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- **********************************
- * Calreticulin family signatures *
- **********************************
-
- Calreticulin [1] (also known as calregulin, CRP55 or HACBP) is a high-capacity
- calcium-binding protein which is present in most tissues and located
- at the periphery of the endoplasmic (ER) and the sarcoplamic reticulum (SR)
- membranes. It probably plays a role in the storage of calcium in the lumen of
- the ER and SR and it may well have other important functions. Structurally,
- calreticulin is a protein of about 400 amino acid residues consisting of
- three domains:
-
- a) An N-terminal, probably globular, domain of about 180 amino acid residues
- (N-domain);
- b) A central domain of about 70 residues (P-domain) which contains three
- repeats of an acidic 17 amino acid motif. This region binds calcium with a
- low-capacity, but a high-affinity;
- c) A C-terminal domain rich in acidic residues and in lysine (C-domain). This
- region binds calcium with a high-capacity but a low-affinity.
-
- Calreticulin is evolutionary related to the following proteins:
-
- - Onchocerca volvulus antigen RAL-1. RAL-1 is highly similar to calreticulin,
- but possesses a C-terminal domain rich in lysine and arginine and lacks
- acidic residues and is therefore not expected to bind calcium in that
- region.
- - Calnexin [2]. A calcium-binding protein that interacts with newly
- synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. It seems to play a
- major role in the quality control apparatus of the ER by the retention of
- incorrectly folded proteins.
-
- We developed three signature patterns for this family of proteins. The first
- two patterns are based on conserved regions in the N-domain; the third pattern
- corresponds to positions 4 to 16 of the repeated motif in the P-domain.
-
- -Consensus pattern: Q-[FY]-x-[LIVM]-[KRN]-x-[DEQN]-[DEQNK]-x(3)-C-G-G-[AG]-
- [FY]-[LIVM]-K-[LIVMFY](2)
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVM](2)-F-G-P-D-x-C-[AG]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [IV]-x-D-x-[DENST]-x(2)-K-P-[DEH]-D-W-[DEN]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Michalak M., Milner R.E., Burns K., Opas M.
- Biochem. J. 285:681-692(1992).
- [ 2] Bergeron J.J.M., Brenner M.B., Thomas D.Y., Williams D.B.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:124-128(1994).
-