home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- How does the Web work?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- Web software is designed around a distributed client-server architecture. A
- Web client (called a Web browser if it is intended for interactive use) is a
- program which can send requests for documents to any Web server. A Web server
- is a program that, upon receipt of a request, sends the document requested
- (or an error message if appropriate) back to the requesting client. Using a
- distributed architecture means that a client program may be running on a
- completely separate machine from that of the server, possibly in another room
- or even in another country. Because the task of document storage is left to
- the server and the task of document presentation is left to the client, each
- program can concentrate on those duties and progress independently of each
- other.
-
- Because servers usually operate only when documents are requested, they put a
- minimal amount of workload on the computers they run on.
-
- Here's an example of how the process works:
-
- 1. Running a Web client, the user selects a hyperlink
- in a piece of hypertext connecting to another document
- - "The History of Computers", for example.
-
- 2. The Web client uses the address associated with that
- hyperlink to connect to the Web server at a specified
- network address and asks for the document associated
- with "The History of Computers".
-
- 3. The server responds by sending the text and any other
- media within that text (pictures, sounds, or movies)
- to the client, which the client then renders for
- presentation on the user's screen.
-
- [image] Figure 6. A typical transaction between Web
- servers and clients.
-
- The World-Wide Web is composed of thousands of these virtual transactions
- taking place per hour throughout the world, creating a web of information
- flow.
-
- Future Web servers will include encryption and client authentication
- abilities - they will be able to send and receive secure data and be more
- selective as to which clients receive information. This will allow freer
- communications among Web users and will ensure that sensitive data is kept
- private. It will be harder to compromise the security of commercial servers
- and educational servers which wish to keep information local. Improvements in
- security will facilitate the idea of "pay-per-view" hypermedia, a concept
- which many commercial interests are pursuing.
-
- The language that Web clients and servers use to communicate with each other
- is called the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). All Web clients and servers
- must be able to speak HTTP in order to send and receive hypermedia documents.
- For this reason, Web servers are often called HTTP servers.
-
- The phrase "World-Wide Web" is often used to refer to the collective network
- of servers speaking HTTP as well as the global body of information available
- using the protocol.
-
-
- .
-