home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- *********************************************************
- * Sodium and potassium ATPases beta subunits signatures *
- *********************************************************
-
- The sodium pump (Na+,K+ ATPase), located in the plasma membrane of all animal
- cells [1], is an heterotrimer of a catalytic subunit (alpha chain), a
- glycoprotein subunit of about 34 Kd (beta chain) and a small hydrophobic
- protein of about 6 Kd. The beta subunit seems [2] to regulate, through the
- assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported
- to the plasma membrane.
-
- Structurally the beta subunit is composed of a charged cytoplasmic domain of
- about 35 residues, followed by a transmembrane region, and a large
- extracellular domain that contains three disulfide bonds and glycosylation
- sites. This structure is schematically represented in the figure below.
-
- +----+ +--+ +-----------+
- | | | | | |
- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxxCxCxxCxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxx
- **** ****
- <-Cyt-><TM><------------Extracellular--------------------->
-
- 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
- '*': position of the patterns.
-
- Two isoforms of the beta subunit (beta-1 and beta-2) are currently known; they
- share about 50% sequence identity.
-
- Gastric (K+, H+) ATPase (proton pump) responsible for acid production in the
- stomach consist of two subunits [3]; the beta chain is highly similar to the
- sodium pump beta subunits.
-
- We developed two signature patterns for beta subunits. The first is located in
- the cytoplasmic domain, while the second is found in the extracellular domain
- and contains two of the cysteines involved in disulfide bonds.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [FYW]-x(2)-[FYW]-x-[FYW]-[DN]-x(6)-[LIVM]-G-R-T-x(3)-W
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [RK]-x(2)-C-[RKQ]-x(5)-L-x(2)-C-[SA]-G
- [The two C's are involved in disulfide bonds]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for the beta subunit of the sodium pump of brine shrimp whose sequence is
- highly divergent in that region.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Horisberger J.D., Lemas V., Krahenbul J.P., Rossier B.C.
- Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53:565584(1991).
- [ 2] McDonough A.A., Gerring K., Farley R.A.
- FASEB J. 4:1598-1605(1990).
- [ 3] Toh B.-H., Gleeson P.A., Simpson R.J., Moritz R.L., Callaghan J.M.,
- Goldkorn I., Jones C.M., Martinelli T.M., Mu F.-T., Humphris D.C.,
- Pettitt J.M., Mori Y., Masuda T., Sobieszczuk P., Weinstock J.,
- Mantamadiotis T., Baldwin G.S.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:6418-6422(1990).
-