home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird
- ----------------------------
-
- Perhaps one of the most ellegant aircraft of recent times is the
- Lockheed SR- 71A Blackbird. It's unique shape means that it is easily
- identifiable, if it is seen that is. With altitude records of 85,000
- ft, and a top speed of Mach 3.17 means that people rarely have the
- chance to see it.
-
- It should be noted however that the Blackbird is far from a new plane,
- the initial contract was awarded to Lockheed in 1954, as a successor
- to the ageing U-2. The project was financed greater after the need
- for a replacement was emphasized by the shooting down of Francis Gary
- Powers on Mayday 1960 over central Russia. The design team headed by
- Kelly Johnson knew that conventional aluminium couldn't be used for
- this plane as it wouldn't withstand the stresses and temperatures
- envolved with sustained Mach 3 flight. Indeed over the engine fins,
- the temperature can rise to an amazing 1050 degrees Fahrenheit. It
- was decided to use titanium, which at the time was very difficult to
- extract and very expensive. However this didn't discourage the design
- team. Firstly the plane was designed as an interceptor, but on
- further design work it was found improbable to carry weapons with the
- amount of fuel required for long fast flights. Power is supplied to
- the Blackbird by the innovative J-58 Pratt & Whitney continous bleed
- turbojet engines. These in themselves were an engineering feat.
- Specially designed nacelles and highly complex fuel system lead to
- these engines developing an incredible 32,500 lbs thrust with full
- afterburn, which is used on the majority of flights. However this
- doesn't come cheap and the Blackbird eats 8,000 gallons an hour of
- special JP-7 high temperature fuel. The Blackbird is effectively a
- flying fuel tank with the most sophisticated spying computers in
- existence. As it flys by at Mach 3+ it certainly isn't difficult to
- spot the Blackbird.
-
- On account of its capabilities the Blackbird is said to have been used
- on many of the worlds flare points including Greek/Turkish conflict,
- and Vietnam. These planes will continue to prove very useful to the
- U.S.A.F, even if it is just in its capacity as a showpiece. It
- doesn't blend in with the rest at airshows. Certainly the Blackbird
- is a technical achievement perhaps unmatched in military aircraft
- since the Spitfire. Also it is relatively hidden to enemy radar, at
- its top speed of Mach 3.17, it only occasionally occurs on a radar
- screen as a fast moving dot, or maybe it is identified by the
- occasional sonic boom. However with the introduction of infra-red
- radar and very high speed missiles, the Blackbird is under greater
- threat, but these systems are so expensive and relatively useless that
- the Blackbird will certainly be around for a few years to come. The
- 'stealth' project in development at the moment is unlikely to knock
- the SR- 71 out of service in the near future, because the technology
- it needs to use is still somewhat in the future and completely
- untested.
-
- Some of the more interesting facts about the plane have occured from
- the Mach 3 flight that it endures:
-
- The pilots are all volunteers, and have to wear space suits similar to
- those worn by space shuttle crews and valued at around $100,000. They
- are internally refrigerated. The length of the Blackbird increases by
- 1 foot when in flight at Mach 3+.
-
- The engines are removed and cleaned after every 200 hours flying. The
- fuel tanks are cleaned and re-sealed after 200 hours, and despite this
- they still leak when they are cold. The oil used to lubricate the
- engine, is solid for a good deal of the early flight, and only becomes
- liquid after the temperature reaches 84 F. Also the cockpit window
- gets so hot, that the crew can heat tubes of food against the window
- by holding it there, the temperature can reach 400 F. The tyres are
- inflated to 400 psi with nitrogen to avoid bursting due to the heat
- changes. While at sustained Mach 3 flight, the end of the fuesalage
- glows red hot continuously.
-
- The Blackbirds operate on occasion from Kadena, Okinawa, U.S.A and
- Mildenhall, Suffolk, England, and they have an individual hangar at
- Beale Airforce base in California, where they are all based. The
- number of Blackbirds isn't known exactly, but is thought to be about
- 24. This'll certainly give a new meaning to the saying:
-
- 'Four and twenty Blackbirds.......'
-
- -----**The End**-----
-
- An insight into one of the wonders of Aerospace, written by Micro Brat
- (c) 1987. The SR-71A usually makes an appearance at the Farnborough
- and Mildenhall airshows in England each year.