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- This article is reprinted from the January 1991 edition of
- TechNotes/dBASE IV. Due to the limitations of this media, certain
- graphic elements such as screen shots, illustrations and some tables
- have been omitted. Where possible, reference to such items has been
- deleted. As a result, continuity may be compromised.
-
- TechNotes is a monthly publication from the Ashton-Tate Software
- Support Center. For subscription information, call 800-545-9364.
-
- Summed Summaries
- Joel Saltzman
-
- The normal function of summary fields in dBASE IV reports is to
- aggregate data from individual records in a database or view.
- However, there can be times when one would like to summarize group
- summary information. Consider these two examples: a sales manager who
- wants to average the number of separate sales for each salesperson and
- a production foreman who wants to see the work group that has produced
- the most units. At first look, the report generator appears that it
- would have a difficult time producing the summary of group summaries.
- But it can be done, without any modification to the REPORT.COD
- template file or the dBASE IV source code file (the name of your
- report with the .FRG extension).
-
- 1. First you need to create a grouped report which contains a
- summary field in the group summary band. The summary field must have
- a name (you are allowed to have unnamed summary and calculated fields)
- and may be either hidden or visible.
-
- 2. Create a hidden calculated field in the group summary band.
- The caclulated field must have a unique name. The expression for this
- caclulated field will be the name of the summary field created in step
- 1.
-
- 3. In the Report summary band, create a summary field. The field
- to summarize on will be the hidden calculated field defined in step 2.
-
- Now we can apply this method to our examples. For the first scenario,
- the sales manager report, index the database by salesperson. Each
- record in the database represents one sale. Group the report by
- salesperson. In the Group Summary band, create a summary field with
- the operation of "COUNT". For this example, the field is given the
- name "CNTSALE1".
-
- Next, create a hidden calculated field by the name of "CNTSALE2" in
- the Group Summary band. The expression for this new field will be
- CNTSALE1, which contains the number of sales for a salesperson. In
- the report summary band, create a summary field with the "AVERAGE"
- operation. The field to summarize on will be CNTSALE2, the hidden
- calculated field from the group summary band.
-
- The second scenario would involve first indexing the database by a
- field such as the work group code shown in the simple database
- structure below.
-
- Field Name Type Length Decimals Index
-
-
- WORK_GROUP C 15
- Y
- PRODUCTION N 10 2
- N
- ...
-
- The report should be grouped by this indexed field. A summary field,
- "SUMGRP1", will be created in the Ggroup Summary band with the "SUM"
- operation. The next step is to create "SUMGRP2", a hidden calculated
- field also in the Group Summary band. The expression for this field
- will be SUMGRP1, which represents the total production for a work
- group. We now move to the Report Summary band. You can now create a
- summary field, using the "MAX" operation to find the greatest of each
- work group's total production. Use SUMGRP2 as the field to summarize
- on.
-
- This is just another example of the wonderful uses of calculated
- fields in reports to accomplish difficult tasks. With a little
- applied innovation, there are undoubtedly many tasks you can handle.
- s
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-