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- ACCESSING INTERNET RESOURCES
-
- The resources described in this guide are available using one of the Internet
- protocols: telnet, file transfer protocol (FTP), Gopher or World Wide Web (http).
- The protocol and domain name or IP address used to access a resource in this
- guide is noted in italics as shown below:
-
- Access: <protocol> domain name (IP address)
- Login: <login i.d.>
-
- For World Wide Web, resources are listed with their Uniform Resource Locator
- (URL):
- Access: World Wide Web
- URL: http://www.internic.net
-
- Using Telnet
-
- The Telnet protocol allows users to login to a computer at a remote site and browse
- a database, card catalog or list of files. Access information includes both a domain
- name (e.g., locator.nlm.nih.gov) and an IP address (e.g., 130.14.12.1). The
- domain name is the easiest to remember, however, you may need to use the IP
- number if the domain name does not work. Since logins vary from site to site, the
- login is also noted as shown in the example below:
-
- National Library of Medicine Online Catalog (NLM Locator)
- Access: telnet locator.nlm.nih.gov (130.14.12.1)
- Login: locator
-
- While interfaces vary depending on individual site specifications, such as the
- local area network software and the user interface set up by the system
- administrator, generally you can initiate a telnet session simply by typing telnet
- and the domain name or IP number at your user prompt:
-
- bailey@noc$> telnet locator.nlm.nih.gov
- or
- bailey@noc$> telnet 130.14.12.1
-
- The method for navigating once connected, is site specific. Once you have
- connnected to the site, follow the login procedure as described on the opening
- screens or as explained in the SURAnet Guide. For the example above, type:
-
- login: locator
-
-
-
-
- Using FTP
-
- FTP is used to retrieve files from a remote site. FTP files can be in a variety of
- formats including text, binary or graphics. Many sites allow free access to
- documents stored on their computers. This service is referred to as anonymous
- FTP. Most of the sites listed in this guide are available via anonymous FTP. When
- this is not the case, it is noted in the annotation.
-
- As with Telnet, access information includes both a domain name (e.g.,
- ftp.sura.net) and an IP address (e.g., 128.167.254.179) for a resource. The domain
- name is the easiest to remember, however, you may need to use the IP number if
- the domain name does not work.
-
- There are a variety of ways to find out where an FTP file resides. You can use an
- Internet navigational tool, such as archie, you can ask a friend or colleague, or
- you can use one of several Internet resource guides, such as SURAnet╒s Guide to
- Selected Internet Resources. In the Guide, access to FTP sites is listed as shown:
-
- Internet Basics - Roy Tennant
- Access: ftp ftp.sura.net (128.167.254.179)
- Directory: pub/nic/InternetLiterature
- File: internet.basics
-
- The access method, FTP, is denoted, and both the domain name and the IP
- address are listed after ╥access.╙ The directory location and the exact name of the
- file are also listed. To login to an anonymous FTP site, the procedure is generally:
- At the system prompt, type:the ftp address
-
- bailey@noc$> ftp ftp.sura.net
-
- At the login or user prompt, type: anonymous
-
- Name (ftp.sura.net:bailey): anonymous
-
- At the password prompt, type: user╒s electronic mail address or guest
-
- Password: bailey@sura.net
-
- Sometimes a guest login is acceptable, as shown above.
-
- Once logged in, you will use your FTP client or one of several UNIX commands to
- navigate within the FTP archives:
-
- ls -- list directories and files cd -- change directory
- dir -- list directories and files with sizes get -- transfer a file from remote host
- mget -- multiple file transfers
-
- Changing Directories at a Remote Host
- Files are listed in directories at FTP sites. Once logged in, you may have to change
- directories on the host computer to access the file(s) you are interested in. In the
- example above, the file ╥internet.basics╙ is found in the directory
- ╥InternetLiterature.╙ Before you can transfer this file, you must change
- directories three times (pub/nic/InternetLiterature).
-
- Transferring Individual Files
- When ╥getting╙ a file, note that the system is case sensitive. If you working from a
- UNIX prompt, you will want to make sure you time in the file name EXACTLY as
- it appears on the remote machine. Due to file naming limitations on some
- systems, it may be necessary to rename files before downloading them. On the
- IBM platform, you should limit the number of characters to eight.three. For
- example:
-
- ftp> get internet.basics internet.bas
-
- This says, get the file ╥internet.basics╙ and rename it to ╥internet.bas.╙
-
- Using Gopher
-
- Gopher is a browsing tool that allows you to tunnel through the Internet and
- select resources from menus. Institutions often develop Gopher servers to help
- direct users to information or to make their services known to the Internet
- community. While it is possible to Telnet to Gopher clients to access Gopher
- servers, the best way to access a Gopher server is by using a gopher client
- installed on your personal computer (see page 3-2). In this guide, Gopher sites are
- listed as shown:
-
- High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative
- Access: gopher gopher.hpcc.gov (130.14.15.7)
-
- Using World Wide Web
-
- The World Wide Web (WWW) is likely to become the primary method of accessing
- the Internet in the future. WWW is based on hypertext: a method of presenting
- information where a word or graphic can be expanded to point to more
- information on the topic. While it is possible to telnet to a public-access client
- program, the best way to access a WWW server is by using a browser, such a
- Mosaic or Netscape, installed on your personal computer. In this guide, World
- Wide Web sites are shown a follows:
- Taxing Times - W.J. Proffer, Maxwell Labs
- Access: World Wide Web
- URL: http://inept.scubed.com:8001/tax/tax.html
-
- Access here is written as a uniform resource locator (URL), a standard format for
- noting Internet resources. Http indicates that this is a hypertext resource.
-