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-
- CONTENTS
-
- * 1. Recent changes to the FAQ
- * 2. Information about this document
- * 3. What are WWW, hypertext and hypermedia?
- * 4. What is a URL?
- * 5. How can I access the web?
- * 5.1 Browsers accessable by telnet
- * 5.2 Obtaining browsers
- * 6. How can I provide information to the web?
- * 7. How does WWW compare to gopher and WAIS?
- * 8. What is on the web?
- * 9. I want to know more.
- * Z. Credits
-
- 1. RECENT CHANGES TO THE FAQ
-
- These are most recent changes.
- * html-mode.el mentioned
- * disclaimer for crappy formatting
-
- 2. INFORMATION ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT
-
- This is an introduction to the World-Wide Web project, describing the
- concepts, software and access methods. It is aimed at people who know
- a little about navigating the Internet, but want to know more about
- WWW specifically. If you don't think you are up to this level, try an
- introductory Internet book such as Ed Krol's "The Whole Internet".
-
- This informational document is posted to news.answers,
- comp.infosystems.gopher, comp.infosystems.wais and alt.hypertext on
- the 1st and 15th of every month (please allow a day or two for it to
- propagate to your site). The latest version is always available on the
- web as http://www.vuw.ac.nz:80/non-local/gnat/www-faq.html (see the
- section titled "What is a URL?" to understand what this means).
-
- The most recently posted version of this document is kept on the
- news.answers archive on rtfm.mit.edu in
- /pub/usenet/news.answers/www/faq (the URL for this is
- _file://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/www/faq_). For
- information on FTP, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with
- "_send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources_" in the body, instead of
- asking me.
-
- Nathan Torkington maintains this document. Feedback about it is to be
- sent via e-mail to Nathan.Torkington@vuw.ac.nz
-
- In all cases, regard this document as out of date. Definitive
- information should be on the web, and static versions such as this
- should be considered unreliable at best. Please excuse any formatting
- inconsistencies in the posted version of this document, as it is
- automatically generated from the on-line version.
-
- 3. WHAT ARE WWW, HYPERTEXT AND HYPERMEDIA?
-
- WWW stands for the "World Wide Web". The WWW project, started by CERN
- (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics), seeks to build a
- distributed hypermedia system.
-
- To access the web, you run a browser program. The browser reads
- documents, and can fetch documents from other sources. Information
- providers set up hypermedia servers which browsers can get documents
- from.
-
- The browsers can, in addition, access files by FTP, NNTP (the Internet
- news protocol), gopher and an ever-increasing range of other methods.
- On top of these, if the server has search capabilities, the browsers
- will permit searches of documents and databases.
-
- The documents that the browsers display are hypertext documents.
- Hypertext is text with pointers to other text. The browsers let you
- deal with the pointers in a transparent way -- select the pointer, and
- you are presented with the text that is pointed to.
-
- Hypermedia is a superset of hypertext -- it is any medium with
- pointers to other media. This means that browsers might not display a
- text file, but might display images or sound or animations.
-
- 4. WHAT IS A URL?
-
- URL stands for "Uniform Resource Locator". It is a draft standard for
- specifying an object on the Internet, such as a file or newsgroup.
-
- URLs look like this:
- * file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip
- * file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors
- * http://info.cern.ch:80/default.html
- * news:alt.hypertext
- * telnet://dra.com
-
-
-
- The first part of the URL, before the colon, specifies the access
- method. The part of the URL after the colon is interpreted specific to
- the access method. In general, two slashes after the colon indicate a
- machine name (machine:port is also valid). For more information, see
-
- 5. HOW CAN I ACCESS THE WEB?
-
- You have two options -- either use a browser that can be telnetted to,
- or use a browser on your machine.
-
- 5.1 Browsers accessable by telnet
-
- An up-to-date list of these is available on the Web as
- http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/FAQ/Bootstrap.html and should be
- regarded as an authoritative list.
-
- info.cern.ch
- No password is required. This is in Switzerland, so continental
- US users might be better off using a closer browser.
-
- ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu
- A full screen browser "Lynx" which requires a vt100 terminal.
- Log in as www.
-
- www.njit.edu
- (or telnet 128.235.163.2) Log in as www. A full-screen browser
- in New Jersey Institute of Technology. USA.
-
- vms.huji.ac.il
- (IP address 128.139.4.3). A dual-language Hebrew/English
- database, with links to the rest of the world. The line mode
- browser, plus extra features. Log in as www. Hebrew University
- of Jerusalem, Israel.
-
- sun.uakom.cs
- Slovakia. Has a slow link, only use from nearby.
-
- info.funet.fi
- (or telnet 128.214.6.102). Log in as info. Not working.
-
- 5.2 Obtaining browsers
-
- The preferred method of access of the Web is to run a browser
- yourself. Browsers are available for many platforms, both in source
- and executable forms. Here is a list generated from the authoritative
- list, http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Clients.html ...
-
- Terminal based browsers
-
- Line Mode Browser
- This program gives W3 readership to anyone with a dumb
- terminal. A general purpose information retrieval tool.
-
- "Lynx" full screen browser
- This is a hypertext browser for vt100s using full screen,
- arrow keys, highlighting, etc.
-
- NJIT's Browser
- Assumes a character-grid terminal with cursor addressing,
- and provides a full-screen interface to the web.
-
- Tom Fine's perlWWW
- A tty-bbased browser written in perl.
-
- Graphic User Interfaces
-
- XMosaic Browser using X11/Motif. Works well. This is the most
- polished browser.
-
- Macintosh Browser
- Browser for the Macintosh. (Alpha.)
-
- "Cello" PC/Windows client
- Browser for windows. (Not yet released)
-
- "Erwise"
- Browser for X/Motif. (Unsupported).
-
- "ViolaWWW" Browser for X11
- Browser for X11. (Beta, unsupported)
-
- tkWWW Browser
- Browser for X11. (Beta).
-
- MidasWWW Browser
- WWW browser for X/Motif. (Beta, works well.)
-
- Browser-Editor on the NeXT
- A browser/editor for NeXTStep. Allows wysiwyg hypertext
- editing. Requires NeXTStep 3.0
-
- Unreleased
-
- Browser on CERNVM
- A full-screen browser for VM. Nonexistant. Use the line
- mode www.
-
- Dave Ragget's Browser
- Unreleased. For X11, (later PC?)
-
- 6. HOW CAN I PROVIDE INFORMATION TO THE WEB
-
- Information providers run programs that the browsers can obtain
- hypertext from. These programs can either be WWW servers that
- understand the HyperText Transfer Protocol HTTP (best if you are
- creating your information database from scratch), "gateway" programs
- that convert an existing information format to hypertext, or a
- non-HTTP server that WWW browsers can access -- anonymous FTP or
- gopher, for example.
-
- If you only want to provide information to local users, placing your
- information in local files is also an option. This means that there
- would be no off-machine access.
-
- CERN's server is available for anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch and
- many other places. Use archie to search for "www" or "WWW" to find
- copies close to you. NCSA have their own server, for FTP from
- ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu.
-
- See http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Daemon/Overview.html for more
- information on writing gateways and for servers in general.
-
- To produce HTML, you can either use an SGML editor with the HTML DTD
- (URL is http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/DTDHeading.html), or
- use EMACS and html-mode.el (URL is
- ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Web/elisp/html-mode.el).
-
- 7. HOW DOES WWW COMPARE TO GOPHER AND WAIS?
-
- While all three of these information presentation systems are
- client-server based, they differ in terms of their model of data. In
- gopher, data is either a menu, a document, an index or a telnet
- connection. In WAIS, everything is an index and everything that is
- returned from the index is a document. In WWW, everything is a
- (possibly) hypertext document which may be searchable.
-
- In practice, this means that WWW can represent the gopher (a menu is a
- list of links, a gopher document is a hypertext document without
- links, searches are the same, telnet sessions are the same) and WAIS
- (a WAIS index is a searchable page, returning a document with no
- links) data models as well as providing extra functionality.
-
- The principal difference between the three systems, it turns out, is
- deployment. WWW does not have as large a user base as gopher, mainly
- because of the small number of WWW browsers that are out. This is
- changing as WWW reaches critical mass (usage of the server at CERN
- doubles every 4 months -- twice the rate of Internet expansion).
-
- 8. WHAT IS ON THE WEB?
-
- Currently accessable through the web:
- * anything served through gopher
- * anything served through WAIS
- * anything on an FTP site
- * anything on Usenet
- * anything accessable through telnet
- * anything in hytelnet
- * anything in hyper-g
- * anything in techinfo
- * anything in texinfo
- * anything in the form of man pages
- * sundry hypertext documents
-
-
-
- One of the few limitations of the current networked information
- systems is that there is no simple way to find out what has changed,
- what is new, or even what is out there. As a result, a definitive list
- of the web's contents is impossible at this moment.
-
- 9. I WANT TO KNOW MORE
-
- To find out more, use the web.
-
- CREDITS
-
- * Nathan Torkington
- * marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu
- * Tony Johnson
- .
-