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- Trouble shooting Your IBM PC
- by
- Jerry Schneider
- Capital PC User Group
-
- The IBM PC family of computers (PC, Portable, XT and AT) comes
- complete with built-in diagnostic procedures to assist a user in
- identifying many problems that may occur with any of the
- computer's components. These diagnostic procedures include:
-
- 1. A Power-On Self Test (POST) that is performed whenever a PC
- is powered up or turned on.
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- 2. General diagnostics testing that the user can perform using
- the Diagnostics Diskette and accompanying Problem Determina-
- tion Procedures (PDPs) outlined in the Guide to Operations
- manual for each system.
-
- 3. Optional advanced diagnostics testing that the user can
- perform using the Advanced Diagnostics Diskette and proce-
- dures provided in the Hardware, Maintenance and Service
- manual.
-
-
- Power-On Self Test (POST)
-
- Whenever you start up your computer, a series of tests are
- automatically performed checking various components in your
- system. This Power-On Self Test (POST) process provides error or
- warning messages whenever a faulty component is encountered. Two
- types of messages are provided: audio codes and display screen
- messages or codes.
-
- Audio codes consist of variations of sounds or beeps that
- identify the faulty component. If your computer is functioning
- normally, you will hear one short beep when the system is started
- up. If a problem is detected, a different series of audio codes
- will be sounded. These audio codes and corresponding problem
- areas are:
-
-
- Audio Code Problem Area
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- No beep, continuous beep, or Power Supply
- repeating short beeps
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- 1 long beep and 1 short beep System Board
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- 1 long beep and 2 short beeps, or Monitor adapter card and/or
- 1 short beep and blank or monitor cable and/or display
- incorrect display
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- 1 short beep and either the Drive and/or drive adapter
- red drive LED staying on or card
- Personal Computer BASIC statement
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- On the XT and AT, the POST procedures also display system memory
- as it is read. The last number displayed (640KB, for example)
- should be the total amount of memory in your system, including
- system board memory and any expansion memory.
-
- During the POST procedures, error messages or numeric codes will
- be displayed whenever a problem is detected. In most cases, the
- error code will be a three or four digit number that, when
- checked against the list provided in Table 1, will help identify
- the malfunctioning component.
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- General Diagnostics Testing
-
- Each IBM computer comes with a Guide to Operations (GTO) manual;
- this is the manual in the reddish-purple binder. The GTO includes
- a Diagnostic diskette to assist you in identifying problems that
- your computer may be having.
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- The Diagnostics diskette and corresponding Problem Determination
- Procedures (PDPs) section of the GTO manual provide step-by-step
- instructions to test the various parts of your computer system,
- including the system unit with installed options, expansion unit,
- keyboard, display, and printer. These tests should be performed
- when you first install your system, at periodic times during the
- lifetime of the system for precautionary purposes, and, of
- course, whenever errant behavior is detected or suspected.
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- To run the diagnostics tests, place a backup copy of the
- Diagnostics diskette in your A: drive and turn on your system or,
- if the system is already on, press the CTRL, ALT, and DEL keys
- simultaneously to reboot the system. The main diagnostics menu
- will be displayed with options similar to the following:
-
- 0 - SYSTEM CHECKOUT
- 1 - FORMAT DISKETTE
- 2 - COPY DISKETTE
- 3 - PREPARE SYSTEM FOR MOVING
- 4 - SETUP [AT only]
- 9 - END DIAGNOSTICS
-
- Options 0, 1, and 2 are part of the diagnostics procedures.
- Option 3, "Prepare System For Moving", is used to "park" or
- secure the heads on a hard disk so that the system unit can be
- safely moved without damaging the disk or its contents; Option 4
- is used with the AT to identify installed options when you first
- set up your system.
-
- Options 1 and 2 should be used whenever you want to check the
- operation of your floppy diskette drives or to prepare a diskette
- for use, without having to reload DOS, when performing the
- diagnostics procedures. For general testing, however, you should
- select Option 0, "System Checkout". When this option is selected,
- the system displays a list of installed options for verification
- and then provides a secondary menu of choices, similar to the
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- 2
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- following:
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- 0 - RUN TESTS ONE TIME
- 1 - RUN TESTS MULTIPLE TIMES
- 2 - LOG UTILITIES
- 3 - END SYSTEM CHECKOUT
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- Both Option 0 and 1 walk you through a series of tests that check
- each component in the system. During system testing, a three- or
- four- digit error code will be generated for each component
- tested. If no problem is found, the last two digits will be 00,
- for example 300, 900, or 1700. Table 1 is a listing of many of
- the error codes that may be generated during diagnostics testing.
-
- If an error is detected when running Option 0, it is often
- advisable to select the Log Utilities Option (2) to list any
- errors to disk or printer, and then select Option 1, Run Tests
- Multiple Times. This will help determine whether the problem is
- consistent or intermittent.
-
- While the GTO diagnostics do an excellent job at identifying
- specific problem areas or problem components, they provide
- limited assistance to correct the source of the errors. In fact,
- the information most frequently provided is to "Have your system
- unit [or problem device] serviced".
-
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- Advanced Diagnostics Testing
-
- If you are the more adventuresome type, you can purchase the IBM
- Hardware Maintenance and Service (HMS) manual for your particular
- unit (prices are around $155). While the Guide to Operations
- manual is only good for identifying a problem component, the HMS
- manual provides information to both isolate and repair any
- failure of a "Field Replaceable Unit (FRU)", that is, any part or
- component that has interchangeable replacement parts that are
- stocked by IBM or the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).
-
- The HMS includes an Advanced Diagnostics diskette and accompany-
- ing Problem Isolation Codes (PICs) instructions to isolate and
- identify problem components. To run the Advanced Diagnostics
- tests, follow the same procedures detailed in the previous
- section for General Diagnostics testing.
-
- The tests performed by the Advanced Diagnostics diskette are far
- more detailed and precise than those of the general Diagnostics
- diskette in the GTO. In addition to identifying the problem
- component, the Advanced Diagnostics further attempt to identify
- the specific part of the device that is malfunctioning.
-
- Once a problem is identified, the HMS provides detailed instruc-
- tions to perform adjustments, preventive maintenance, removal and
- replacement of the effected part. To this end, comprehensive
- hardware and design information is available, including parts
- lists that specify replacement parts numbers, and internal design
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- specifications.
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- Table 1. Listing of IBM PC Diagnostic Error Codes
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- All personal computer error codes for the Power-On Self Test,
- general Diagnostics, and Advanced Diagnostics are represented
- with the device number followed by two digits other than 00. The
- device number plus 00 indicates successful completion of the
- test. This listing is a compilation from various sources,
- including USENET's Info-IBMPC Digest, IBM Technical Reference
- Manuals, and IBM Hardware, Maintenance and Service manuals.
-
- Code Description
-
- 01x Undetermined problem errors.
- 02x Power supply errors.
- 1xx System board errors.
- 101 System board error - Interrupt failure.
- 102 System board error - Timer failure.
- 103 System board error - Timer interrupt failure.
- 104 System board error - Protected mode failure.
- 105 System board error - Last 8042 command not accepted.
- 106 System board error - Converting logic test.
- 107 System board error - Hot NMI test.
- 108 System board error - Timer bus test.
- 109 Direct memory access test error.
- 121 Unexpected hardware interrupts occurred.
- 131 Cassette wrap test failed.
- 152
- 161 System Options Error-(Run SETUP) [Battery failure].
- 162 System options not set correctly-(Run SETUP).
- 163 Time and date not set-(Run SETUP).
- 164 Memory size error-(Run SETUP).
- 199 User indicated configuration not correct.
- 2xx Memory (RAM) errors.
- 201 Memory test failed.
- 202 Memory address error.
- 203 Memory address error.
- 3xx Keyboard errors.
- 301 Keyboard did not respond to software reset correctly or
- a stuck key failure was detected. If a stuck key was
- detected, the scan code for the key is displayed in
- hexadecimal. For example, the error code 49 301
- indicates that key 73, the PgUp key has failed (49 Hex =
- 73 decimal).
- 302 User indicated error from the keyboard test or AT system
- unit keylock is locked.
- 303 Keyboard or system unit error.
- 304 Keyboard or system unit error; CMOS does not match
- system.
- 4xx Monochrome monitor errors.
- 401 Monochrome memory test, horizontal sync frequency test,
- or video test failed.
- 408 User indicated display attributes failure.
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- 416 User indicated character set failure.
- 424 User indicated 80X25 mode failure.
- 432 Parallel port test failed (monochrome adapter).
- 5xx Color monitor errors.
- 501 Color memory test failed, horizontal sync frequency
- test, or video test failed.
- 508 User indicated display attribute failure.
- 516 User indicated character set failure.
- 524 User indicated 80X25 mode failure.
- 532 User indicated 40X25 mode failure.
- 540 User indicated 320X200 graphics mode failure.
- 548 User indicated 640X200 graphics mode failure.
- 6xx Diskette drive errors.
- 601 Diskette power on diagnostics test failed.
- 602 Diskette test failed; boot record is not valid.
- 606 Diskette verify function failed.
- 607 Write protected diskette.
- 608 Bad command diskette status returned.
- 610 Diskette initialization failed.
- 611 Timeout - diskette status returned.
- 612 Bad NEC - diskette status returned.
- 613 Bad DMA - diskette status returned.
- 621 Bad seek - diskette status returned.
- 622 Bad CRC - diskette status returned.
- 623 Record not found - diskette status returned.
- 624 Bad address mark - diskette status returned.
- 625 Bad NEC seek - diskette status returned.
- 626 Diskette data compare error.
- 7xx 8087 or 80287 math coprocessor errors.
- 9xx Parallel printer adapter errors.
- 901 Parallel printer adapter test failed.
- 10xx Reserved for parallel printer adapter.
- 11xx Asynchronous communications adapter errors.
- 1101 Asynchronous communications adapter test failed.
- 12xx Alternate asynchronous communications adapter errors.
- 1201 Alternate asynchronous communications adapter test
- failed.
- 13xx Game control adapter errors.
- 1301 Game control adapter test failed.
- 1302 Joystick test failed.
- 14xx Printer errors.
- 1401 Printer test failed.
- 1404 Matrix printer failed.
- 15xx Synchronous data link control (SDLC) communications
- adapter errors.
- 1510 8255 port B failure.
- 1511 8255 port A failure.
- 1512 8255 port C failure.
- 1513 8253 timer 1 did not reach terminal count.
- 1514 8253 timer 1 stuck on.
- 1515 8253 timer 0 did not reach terminal count.
- 1516 8253 timer 0 stuck on.
- 1517 8253 timer 2 did not reach terminal count.
- 1518 8253 timer 2 stuck on.
- 1519 8273 port B error.
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- 1520 8273 port A error.
- 1521 8273 command/read timeout.
- 1522 Interrupt level 4 failure.
- 1523 Ring Indicate stuck on.
- 1524 Receive clock stuck on.
- 1525 Transmit clock stuck on.
- 1526 Test indicate stuck on.
- 1527 Ring indicate not on.
- 1528 Receive clock not on.
- 1529 Transmit clock not on.
- 1530 Test indicate not on.
- 1531 Data set ready not on.
- 1532 Carrier detect not on.
- 1533 Clear to send not on.
- 1534 Data set ready stuck on.
- 1536 Clear to send stuck on.
- 1537 Level 3 interrupt failure.
- 1538 Receive interrupt results error.
- 1539 Wrap data miscompare.
- 1540 DMA channel 1 error.
- 1541 DMA channel 1 error.
- 1542 Error in 8273 error checking or status reporting.
- 1547 Stray interrupt level 4.
- 1548 Stray interrupt level 3.
- 1549 Interrupt presentation sequence timeout.
- 16xx Display emulation errors (327x, 5520, 525x).
- 17xx Fixed disk errors.
- 1701 Fixed disk POST error.
- 1702 Fixed disk adapter error.
- 1703 Fixed disk drive error.
- 1704 Fixed disk adapter or drive error.
- 1780 Fixed disk 0 failure.
- 1781 Fixed disk 1 failure.
- 1782 Fixed disk controller failure.
- 1790 Fixed disk 0 error.
- 1791 Fixed disk 1 error.
- 18xx I/O expansion unit errors.
- 1801 I/O expansion unit POST error.
- 1810 Enable/Disable failure.
- 1811 Extender card warp test failed (disabled).
- 1812 High order address lines failure (disabled).
- 1813 Wait state failure (disabled).
- 1814 Enable/Disable could not be set on.
- 1815 Wait state failure (disabled).
- 1816 Extender card warp test failed (enabled).
- 1817 High order address lines failure (enabled).
- 1818 Disable not functioning.
- 1819 Wait request switch not set correctly.
- 1820 Receiver card wrap test failure.
- 1821 Receiver high order address lines failure.
- 19xx 3270 PC attachment card errors.
- 20xx Binary synchronous communications (BSC) adapter errors.
- 2010 8255 port A failure.
- 2011 8255 port B failure.
- 2012 8255 port C failure.
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- 2013 8253 timer 1 did not reach terminal count.
- 2014 8253 timer 1 stuck on.
- 2016 8253 timer 2 did not reach terminal count or timer 2
- stuck on.
- 2017 8251 Data set ready failed to come on.
- 2018 8251 Clear to send not sensed.
- 2019 8251 Data set ready stuck on.
- 2020 8251 Clear to send stuck on.
- 2021 8251 hardware reset failed.
- 2022 8251 software reset failed.
- 2023 8251 software "error reset" failed.
- 2024 8251 transmit ready did not come on.
- 2025 8251 receive ready did not come on.
- 2026 8251 could not force "overrun" error status.
- 2027 Interrupt failure - no timer interrupt.
- 2028 Interrupt failure - transmit, replace card or planar.
- 2029 Interrupt failure - transmit, replace card.
- 2030 Interrupt failure - receive, replace card or planar.
- 2031 Interrupt failure - receive, replace card.
- 2033 Ring indicate stuck on.
- 2034 Receive clock stuck on.
- 2035 Transmit clock stuck on.
- 2036 Test indicate stuck on.
- 2037 Ring indicate stuck on.
- 2038 Receive clock not on.
- 2039 Transmit clock not on.
- 2040 Test indicate not on.
- 2041 Data set ready not on.
- 2042 Carrier detect not on.
- 2043 Clear to send not on.
- 2044 Data set ready stuck on.
- 2045 Carrier detect stuck on.
- 2046 Clear to send stuck on.
- 2047 Unexpected transmit interrupt.
- 2048 Unexpected receive interrupt.
- 2049 Transmit data did not equal receive data.
- 2050 8251 detected overrun error.
- 2051 Lost data set ready during data wrap.
- 2052 Receive timeout during data wrap.
- 21xx Alternate binary synchronous communications adapter
- errors.
- 2110 8255 port A failure.
- 2111 8255 port B failure.
- 2112 8255 port C failure.
- 2113 8253 timer 1 did not reach terminal count.
- 2114 8253 timer 1 stuck on.
- 2115 8253 timer 2 did not reach terminal count or timer 2
- stuck on.
- 2116 8251 Data set ready failed to come on.
- 2117 8251 Clear to send not sensed.
- 2118 8251 Data set ready stuck on.
- 2119 8251 Clear to send stuck on.
- 2120 8251 hardware reset failed.
- 2121 8251 software reset failed.
- 2122 8251 software "error reset" failed.
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- 2123 8251 transmit ready did not come on.
- 2124 8251 receive ready did not come on.
- 2125 8251 could not force "overrun" error status.
- 2126 Interrupt failure - no timer interrupt.
- 2128 Interrupt failure - transmit, replace card or planar.
- 2129 Interrupt failure - transmit, replace card.
- 2130 Interrupt failure - receive, replace card or planar.
- 2131 Interrupt failure - receive, replace card.
- 2133 Ring indicate stuck on.
- 2134 Receive clock stuck on.
- 2135 Transmit clock stuck on.
- 2136 Test indicate stuck on.
- 2137 Ring indicate stuck on.
- 2138 Receive clock not on.
- 2139 Transmit clock not on.
- 2140 Test indicate not on.
- 2141 Data set ready not on.
- 2142 Carrier detect not on.
- 2143 Clear to send not on.
- 2144 Data set ready stuck on.
- 2145 Carrier detect stuck on.
- 2146 Clear to send stuck on.
- 2147 Unexpected transmit interrupt.
- 2148 Unexpected receive interrupt.
- 2149 Transmit data did not equal receive data.
- 2150 8251 detected overrun error.
- 2151 Lost data set ready during data wrap.
- 2152 Receive timeout during data wrap.
- 22xx Cluster adapter errors.
- 24xx Enhanced graphics adapter errors.
- 29xx Color matrix printer errors.
- 2901
- 2902
- 2904
- 33xx Compact printer errors.
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- p test failed (enabled).
- 1817 Hi