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COPYIT ------ Version 2.10 January 12, 1990 File Copy Utility Written by: Frank J. Condron Contech Systems P.O. Box 87542 Canton, MI 48188 INTRODUCTION ------------ COPYIT is a file copy utility designed to give you much more control over your copy operations than the DOS COPY or XCOPY commands. Features include: * COPYIT will prompt you to insert another diskette when the current diskette is full, allowing you to easily copy large subdirectories of files, * A built-in optimization system, to fill diskettes as completely as possible, * Break and Restore commands, to split huge files over multiple diskettes, * Enhanced memory usage; all available system memory is utilized for buffering, resulting in faster operation and fewer diskette swaps, * Subdirectory copy - COPYIT 2.10 can duplicate a directory structure on the target disk, or copy all of the files from a directory structure to the same target directory if desired, * A True Verify parameter that assures files have been copied correctly through the use of a 32 bit CRC system, * COPYIT can prompt you before copying each file, giving you greater control over what files are copied, * COPYIT can check to make sure no files will be overlaid, * An intelligent move parameter, to move files instead of simply copying them, * COPYIT can copy files based on date or size criteria, or that are hidden or system files * Copy files based on the archive bit, and reset that bit if desired, * Exclude files from being copied by using the familiar mask format, Copyright (c) 1988-1990 Contech Systems, all rights reserved. - 2 - REGISTRATION ------------ COPYIT is distributed and marketed under the Shareware concept. Shareware is a system that allows you to evaluate software to see if it fills your needs BEFORE you purchase it. You may freely distribute copies of COPYIT, as long as it is in the original, unmodified form. It may not, however, be bundled with other software packages without prior written permission from Contech Systems. Under the shareware system, you may freely use COPYIT for an evaluation period not to exceed thirty days. If you find it useful and continue to use it after the evaluation period, you are required to pay a registration fee of $15. Your registration entitles you to product support, future upgrades, and discounts on other Contech System products. To register, simply print and complete the registration form included with COPYIT (in the file REGISTER.FRM), enclose check or money orders payable to Contech Systems, and send to: Contech Systems P.O. Box 87542 Canton, MI 48188 ATTN: COPYIT Registration If you have any problems in executing COPYIT, please contact us at the above address. Although we cannot offer full product support unless registered, we also cannot expect someone to register if they cannot get the program to work at all! DISCLAIMER ---------- Under no circumstances shall Contech Systems or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever, including but not limited to loss of business profits or information, business interruption, or any other loss arising out of the use or inability to use this software product. COPYIT Operation ---------------- COPYIT is very easy to use. If you are familiar with the standard DOS COPY command, you can already use COPYIT in its place for standard copy operations. To take advantage of the special features of COPYIT, it is necessary to become familiar with various parameters which will be described later. COPYIT commands are entered from the DOS prompt, in the following format: - 3 - COPYIT [copyfrompath\mask] [Copytopath\mask] [/p1../pn] Copyfrompath\mask is the drive, path, and mask for the files you want to copy. Copytopath\mask is the drive, path, and mask you want the files copied to, and [/p1../pn] are the command parameters, each beginning with a '/', and separated by a space. Masks are entered in the identical format that DOS uses, including wildcards. Specifying a copyto mask will result in files being renamed as they are copied. For example, if COPYIT a:*.* c:?Z*.new were entered, the result would be that all files in the current directory on disk A would be copied to the current directory on drive C, and the files would be renamed. The new names would be the same as they originally were, except that the second letter in each name would become 'Z' and the extensions would become .NEW . For example, a file named APPLES.BAK would be copied to a file named AZPLES.NEW. Refer to your DOS manual for more information on masks and wildcards. If no copyfrom mask is specified, COPYIT will target all files in the specified subdirectory. If no copyto mask is entered, COPYIT assumes you wish to copy the files to the current drive/directory. Parameters (discussed below) are entered after the above path\mask indicators. Parameters must be preceded by a slash (/), and each must be separated by a space. Copying Many Files ------------------ Many times it is necessary to copy a number of files from a large subdirectory on a hard disk to diskettes. Using the standard DOS copy commands, this is virtually impossible - as soon as the first diskette is out of space, the copy command aborts. Typing the individual file names is inconvenient and time consuming; altering the archive bit is undesirable if you make backups. COPYIT solves this problem. Whenever the current diskette is out of space, COPYIT will prompt you to insert a new one. COPYIT will then continue where it left off. This function is always active; you do not need to specify any parameters to use it. If you do not have another diskette available, or do not want to spread the copy between multiple diskettes, you may press ESC at the prompt for another diskette - this will halt the copy operation. - 4 - Built-In Optimization --------------------- During diskette copy operations that will be spread over many diskettes, it is not always very efficient to copy the files in the exact order they appear. For example, if the directory listed (in this order) three files of sizes 75000, 10000, and 18000 bytes, DOS COPY would copy them in that order. You may have already copied many files to a diskette, and only have 45000 bytes free. If you tried to copy the above files to the diskette, DOS COPY would eventually realize the first file is too big for the remaining space and would abort. COPYIT, however, would copy the files to the diskette in whatever order necessary to fit as many files on the diskette as possible; it will then prompt you for another diskette. Thus, the 10000 byte file would be copied, then the 18000 byte file. Since no more of the remaining files (the 75000 byte one) will fit on the diskette, you would then be prompted to insert another. Enhanced Memory Usage --------------------- COPYIT now makes use of more system memory for buffering to speed copy operations and reduce the number of diskette swaps that need to be performed. The actual amount used can be controlled through the use of parameters, if necessary (see the /f parameter, below). Aborting a File Copy -------------------- Pressing the escape key (ESC) at any time during a copy operation will halt it. Under most circumstances this takes place immediately, but may take a few seconds depending on what internal operations that COPYIT is performing. - 5 - Break and Restore Commands -------------------------- Have you ever needed to give a friend or co-worker a copy of a file, only to find it is too large to fit on a single diskette? Using COPYIT, you can break the file over multiple diskettes, and later use the Restore command to return the file to its original condition. Breaking Files To break large files over many diskettes, simply use COPYIT as you would for any copy operation, but add the '/b' parameter. This tells COPYIT that it should plan on copying any files too large for a single diskette onto more that one. The '/b' parameter is not even really necessary - if the copy path/mask entered includes a file that is too large for a single diskette, COPYIT will warn you and prompt you for whether it should be broken over many diskettes or not. Things to remember when breaking files: - For obvious reasons, COPYIT cannot break files when the target is a hard drive - COPYIT always processes files being broken last - The diskettes that the file is being broken onto need not be empty, but COPYIT will not split a file onto a diskette that has less then 4K (4096 bytes) of free disk space Each diskette that COPYIT uses will contain what is referred to as a "portion file." Each portion file is named as follows: <primaryname>._NN As shown above, the portion files are named the same as the original filename, but have a COPYIT-generated extension (the part after the period). This extension consists of an underscore (_), and a number ranging from 01 to 99, referring to which portion file it is. The first eighty bytes of each portion file contains information that COPYIT uses to restore the file. Restoring Files When restoring files that have been previously broken, COPYIT operates in a much more rigid fashion than when copying files or splitting them. When restoring a file, the basic format for COPYIT execution is the same, except for two differences. First, no copyfrom mask is allowed - the path and primary name (the part before the period) must be explicitly entered. The second difference is that the '/r' parameter is added. When this parameter is specified, COPYIT enters Restore Mode. When in Restore Mode, all other parameters are ignored. - 6 - Things to remember when restoring files: - COPYIT will only restore one file per execution - The file will be restored to it's original filename (the name it had BEFORE it was broken), unless a copyto mask has been specified - Files can only be restored to a hard drive. The portion files used in the restore can be on diskettes or on a hard disk. See the examples at the end of this documentation for reference. Log Files --------- COPYIT 2.10 has added support for log files. Log files contain detailed information about COPYIT operations that you can use later to review what has taken place. Information such as date and time executed, parameters, files copied and their destinations, error messages, reasons why files were bypassed, and more is included in the logfile. For more information, see '/L - Log Files' below. Environment Variables --------------------- COPYIT 2.10 now has support for environment variables. The "environment" is a reserved area in memory for information that is accessible by any program. It is a useful place to store small pieces of information that often-run programs use. The environment area consists of variables of the form: <variable name>=<data> These variables are created/altered through the use of the SET command. If you type SET with no parameters, all of the environment variables are listed out. If you try this now, you should see at least one environment variable; COMSPEC. COMSPEC is a variable used by DOS to keep track of where to find the program COMMAND.COM. To add or change environment variables, enter: SET <variable name> = <data> COPYIT utilizes environment variables to hold parameter information that you often, or always, wish to have COPYIT use. For example, if you almost always enter the parameters '/z:5000- /p /m' you may get tired typing this many times. Instead, you could create an environment variable to hold this information by doing the following: - 7 - SET MYPARM=/z:5000- /p /m You can either type this in at the DOS prompt, or enter it as a line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file so it will always exist in the environment. Then, when you wish to use these parms with COPYIT, simply add the following parameter when you execute COPYIT: m The '/e:' is described below in the parameter description section. More than one environment variable can be used at a time, subject to the following rules: - When duplicate parameters are entered, COPYIT processes the first it finds, and ignores the duplicates. - COPYIT processes entries on the command line (i.e. not in environment variables) before it processes the environment variables. The environment variables are then processed in the order they have been entered when COPYIT was executed. COPYIT uses two special, optional environment variables, 'COPYIT' and 'COPYLOG.' Their uses are as follows: COPYIT: If this environment variable exists, COPYIT will automatically use it whenever it is executed. You do not need to enter '/e:copyit' to utilize it. This variable is always processed after the command line and all other environment variables. COPYLOG: This variable tells COPYIT what file to use for a log file (see the section on logfiles above). It is processed differently than described in the rules above; if it exists, COPYIT will immediately use it to open a logfile. This has advantages over using the '/l' parameter described earlier - since the logfile is opened before any other parameters are processed, you can be sure that any parameter error descriptions will be included in the logfile. Also, if you always wish to use a logfile, this variable saves you from repetitiously typing in the '/l' parameter, or entering it into the 'COPYIT' environment variable. The format for the data portion of the COPYLOG variable is the same as for the '/l' parameter described above, although you may optionally leave off the '/l:' before the filename. For more information on the environment and the SET command, please refer to your DOS manual. - 8 - Parameters ---------- Parameters are the heart of COPYIT. If you don't use them, the main thing you gain over the DOS COPY command is the prompt for inserting another target diskette if there is not enough space to copy everything specified, and the built-in diskette optimization. /a - copy based on file archive bit. /b - break large files over multiple diskettes /c - check for overlay before copying. /d - copy based on file date. /e - utilize environment variables (registered version only) /f - limit number of 4K buffers allocated /h - copy Hidden files. /l - keep detailed log file of copy operation. /m - move files. /p - prompt as to whether a file should be copied. /q - quiet operation; suppress all beeps /r - restore files split over multiple diskettes /s - copy child subdirectories also /sys - copy System files. /t - place current date and time on copied files. /oa - assign copied files the same attribute as the original files. /v - perform DOS Verify while copying. /vt - perform 32 bit CRC True Verification while copying. /x - exclude files from the copy operation. /z - copy based on file size. /# - show copy operation information before executing /^ - scroll prompt and overlay files /@ - reset archive bit on files copied. You can see this summary at any time by entering COPYIT with no other parameters from the DOS prompt. Parameters may be entered in any order, as long as they follow the copyfrom and copyto (if any) path/masks. If you make any errors in entering parameters, COPYIT will respond with messages describing what is wrong. If COPYIT detects any errors with input parameters, NO copying will take place. - 9 - Parameter Definitions: ---------------------- /A - Copy Based on Archive Bit : Format: /a[+-] Use: Whenever a file is created or modified, DOS turns on an indicator called the archive bit. Backup programs normally reset this bit so that it is easy to determine what files have changed since the last backup. COPYIT normally ignores the archive bit, copying the file regardless of its setting. With the /a parameter, however, you can perform copies based on the archive bit. Specifying a plus (+) sign after the parameter tells COPYIT to only copy files that have the archive bit set (or turned on, indicating the file has been created or modified). Specifying a minus (-) does the opposite; COPYIT will only copy files that have an archive bit that is off. SEE ALSO: Reset Archive Bit Parameter below (/@) /B - Break Files : Format: /b Use: This parameter instructs COPYIT to break large files that cannot fit onto single diskettes over many. See the section "Break and Restore" above. SEE ALSO: Restore Parameter below (/r) /C - Check for Overlay : Format: /c or /c- Use: Normally, COPYIT operates much like the DOS COPY command when copying a file to a disk or subdirectory where an identical filename exists; it overwrites the old file. If you are not sure what exists in the drive or subdirectory that you are copying to, or if you just want to know what is being overlaid, specify the /c parameter. COPYIT will then check if a duplicate filename exists before copying the file. If it does, you will be prompted as to whether or not the file should be overlaid. The /c- command operates in a similar fashion, except that COPYIT will not prompt you as to whether or not the file in question should be overlaid - COPYIT assumes you do NOT want to overlay the file. - 10 - /D - Copy based on File Date : Format: /d:[date][+-] Use: This parameter causes COPYIT to select files for copying based upon the date the file was created or last modified. After the '/d:' the date you wish to test against should be entered. Immediately after the date, either a plus (+), indicating all files with dates equal to or later than the test date, or a minus (-), indicating all files with dates equal to or before the test date, must be entered. The date may be entered with or without leading zeros. Slashes, or any other non-numeric, non-space character my be substituted for dashes in the date. For example, to copy all files with dates of August 9, 1988, or later, all of the following are valid: /d:08-09-88+ /d:8/9/88+ /d:08/9-88+ Similarly, to copy all files created/modified on or after November 1, 1988, enter: /d:11.1.88- or /d:11-01-88- or /d:11/1/88- /E - Environment Variables : Format: /e:<variable name> Use: The /e parameter tells copyit to process the data contained within the environment variable <variable name> as if it had been typed in on the command line when COPYIT was executed. See the section 'Environment Variables,' above. /F - Limit Buffers : Format: /f:nn Use: This parameter tells COPYIT to limit the number of 4K buffers allocated to nn (any positive integer). If this parameter is not used, COPYIT allocates as many buffers as possible. If for some reason you find you need to limit how much RAM COPYIT uses, this parameter is available. - 11 - /H - Hidden Files : Format: /h Use: Through DOS, a file can be marked as hidden. Such a file is not shown when a directory command is given. COPYIT normally ignores such files, but will include them in the copy operation if this parameter is specified. SEE ALSO: Copy System File Parameter (/sys) /L - Log Files : Format: /l:<filename>[+] Use: When this parameter is specified, COPYIT opens and uses a log file, as described in the Log File section above. <filename> can be any valid path/filename combination. If a plus sign (+) follows the filename, COPYIT will append the new information to the end of the file if it exists; if it does not exist, then the file is created. If no plus sign follows the filename, COPYIT will create a new file, deleting any old logfile information. SEE ALSO: Environment Variables Section, above. /M - Move Files : Format: /m Use: This parameter causes the files to be moved. If moving from one disk to another, the file is first copied, then the original is deleted. If the file is being moved between subdirectories on the same disk, it is simply renamed. If True Verification (/vt, see description) is active and a file fails verification, the original file will NOT be deleted. /OA - Original Attribute : Format: /oa Use: Normally, COPYIT assigns the standard attribute value of 32 to copied files. This indicates that the file is a normal file that has recently been changed. If you wish the copied files to have the exact same attributes as the original files (i.e. Hidden, System, Read-Only), specify this command. For more information on attributes, please consult your DOS manual. - 12 - /P - Prompt : Format: /p Use: When this parameter is specified, COPYIT will prompt you as to whether or not the file should be copied. You will not be prompted for any files that fail other selection criteria. /Q - Quiet Operation : Format: /q Use: Normally, COPYIT issues beeps to indicate that some action is needed (diskette swaps and other prompts). If you do not wish to hear these beeps, this parameter will silence them. /R - Restore Files : Format: /r Use: Specifying this tells COPYIT to enter Restore Mode to restore a file broken with the '/b' parameter. All other parameters are ignored while in Restore Mode. See the section "Break and Restore" above. SEE ALSO: Break File Parameter above (/b) /S - Subdirectory Copy : Format: /s OR /s- Use: Specifying /s tells COPYIT that you wish to copy the files in all of the subdirectories below the specified copyfrom subdirectory. If a minus sign (-) is directly after the /s COPYIT will copy all of the files to the target disk and directory that you specified when COPYIT was executed. If there is no minus sign, then COPYIT will "mirror" the subdirectories. This means that all of the subdirectories below the specified copyfrom sub- directory will be created on target disk, below the target directory. For example, if you have the following directory structure on drive C: \──┐ ├──BATLIB │ └──OLDFILES──┬──BACKUPS │ └──JUNK - 13 - and the following directory structure on drive A: \──┐ ├──MYSTUFF │ └──SAVEIT and you executed COPYIT as follows: COPYIT c:\oldfiles\*.* a:\saveit /s the final result would be that drive A: would have a directory structure of: \──┐ ├──MYSTUFF │ └──SAVEIT──┬──BACKUPS │ └──JUNK Directory A:\SAVEIT would contain all of the files that C:\OLDFILES has, and the directories A:\SAVEIT\BACKUPS, and A:\SAVEIT\JUNK would contain the same files as C:\OLDFILES\BACKUPS and C:\OLDFILES\JUNK, respectively. It is important to note that if the ENTIRE subdirectory structure cannot be "mirrored" in this fashion onto a single disk, COPYIT will print an error message and halt. The second use, with the minus sign, copies files from all of the subdirectories to a single target. If the following were entered: COPYIT c:\oldfiles\*.* a: /s- all of the files in directories C:\OLDFILES, C:\OLDFILES\BACKUPS, and C:\OLDFILES\JUNK would be copied to drive A: If there is not enough space to copy all of the files to a single diskette, you will be prompted for another. In this case, it is important to note that COPYIT does not watch out for identical filenames being overwritten - if the file XYZ.COM existed in C:\OLDFILES and in C:\OLDFILES\JUNK, COPYIT will copy both files. If both happen to be copied to the same diskette, the second version will overwrite the first. Use of the /c (check for overlay) parameter will not help - /c only checks that files existing BEFORE the copy operation started are not overlaid. - 14 - /SYS - System Files : Format: /sys Use: System files, much like hidden files, are normally ignored by COPYIT. Specifying this parameter will cause COPYIT to process them. SEE ALSO: Copy Hidden Files Parameter above (/h) WARNING: Previous versions of COPYIT used "/s" to execute this parameter. Please make note of the change. Entering /s performs a completely different function. See "/S - Subdirectory Copy" below. /T - Time Stamp Copied Files : Format: /t Use: When COPYIT copies files it normally does not change the time/date stamp on the copies. If the /t parameter is used, the current system data and time will placed in the directory entry for the file. The original files' time and date are never changed. /V - Verify During Copy : Format: /v Use: Specifying this parameter causes COPYIT to use the standard DOS VERIFY to check each write to the disk. This is a time consuming process - expect COPYIT to take twice as long when /v is used. If files are simply being renamed (this occurs when /m is specified, and files are being moved to different subdirectories on the same disk), a message is printed and the /v parameter is ignored. SEE ALSO: TrueVerify Parameter below (/vt) /VT - True Verify During Copy : Format: /vt Use: This parameter instructs COPYIT to utilize a 32 bit Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) to assure that the files were copied correctly. The original file is compared to the copy much more thoroughly than normal. This, like the /v parameter, is time consuming. If files are simply being renamed, a message is printed and the /vt parameter is ignored. SEE ALSO: Verify Parameter above (/v) - 15 - /X - Exclude files : Format: /x:[mask] Use: Earlier, it was explained how you can specify a mask to instruct COPYIT as to what files it is to copy. This command allows you to specify a mask to tell COPYIT what files NOT to copy. To use this parameter, simply enter a COPYIT command as normal, but add the exclude command in the format shown. For example, to copy all files in the current subdirectory except for those ending with .BAT, simply do the following: copyit *.* a: /x:*.bat Up to five exclude commands can be specified. As another example, if you wanted to copy all files in the current subdirectory to drive A:, but didn't want to copy any files with filenames beginning with the letter "C" or "D", or the file "COMMAND.COM," execute the following: copyit *.* a: /x:c*.* /x:d*.* /x:command.com /Z - Copy based on File Size : Format: /z:[nnnn][+-] Use: This parameter allows you to specify copying based upon file size. The format is as shown, with [nnnn] equal to the file size to be tested against (this can be any integer). The file size is then followed by either a plus (+) telling COPYIT to copy all files equal to or greater than the file size specified, or a minus (-), telling COPYIT to copy all files equal to or less than the filesize specified. For example: /z:22000+ would cause all files equal to or greater than 22000 bytes to be copied, while /z:1000000- specifies that only files equal to or less than 1,000,000 bytes are to be copied. - 16 - /# - Display Size Information : Format: /# Use: When COPYIT executes, it normally displays information on total number of files to be copied and total bytes involved, then begins the copy operation. When this parameter is specified, COPYIT will pause after the information is displayed and prompt you as to whether you wish to continue the copy operation. /^ - Scroll Prompt and Overlay Selections : Format: /^ Use: When you specify the Prompt (/p) or the Check for Overlay (/c) parameters, COPYIT displays the filename and prompts you for information (see the /p and /c descriptions). After you enter information, COPYIT displays the next filename over the previous one. This keeps information that was on the screen before you executed COPYIT from scrolling off of the screen when you are prompted for a large number of files. There are times, however, when you want the prompt and over- lay file names to scroll, so that you may review them. If you wish these filenames to scroll on your screen, instead of being overlaid by subsequent file prompts, enter this parameter. /@ - Reset Archive Bit : Format: /@ Use: As described under the /a (copy based on archive bit) parameter, the archive bit indicates whether a file has been created/modified since the last backup. If you want COPYIT to reset the archive bit on each file it copies, the /@ parameter is used. SEE ALSO: Copy Based on Archive Bit above (/a) WARNING: Most backup utilities perform incremental backups based upon the settings of the archive bit. If the archive bit has been reset through the use of COPYIT (or any other utility), your incremental backups may not contain all of the files that have been modified/created since your last backup. - 17 - EXAMPLES: copyit a:*.* OR copyit a: Copies all files in the current directory of drive A: to the current directory in which the command was issued. copyit *.* \data /c /p Copies all files in the current subdirectory to subdirectory \DATA, prompting for each file copy, and warning if any files in \DATA will be overlaid. copyit ABC.TXT HELLO.TXT /m Since no copyfrom or copyto paths are specified, and move (/m) is indicated, the file ABC.TXT is simply renamed to HELLO.TXT. copyit \data\*.bak d:\olddata\*.old /c /m /d:11-1-88 /v Moves all files with extensions of .BAK from directory \DATA to drive D:, subdirectory \OLDDATA. The files' extensions are renamed to .OLD, and a warning is issued if any similarly named files exist in \OLDDATA. Only files created or last modified on or after November 1, 1988 are moved. Lastly, each file copy is verified. copyit c:\db\*.* a: /b Copy all files in C:\DB to drive a: - if any are too big to fit on a single diskette, break them onto many diskettes. copyit a:maildb.dat c:\data /r Since '/r' is specified, COPYIT enters Restore Mode. The copyfrom extension (.dat) is ignored, and COPYIT checks drive A: for the first portion file needed, MAILDB._01 If this file is not found, you are prompted to insert the diskette containing it. Once it is found, restoration begins. You will be prompted whenever a new diskette is needed. - 18 - copyit a:maildb.dat c:\data\mail.big /r This example does exactly the same thing as the above does, except the file is restored as a file named MAIL.BIG - 19 -