home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- ***********************************************************
- * Zinc carboxypeptidases, zinc-binding regions signatures *
- ***********************************************************
-
- There are a number of different types of zinc-dependent carboxypeptidases (EC
- 3.4.17.-) [1,2]. All these enzymes seem to be structurally and functionally
- related. The enzymes that belong to this family are listed below.
-
- - Carboxypeptidase A1 (EC 3.4.17.1), a pancreatic digestive enzyme that can
- removes all C-terminal amino acids with the exception of Arg, Lys and Pro.
- - Carboxypeptidase A2 (EC 3.4.17.15), a pancreatic digestive enzyme with a
- specificity similar to that of carboxypeptidase A1, but with a preference
- for bulkier C-terminal residues.
- - Carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.17.2), also a pancreatic digestive enzyme, but
- that preferentially removes C-terminal Arg and Lys.
- - Carboxypeptidase N (EC 3.4.17.3) (also known as arginine carboxypeptidase),
- a plasma enzyme which protects the body from potent vasoactive and
- inflammatory peptides containing C-terminal Arg or Lys (such as kinins or
- anaphylatoxins) which are released into the circulation.
- - Carboxypeptidase H (EC 3.4.17.9) (also known as enkephalin convertase or
- carboxypeptidase E), an enzyme located in secretory granules of pancreatic
- islets, adrenal gland, pituitary and brain. This enzyme removes residual C-
- terminal Arg or Lys remaining after initial endoprotease cleavage during
- prohormone processing.
- - Carboxypeptidase M (EC 3.4.17.12), a membrane bound Arg and Lys specific
- enzyme.
- It is ideally situated to act on peptide hormones at local tissue sites
- where it could control their activity before or after interaction with
- specific plasma membrane receptors.
- - Mast cell carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.1), an enzyme with a specificity
- to carboxypeptidase A, but found in the secretory granules of mast cells.
- - Streptomyces griseus carboxypeptidase (Cpase SG) (EC 3.4.17.-) [3], which
- combines the specificities of mammalian carboxypeptidases A and B.
- - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris carboxypeptidase T (EC 3.4.17.18) (CPT) [4],
- which also combines the specificities of carboxypeptidases A and B.
-
- All of these enzymes bind an atom of zinc. Three conserved residues are
- implicated in the binding of the zinc atom: two histidines and a glutamic acid
- We have derived two signature patterns which contain these three zinc-ligands.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [PK]-x-[LIVMFY]-x-[LIVMFY]-x(4)-H-[STAG]-x-E-x-[LIVM]-
- [STAG]-x(6)-[LIVMFYT]
- [H and E are zinc ligands]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for rat carboxypeptidase A2.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: H-[STAG]-x(3)-[LIVM]-x(2)-[LIVMFYW]-P-[FYW]
- [H is a zinc ligand]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 10.
-
- -Note: if a protein includes both signatures, the probability of it being a
- eukaryotic zinc carboxypeptidase is 100%
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Tan F., Chan S.J., Steiner D.F., Schilling J.W., Skidgel R.A.
- J. Biol. Chem. 264:13165-13170(1989).
- [ 2] Reynolds D.S., Stevens R.L., Gurley D.S., Lane W.S., Austen K.F.,
- Serafin W.E.
- J. Biol. Chem. 264:20094-20099(1989).
- [ 3] Narahashi Y.
- J. Biochem. 107:879-886(1990).
- [ 4] Teplyakov A., Polyakov K., Obmolova G., Strokopytov B., Kuranova I.,
- Osterman A.L., Grishin N.V., Smulevitch S.V., Zagnitko O.P.,
- Galperina O.V., Matz M.V., Stepanov V.M.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 208:281-288(1992).
-