home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- .\" @(#)tt03 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/23/86
- .\"
- .NH
- Fonts and Special Characters
- .PP
- .UL troff
- and the typesetter allow four different fonts at any one time.
- Normally three fonts (Times roman, italic and bold) and one collection of special characters
- are permanently
- mounted.
- .P1 2
- .ft R
- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
- ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
- .ft I
- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
- ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
- .ft B
- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
- ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
- .ft R
- .P2
- The
- greek, mathematical symbols and miscellany
- of the special font are
- listed in Appendix A.
- .PP
- .UL troff
- prints in roman unless told otherwise.
- To switch into bold, use
- the
- .BD .ft
- command
- .P1
- ^ft B
- .P2
- and for italics,
- .P1
- ^ft I
- .P2
- To return to roman, use
- .BD .ft\ R ;
- to return to the previous font,
- whatever it was,
- use either
- .BD .ft\ P
- or just
- .BD .ft .
- The `underline' command
- .P1
- ^ul
- .P2
- causes the next input line to print in italics.
- .BD .ul
- can be followed by a count to
- indicate that more than one line is to be italicized.
- .PP
- Fonts can also be changed within a line or word
- with the in-line command
- .BD \ef :
- .P1
- \fBbold\fIface\fR text
- .P2
- is produced by
- .P1
- \efBbold\efIface\efR text
- .P2
- If you want to do this so the previous font, whatever it was,
- is left undisturbed, insert extra
- .BD \efP
- commands, like this:
- .P1
- \efBbold\efP\efIface\efP\efR text\efP
- .P2
- Because only the immediately previous font is remembered,
- you have to restore the previous font after each change
- or you can lose it.
- The same is true of
- .BD .ps
- and
- .BD .vs
- when used without an argument.
- .PP
- There are other fonts available besides the standard set,
- although you can still use only four at any given time.
- The command
- .BD .fp
- tells
- .UL troff
- what fonts are physically mounted on the typesetter:
- .P1
- ^fp 3 H
- .P2
- says that the Helvetica font is mounted on position 3.
- (The complete list of font sizes and styles depends on
- your typesetter or laser printer.)
- Appropriate
- .BD .fp
- commands should appear at the beginning of your document
- if you do not use the standard fonts.
- .PP
- It is possible to make a document relatively independent
- of the actual fonts used to print it
- by using font numbers instead of names;
- for example,
- .BD \ef3
- and
- .BD .ft\ 3
- mean `whatever font is mounted at position 3',
- and thus work for any setting.
- Normal settings are roman font on 1, italic on 2,
- bold on 3,
- and special on 4.
- .PP
- There is also a way to get `synthetic' bold fonts
- by overstriking letters with a slight offset.
- Look at the
- .BD .bd
- command in [1].
- .WS
- .PP
- Special characters have four-character names beginning with
- .BD \e( ,
- and they may be inserted anywhere.
- For example,
- .P1
- \(14 + \(12 = \(34
- .P2
- is produced by
- .P1
- \e(14 + \e(12 = \e(34
- .P2
- In particular,
- greek letters are all of the form
- .BD \e(*\- ,
- where
- .BD \-
- is an upper or lower case roman letter
- reminiscent of the greek.
- Thus
- to get
- .P1
- \(*S(\(*a\(mu\(*b) \(-> \(if
- .P2
- in bare
- .UL troff
- we have to type
- .P1
- \e(*S(\e(*a\e(mu\e(*b) \e(\(mi> \e(if
- .P2
- That line is unscrambled as follows:
- .P1
- .ta 1i 2i 3i
- \e(*S \(*S
- ( (
- \e(*a \(*a
- \e(mu \(mu
- \e(*b \(*b
- ) )
- \e(\(mi> \(->
- \e(if \(if
- .P2
- A complete list of these special names occurs in Appendix A.
- .PP
- In
- .UL eqn
- [2]
- the same effect can be achieved with the input
- .P1
- SIGMA ( alpha times beta ) \-> inf
- .P2
- which is less concise, but clearer to the uninitiated.
- .PP
- Notice that
- each
- four-character name is a single character
- as far as
- .UL troff
- is concerned _
- the
- `translate' command
- .P1
- ^tr \e(mi\e(em
- .P2
- is perfectly clear, meaning
- .P1
- ^tr \(mi\(em
- .P2
- that is, to translate \(mi into \(em.
- .PP
- Some characters are automatically translated into others:
- grave \(ga and acute \(aa accents (apostrophes) become open and close single quotes
- `\|'\|;
- the combination of ``...'' is generally preferable to the double quotes "...".
- Similarly a typed minus sign becomes a hyphen -.
- To print an explicit \- sign, use
- .BD \e\|- .
- To get a backslash printed, use
- .BD \ee .
-