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- ***********************
- * Syndecans signature *
- ***********************
-
- Syndecans [1,2] (from the greek syndein; to bind together) are a family of
- transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans which are implicated in the
- binding of extracellular matrix components and growth factors. Syndecans bind
- a variety of molecules via their heparan sulfate chains and can act as
- receptors or a co-receptors.
-
- Structurally, these proteins consist of four separate domains:
-
- a) A signal sequence;
- b) An extracellular domain (ectodomain) of variable length and whose sequence
- is not evolutionary conserved in the various forms of syndecans. The
- ectodomain contains the sites of attachment of the heparan sulfate
- glycosaminoglycan side chains;
- c) A transmembrane region;
- d) A highly conserved cytoplasmic domain of about 30 to 35 residues which
- could interact with cytoskeletal proteins.
-
- The proteins known to belong to this family are:
-
- - Syndecan 1.
- - Syndecan 2 or fibroglycan.
- - Syndecan 3 or neuroglycan or N-syndecan.
- - Syndecan 4 or amphiglycan or ryudocan.
-
- The signature pattern that we developed for syndecans starts with the last
- residue of the transmembrane region and includes the first 10 residues of the
- cytoplasmic domain. It contains a tyrosine which is a candidate
- phosphorylation site.
-
- -Consensus pattern: Y-R-M-[KR]-K(2)-D-E-G-S-Y
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: June 1994 / First entry.
-
- [ 1] Bernfield M., Kokenyesi R., Kato M., Hinkes M.T., Spring J., Gallo R.L.,
- Lose E.J.
- Annu. Rev. Cell Biol 8:365-393(1992).
- [ 2] David G.
- FASEB J. 7:1023-1030(1993).
-