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- Date: Wed, 8 Feb 1995 11:16:46 -0600
- From: BITNET list server at UA1VM (1.8a) <LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU>
- Subject: File: "MAP23 LESSON"
-
- MAP23: WWW
-
-
- "Ah! the clock is always slow;
- It is later than you think."
- -- Robert W. Service, It is Later Than You Think
-
-
- I wish I had six weeks just to talk about the World Wide Web (a.k.a.
- WWW or "the Web."). If you think Gopher is neat, wait until you start
- playing around on the Web :)
-
- Unfortunately, I *don't* have six weeks to talk about the Web -- I only
- have two days. Because of this, we are going to go through the Web like
- Sherman went through Georgia (1).
-
- That's the bad news. The good news is that there are a lot of REALLY good
- Web guides available, and I am even seriously considering developing my own
- Web workshop that I will offer *late* next year (2).
-
- Until that time comes, however, let's talk about the BASICS of the Web.
-
- Last week I showed you how most Gopher menus are linked together. We
- started out in the gopher.squirrel.com root menu, and eventually ended
- up at the SURAnet gopher menu. We were able to do this because the
- menus that we travelled through had links to menus and files that were
- located at other Gopher sites.
-
- Because Gopher menus are linked together, a whole world of information
- is available to us with just a few keystrokes!
-
- Imagine if we were able to take these links one step further. Instead
- of linking menus, we could link *DOCUMENTS* together. You could read
- one document, find a keyword in that document that really interests
- you, touch that keyword, and automatically be taken to a NEW document
- somewhere else in the world -- and this new document could even have
- links to OTHER documents around the world, and so on.
-
- Sound too good to be true? It isn't, thanks to something called
- "hypertext." If you have ever played with Apple's Hypercard program
- or the "help" menus in the latest Microsoft packages, you have already
- experienced hypertext. You "select" a highlighted word -- usually by
- clicking on it with a mouse -- and you are taken into an entirely
- new document or help screen.
-
- The World Wide Web is based on hypertext. It is possible for you to
- go roaming around the Web, bouncing from document to document, using
- nothing but the links in those documents!
-
- Just as you can access Gopherspace through a Gopher server or client,
- you can access the Web through something called a "browser." A browser
- can read documents, fetch documents, access files by FTP, read Usenet
- newsgroups, telnet into remote sites, and even travel around Gopherspace.
- In short, everything that we have talked about over the past three weeks
- can be done using nothing but a Web browser!
-
- The Web is able to accomplish all of this thanks to something called
- URLs ("earls") -- Universal Resource Locators. URLs list the exact
- location of *ANY* Internet resource.
-
- If you think about it, giving every Internet resource a unique
- address is the hard part. Once you have given something an address,
- linking to it is pretty easy :)
-
- What is really special about the Web is that the Web does all of this
- "behind the scenes." It is possible for you to bounce from one link to
- another without ever knowing the exact address of where you are, or
- even how you got there.
-
- If you ever want to jump *directly* to a particular Internet resource,
- however, you are going to need to know a little bit more about URLs.
- Here are a few basic URLs:
-
- file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip
- ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors
- http://info.cern.ch:80/default.html
- news:alt.hypertext
- telnet://dra.com
-
- Gee ... those look a little like FTP addresses, don't they?
-
- The first part of an URL -- the stuff before the colon -- tells the
- browser how to access that particular file. For example, to access
-
- ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors
-
- your browser would use FTP.
-
- Most of the access methods are pretty straight-forward. Here is a list
- of some of the more common access methods that you are going to see
- listed in the first part of URLs:
-
- method what it stands for
- ------ ---------------------------------------
-
- ftp File Transfer Protocol
- file File Transfer Protocol (same as ftp)
- news Internet News Protocol (Usenet)
- gopher Gopher
- telnet Telnet
- http Hypertext Transport Protocol
-
-
- We've used all of these before, except for http. If you ever see a
- URL with http at the beginning of it, that means that the file is
- a hypertext document (with hypertext links to other documents).
-
- The rest of a URL -- the stuff after the colon -- is the address of
- that particular file. In general, two slashes (//) after the colon
- indicates a machine name or address.
-
- For example,
-
- file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip
-
- is the URL for an FTP file at wuarchive.wustl.edu, and
-
- http://info.cern.ch:80/default.html
-
- is the URL for a hypertext document at info.cern.ch, port 80.
-
-
- TOMORROW: - How to access the Web by telnet
- - Where you can obtain a Web browser (for those of you
- with Level 3 connectivity and a SLIP or PPP connection)
- - Doing some simple searches using the Web
- - The difference between the Web and Mosaic (Mosaic is
- just a browser that lets you access the Web).
-
- HOMEWORK:
-
- If you are planning on becoming a SERIOUS Web guru, I have
- placed the WWW FAQ on the file server at the University of
- Alabama. It is broken into two parts:
-
- filename filetype
- -------- --------
- WWW FAQ1
- WWW FAQ2
-
- You can use the GET command to get it (remember, do not
- reply to this letter -- you MUST write a new letter to the
- LISTSERV with your GET commands).
-
- SOURCES:
-
- WWW FAQ, 8 August 1994.
-
-
- NOTES:
-
- (1) General William Tecumseh Sherman was the Union Army General
- who burned a path 100 miles wide from Atlanta to the sea during
- the U.S. Civil War.
-
- (2) Kristen Burke, a friend of mine at the University, recently heard
- me promise that after this workshop I would *NEVER* do anything like
- this again. She bet me that I would change my mind. She won :)
-
-
- PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS LETTER DO NOT
- PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE
- THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA - TUSCALOOSA
-
- ROADMAP: COPYRIGHT PATRICK CRISPEN 1994. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-
-