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- *********************************
- * Mammalian defensins signature *
- *********************************
-
- Defensins [1,2] are a family of structurally related cysteine-rich peptides
- active against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. Some defensins are also
- called corticostatins (CS) because they inhibit corticotropin-stimulated
- corticosteroid production. The peptides known to belong to this family are
- listed below.
-
- - Rabbit defensins and corticostatins: CS-I (NP-3A), CS-II (NP-3B), CS-III
- (MCP-1), CS-IV (MCP-2), NP-4, and NP-5.
- - Guinea-pig neutrophil defensin (GPNP).
- - Human neutrophil defensins 1 to 4 and intestinal defensins 5 and 6 [3].
- - Mouse small bowel cryptdins 1 to 5 [4].
- - Rat NP-1 to NP-4.
-
- All these peptides range in length from 30 to 35 amino acids. There are seven
- invariant residues, including six cysteines all involved in intrachain
- disulfide bonds. A schematic representation of peptides from the defensin
- family is shown below.
-
- +----------------------------+
- |****************************|
- xxCxCxxxxxCxxxxxxxGxCxxxxxxxxxCCxx
- | | | |
- +-----|---------+ |
- +-------------------+
-
- 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
- '*': position of the pattern.
-
- Our pattern is based on five of the conserved residues.
-
- -Consensus pattern: C-x-C-x(3,5)-C-x(7)-G-x-C-x(9)-C-C
- [The six C's are involved in disulfide bonds]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for mouse cryptdin 4.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: sheep keratin.
- -Last update: October 1993 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Lehrer R.I., Ganz T., Selsted M.E.
- ASM News 56:315-318(1990).
- [ 2] Lehrer R.I., Ganz T., Selsted M.E.
- Cell 64:229-230(1991).
- [ 3] Jones D.E., Bevins C.L.
- FEBS Lett. 315:187-192(1993).
- [ 4] Selsted M.E., Miller S.I., Henschen A.H., Ouellette A.J.
- J. Cell Biol. 118:929-936(1992).
-