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-
- National Public Domain Software Archive, Lancaster University.
-
-
- Useful Commands To Get You Started
- ----------------------------------
- ? Lists the commands you can use
- help Enters interactive help system
- news micros or news kermit Latest news on micro or kermit software topics
-
- Indexes
- -------
- micros/amiga/index Commodore Amiga micros/atari/index Atari ST
- micros/bbc/index BBC Micro micros/ibmpc/index IBM PC
- micros/mac/index Apple Macintosh micros/misc/index Miscellaneous
- kermit/index.pfx Kermit tools/index Mainframe tools
-
- PEEK command change
- -------------------
- See the file ~/shell_features for details of the change. Also tools/y007 now
- contains the latest release of the peek package for UNIX systems.
-
- Downtimes
- ---------
- The NPDSA service will be unavailable on Tuesday January 0900-1000 hours, to
- allow us to install a new version of the Operating System kernel.
-
- BOO utility
- Sources for the deboo and makeboo utilities are now available in tools/y008.
-
- ? Lists available commands
- cat Displays files
- cd Changes the directory you are working in
- dir Shows you what is in a directory
- grep Searches files for a string
- help Invokes the interactive help system
- kermit Starts the Kermit program
- logout Ends your session
- ls Shows you what is in a directory
- more Displays files in paged mode
- news Displays one of the news-of-the-day files
- peek Listing of encoded packed file
- pwd Shows the name of the current directory
- search Searches files for a string
- terminal Establishes the terminal type
- type Displays files
- xmodem Download file(s) using X/Y modem protocols
- ymodem Download file(s) using Y modem protocol
-
- You may abbreviate commands to any degree provided that what you type can be
- unambiguously identified
-
- -> cd micros/ibmpc
- Current directory is 'micros/ibmpc'
-
-
- ---------******---------
-
-
-
- -> help
- Updating help indexes; please wait a moment
- THE INTERACTIVE HELP SYSTEM
-
- This is the interactive help system, which hopefully will contain answers to
- any of the questions you're likely to ask about using the software archive.
-
- If you type just the command "help", you'll see this section as the first
- display. At the end of the text, the help system will give you a list of
- sub-topics, and invite you to choose one. Type in the name of the topic and
- press return, and you'll move down to the next level. This may also have
- sub-topics which you can visit, and so on.
-
- As well as giving the name of a sub-topic to go down to a lower level, you can
- also move back up to where you were before: you do this by pressing only RETURN
- in answer to the prompt. You'll then be reminded of what other sub-topics
- there are to choose.
-
- You can also quit at any time by replying "q" to the prompt and pressing
- RETURN.
-
- You can always enter the help system in this way, and you can navigate up and
- down the system to the bit you want. After a while you might find this a bit
- tiresome, so the system lets you go directly to a sub-topic if you wish.
-
- You do this by naming the sub-topics on the way to where you want to go. As an
- example, suppose you want to look up the page on the "dir" command. If you were
- navigating one stage at a time, you'ld go from this current topic to the
- "commands" sub-topic, and from there to the "dir" sub-topic. To get there
- directly, you would type
-
- help commands dir
-
- in the command line.
-
- To help you work out these "route maps", the top line of every display gives
- you the command you would type to get directly to the topic. Thus, if the top
- line shows
-
- help basics where indexes
-
- then that's the exact command you type to get directly to that information.
-
- You can if you wish abbreviate the topics you name to any degree, provided that
- what you give can be unambiguously identified; thus you could write the above
- command as
-
- help b whe i
-
- Hopefully you'll find the system easy to use, as each sub-topic in a list has
- some text to say what it's about. For newcomers to the system, we suggest you
- go next to the "basics" sub-topic of this page, which will start you off with
- essential information. If what you need is an idea of the commands you can use
- here, go to the "commands" sub-topic.
-
- If you want to acquire the help information by FTP, you'll find it provided in
- human-readable form in a number of files in directory "help". For an up-to-date
- list of what's available, FTP the file "help/00contents".
-
- help : sub-topics are :
-
- basics Where things are, what to do, etc
- commands The commands you can use
- e-mail Contacting us by Electronic Mail
- ftp How to get files by FTP
- kermit Information specific to Kermit software
- micros Information specific to microcomputer software
- newsletters Electronic Mail newsletters
- server The mail server interface to the NPDSA
- terminals Online access to our system
-
- *** Next topic (? for help) : -> basics
-
- -> help basics
- THE BASICS - WHERE THINGS ARE, WHAT TO DO
-
- If this is the first time you've used NPDSA, then welcome, and we hope you will
- find things here to make it worthwhile. You've obviously managed to connect a
- terminal to our machine and log in successfully; now you're here we can give
- you a brief guide on what's available and what you do to get it.
-
- The sub-topics of this item will give you a quick guide to the system. Remember
- that you can always type "?" at the command prompt to get a list of available
- commands; and you can always type "help" to enter the help system.
-
- help basics : sub-topics are :
-
- how How you can get hold of it
- what What's available
- where Where we keep it
-
- *** Next topic (? for help) : what
- WHAT'S AVAILABLE
-
- What's available is a very large collection of software, which we currently
- break down into two major collections. The first collection is the Kermit
- file-transfer package; you'll find just about every known version of Kermit
- stored here, for more than 250 different micros, minis and mainframes. We keep
- the collection up-to-date with the world distribution centre at Columbia
- University in New York; if a version exists you'll almost certainly find it
- here. Also in the collection is a full set of Columbia University's Info-Kermit
- Digests, which contain much technical discussion on the subject.
-
- The second collection covers software for microcomputers (other than Kermit).
- We currently archive items for
-
- Apple Macintosh
- Atari ST
- BBC micro (6502)
- Commodore Amiga
- IBM PC
-
- We acquire software from any sources we can, and we currently archive all
- software broadcast on the UNIX Usenet network for these machines. Also in this
- collection are complete (at the time of writing) archives of IBM-PC and
- compatible software from the SIG-COMPATIBLE, PC-BLUE and COMUG user groups.
- These have been purchased on behalf of the UK Academic Community by CHEST
- (Combined Higher Education Software Team) based at Bath University, and is
- included here at their request. In addition, we archive copies of the
- Info-IBMPC, Info-MAC, Info-Amiga and Info-Atari Digests, containing technical
- discussions on these machines and their software.
-
-
- *** RETURN to continue or q to quit : help basics : sub-topics are :
-
- how How you can get hold of it
- what What's available
- where Where we keep it
-
- *** Next topic (? for help) : where
- WHERE WE KEEP IT
-
- The software archive is kept on a computer running the UNIX Operating System.
- The commands you can type are not standard UNIX ones (so don't expect standard
- UNIX things to work); however the way we've laid out the filestore is what
- you'ld expect.
-
- Everything is kept in various directories in a tree structure. Those of you
- familiar with UNIX, VAX/VMS, MS-DOS and similar systems will immediately get
- the idea; on an Apple Macintosh the analogy is with folders.
-
- As you log in, your job is set to be in the "top level" directory. The "dir"
- command (type "help commands dir" for details) will show you what files it
- contains. This is your "current working directory", and every time you name a
- file the system assumes it's in this directory unless you say otherwise.
-
- There aren't many files in the top level directory. What you will see, though,
- are more directories, two of which are called "kermit" and "micros". The Kermit
- software is held in the "kermit" directory, and the microcomputer software is
- held in the "micros" directory.
-
- You can move to other directories with the "cd" command (type "help commands
- cd" for full details). If we assume you type
-
- cd micros
-
- your current working directory changes to be the micros directory. Now if you
- use the "dir" command you'll see different files; and also a number of other
- directories, including ones called "ibmpc", "mac" and "atari".
-
- The software for each specific machine is held in the directory with its name.
- So to get a bit nearer to some IBM PC software, you can now type
-
- cd ibmpc
-
- The "dir" command again shows you some different files; there will be very few
- files, but a large number of directories, with names like "e01", "f23" and so
- on. These directories are where the actual software is held; so that finally
- you could type
-
- cd e01
-
- and now "dir" will show you the actual files containing the software.
-
- [The SIG-COMPATIBLE, PC-BLUE and COMUG archives are held under the micros/ibmpc
- directory]
-
- help basics where : sub-topics are :
-
- indexes Where the indexes are
-
- *** Next topic (? for help) : help basics : sub-topics are :
-
- how How you can get hold of it
- what What's available
- where Where we keep it
-
- *** Next topic (? for help) : how
- HOW YOU CAN GET HOLD OF IT
-
- You can acquire files from the archive in two ways. If you are at a UK
- University or Polytechnic with a connection to the JANET network, the best way
- for both you and us is to use FTP. This involves you logging in to your local
- machine and issuing a command to fetch a copy of a file from the archive. Then
- when it's on your machine, you can download it to your micro or ship it to
- where it needs to go. Ypu can type "help ftp" for detailed information on this;
- your local Computer Centre will also be able to help you (and may already have
- a sizeable subset of our archive available).
-
- If you can't use FTP, you can collect files from us in terminal sessions. For
- this you'll need to have a micro (such as an IBMPC) running as a terminal
- emulator, with some means of capturing data onto disc. You log in to our
- system, and either type the file out and store it on disc as it goes by, or,
- much better, use the Kermit file transfer program for an error-free download.
-
- Type "help terminal" to see how you can get a terminal connection to us; "help
- kermit" tells you how to run our Kermit program.
-
-
- *** RETURN to continue or q to quit :
- help basics : sub-topics are :
-
- how How you can get hold of it
- what What's available
- where Where we keep it
-
- *** Next topic (? for help) :
- help : sub-topics are :
-
- basics Where things are, what to do, etc
- commands The commands you can use
- e-mail Contacting us by Electronic Mail
- ftp How to get files by FTP
- kermit Information specific to Kermit software
- micros Information specific to microcomputer software
- newsletters Electronic Mail newsletters
- server The mail server interface to the NPDSA
- terminals Online access to our system
-
- *** Next topic (? for help) : terminals
- ACCESSING US FROM A TERMINAL
-
- The Archive can be accessed over dial-up through a modem; or via the the JANET
- or PSS networks. Once you have logged in to the service, you can look at the
- collection of files, and you can download them to your own machine using either
- Kermit or a dumb-capture mechanism.
-
- The service runs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
-
-
- ---------******---------
-
-
- -> pwd
- Current directory is 'micros/ibmpc'
- -> dir index
- Files matching pattern 'index' in directory '~/micros/ibmpc' :
-
- IBM PC PROGRAMS
-
- For IBM PC packages, we use two techniques: "BOO" encoding and "ARC" encoding.
- BOO encoding is a simple translation of one binary file into one printable
- file. ARC encoding is more complex: one ARC format file usually contains more
- than one original file, and all are converted into printable form and compacted
- to take as little space as possible. Since ARC files are themselves binary,
- they have to be processed into BOO encoding to be mounted on the archive.
-
- [NOTE: As we explain below, the ARC format used is that of the PKPAK/PKUNPAK
- utility. These cannot usually be unpacked with the utility known as ARC, but
- just to confuse things everyone still calls them "ARC" format files]
-
- Thus, actually getting a runnable package will usually involve three steps.
-
- 1. Download the files onto your IBM PC
-
- 2. Use the BOO converter utility to convert any BOO files back into their
- original form
-
- 3. If any of the resulting files are ARC format files, use the ARC
- utility to convert these, after which you'll have a set of correctly
- formatted files, all with the correct names as needed by the package.
-
- You will, of course, need to start by getting the BOO and ARC converters. These
- are stored in the "tools" sub-area of the IBM-PC archive: the steps you need to
- take are these (they look involved, but take heart: it's a once-only job)
-
- 1. Use the cd command to move to the tools area
-
- cd ~/micros/ibmpc/h99
-
- 2. Use Kermit (or your favourite terminal emulator) to download the file
-
- h99boo.bas
-
- This is a "de-BOO" program written in MS-BASIC : it's slow and
- inefficient, but you'll only need it once.
-
- 3. Download the file
-
- h99boo.boo
-
- This is a BOO-encoding of the real de-BOO utility.
-
- 4. Run the BASIC program : at the end you'll have a file called DEBOO.EXE,
- which you can use from now on to de-BOO files.
-
- 5. Download the file
-
- h99pk.boo
-
- This is a BOO encoding of the archive utility PKPAK/PKUNPAK
-
- 6. Type the command
-
- DEBOO H99PK.BOO
-
- which will produce a file called PKnnn.EXE (where "nnn" is the version
- number)
-
- 7. Issue the command
-
- PKnnn
-
- (where "nn" is the version number, as in 6 above)
-
- This will produce a set of files for the utility. You'll find one
- called PKUNPAK.EXE, which is the actual program that unpacks archives,
- and also some documentation on the system.
-
- Once you've done that, keep the files safely, and you should never need to go
- through this process again.
-
- [IMPORTANT NOTE: In earlier times, files were archived with a utility called
- ARC. This produced files that can be read without problems by PKUNPAK, so the
- methods described here will be correct. However, some packages, most noticeably
- those in the PC-BLUE, SIG-COMPATIBLE and COMUG archives, and much new stuff,
- will be archived using PKPAK. These files *cannot* be unpacked by ARC, so we
- recommend that you upgrade to PKUNPAK as soon as you can]
-
-
- *** RETURN to continue or q to quit : q
- -> cd ~/micros/ibmpc/h99
- Current directory is 'micros/ibmpc/h99'
- -> dir
- Files matching pattern '*' in directory '.' :
-
- 00contents h99.msg h99arc.msg h99boo.bas h99boo.boo
- h99boo.c h99boo.msg h99mkboo.boo h99mkboo.c h99mkboo.msg
- h99pkpak.boo h99pkpak.msg h99pkzip.boo h99pkzip.msg h99zoo.boo
- h99zoo.msg
-
- Directories matching pattern '*':
-
- -> type h99.msg
- Archive Manipulation Tools for IBM PC
- -------------------------------------
-
- Directory ibmpc/h99 contains a full set of the archive handling tools that
- you'll need to manipulate material held by NPDSA. To get files from us,
- you'll need the following tools:
-
- 1. The utility that converts from .BOO format ASCII files into whatever
- binary format the package is archived in
- 2. The appropriate archive handling program :
- PKPAK/PKUNPAK for files ending in .ARC
- PKZIP/PKUNZIP for files ending in .ZIP
- ZOO for files ending in .ZOO
-
- The programs you need are in this directory, as follows:
-
- h99boo.msg Information about the BOO file converter
- h99boo.bas A quick BOO file converter in MS-BASIC
- h99boo.boo A BOO-encoded .EXE file of the real BOO converter
- h99boo.c Source of the BOO file converter
- h99mkboo.c Source of the program that generates BOO files
-
- h99pkpak.msg Information about PKPAK
- h99pkpak.boo The PKPAK/PKUNPAK utility
-
- h99pkzip.msg Information about PKZIP
- h99pkzip.boo The PKZIP/PKUNZIP utility
-
- h99zoo.msg Information about ZOO
- h99zoo.boo The ZOO utility. You will need to have obtained PKPAK first
- in order to unpack this file
-
-
- Using the archive programs
- --------------------------
-
- There's full documentation with each of the archive programs, and it's
- recommended that you do consult it to see the full range of options. For
- simple use, though, you can do the following:
-
- PKUNPAK
-
- To unpack an ARC format file, do
-
- pkunpak filename
-
- To list the contents, do
-
- pkunpak -v filename
-
- PKUNZIP
-
- To unpack a ZIP format file, you should first look at the contents with
-
- pkunzip -v filename
-
- If the names of the files in the archive don't contain directory components,
- then you can unpack them with
-
- pkunzip filename
-
- If they do contain directory components, extract them with
-
- pkunzip -d filename
-
- which will create the necessary directory structure.
-
-
- ---------******---------
-
-
-