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- Network Working Group J. Postel
- Request for Comments: 1590 ISI
- Updates: 1521 March 1994
- Category: Informational
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- Media Type Registration Procedure
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- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- Several protocols allow the use of data representing different
- "media" such as text, images, audio, and video, and within such media
- different encoding styles, such as (in video) jpeg, gif, ief, and
- tiff. The Multimedia Internet Message Extensions (MIME) protocol [1]
- defined several initial types of multimedia data objects, and a
- procedure for registering additional types with the Internet Assigned
- Numbers Authority (IANA). Several questions have been raised about
- the requirements and administrative procedure for registering MIME
- content-type and subtypes, and the use of these Media Types for other
- applications. This document addresses these issues and specifies a
- procedure for the registration of new Media Types (content-
- type/subtypes). It also generalizes the scope of use of these Media
- Types to make it appropriate to use the same registrations and
- specifications with other applications.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- RFC 1521 [1] defines a procedure for the registration of new data
- types for use with the Multimedia Internet Message Extensions (MIME).
- This registration mechanism was designed to make the identifiers for
- a given data type available for use and to prevent naming conflicts.
- With the growth of new multi-media protocols and access mechanisms,
- this process has the promise of forming a unified general
- registration service for Internet Protocols. These types, previously
- called "MIME Types", are now called "Media Types".
-
- The registration process for Media Types (content-type/subtypes) was
- initially defined in the context of the asynchronous mail
- environments. In this mail environment, there is a need to limit the
- number of possible Media Types to increase the likelihood of
- interoperability when the capabilities of the remote mail system are
- not known. As Media Types are used in new environments, where the
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- IANA [Page 1]
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- RFC 1590 Media Type Registration Procedure March 1994
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- proliferation of Media Types is not a hindrance to interoperability,
- the original procedure is excessively restrictive and needs to be
- generalized.
-
- This document addresses the specific questions raised and provides an
- administrative procedure for the registration of Media Types. This
- procedure also address the registration requirements needed for the
- mapping of Object Identifiers (OIDs) for X.400 MHS use to Media
- Types.
-
- 2. Media Type Registration Procedure
-
- The following procedure has been implemented by the IANA for review
- and approval of new Media Types. This is not a formal standards
- process, but rather an administrative procedure intended to allow
- community comment and sanity checking without excessive time delay.
-
- 2.1 Present the Request for Registration to the Community
-
- Send a proposed Media Type (content-type/subtype) to the "ietf-
- types@cs.utk.edu" mailing list. This mailing list has been
- established for the sole purpose of reviewing proposed Media Types.
- Proposed content-types are not formally registered and must use the
- "x-" notation for the subtype name.
-
- The intent of the public posting is to solicit comments and feedback
- on the choice of content-type/subtype name, the unambiguity of the
- references with respect to versions and external profiling
- information, the choice of which OIDs to use, and a review of the
- security considerations section. It should be noted that the
- proposed Media Type does not need to make sense for every possible
- application. If the Media Type is intended for a limited or specific
- use, this should be noted in the submission.
-
- 2.2 Submit the Content Type to the IANA for Registration
-
- After two weeks, submit the proposed Media Type to the IANA for
- registration. The request and supporting documentation should be
- sent to "iana@isi.edu". Provided a reasonable review period has
- elapsed, the IANA will register the Media Type, assign an OID under
- the IANA branch, and make the Media Type registration available to
- the community.
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- IANA [Page 2]
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- RFC 1590 Media Type Registration Procedure March 1994
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- The Media Type registrations will be posted in the anonymous FTP
- directory "ftp.isi.edu:in-notes/media-types" and the Media Type will
- be listed in the periodically issued "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. The
- Media Type description may be published as an Informational RFC by
- sending it to "rfc-editor@isi.edu" (please follow the instructions to
- RFC authors [3]).
-
- 3. Clarifications On Specific Issues
-
- 3.1 MIME Requirements for a Limited Number of Content-Types
-
- Issue: In the asynchronous mail environment, where information on
- the capabilities of the remote mail agent is not available to the
- sender, maximum interoperability is attained by restricting the
- number of content-types used to those "common" content-types expected
- to be widely implemented. This was asserted as a reason to limit the
- number of possible content-types and resulted in a registration
- process with a significant hurdle and delay for those registering
- content-types.
-
- Comment: The need for "common" content-types formats does not
- require limiting the registration of new content-types. This
- restriction may, in fact, hinder interoperability by causing separate
- registration authorities for specific applications which may register
- values in conflict with or otherwise incompatible with each other.
- If a limited set of content-types recommended for a particular
- application, that should be asserted by a separate applicability
- statement specific for the application and/or environment.
-
- 3.2 Requirements for a Published Specification
-
- Issue: Content-Type registration requires an RFC specifying the data
- format or a reference to a published specification of the data
- stream. This requirement may be overly restrictive for the use of
- content-type registration for file attachments and distribution
- because a public specification may not be available for a number of
- widely used and exchanged objects.
-
- Comment: MIME required the documentation of a specific content-type
- to allow the unambiguous identification of a defined type. This
- intent is met by the identification of a particular software package
- and version when registering the content-type and is allowed for
- registration. The appropriateness of using a Media Type with an
- unavailable specification should not be an issue in the registration.
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- RFC 1590 Media Type Registration Procedure March 1994
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- 3.3 Identification of Security Considerations
-
- Issue: The registration process requires the identification of any
- known security problems with the content-type.
-
- Comment: It is not required that the content-type be secure or that
- it be free from risks, but that the known risks be identified.
- Publication of a content-type does not require an exhaustive security
- review, and the security considerations section is subject to
- continuing evaluation. Additional security considerations should be
- periodically published in an RFC by IANA.
-
- 3.4. Recommendations and Standards Status
-
- Issue: The registration of a data type does not imply endorsement,
- approval, or recommendation by IANA or IETF or even certification
- that the specification is adequate.
-
- Comment: To become Internet Standards, protocol, data objects, or
- whatever must go through the IETF standards process. This is too
- difficult and to lengthly a process for the convenient and practical
- need to register Media Types. It is expected that applicability
- statements for particular applications will be published from time to
- time that recommend implementation of, and support for, data types
- that have proven particularly useful in those contexts.
-
- 4. Security Considerations
-
- This memo does not address specific security issues but outlines a
- security review process for Media Types.
-
- 5. Acknowledgements
-
- Most of the words in this RFC were written by other people --
- primarily John Klensin and Greg Vaudreuil -- and my contribution has
- been to slightly modify some sentences, delete some phrases, and to
- rearrange some paragraphs. This means that i am responsible for all
- the bad ideas and mangled English, and they deserve the credit (and
- rightly) all the good ideas.
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- IANA [Page 4]
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- RFC 1590 Media Type Registration Procedure March 1994
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- 6. Author's Address
-
- Jon Postel
- USC/Information Sciences Institute
- 4676 Admiralty Way
- Marina del Rey, CA 90292
-
- Phone: 310-822-1511
- Fax: 310-823-6714
- EMail: Postel@ISI.EDU
-
- 7. References
-
- [1] Borenstein N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
- Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing
- the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, Bellcore,
- Innosoft, September 1993.
-
- [2] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1340,
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, July 1992.
-
- [3] Postel,J., "Instructions to RFC Authors", RFC 1543,
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, October 1993.
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- IANA [Page 5]
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- RFC 1590 Media Type Registration Procedure March 1994
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- Appendix A -- IANA Registration Procedures for Media Types
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- MIME has been carefully designed to have extensible mechanisms, and
- it is expected that the set of content-type/subtype pairs and their
- associated parameters will grow significantly with time. Several
- other MIME fields, notably character set names, access-type
- parameters for the message/external-body type, and possibly even
- Content-Transfer-Encoding values, are likely to have new values
- defined over time.
-
- In general, parameters in the content-type header field are used to
- convey supplemental information for various content types, and their
- use is defined when the content-type and subtype are defined. New
- parameters should not be defined as a way to introduce new
- functionality.
-
- In order to ensure that the content-type and subtype (that is Media
- Type) values are developed in an orderly, well-specified, and public
- manner, MIME and other applications use the registration process for
- Media Types defined in this RFC which uses the Internet Assigned
- Numbers Authority (IANA) as a central registry for such values.
-
- In order to simplify and standardize this Media Type registration
- process, this appendix gives templates for the registration of new
- values with IANA. Each of these is given in the form of an email
- message template, to be filled in by the registering party.
-
- Registration of New Content-type/subtype Values:
-
- Note that MIME is generally expected to be extended by subtypes. If
- a new fundamental top-level type is needed, its specification must be
- published as an RFC or submitted in a form suitable to become an RFC,
- and be subject to the Internet standards process.
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- RFC 1590 Media Type Registration Procedure March 1994
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- ==================================================================
-
- To: IANA@isi.edu
- Subject: Registration of new Media Type content-type/subtype
-
- Media Type name:
-
- (If the above is not an existing top-level Media Type, please
- explain why an existing type cannot be used.)
-
- Media subtype name:
-
- Required parameters:
-
- Optional parameters:
-
- Encoding considerations:
-
- Security considerations:
-
- Published specification:
-
- (The published specification must be an Internet RFC or RFC-to-be
- if a new top-level type is being defined, and must be a publicly
- available specification in any case.)
-
- Person & email address to contact for further information:
-
- ==================================================================
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