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- ***************************************************
- * Hemolysin-type calcium-binding region signature *
- ***************************************************
-
- Gram-negative bacteria produce a number of proteins which are secreted into
- the growth medium by a mechanism that does not require a cleaved N-terminal
- signal sequence. These proteins, while having different functions, seem [1] to
- share two properties: they bind calcium and they contain a variable number of
- tandem repeats consisting of a nine amino acid motif rich in glycine, aspartic
- acid and asparagine. It has been shown [2] that such a domain is involved in
- the binding of calcium ions in a parallel beta roll structure. The proteins
- which are currently known to belong to this category are:
-
- - Hemolysins from various species of bacteria. Bacterial hemolysins are
- exotoxins that attack blood cell membranes and cause cell rupture. The
- hemolysins which are known to contain such a domain are those from: E. coli
- (gene hlyA), A. pleuropneumoniae (gene appA), A. actinomycetemcomitans
- and P. haemolytica (leukotoxin) (gene lktA).
- - Cyclolysin from Bordetella pertussis (gene cyaA). A multifunctional protein
- which is both an adenylate cyclase and a hemolysin.
- - Extracellular zinc proteases: serralysin (EC 3.4.24.40) from Serratia, prtB
- and prtC from Erwinia chrysanthemi and aprA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- - Nodulation protein nodO from Rhizobium leguminasorum.
-
- We derived a signature pattern from conserved positions in the sequence of the
- calcium-binding domain.
-
- -Consensus pattern: D-x-[LI]-x(4)-G-x-D-x-[LI]-x-G-G-x(3)-D
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Note: this pattern is found once in nodO and the extracellular proteases but
- up to 5 times in some hemolysin/cyclolysins.
-
- -Last update: October 1993 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Economou A., Hamilton W.D.O., Johnston A.W.B., Downie J.A.
- EMBO J. 9:349-354(1990).
- [ 2] Baumann U., Wu S., Flaherty K.M., McKay D.B.
- EMBO J. 12:3357-3364(1993).
-