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- **********************************************************************
- * Guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulators CDC25 family signature *
- **********************************************************************
-
- Ras proteins are membrane-associated molecular switches that bind GTP and GDP
- and slowly hydrolyze GTP to GDP [1]. The balance between the GTP bound
- (active) and GDP bound (inactive) states is regulated by the opposite action
- of proteins activating the GTPase activity and that of proteins which promote
- the loss of bound GDP and the uptake of fresh GTP [2,3]. The latter proteins
- are known as guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs) (or also as
- guanine-nucleotide releasing (or exchange) factors (GRFs)). Proteins that act
- as GDS can be classified into at least two families, on the basis of sequence
- similarities. One of these families is currently known to group the proteins
- listed below (references are only provided for recently determined
- sequences):
-
- - CDC25 from yeast.
- - SCD25 from yeast.
- - ste6 from fission yeast.
- - Son of sevenless (gene sos) from Drosophila.
- - p140-RAS GRF (cdc25Mm) from mammals. This protein possesses both a domain
- belonging to the CDC25 family and one belonging to the CDC24 family.
-
- - BUD5 from yeast, that may interact with the ras-like protein RSR1/BUD1.
- - LTE1 from yeast, whose target protein is not yet known.
- - ralGDS from mammals, which interacts with the ras-like proteins ralA and
- ralB [4].
-
- Except for the last two, all the above proteins seem to act as GDS specific
- for Ras proteins. The size of these proteins range from 309 residues (LTE1) to
- 1596 residues (sos). The sequence similarity shared by all these proteins is
- limited to a region of about 250 amino acids generally located in their C-
- terminal section (currently the only exceptions are sos and ralGDS where this
- domain makes up the central part of the protein). This domain has been shown,
- in CDC25 an SCD25, to be essential for the activity of these proteins. As a
- signature pattern, we selected the most conserved section of this domain.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [GAP]-[CT]-V-P-[FY]-x(4)-[LIVMFY]-x-[DN]-[LIVM]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Boguski M.S.
- boguski@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Bourne H.R., Sanders D.A., McCormick F.
- Nature 349:117-127(1991).
- [ 2] Boguski M.S., McCormick F.
- Nature 366:643-654(1993).
- [ 3] Downward J.
- Curr. Biol. 2:329-331(1992).
- [ 4] Albright C.F., Giddings B.W., Liu J., Vito M., Weinberg R.A.
- EMBO J. 12:339-347(1993).
-