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1997-07-07
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Mail-Queue v2.00/22 Mar 97/sendmail 8.8.5
Queue Remote Mail + Deliver Local Mail
The Configuration Changes Neccessary to Make Sendmail Deliver Local Mail
***Now*** While Stashing Remote Mail in The Queue Until "I Say So".
Authors: Leif Erlingsson <leif@lege.com>
Jan P Tietze <jptietze@mail.hh.provi.de>
The document is written by two authors. The NON dial-on-demand solutions
part (oldest part) is written by Leif Erlingsson <leif@lege.com>, and the
newer dial-on-demand solutions part is written by
Jan P Tietze <jptietze@mail.hh.provi.de>.
1. NON dial-on-demand solutions PART
Written by Leif Erlingsson <leif@lege.com>.
The original version of this part contained a lot of unnecessary
stuff. This is all it takes, really...
1.1 Starting sendmail
Slackware et al: /etc/rc.d/rc.M:
echo "Starting sendmail daemon (/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd -os) [queue only mode]..."
/usr/sbin/sendmail -bd -os # NOT "-bd -q 15m", the "standard" flags! )
RedHat et al: /etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail.init:
echo -n "Starting sendmail: [queue only mode]"
daemon sendmail -bd -os # NOT daemon sendmail -bd -q1h
The -os is not really essential, all it does is this:
SuperSafe [s] Be super-safe when running things, i.e.,
always instantiate the queue file, even if
you are going to attempt immediate delivery.
Sendmail always instantiates the queue file
before returning control the client under
any circumstances. This should really
always be set.
This should already be configured in the default sendmail.cf anyway.
1.2 Configuring sendmail
Serious sendmail users use the m4 source for this. I recommend
this solution if you ever plan on upgrading sendmail and also
make anything but trivial changes to sendmail.cf.
If you never intend to fix sendmail so envelope return headers
et al works even though you might be on dynamic dial in IP or
something, then you may not need to get the m4 source.
1.2.1 Configuring sendmail.cf directly, for trivial configurations
This way of doing things is extremeley version dependent vs.
sendmail.cf versions. The following solution is *only* valid
for sendmail-8.8.x.
Edit /etc/sendmail.cf:
# avoid connecting to "expensive" mailers on initial submission?
O HoldExpensive=True
... later ...
##### @(#)smtp.m4 8.33 (Berkeley) 7/9/96 #####
Msmtp, P=[IPC], F=mDFMuXe, S=11/31, R=21, E=\r\n, L=990,
T=DNS/RFC822/SMTP,
A=IPC $h
Mesmtp, P=[IPC], F=mDFMuXae, S=11/31, R=21, E=\r\n, L=990,
T=DNS/RFC822/SMTP,
A=IPC $h
Msmtp8, P=[IPC], F=mDFMuX8e, S=11/31, R=21, E=\r\n, L=990,
T=DNS/RFC822/SMTP,
A=IPC $h
Mrelay, P=[IPC], F=mDFMuXa8e, S=11/31, R=61, E=\r\n, L=2040,
T=DNS/RFC822/SMTP,
A=IPC $h
The important flag above is ``e''. Don't fuss if the other flags
look different in your file. Keep your flags as-is, only add ``e''
to your flags according to the above examples, unless it's there
already. ``e'' marks the mailers as ``expensive''.
1.2.2 Configuring sendmail.cf using m4 source
In the following I will, for simplicity, assume that the sendmail
version is 8.8.5. If you have a different version, replace 8.8.5
with that version number below! Also, the instructions will not
work for older versions of sendmail. Get the latest sendmail!
Download the sendmail source.
Try ``http://WWW.Sendmail.ORG'' or possibly ``ftp.sendmail.org''.
I also recommend that you obtain my patch for allowing envelope
sender reverse aliasing and other nice stuff to really make you
take control over your mail environment.
Write to ``Sendmail Patch <sendmail@lege.com>'',
Subject: ``sendmail-8.8.5'', if 8.8.5 is your sendmail version.
I may also put them up on ``http://www.lege.com'', eventually.
You don't have to get my patches in order to get ``Queue Remote
Mail + Deliver Local Mail'' to work. My patches solve other
things. But I just thought this would be a nice place to mention
them, as many Linux users will find them extremely useful.
(They will even give you properly working virtual domains, if you
like. The virtual domains don't have to be ``local''. They will
give you ``xaliases'', or in other words ``reverse aliasing''.)
Unpack the sendmail source. You may get /usr/src/sendmail-8.8.5/.
cd /usr/src/sendmail-8.8.5/cf
Now overlay my patch, if you want it, otherwise skip this step:
If you don't want to use procmail as Local Delivery Agent, save
away your /usr/src/sendmail-8.8.5/cf/ostype/linux.m4 before
doing this...
Save my patch to ``/tmp/sendmail-8.8.5-cf-cpio-idcmu.gz'', then...
cd /usr/src/sendmail-8.8.5/cf
gzip -dc < /tmp/sendmail-8.8.5-cf-cpio-idcmu.gz | cpio -idcmu
If you didn't want to use procmail, write back the saved copy of
/usr/src/sendmail-8.8.5/cf/ostype/linux.m4 again.
And regardless of if you applied my patch or not, you must make
sure these lines or very similar ones are added to
/usr/src/sendmail-8.8.5/cf/cf/yourhostname.smtp.mc
(but if you applied my patch you may want to investigate filenames
containing the word ``elijah'', under /usr/src/sendmail-8.8.5/cf):
dnl # Defer Delivery to "expensive" mailers until next time the
dnl # queue is processed using "O HoldExpensive=True" and make
dnl # sure smtp mailers are "expensive".
dnl # (See original "sendmail" book Chapter 30: Options,
dnl # "Oc - Don't connect to expensive mailers", or
dnl # 2nd Edition "sendmail" book Chapter 34.8.29,
dnl # "HoldExpensive (c), Queue for expensive mailers".)
dnl # / Leif Erlingsson <leif@lege.com>
define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE', `True')
define(SMTP_MAILER_FLAGS, e)
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
1.3 The 1.x versions of this document contained Menu support
suggestions for /var/X11R6/lib/fvwm/system.fvwmrc. I have
dropped those in the current version, but they are available on
request:
Write to ``Menu support suggestions <fvwmrc@lege.com>'',
Subject: ``Menu support suggestions''
2. Dial-on-demand solutions PART
Written by Jan P Tietze <jptietze@mail.hh.provi.de>.
Many Linux users access the Internet through a dialup line, and many
have decided to implement dial-on-demand facilities on their system.
That is, whenever an IP packet of some sort has to leave the local
network or the local host, the link to an Internet Service Provider
(ISP) will automatically be established. The link will be dropped
after some period of time that no packet has travelled across.
Although this is very comfortable and cost effective, there is one
special case in which this is neither comfortable (as the time to
bring up a "traditional" modem dialup is very noticeable) nor cost
effective, and this is sending e-mail. E-Mail is commonly sent by
SMTP, either delivered by your own system or through a SMTP host on
the Internet that usually resides in your ISP's network.
With dialup lines, every time you send a message the link will have
to be brought up. This is quite okay if you send only one message,
but if you happen to create and send multiple messages, bringing up
the line more than once can be tedious and cost ineffective. Also,
if your ISP imposes limits as to what times you are allowed to
login, this would also restrict you to postpone messages at certain
times of the day, and you would have to manually send them later.
Section 1 of this document will solve the situation, however in
situations where an external DNS lookup would cause the link up, the
link will still be established even if e-mail is just being queued.
The reason is that sendmail wishes to "canonify" host names.
The solution to this problem is twofold: First, we'll have to
moderately change sendmail.cf. And then we have to define the
process of actual mail delivery. Personally, I prefer to have cron
do the job for me and describe the necessary changes below.
2.1 Configuring sendmail.cf
For the reasons stated in [1.2], I recommend modifying the m4
sources instead of editing sendmail.cf directly. It will actually
save you a lot of hassle and make configuration changes more
verbose.
First, perform all the changes described in the first part of this
document. Then go through the dial-on-demand specific stuff.
2.1.1 Conf