home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- *******************************************
- * Prokaryotic N-terminal methylation site *
- *******************************************
-
- A number of bacteria express filamentous adhesins known as pili. The pili are
- polar flexible filaments of about 5.4 nm diameter and 2500 nm average length;
- they consist of a single polypeptide chain (called pilin or fimbrial protein)
- arranged in a helical configuration of five subunits per turn in the assembled
- pilus. Gram-negative bacteria produce pilin which are characterized by the
- presence of a very short leader peptide of 6 to 7 residues, followed by a
- methylated N-terminal phenylalanine residue and by a highly conserved sequence
- of about 24 hydrophobic residues. This class of pilin is often referred to as
- NMePhe or type-4 pili [1,2].
-
- Recently a number of bacterial proteins have been sequenced which share the
- following structural characteristics with type-4 pili [3]:
-
- a) The N-terminal residue, which is methylated, is hydrophobic (generally a
- phenylalanine or a methionine);
- b) The leader peptide is hydrophilic, consists of 5 to 10 residues (with two
- exceptions, see below) and ends with a glycine;
- c) The fifth residue of the mature sequence is a glutamate which seems to be
- required for the methylation step;
- d) The first twenty residues of the mature sequence are highly hydrophobic.
-
- These proteins are listed below:
-
- - Four proteins in an operon involved in a general secretion pathway (GSP)
- for the export of proteins (also called the type II pathway) [4]. These
- proteins have been assigned a different gene name in each of the species
- where they have been sequenced:
-
- Species Gene names
- ------------------------ -------------------------
- Aeromonas hydrophila exeG exeH exeI exeJ
- Erwinia chrysanthemi outG outH outI outJ
- Klebsiella pneumoniae pulG pulH pulI pulJ
- Pseudomonase aeruginosa xcpT xcpU xcpV xcpW
- Xanthomonas campestris xpsG xpsH xpsI xpsJ
-
- - Vibrio cholerae toxin co-regulated pilin (gene tcpA). This pilin has a much
- longer putative leader peptide (25 residues).
- - Bacillus subtilis comG competence operon proteins 3, 4, and 5 which are
- involved for the uptake of DNA by competent Bacillus subtilis cells.
- - ppdA, ppdB and ppdC, three Escherichia coli hypothetical proteins found in
- the thyA-recC intergenic region.
- - ppdA, a hypothetical protein near the groeLS operon of Clostridium
- perfringens. The putative leader peptide is 23 residues long.
-
- We developed a signature pattern based on the N-terminal conserved region of
- all these proteins.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [KRHEQSTAG]-G-[FYLIVM]-[ST]-[LT]-[LIVP]-E-[LIVMFWSTAG](14)
- [The residue after the G is methylated]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Paranchych W., Frost L.S.
- Adv. Microb. Physiol. 29:53-114(1988).
- [ 2] Dalrymple B., Mattick J.S.
- J. Mol. Evol. 25:261-269(1987).
- [ 3] Hobbs M., Mattick J.S.
- Mol. Microbiol. 10:233-243(1993).
- [ 4] Salmond G.P.C., Reeves P.J.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:7-12(1993).
-