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- ***************************************
- * Sugar transport proteins signatures *
- ***************************************
-
- In mammalian cells the uptake of glucose is mediated by a family of closely
- related transport proteins which are called the glucose transporters [1,2,3].
- At least seven of these transporters are currently known to exist (in Human
- they are encoded by the GLUT1 to GLUT7 genes).
-
- These integral membrane proteins are predicted to comprise twelve membrane
- spanning domains. The glucose transporters show sequence similarities [4,5]
- with a number of other sugar or metabolite transport proteins listed below
- (references are only provided for recently determined sequences).
-
- - Escherichia coli arabinose-proton symport (araE).
- - Escherichia coli galactose-proton symport (galP).
- - Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae citrate-proton symport (also
- known as citrate utilization determinant) (gene cit).
- - Escherichia coli alpha-ketoglutarate permease (gene kgtP).
- - Escherichia coli proline/betaine transporter (gene proP) [6].
- - Escherichia coli xylose-proton symport (xylE).
- - Zymomonas mobilis glucose facilitated diffusion protein (gene glf).
- - Yeast high affinity glucose transport proteins (genes SNF3, HXT1 to HXT4).
- - Yeast galactose transporter (gene GAL2).
- - Yeast maltose permease (gene MAL6T).
- - Yeast myo-inositol transporters (genes ITR1 and ITR2).
- - Yeast inorganic phosphate transporter (gene PHO84).
- - Kluyveromyces lactis lactose permease (gene LAC12).
- - Neurospora crassa quinate transporter (gene Qa-y), and Emericella nidulans
- quinate permease (gene qutD).
- - Chlorella hexose carrier (gene HUP1).
- - Arabidopsis thaliana glucose transporter (gene STP1).
- - Spinach sucrose transporter.
- - Leishmania donovani transporters D1 and D2.
- - Leishmania enriettii probable transport protein (LTP).
-
- - Yeast hypothetical protein YCR98c.
- - Yeast hypothetical protein YKL217w.
- - Caenorhabditis elegans hypothetical protein ZK637.1.
- - Escherichia coli hypothetical protein yabE.
-
- It has been suggested [4] that these transport proteins have evolved from the
- duplication of an ancestral protein with six transmembrane regions, this
- hypothesis is based on the conservation of two G-R-K/R motifs. The first one
- is located between the second and third transmembrane domains and the second
- one between transmembrane domains 8 and 9.
-
- We have developed two patterns to detect this family of proteins. The first
- pattern is based on the G-R-K/R motif; but because this motif is too short to
- be specific to this family of proteins, we have derived a pattern from a
- larger region centered on the second copy of this motif . The second pattern
- is based on a number of conserved residues which are located at the end of the
- fourth transmembrane segment and in the short loop region between the fourth
- and fifth segments.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVMSTA]-[DE]-x-[LIVMFYWA]-G-R-[RK]-x(4,6)-G
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: the majority
- of transporters with 10 exceptions.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 19.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVMF]-x-G-[LIVMFA]-x(2)-G-x(8)-[LIFY]-x(2)-[EQ]-x(6)-
- [RK]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: the majority
- of transporters with 8 exceptions.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 32.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Silverman M.
- Annu. Rev. Biochem. 60:757-794(1991).
- [ 2] Gould G.W., Bell G.I.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 15:18-23(1990).
- [ 3] Baldwin S.A.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1154:17-49(1993).
- [ 4] Maiden M.C.J., Davis E.O., Baldwin S.A., Moore D.C.M., Henderson P.J.F.
- Nature 325:641-643(1987).
- [ 5] Henderson P.J.F.
- Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1:590-601(1991).
- [ 6] Culham D.E., Lasby B., Marangoni A.G., Milner J.L., Steer B.A.,
- van Nues R.W., Wood J.M.
- J. Mol. Biol. 229:268-276(1993).
-