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C I R C U I T C A D -------------------------------------------------------------------- Reference Manual Version 1.0 Copyright 1991 Rick Smith A L L R I G H T S R E S E R V E D ----------------------------------- DISCLAIMER ========== CIRCUIT CAD AND IT'S SUPPORT PROGRAMS ARE LICENSED "AS-IS". THE AUTHOR OF THIS SOFTWARE MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS PROGRAM, IT'S QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN PARTICULAR, IT IS NOT GUARANTEED TO PREVENT OR DETECT DAMAGE TO YOUR DATA OR PROGRAMS. IN NO EVENT WILL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA, LOST PROFITS, COST OF COVER OR OTHER SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PROGRAM HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY. THIS LIMITATION WILL APPLY EVEN IF THE AUTHOR IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. BY USING THIS SOFTWARE YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO THE ABOVE TERMS. Copyright 1991 Rick Smith CIRCUIT CAD is protected by United States Copyright Laws. CIRCUIT CAD is a shareware product. You may feel free to make copies of this package and pass it on to friends for their evaluation as long as the programs are not modified in any way. If you make use of this product you are expected to pay a registration fee of $25.00 to: Rick Smith 8713 W. St. Joe Lansing, MI. 48917 Please register to ensure continued program developement and enhancement. As a registered user you will receive notices of updates and new products. Please use the invoice at the end of this manual to register. Your registration fee entitles you to use this product on a single computer and to make copies for backup purposes. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS =================== This program requires a CGA card or a VGA/EGA card capable of down switching to CGA, 640K RAM, Microsoft compatible mouse, Epson FX compatible printer, and a hard drive. Introduction ============ CIRCUIT CAD is a schematic drafting program. It was written entirely in Turbo C. The purpose behind this program was to provide a simple and inexpensive program that had good performance characteristics. This program uses bit mapped graphics to achieve these goals. The size of the availiable work area is 3 full screens wide by 4 full screens deep. The basic working procedure is simply to recall parts with the (G)et command, move the part to the desired location with the mouse and then place the part. Then lines (wires) are connected between parts by way of the mouse. The orthogonal line mode allows for very easy pin to pin connections. The Part editor programs complete the CIRCUIT CAD package. There are two types of parts: graphic parts and IC parts. There are separate editors for the two types. The purpose of the editors was to make it extremely easy to make parts. You will find a drawing file included with the package. PARTS.DRW shows what all the included graphics parts look like. It doesn't show the IC parts however The following extensions denote the accompaning file types: .GRF Graphics part file .PRT Integrated circuit part file .DRW Schematic drawing file One of the drawbacks of this program is that the drawing files are extremely large; about 200K bytes! It is therefore recommended that you use one of the popular compression-archive utilities. They do an excellent job on the drawing files; compressing them down to about 20K or less. You will also want to print out a list of the available parts so that you have the names on hand. You can do this with the following dos commands: dir *.grf/w >prn dir *.prt/w >prn Of course, you must do this from within the directory where the parts are located. CIRCAD.EXE - The schematic drafting program. ============================================ The majority of the available functions can be invoked by pressing the first letter of the command. For example to GET a part press (G), for help press (H). Other functions are available through function keys. The ESCape key may be used to undo drawing errors. (H)elp ------ Pressing H will bring up the help screen. The help screen lists all the available functions. The function is invoked by pressing the letter contained in parenthesis. (G)et ----- Use this function to load a part. It doesn't matter whether the part is a graphics part or an IC part, the program figures it out. To get a part press (G). You are then prompted for the part name. Enter the part name without an extension. For example if you want an NPN transister, just enter the file name 'npn'. If the program, for some reason, can't load the part then nothing happens. If the part is successfully loaded then it appears on the screen (or in the case of an IC, a rectangle appears). CIRCUIT CAD doesn't have true rotation of parts. This means that for some of the graphics parts there are vertical and horizonal versions of the parts. There are actually fewer keystrokes to this method but you have to be aware of it. For example there is VRES & HRES. The V & H signify the directions vertical and horizonal. If the part is a graphics part it may be flipped horizonally or vertically. If the part is an IC part it may be flipped horizonally, but you won't be prompted for this option until AFTER you place the part. Move the part to the desired location with the mouse and click the RIGHT mouse button or space bar to place the part. (A)gain ------- When you (G)et a part it is loaded into a buffer. The part remains in the buffer until you (G)et a different part. The (A)gain function allows you to repeat a part placement without having to re-type in the part name. Simply press (A), and then place the displayed part just like you would while using (G)et. Drawing Lines ------------- To draw a line simply press the left mouse button. This initiates the drawing function. Drag the line around with the mouse to where ever you want it then press the space bar to terminate the line drawing mode. (O)rthogonal line mode ---------------------- Pressing the (O) (the letter, not zero) toggles the line mode between orthogonal and non-orthogonal. When drawing a line in the orthogonal mode, two lines at right angles are used to connect between two points. For any two points there are two ways to connect them. For example if the starting point is at the upper left of the screen and you drag a line down to the lower right portion of the screen, the orthogonal line could either go horizonal first then down vertically to the end point, -OR- it could go down vertically FIRST then go over horizonally to the end point. This is determined by the program by which way YOU move the cursor FIRST. So if you don't like the way the orthogonal line is being drawn, go back to the starting point and drag it out the other way! (you don't have to terminate the line to do this!) The default mode at start-up is orthogonal. (L)oad drawing -------------- To load a drawing, press L. The program will prompt you for a filename. Do not use an extension. CIRCUIT CAD attaches the extension .DRW to all drawing files. If you invoke this function by mistake, just hit enter to escape. After you type a name hit enter to load the file. (S)ave drawing -------------- To save a drawing press S. Again, the program will prompt you to enter a filename. This function works just like the load drawing function. (P)rint drawing --------------- Make sure you have continous fan fold paper in your printer and the printer is ready to print. The drawing size on paper is about 12 inches deep by 16 inches wide. It therefore needs 4 continuous sheets total. The program prints the drawing in the same orientation as it appears on the screen. It prints the left half of the drawing on the first 2 sheets of paper and then prints the right half of the drawing on the last 2 sheets. You will have to trim and scotch tape the two halfs together for a 16 by 12 inch drawing. You will be prompted to select 1 pass or 2 passes. When 2 passes is selected the printing routine makes two passes for each line in order to darken the drawing. Of course this takes twice as long to do so if you have a good ribbon on your printer you may want to select 1 pass. SAVE your drawing before printing! (Q)uit program -------------- The program asks you if you're sure you want to quit (you need to save your drawing before you quit if you want to keep it). If you answer yes, then the program ends. (B)uss ------ Invoking this function will start a buss line (thick line) which can then be dragged out with the mouse (just like the orthogonal line). Pressing the space bar terminates the buss line. (DEL)ete block -------------- Pressing the delete key will allow you to drag out a dotted box from the current cursor position. Pressing the space bar will delete the area inside the box to a scrap buffer. This deleted area can then be placed again with the mouse using the INSert key. (INS)ert block -------------- If there is something in the scrap buffer, pressing INSert will place the contents on the screen which can then be dragged around with the mouse. Pressing the space bar will place the contents at the current position. (E)rase ------- Pressing E will bring up an erasing cursor. The cursor will erase whatever it passes over only while the left mouse button is held down. To terminate this mode, press the space bar. (J)unction ---------- Pressing J will place a small solid circle at the current cursor position. This is used to show an electrical connection between two crossing wires. (T)ext ------ To use this function, first place the mouse where you want the text to start. Press T and type some text. Hit enter. If the size is the default size 4, the function will automatically move down one line and prompt you again. Just hit enter to quit. (F1) Set text size, direction and justification. ---- Prompts you for this information. All following (T)ext commands will use these settings. (F3) Sets snap to 10 pixels. ---- (F4) Sets snap to 5 pixels. ---- (F5) Sets the screen color. Keep pressing until you have the ---- desired color. Cursor Movement --------------- The mouse cursor is primarly moved with the mouse but it can also be moved with the arrow keys. Use SHIFT arrow keys to scroll screens. CAD.CFG - The configuration file. ================================= If you want to put all your parts into another sub- directory, you may do so but you must tell circad.exe where they are. This information is in the cad.cfg file. For example if you wanted to put your parts in C:\CCAD\PARTS\ directory, you put this path name as the FIRST line of a file. Note that you must include the last \. To make this file you can type the following at the DOS prompt (hit enter after each line): copy con: cad.cfg c:\ccad\parts\ Then press function key F6, then enter. This will save the text line c:\ccad\parts\ under the filename cad.cfg. Of course you can use any directory path name you wish, however, remember to include the final \. If you have your parts in the same directory as circad.exe then no configuration file is needed. In fact, in this case make sure there is NOT an cad.cfg file! circad.exe will automatically look in it's own directory. AN IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT PRINTING ================================ CIRCUIT CAD checks to see if the printer is ready before the program starts printing. However if, while printing, you turned off the printer the program would end and you would get the DOS message Abort, Retry, Ignore. After hitting abort, you would then be in DOS, however, the screen would still be in the high resolution mode, not in text mode. To change back to the normal text mode, use the DOS command: MODE co80 This will return the screen to text mode. This is a good reason to save your drawing before printing! ICEDIT.EXE - The IC editing utility. ==================================== This utility is used to created integrated circuit type parts or "chips". The goal of this utility is to make the part making procedure as easy as possible. The whole part may not fit on the screen. You can use PGUP, PGDN to view the entire part. The summary of commands are as follows: (N)ew part ---------- Press N to begin a totally new part. You are then asked for the number of pins and the part name. The number of pins is the total number including pins with "no connection". It must ALWAYS be an EVEN number. Typical values are 8, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 40 etc. The name of the part is a label that will be located at the bottom of the chip. You will then be prompted to enter the label for pin 1. If you want to abort this process you may type "quit" and hit enter. Otherwise type a the label for the pin like: VCC, GND, D0, whatever! Next you will be prompted for the pin type: (D) for dot or (L) for line. The reason for this is that there is no overbar for the label to signify "active low" therefore you may use a dot line (a line terminated with a not circle at the body) for this purpose. Another way to signify an active low pin on the label is to use the single quote '. Like this R/W' or CS'. For the latter, using CS and a dot line would be more appropriate. You will then be asked for the same information for pin 2 on up to the number of pins you first entered. Altering the IC body size ------------------------- By using the arrow keys you may stretch out the body of the IC to any size. Notice that the pins start out at the upper left, move down, and then go back up the other side. This is how the pin labels and numbers are put on the IC body. It is merely a list and the list starts at the upper left. This is evident when the body size is altered. Moving pins around ------------------ After the pin data is enter by the (N)ew command, the IC is displayed in compact form. You probably won't like it in this form. For example it is convienent to have all the data lines D0 through D7 on one side of the IC, likewise with address lines. So what you need to do is to stretch out the IC body as mentioned above then simply use the mouse to move pins around. Move the mouse cursor to the pin you want to move and press the left mouse button. The program will echo your selection. Then move the mouse cursor to an open spot along the sides of the IC and click it again. The pin will be moved to the new location. Make sure the spot is open. Any previous pin labeling will be erased it you place the selected pin over an existing pin. (E)dit Pin ---------- If you need to change the labeling for a pin you may do so with this function. After pressing E, move the mouse cursor to the pin you want to edit and press the left mouse button. You are then prompted for the information. If you hit enter without typing anything for the pin number and label, they will remain unchanged. For the line type, however, if you hit enter without typing a D for dot or L for line, no line will be drawn. This is preferred for some things (see the part PCIO). e(D)it label ------------ If you need to change the IC label you can use this option. (L)oad IC --------- To load an IC part, press L. The program will prompt you for a filename. Do not use an extension. Icedit attaches the extension .PRT to all IC part files. If you invoke this function by mistake, just hit enter to escape. After you type a name hit enter to load the part. (S)ave IC --------- To save a part press S. Again, the program will prompt you to enter a filename. This function works just like the load function. (Q)uit program -------------- The program asks you if you're sure you want to quit (you need to save your part before you quit). If you answer yes, then the program ends. GREDIT.EXE - The graphics part utility. ======================================= This utility is for making parts that are of a graphic nature like transistors, resistors, capacitors, etc. When you run the graphics editor, you will see a large magnified viewing area to the right and a small viewing area at the upper left corner of the screen. A summary of the commands are as follows: (F10) This will bring up a screen that lists the possible ----- options. (P)rint part ------------ Make sure that the printer is on and ready to go. It's a good idea to save your part before invoking this option. With this option you can print your graphics part so you can see exactly how it looks on paper. (F)ill ------ This option will fill in an area TOTALLY enclosed by pixels with solid color. To use, put the mouse cursor any place on the inside of the enclosed area and press F. If the area is not totally enclosed, the fill will leak out and continue to fill the whole drawing area. You might want to save your part before you use this until you're sure of how it works. (D)ot ----- This function places a circle of radius 3 pixels centered at the current cursor position. This is a common size used for NOT symbols on logic gates, etc. (C)ircle -------- This function will draw a circle centered at the current cursor position with a radius value that you enter (you will be prompted). (F1) Places a dot at current cursor position. ---- (F2) Removes a dot at current cursor position. ---- (CTRL-PGUP) Pages magnified view to upper visable area. ----------- (CTRL-PGDN) Pages magnified view to lower visable area. ----------- (L)oad part ----------- To load a part, press L. The program will prompt you for a filename. Do not use an extension. Gredit attaches the extension .GRF to all graphic part files. If you invoke this function by mistake, just hit enter to escape. After you type a name hit enter to load the part. (S)ave part ----------- To save a part press S. You will then be advised to "crop" the part. Hit enter to continue and you will see a dotted rectangle on the small drawing. With the arrow keys, crop the area to the smallest size (only the area enclosed by the dotted rectangle is saved) and hit enter. The program will then prompt you to enter a filename. The reason for this has to do with flipping the part over in the CIRCUIT CAD program and the borders of the drawing. For example, if you drew a small part and did not crop it, there would be a large blank area to bottom that would be saved also. Now if you were in the CIRCUIT CAD program and you recalled this part with (G)et and then flipped it vertically, the large blank area would be to the top. Now if you tried to move this part up with the mouse to place it, the blank area would hit the border first and you wouldn't be able to move any farther up. That is why you need to crop the part in this gredit program. (Q)uit program -------------- The program asks you if you're sure you want to quit (you need to save your part before you quit). If you answer yes, then the program ends. A word about making a graphics part: ------------------------------------ The CIRCUIT CAD program mouse cursor has the option of snapping to the nearest 5 pixel position or to the nearest 10 pixel position. The graphics parts are oriented so that their "unflipped position" origin is at the UPPER LEFT corner. So if you draw a part, the "Leads" or "Legs" of the part MUST be at the nearest 5th or 10th pixel position or else when you place the part on the CIRCUIT CAD drawing sheet and try to hook up a wire, it won't match up !! The upper left corner is the (0,0) position. You must start counting from there. If you put a dot at positions (0,0), (0,10), and (10,0), the GREDIT screen would look something like this: 1 01234567890 Upper left______ \----------------------------------- . . | |* * | | | | | | | . | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------ |* | | | | | To draw you can either use the mouse & the left mouse button or the arrow key pad (including the diagonals) & the F1 and F2 keys. To use the mouse simply put the mouse at the desired position and press the left mouse button. Dots will be placed if the starting position was blank. If the starting position had a dot there already, then dots will be erased. Play with this to see how it works. The other way (and the more precise way) is to use the arrow keys on the numeric key pad along with the F1 function key to place dots. What you can do is to get a rhythm going hitting an arrow key then F1 and so on to draw a line. You can also use the diagonal keys (Number 7,9,1,3 on keypad) to draw lines. This way is usually easier than the mouse because it's hard to draw straight lines with the mouse. Also, as mentioned before, you have to COUNT to the nearest 5th or 10 pixel to make sure your leads match up! INVOICE ======= CIRCUIT CAD registration. Remit $25.00 to: Rick Smith 8713 W. St. Joe Lansing, MI. 48917 _____________________________________________ Name _____________________________________________ Address __________________ _______ ______________ City State Zip If you have any suggestions for this program, Please write them below: