home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
BURKS 2
/
BURKS_AUG97.ISO
/
LINUX
/
INSTALL.TXT
(
.txt
)
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1997-04-19
|
58KB
|
1,400 lines
The Linux Installation HOWTO
by Matt Welsh, mdw@sunsite.unc.edu
v3.0, 30 June 1994
Updated by Patrick Volkerding for Slackware version 3.2.0.
This document describes how to obtain and install the Linux software,
focusing on the popular Slackware distribution (version 3.2.0). It is
the first document which a new Linux user should read to get started.
1. Introduction
Linux is a freely-distributable implementation of UNIX for 80386 and
80486 machines. It supports a wide range of software, including X
Windows, Emacs, TCP/IP networking (including SLIP), the works. This
document assumes that you have heard of and know about Linux, and just
want to sit down and install it.
1.1. Other sources of information
If you have never heard of Linux before, there are several sources of
basic information about the system. One is the Linux Frequently Asked
Questions list (FAQ), available from
sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/FAQ. This document contains many
common questions (and answers!) about Linux---it is a ``must read''
for new users.
In the directory /pub/Linux/docs on sunsite.unc.edu you'll find a
number of other documents about Linux, including the Linux INFO-SHEET
and META-FAQ, both of which you should read. Also take a look at the
USENET newsgroups comp.os.linux.help and comp.os.linux.announce.
Another source of online Linux documentation is the Linux HOWTO
archive, on sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO. The file HOWTO-
INDEX in that directory explains what Linux HOWTOs are available.
The Linux Documentation Project is writing a set of manuals and books
about Linux, all of which are freely distributable on the net. The
directory /pub/Linux/docs/LDP on sunsite.unc.edu contains the current
set of LDP manuals.
The book ``Linux Installation and Getting Started'' is a complete
guide to getting and installing Linux, as well as how to use the
system once you've installed it. It contains a complete tutorial to
using and running the system, and much more information than is
contained here. This HOWTO is simply a condensation of some of the
most important information in that book. You can get ``Linux
Installation and Getting Started'' from sunsite.unc.edu in
/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/install-guide. The README file there describes
how you can order a printed copy of the book (about 180 pages).
1.2. New versions of this document
New versions of the Linux Installation HOWTO will be periodically
posted to comp.os.linux.announce, comp.os.linux, and news.answers.
They will also be uploaded to various Linux FTP sites, including
sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO.
1.3. Feedback
If you have questions or comments about this document, please feel
free to mail Matt Welsh, at mdw@sunsite.unc.edu. I welcome any
suggestions, criticism, or postcards. If you find a mistake with this
document, please let me know so I can correct it in the next version.
Thanks.
2. Hardware Requirements
What kind of system is needed to run Linux? This is a good question;
the actual hardware requirements for the system change periodically.
The Linux Hardware-HOWTO gives a (more or less) complete listing of
hardware supported by Linux. The Linux INFO-SHEET provides another
list.
At the very least, a hardware configuration that looks like the
following is required:
Any ISA, EISA or VESA Local Bus 80386 or 80486 system will do.
Currently, the MicroChannel (MCA) architecture (found on IBM PS/2
machines) is not supported. Any CPU from the 386SX to the 486DX2 will
work. You do not need a math coprocessor, although it is nice to have
one.
You need at least 4 megabytes of memory in your machine. Technically,
Linux will run with only 2 megs, but most installations and software
require 4. The more memory you have, the happier you'll be. I suggest
8 or 16 megabytes if you're planning to use X-Windows.
Of course, you'll need a hard drive and an AT-standard drive
controller. All MFM, RLL, and IDE drives and controllers should work.
Many SCSI drives and adaptors are supported as well; the Linux SCSI-
HOWTO contains more information on SCSI.
Linux can actually run on a single 5.25" HD floppy, but that's only
useful for installation and maintenance.
Free space on your hard drive is needed as well. The amount of space
needed depends on how much software you plan to install. Most
installations require somewhere in the ballpark of 40 to 80 megs.
This includes space for the software, swap space (used as virtual RAM
on your machine), and free space for users, and so on.
It's conceivable that you could run a minimal Linux system in 20 megs
or less, and it's conceivable that you could use well over 200 megs or
more for all of your Linux software. The amount varies greatly
depending on the amount of software you install and how much space you
require. More about this later.
Linux will co-exist with other operating systems, such as MS-DOS,
Microsoft Windows, or OS/2, on your hard drive. (In fact you can even
access MS-DOS files and run some MS-DOS programs from Linux.) In
other words, when partitioning your drive for Linux, MS-DOS or OS/2
live on their own partitions, and Linux exists on its own. We'll go
into more detail later.
You do NOT need to be running MS-DOS, OS/2, or any other operating
system to use Linux. Linux is a completely different, stand-alone
operating system and does not rely on other OS's for installation and
use.
You also need a Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA, or Super VGA video card and
monitor. In general, if your video card and monitor work under MS-DOS
then it should work under Linux. However, if you wish to run X
Windows, there are other restrictions on the supported video hardware.
The Linux XFree86-HOWTO contains more information about running X and
its requirements.
In all, the minimal setup for Linux is not much more than is required
for most MS-DOS or MS Windows systems sold today. If you have a 386 or
486 with at least 4 megs of RAM, then you'll be happy running Linux.
Linux does not require huge amounts of diskspace, memory, or processor
speed. I (used to) run Linux on a 386/16 MHz (the slowest machine you
can get) with 4 megs of RAM, and was quite happy. The more you want to
do, the more memory (and faster processor) you'll need. In my
experience a 486 with 16 megabytes of RAM running Linux outdoes
several models of workstation.
3. Getting Linux
In this section we'll cover how to obtain the Linux software.
3.1. Linux Distributions
Before you can install Linux, you need to decide on one of the
``distributions'' of Linux which are available. There is no single,
standard release of the Linux software---there are many such releases.
Each release has its own documentation and installation instructions.
Linux distributions are available both via anonymous FTP and via mail
order on diskette, tape, and CD-ROM. The Linux Distribution HOWTO (see
sunsite.unc.edu in the file /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO)
includes a list of many Linux distributions available via FTP and mail
order.
The release of Linux covered in this HOWTO is the Slackware
distribution, maintained by Patrick J. Volkerding
(volkerdi@mhd1.moorhead.msus.edu). It is one of the most popular
distributions available; it is very up-to-date and includes a good
amount of software including X-Windows, TeX, and others. The
Slackware distribution consists of a number of ``disk sets'', each one
containing a particular type of software (for example, the d disk set
contains development tools such as the gcc compiler, and so forth).
You can elect to install whatever disk sets you like, and can easily
install new ones later.
Slackware is also easy to install; it is very self-explanatory. (So
self-explanatory, in fact, that this HOWTO may not be necessary.)
The version of Slackware described here is 3.2.0, of April 1997.
Installation of later versions of Slackware should be very similar to
the information given here.