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- DOCUMENT:Q106166 06-NOV-1993 [W_NT]
- TITLE :Windows NT Backup and Hard Links
- PRODUCT :Windows NT
- PROD/VER:3.10
- OPER/SYS:WINDOWS
- KEYWORDS:
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- The information in this article applies to:
-
- - Microsoft Windows NT operating system version 3.1
- - Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server version 3.1
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- You may experience problems when you use the Backup program to back up
- files that are "hard linked" to each other. Note that hard links can
- only be created with POSIX applications; therefore, this will not be
- of concern for most users.
-
- MORE INFORMATION
- ================
-
- NTFS supports hard linked files for compliance with the POSIX
- specification. Applications other than POSIX applications may not
- handle hard linked files correctly in all situations.
-
- Once two files are linked together, you cannot determine which is the
- original file and which is the copy. This is because both file records
- will point to the same data on disk, and the pointer is a one-way
- link. The only information you can get about a linked file is the
- link count for that file, and the file index number, which is a 64-bit
- value that uniquely identifies that file on that volume.
-
- When the Backup program reads a file, it can determine that there are
- other links to that data, but it can't tell what the other filenames
- are.
-
- NTBackup keeps a list of all files that it backed up with link counts
- greater than one, and it stores the file index number for each one of
- these files. While it is backing up, when it comes across another file
- that has a link count greater than one, it searches its list of files,
- looking for a match of file indices. If it finds one, instead of
- writing the data streams out to the tape drive, it creates a stream of
- type BACKUP_LINK and puts information about the filename in this
- stream. It does NOT write the contents of the file to the backup tape
- more than once.
-
- When BackupWrite comes across a BACKUP_LINK stream when restoring to
- disk, it will get the information about the other filename from the
- stream and then it will set up the link. This means that if the first
- instance of a file with hard links that was encountered during the
- backup operation is no longer present during the restore operation,
- the Backup program will fail to restore the subsequent, linked
- instances of the file.
-
- Example
- -------
-
- Suppose C:\FILE1.TXT is linked with C:\SUBDIR\FILE2.TXT. If you back
- up drive C and then reformat and restore the entire drive, there will
- be no problems. The Backup program will record the contents of
- C:\FILE1.TXT and then record a link pointer for C:\SUBDIR\FILE2.TXT.
- So on restore, C:\FILE1.TXT will be written out to the disk, and
- C:\SUBDIRE\FILE2.TXT will be recreated as a link to C:\FILE1.TXT.
-
- If you were to restore only the C:\SUBDIR directory after reformatting
- drive C, however, the restore operation would find only the link
- information when it came to C:\SUBDIR\FILE2.TXT and attempt to create
- a link to C:\FILE1.TXT which does not exist, because it has not been
- restored. Therefore, the file would not be restored and an error would
- be registered in the log file for the restore operation.
-
- Additional reference words: 3.10
- KBCategory:
- KBSubCatagory: fautol
-
- =============================================================================
-
- THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE IS
- PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS
- ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES
- OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO
- EVENT SHALL MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR
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- CONSEQUENTIAL, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF
- MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
- POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION
- OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
- SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY.
-
- Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1993.