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- ;;; New backquote for GNU Emacs.
- ;;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1992, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- ;; Author: Rick Sladkey <jrs@world.std.com>
- ;; Maintainer: FSF
- ;; Keywords: extensions, internal
-
- ;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs but is distributed under
- ;; the same conditions as GNU Emacs.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
- ;; any later version.
-
- ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
- ;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-
- ;; This is a new backquote for GNU Emacs written by
- ;; Rick Sladkey <jrs@world.std.com>. It has the following
- ;; features compared to the version 18 backquote:
-
- ;; Correctly handles nested backquotes.
- ;; Correctly handles constants after a splice.
- ;; Correctly handles top-level atoms and unquotes.
- ;; Correctly handles unquote after dot.
- ;; Understands vectors.
- ;; Minimizes gratuitous consing.
- ;; Faster operation with simpler semantics.
- ;; Generates faster run-time expressions.
- ;; One third fewer calories than our regular beer.
-
- ;; This backquote will generate calls to the backquote-list* form.
- ;; Both a function version and a macro version are included.
- ;; The macro version is used by default because it is faster
- ;; and needs no run-time support. It should really be a subr.
-
- ;;; Code:
-
- (provide 'backquote)
-
- ;; function and macro versions of backquote-list*
-
- (defun backquote-list*-function (first &rest list)
- "Like `list' but the last argument is the tail of the new list.
-
- For example (backquote-list* 'a 'b 'c) => (a b . c)"
- (if list
- (let* ((rest list) (newlist (cons first nil)) (last newlist))
- (while (cdr rest)
- (setcdr last (cons (car rest) nil))
- (setq last (cdr last)
- rest (cdr rest)))
- (setcdr last (car rest))
- newlist)
- first))
-
- (defmacro backquote-list*-macro (first &rest list)
- "Like `list' but the last argument is the tail of the new list.
-
- For example (backquote-list* 'a 'b 'c) => (a b . c)"
- (setq list (reverse (cons first list))
- first (car list)
- list (cdr list))
- (if list
- (let* ((second (car list))
- (rest (cdr list))
- (newlist (list 'cons second first)))
- (while rest
- (setq newlist (list 'cons (car rest) newlist)
- rest (cdr rest)))
- newlist)
- first))
-
- (defalias 'backquote-list* (symbol-function 'backquote-list*-macro))
-
- ;; A few advertised variables that control which symbols are used
- ;; to represent the backquote, unquote, and splice operations.
-
- (defvar backquote-backquote-symbol '`
- "*Symbol used to represent a backquote or nested backquote (e.g. `).")
-
- (defvar backquote-unquote-symbol ',
- "*Symbol used to represent an unquote (e.g. `,') inside a backquote.")
-
- (defvar backquote-splice-symbol ',@
- "*Symbol used to represent a splice (e.g. `,'@) inside a backquote.")
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defmacro backquote (arg)
- "Argument STRUCTURE describes a template to build.
-
- The whole structure acts as if it were quoted except for certain
- places where expressions are evaluated and inserted or spliced in.
-
- For example:
-
- b => (ba bb bc) ; assume b has this value
- \(` (a b c)) => (a b c) ; backquote acts like quote
- \(` (a (, b) c)) => (a (ba bb bc) c) ; insert the value of b
- \(` (a (,@ b) c)) => (a ba bb bc c) ; splice in the value of b
-
- Vectors work just like lists. Nested backquotes are permitted."
- (cdr (backquote-process arg)))
-
- ;; GNU Emacs has no reader macros
-
- ;;;###autoload
- (defalias '` (symbol-function 'backquote))
-
- ;; backquote-process returns a dotted-pair of a tag (0, 1, or 2) and
- ;; the backquote-processed structure. 0 => the structure is
- ;; constant, 1 => to be unquoted, 2 => to be spliced in.
- ;; The top-level backquote macro just discards the tag.
-
- (defun backquote-process (s)
- (cond
- ((vectorp s)
- (let ((n (backquote-process (append s ()))))
- (if (= (car n) 0)
- (cons 0 s)
- (cons 1 (cond
- ((eq (nth 1 n) 'list)
- (cons 'vector (nthcdr 2 n)))
- ((eq (nth 1 n) 'append)
- (cons 'vconcat (nthcdr 2 n)))
- (t
- (list 'apply '(function vector) (cdr n))))))))
- ((atom s)
- (cons 0 (if (or (null s) (eq s t) (not (symbolp s)))
- s
- (list 'quote s))))
- ((eq (car s) backquote-unquote-symbol)
- (cons 1 (nth 1 s)))
- ((eq (car s) backquote-splice-symbol)
- (cons 2 (nth 1 s)))
- ((eq (car s) backquote-backquote-symbol)
- (backquote-process (cdr (backquote-process (nth 1 s)))))
- (t
- (let ((rest s)
- item firstlist list lists expression)
- ;; Scan this list-level, setting LISTS to a list of forms,
- ;; each of which produces a list of elements
- ;; that should go in this level.
- ;; The order of LISTS is backwards.
- ;; If there are non-splicing elements (constant or variable)
- ;; at the beginning, put them in FIRSTLIST,
- ;; as a list of tagged values (TAG . FORM).
- ;; If there are any at the end, they go in LIST, likewise.
- (while (consp rest)
- ;; Turn . (, foo) into (,@ foo).
- (if (eq (car rest) backquote-unquote-symbol)
- (setq rest (list (list backquote-splice-symbol (nth 1 rest)))))
- (setq item (backquote-process (car rest)))
- (cond
- ((= (car item) 2)
- (if (null firstlist)
- (setq firstlist list
- list nil))
- (if list
- (setq lists (cons (backquote-listify list '(0 . nil)) lists)))
- (setq lists (cons (cdr item) lists))
- (setq list nil))
- (t
- (setq list (cons item list))))
- (setq rest (cdr rest)))
- ;; Handle nonsplicing final elements, and the tail of the list
- ;; (which remains in REST).
- (if (or rest list)
- (setq lists (cons (backquote-listify list (backquote-process rest))
- lists)))
- ;; Turn LISTS into a form that produces the combined list.
- (setq expression
- (if (or (cdr lists)
- (eq (car-safe (car lists)) backquote-splice-symbol))
- (cons 'append (nreverse lists))
- (car lists)))
- ;; Tack on any initial elements.
- (if firstlist
- (setq expression (backquote-listify firstlist (cons 1 expression))))
- (if (eq (car-safe expression) 'quote)
- (cons 0 (list 'quote s))
- (cons 1 expression))))))
-
- ;; backquote-listify takes (tag . structure) pairs from backquote-process
- ;; and decides between append, list, backquote-list*, and cons depending
- ;; on which tags are in the list.
-
- (defun backquote-listify (list old-tail)
- (let ((heads nil) (tail (cdr old-tail)) (list-tail list) (item nil))
- (if (= (car old-tail) 0)
- (setq tail (eval tail)
- old-tail nil))
- (while (consp list-tail)
- (setq item (car list-tail))
- (setq list-tail (cdr list-tail))
- (if (or heads old-tail (/= (car item) 0))
- (setq heads (cons (cdr item) heads))
- (setq tail (cons (eval (cdr item)) tail))))
- (cond
- (tail
- (if (null old-tail)
- (setq tail (list 'quote tail)))
- (if heads
- (let ((use-list* (or (cdr heads)
- (and (consp (car heads))
- (eq (car (car heads))
- backquote-splice-symbol)))))
- (cons (if use-list* 'backquote-list* 'cons)
- (append heads (list tail))))
- tail))
- (t (cons 'list heads)))))
-
- ;; backquote.el ends here
-