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- ***************************
- * Malic enzymes signature *
- ***************************
-
- Malic enzymes (malate oxidoreductase) catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation
- of malate into pyruvate, a reaction important for a wide range of metabolic
- pathways. There are two related forms of malic enzyme:
-
- - NADP-dependent malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) [1,2], found in animals and
- plants. In mammals, there are two isozymes: one, mitochondrial, which is
- more effective with NAD then NADP and the other, cytosolic. Plants also
- have two isozymes, chloroplastic and cytosolic.
- - NAD-dependent malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.38) [3], found in bacteria.
-
- There are three other proteins structurally closely related to malic enzymes:
-
- - A plant enzyme previously thought to be a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
- (CAD) [4], but which is probably a malic enzyme.
- - Escherichia coli protein sfcA, whose function is not yet known but which
- could be a NAD or NADP-dependent malic enzyme.
- - Yeast hypothetical protein YKL029c, a probable malic enzyme.
-
- There are three well conserved regions in the enzyme sequences. Two of them
- seem to be involved in binding NAD or NADP. The significance of the third one,
- located in the central part of the enzymes, is not yet known. We have selected
- this region as a signature pattern for these enzymes.
-
- -Consensus pattern: F-x-D-D-x(2)-G-T-[GA]-x-V-x(2)-[GAST](2)-[LIVM](2)
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Glynias M.
- mglynias@ncsa.uiuc.edu
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Rothermel B.A., Nelson T.
- J. Biol. Chem. 264:19587-19592(1989).
- [ 2] Loeber G., Infante A.A., Maurer-Fogy I., Krystek E., Dworkin M.B.
- J. Biol. Chem. 266:3016-3021(1991).
- [ 3] Kobayashi K., Doi S., Negoro S., Urabe I., Okada H.
- J. Biol. Chem. 264:3200-3205(1989).
- [ 4] Walter M.H., Grima-Pettenati J., Grand C., Boudet A.M., Lamb C.J.
- Plant Mol. Biol. 15:525-526(1990).
-