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- DOCUMENT:Q93600 20-JUL-1993 [W_NT]
- TITLE :Unused Space in Sector is Zeroed Out Under Windows NT
- PRODUCT :Windows NT
- PROD/VER:3.10
- OPER/SYS:WINDOWS
- KEYWORDS:
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- The information in this article applies to:
-
- - Microsoft Windows NT operating system version 3.1
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Summary:
-
- When you create a new file, a certain amount of space is allocated for
- that file. Under Windows NT, if you do not use the entire space
- allocated, the file system returns zeros for the unused space. This
- prevents subsequent users from reading previously written and deleted
- data.
-
- Under Windows NT, the file allocation table (FAT) structure actually
- fills such unused space with zeros. Unlike FAT systems, the
- high-performance file system (HPFS) and Windows NT file system (NTFS)
- keep track of how much valid data is actually in the file.
-
- More Information:
-
- FAT Under MS-DOS
- ----------------
-
- Under MS-DOS, when a file is written to a disk, a certain amount of
- space on a given sector may be unallocated. This is because the file
- size may be less than or greater than the size of a single sector.
- In this unallocated space, there could be pre-existing data marked as
- deleted that could be read and copied by intruders. This can be
- detrimental in enviroments that want to prevent old data from being
- extracted after it is supposedly deleted.
-
- FAT Under Windows NT
- --------------------
-
- Windows NT prevents access to old data fragments by masking old data
- bits with zeros. Thus, when a sector is read into memory, Windows NT
- replaces the old data bits with zeros and prevents any intruder from
- accessing this deleted data. This replacement is done in kernel mode.
-
- NTFS and HPFS
- -------------
-
- Unlike FAT systems, HPFS and NTFS keep track of how much valid data is
- in a file. For example, if you create a 10 MB file and write 1 MB of
- data, HPFS and NTFS do not actually zero out the 9 MB of unused space
- (as the FAT system does), but are aware that this space is
- unavailable, and any disk read to the upper 9 MB returns all zeros.
-
- Additional reference words: 3.10
-
- =============================================================================
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-
- Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1993.