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- DOCUMENT:Q98730 31-JAN-1994 [W_NT]
- TITLE :FAQ: Technical Information
- PRODUCT :Windows NT
- PROD/VER:3.10
- OPER/SYS:WINDOWS
- KEYWORDS:
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
- The information in this article applies to:
-
- - Microsoft Windows NT operating system version 3.1
- - Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server version 3.1
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- SUMMARY
- =======
-
- The following information is also included in the Windows NT and Windows NT
- Advanced Server Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document that is available
- on CompuServe in the WINNT forum. This article contains the Technical
- Information section, including the following topics:
-
- - Couldn't Find NTLDR
- - How the LibPath Environment Variable Works
- - File Compression Programs and Drivers (Doublespace)
- - Troubleshooting 16-bit Windows Applications Under Windows NT
- - Using fault tolerance mirroring in Windows NT
- - OS/2 Subsystem Takes Priority
- - ANSI.SYS Support
- - Extended and Expanded Memory for MS-DOS Applications
- - Converting File Systems without Reformatting
- - Removal of NTFS
- - CHKDSK /F on an NTFS Drive
- - MS-DOS Device Drivers in CONFIG.SYS
- - Replacing Boot Sector Without Reinstalling
- - Microsoft Visual C++ (MMD.386 virtual device driver not loaded)
- - Microsoft Visual C++ (XXXX.EXE is not a valid Windows NT app.)
- - What is Win32s?
- - Recreating a Post Office
-
- MORE INFORMATION
- ================
-
- Couldn't Find NTLDR
- -------------------
-
- Question:
-
- When I select Windows NT from Boot loader it comes up with the following
- error:
-
- BOOT: Couldn't find NTLDR
- Please insert another disk
-
- Answer:
-
- In order for Boot loader to start NTLDR must be in the root of the C Drive.
- If this file is missing you will get this error message. To fix this simply
- copy the NTLDR from the CD or the Floppies to the root of the C drive. If
- you are copying from the CD ROM, you will find NTLDR in the I386 directory
- and can copy it by going to the CD ROM Drive and entering:
-
- copy \i386\ntldr c:\
-
- Or, if you have a floppy installation set, you can find NTLDR as NTLDR.$ on
- disk 2. To expand this file and copy it to the correct location, type the
- following:
-
- expand ntldr.$ c:\ntldr
-
- How the LibPath Environment Variable Works
- ------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- I used to use the LIBPATH environment variable to search for DLL files. The
- environment variable is no longer available under Windows NT. What do I use
- as a replacement?
-
- Answer:
-
- There is no Win32 or NT LIBPATH environment variable or Registry entry
- under Windows NT. DLLs are found just like executable files (.EXE files) on
- the path.
-
- File Compression Programs and Drivers (Doublespace)
- ---------------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- Is Windows NT compatible with my hard disk compression driver? Does Windows
- NT support MS-DOS 6.0 Doublespace?
-
- Answer:
-
- You cannot place Windows NT on a partition with Stacker, DoubleSpace
- (Microsoft MS-DOS 6.0) or any other compression or partitioning software.
- In general, Windows NT will not be able to access data on a disk that
- requires a driver in the CONFIG.SYS file for MS-DOS unless a similar driver
- has been installed for Windows NT. Windows NT supports the MS- DOS FAT file
- system and applications. It does not support Doublespace, the integrated
- data compression technology available with MS-DOS 6.0. We are looking to
- make this technology available in a future release of Windows NT.
-
- Troubleshooting 16-bit Windows Applications Under Windows NT
- ------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- My 16-bit Windows application is not working under Windows NT. What should
- I do?
-
- Answer:
-
- Many different 16-bit applications designed to run under Windows 3.1 have
- been tested with Windows NT. When you are troubleshooting a 16- bit
- application that is not working properly under Windows, the following items
- should be taken into consideration:
-
- - If possible, verify that the application works correctly under Windows
- 3.0 and 3.1.
-
- - If the application requires a VxD (virtual device driver), it will not
- work properly under Windows NT.
-
- - If the application requires Windows 3.0 or 3.1 to be running in 386
- enhanced mode, the application will not function properly on either the
- DEC Alpha or MIPS versions of Windows NT at this time because these
- platforms currently emulate only the Intel 80286 architecture.
-
- - Check Print Manager to see that a default printer has been selected.
- Some applications (such as Microsoft Word version 2.0 for Windows) will
- not function properly under Windows NT unless a default printer has been
- selected.
-
- - Make sure that any dynamic link libraries (DLLs) used by the application
- are both current and locatable by the application (either in the system
- path or explicitly defined within the application or working directory.)
-
- Try other standard troubleshooting steps such as the following:
-
- - Remove unnecessary device drivers
-
- - Remove unnecessary hardware
-
- - Boot with clean AUTOEXEC.NT and CONFIG.NT files
-
- - Use standard device drivers in Windows NT (Standard VGA, and so forth)
-
- If normal troubleshooting procedures do not help, file a bug report using
- the BUGREP.TXT template from Library 3 (Problem Reports) of the WINNT forum
- and upload the completed form to back to the same library. The report will
- be passed on to Windows NT development so they can look into and attempt to
- correct the problem.
-
- Using fault tolerance mirroring in Windows NT
- ---------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- Why am I unable to choose the Establish Mirror or Stripe Set With Parity
- options under Disk Administrator in Windows NT?
-
- Answer:
-
- Only Windows NT Advanced Server supports the hard disk fault tolerance
- options of mirroring (which includes duplexing) and striping with parity.
-
- OS/2 Subsystem Takes Priority
- -----------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- Why is that whenever I run my bound application it runs under the OS/2
- subsystem and not the MS-DOS subsystem?
-
- Answer:
-
- Bound applications are designed and built so that they can be run under
- either OS/2 or MS-DOS. The OS2 SubSystem is not available on MIPS,
- therefore, bound applications will run as MS-DOS applications on MIPS.
-
- When a bound application is run under Windows NT on an 80x86 CPU, it
- automatically runs under the OS2 SubSystem if available.
-
- The OS2 SubSystem is available by default on an 80x86. In order to force
- bound applications to run as an MS-DOS application, use the FORCEDOS
- command. It can be found in your \%SystemRoot%\system32 directory.
-
- ANSI.SYS Support
- ----------------
-
- Question:
-
- Does Windows NT support the use of ANSI.SYS?
-
- Answer:
-
- Windows NT does support the use of ANSI.SYS for backward compatibility with
- MS-DOS-based applications which require it. However, when you start a
- Command Prompt, you are not running ANSI.SYS, so escape sequences do not
- function.
-
- 1. Add the following line to your CONFIG.NT file in your
- %SYSTEMROOT%\SYSTEM32 directory:
-
- device=%systemroot%\system32\ansi.sys
-
- 2. Start a command prompt.
-
- 3. Run COMMAND.COM from MS-DOS 5.0. Note: This must be the version that
- comes with MS-DOS 5.0. If you just type COMMAND, the system starts
- another CMD.EXE from Windows NT. Check the version with the VER command.
- It should be "MS-DOS 5.00," not "Windows NT Version 3.10." Also,
- remember to include extra environment space if you are going to use the
- PROMPT variable.
-
- You should now be able to send ANSI escape sequences. To test this, try the
- following example:
-
- prompt $e[J
-
- This should clear the screen.
-
- NOTE: When you type EXIT at the command prompt, only COMMAND.COM is exited;
- you need to type EXIT a second time to close the Windows NT command prompt.
-
- Extended and Expanded Memory for MS-DOS Applications
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- How do I give my MS-DOS applications extended or expanded memory?
-
- Answer:
-
- As with Windows 3.1, a program information file (PIF) can be created for
- applications which need resources beyond those supplied to MS-DOS
- applications by default. See Chapter 11 (Other Application Environments) in
- the Windows NT System Guide for more information about using PIF files.
-
- Converting File Systems without Reformatting
- --------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- Can I convert my current file system to NTFS without reformatting the
- drive?
-
- Answer:
-
- Yes. The command-line utility, CONVERT.EXE, can be used to convert existing
- HPFS or FAT drives to the NTFS format. Note that no other conversions are
- supported at this time. It is only possible to convert FAT or HPFS to NTFS.
- To convert from NTFS back to FAT or HPFS, it is necessary to backup your
- drive, reformat it, and then restore the files back to it.
-
- For example: To convert drive "D:" from FAT to NTFS format, type the
- following command:
-
- convert d: /fs:ntfs
-
- Removal of NTFS
- ---------------
-
- Question:
-
- How do I remove my NTFS partition from my C Drive?
-
- Answer:
-
- The CONVERT utility cannot change an NTFS-formatted drive to a drive
- formatted by another file system. It is necessary to reformat an NTFS drive
- in order to change the file system. If Windows NT is not installed on the
- NTFS partition you are trying to remove, use the FORMAT command from a
- Windows NT command prompt to change the file system, or use the Disk
- Administrator to remove the partition directly.
-
- Windows NT does not permit you to format the drive that it is installed on.
- To reformat a drive containing Windows NT, do the following:
-
- 1. Start Windows NT Setup.
-
- 2. Choose Custom Installation.
-
- 3. If Setup suggests a path in which to install Windows NT, press N to
- select a new location.
-
- 4. When Setup asks you to select the partition where you would like to
- install Windows NT, choose the NTFS drive you want to reformat and press
- P to delete the partition.
-
- 5. Either continue from here using the setup program to recreate and format
- the partition or exit Setup and use the FDISK and FORMAT commands to
- complete the process.
-
- CHKDSK /F on an NTFS Drive
- --------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- Why won't Windows NT let me run CHKDSK /F on NTFS formatted drives?
-
- Answer:
-
- There are two reasons for this:
-
- 1. If you see the message
-
- Cannot lock the current drive.
-
- make another drive current. For example, if you are trying to run CHKDSK
- /F on the D drive, make C current by typing "C:" and ENTER before
- issuing the CHKDSK command.
-
- 2. If you see the message
-
- Cannot lock the drive for single user.
-
- it indicates that there are open files on the drive you are attempting
- to check. If Windows NT is not installed to the drive in question,
- simply be sure that all applications that might have files open on the
- drive are closed. If you have a page file on the drive, that too must be
- moved by using the Virtual Memory application in Control Panel. You
- should then be able to run CHKDSK with the /F option.
-
- If Windows NT is installed to the NTFS drive for which you are trying to
- run CHKDSK /F, then it will not be possible to fix errors without
- restarting Windows NT.
-
- When CHKDSK /F is unable to execute, it prompts the user with a message
- similar to the following:
-
- Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another process.
- Would you like to schedule this volume to be checked the next time
- the system reboots? (Y/N)
-
- If you choose Y, CHKDSK /F is executed the next time Windows NT is
- started.
-
- MS-DOS Device Drivers in CONFIG.SYS
- -----------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- How do I load device drivers in CONFIG.SYS for my MS-DOS applications? Are
- there drivers that I will not be able to load?
-
- Answer:
-
- You can only use device drivers in CONFIG.SYS that touch parts of the
- system that are emulated by the Windows NT VDM (Virtual DOS Machine) code.
- This is why ANSI.SYS works (because the display is an emulated device) but
- ASPI drivers don't (since the hardware is not emulated.)
-
- If you have some software that requires a device driver, it is likely that
- the vendors who produced it need to write a VDD (Virtual Device Driver) for
- that driver, and possibly a Windows NT Device Driver to support that VDD.
- The information required to write these drivers can be found in the Windows
- NT DDK.
-
- Replacing Boot Sector Without Reinstalling
- ------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- How do I replace my Windows NT boot sector without reinstalling Windows NT?
-
- Answer:
-
- 1. Boot from the floppy setup disk you used to install Windows NT.
-
- 2. Choose the option to use the emergency repair disk that was created
- during installation.
-
- 3. Be sure the option to "verify boot files on your C: drive" is selected.
-
- 4. Proceed with the repair operation.
-
- If the Emergency Repair disk is not available, use the MKSECT.ZIP utility
- which is available in Library 1 of the WINNT forum on CompuServe. If
- neither of the above are options for you, reinstall Windows NT.
-
- Microsoft Visual C++ (MMD.386 virtual device driver not loaded)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- Why do I get the following error message when I run the Microsoft Visual
- C++ compiler Windows NT?
-
- MMD.386 virtual device driver not loaded.
-
- Answer:
-
- Visual C++ requires a driver in the SYSTEM.INI file which is specific to
- Windows 3.1. You can not use the compiler in this fashion under Windows NT.
- Please refer to the MSLANG forum for more information.
-
- Microsoft Visual C++ (XXXX.EXE is not a valid Windows NT application)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Question:
-
- Why do I get the following error message when I run a Microsoft Visual C++
- utility under Windows NT?
-
- XXX.EXE is not a valid Windows NT application.
-
- Answer:
-
- Visual C++ applications require that you fix the executables in order for
- them to run correctly under Windows NT. You can get the fix from Library l
- of the MSLNG32 forum. The file is called B2FIX.EXE. It is a self-extracting
- archive and contains instructions on how to use this utility to fix the
- problem. This program is a NOT supported by Microsoft, but only provided so
- that MSVC will operate properly under Windows NT.
-
- What is Win32s?
- ---------------
-
- Question:
-
- I know what Win32 is but what is Win32s?
-
- Answer:
-
- Win32s is an operating system extension that allows Win32 applications for
- Windows NT to run on Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups. This is done
- by adding some extra DLLs to Win31 and keeping the differences between
- Windows NT and Win31 in mind while writing your Win32s code (such as
- preemptive multitasking, memory management, and security). There is a
- booklet in the Win32 SDK that covers Win32s.
-
- Recreating a Postoffice
- -----------------------
-
- Question:
-
- I deleted the WGPO subdirectory. I assumed that I would be able to recreate
- it. It turned out to not be as easy as expected. Is there any way of
- recreating my mail system short of reloading Windows NT?
-
- Answer:
-
- Yes, by editing the Registry database. CAUTION: Before editing the Registry
- database, you might want to back up (export) any mail you want to retain
- before proceeding with the following:
-
- 1. Using File Manager, delete the postoffice directory and all
- subdirectories in it. The default name of the Windows NT postoffice
- directory is WGPO and it can be located in the root directory or a
- subdirectory of any available partition on the hard disk drive.
-
- WARNING: Using Registry Editor incorrectly can cause serious, system-wide
- problems that may require you to reinstall Windows NT to correct them.
- Microsoft cannot guarantee that any problems resulting from the use of
- Registry Editor can be solved. Use this tool at your own risk.
-
- 2. Start Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE) and select the following subkey to
- highlight it:
-
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Mail\Custom Commands
-
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Mail\Custom Messages
-
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Mail\Microsoft Mail
-
- 3. Press the DELETE key on your keyboard, or choose Delete from the Edit
- menu, and then press ENTER to confirm the action. One subkey at a time.
-
- The next time you start MS Mail, you will have the option of connecting to
- an existing postoffice, or creating a new postoffice, and then continuing
- with the rest of the initial MS Mail setup.
-
- Additional reference words: 3.10 FastTips NTFAQ Q&A post office
- KBCategory:
- KBSubCategory: Q&AFASTTIPS
-
- =============================================================================
-
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- PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS
- ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES
- OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO
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- MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
- POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION
- OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
- SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY.
-
- Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1994.