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- @SUBJECT:FAQ: International E-mail accessibility
- @PACKOUT:09-01-93;Fr
- Message-ID: <mail/country-codes_746856007@GZA.COM>
- Newsgroup: comp.mail.misc,comp.mail.uucp,news.newusers.questions
- alt.internet.services,alt.answers,comp.answers,news.answers
- Organization: Imperial College London, UK.
-
- Archive-name: mail/country-codes
- Last-modified: 1993/08/11
-
- Based on International Standard ISO 3166 Names
- Compiled by Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond
- E-mail: <ocl@ic.ac.uk>
- Release: 93.8.1
-
- Release Note: a. Algeria with UUCP access
-
- Every now-and-then there are enquiries on the net regarding
- E-mail to a distant country. The question is often of the type
- "has that country got E-mail access ?". The following table is a
- guide of country codes, showing the countries which have access to
- Internet or general E-mail services. The country codes have been
- derived from the International Organization for Standardization
- standard ISO 3166. A country code is taken as a top level domain
- once it is registered at rs.internic.net so *not* all country codes
- listed are top level domains. At the bottom of the table, there is
- also a section of general top level domains, based on the information
- available at rs.internic.net.
-
- NOTES:
-
- 1. Description of codes:
-
- - FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp',
- and internet E-mail.
- - B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet
- DNS (Domain Name System) format.
- - * (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by E-mail. If this is
- not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP
- connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency.
- - PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+)
- - P stands for provisional connection. (+)
- (+) This is used when one or more of the following is true:
- - address not verified or lack of address
- - UUCP dialup not active
- - net connection possible but not officially announced
- - premature official announcement of connection
-
- 2. Networks which are not included:
-
- Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Army) have computers all around the
- world. It is generally possible to assume that wherever there is
- a U.S. military base, there will be a node reachable through gateways.
-
- Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.),
- or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations.
- However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money.
- Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those
- are PRIVATE networks.
-
- Many companies ( like U.S. Sprint, for example ) offer commercial
- services to many countries which are not readily available on
- the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via
- UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 E-mail is usually charged to
- someone and if the telecommunication carrier cannot find someone
- to pay for the message transfer, it will reject it. As a result,
- those types of network have not been included in the list.
- Although a user may RECEIVE E-mail from a user on those networks, one
- may not be able to reply to it.
-
- FIDONET nodes are NOT included. While all nodes agree to forward
- E-mail as a condition to be included in the tables, the high
- cost of phone calls in more exotic locations prompts some
- sysadmins not to want their site publicised. Many FIDO nodes
- exist throughout the Middle-East and Africa.
-
- 3. Updates
-
- The situation changes from day to day. The growth in international
- networking is such that the information contained in this document
- may be out of date by the time it reaches you.
- If you have any update (i.e. knowledge that a new country is connected),
- please send a message to <country-codes@ic.ac.uk>, including an example
- address from the country reached so that it can be verified.
-
- 4. .US sites
-
- While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have
- a name in the format `.US'. That's why the .us domain is only FI and *.
-
- 5. .edu, .com, etc.
-
- The domains in this section are special in that some of them are
- used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet
- access are marked accordingly. However, this doesn't mean that *all*
- of those domains have full internet access. For example,
- only a small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The
- same is true for .com sites, for example.
-
- 6. UK and GB domains
-
- There are two codes for United Kingdom, namely UK and GB. While
- UK is used for addressing of most domains in DNS format, the field
- GB is used mainly in the X.400 addressing of United Kingdom sites.
- However, there is an increasing trend in some United Kingdom sites
- being directly connected to Internet under the GB domain. The GB domain
- is hence a perfectly suitable Internet top level domain.
-
- 7. Main nameservers
-
- This is the main nameserver as listed in the rs.internic.net database.
- Those often change as the network grows, and it is hard to keep track of
- all nameservers, but they should usually work. Nameservers can be
- queried by users using nslookup.
-
- 8. Archiving
-
- Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive
- sites around the world. Amongst them:
-
- rtfm.mit.edu (18.70.0.224) directory: /pub/usenet/news.answers/mail
- lth.se (130.235.20.3) directory: /pub/archive2/netnews/news.answers/mail
- # ftp.uu.net (192.48.96.9) directory: /usenet/news.answers/mail
- # unix.hensa.ac.uk (129.12.21.7) directory: /pub/uunet/usenet/news.answers/mail
- # grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr (134.214.100.25) directory: /pub/faq/mail
-
- (#) those may not be accessible via Bear access or direct PC access
- in some cases.
-
- Via listserver request: listserver@grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr
- with the command: get faq mail/country-codes
-
- All FAQs are also available via listserv@cc1.kuleuven.ac.be or
- listserv@blekul11.bitnet . For an index of all FAQs available,
- put the command GET NETFAQS FILELIST in the body of your message.
-
- The document is also retrievable by E-mail from rtfm.mit.edu by
- sending an E-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu , blank subject line
- and the command: send usenet/news.answers/mail/country-codes
-
- The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using an
- experimental simple mail-server that I have setup from my account.
- Send E-mail to: <ocl@ic.ac.uk> with a subject: archive-server-request
- and the command: get mail/country-codes in the body of your message.
-
- ISO 3166 Codes + Top level domains.
-
- Code Country Conn Notes main nameserver
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- AD Andorra
- AE United Arab Emirates * ns.uu.net
- AF Afghanistan
- AG Antigua and Barbuda * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- AI Anguilla
- AL Albania P gwd2i.cnuce.cnr.it
- AM Armenia Ex-USSR
- AN Netherland Antilles
- AO Angola
- AQ Antarctica FI * luxor.cc.waikato.ac.nz
- AR Argentina FI B * ns.uu.net
- AS American Samoa
- AT Austria FI B * pythia.edvz.univie.ac.at
- AU Australia FI * munnari.oz.au
- AW Aruba
- AZ Azerbaidjan Ex-USSR
- BA Bosnia-Herzegovina Ex-Yugoslavia
- BB Barbados * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- BD Bangladesh
- BE Belgium FI B * ub4b.buug.be
- BF Burkina Faso * orstom.orstom.fr
- BG Bulgaria FI B * pythia.ics.forth.gr
- BH Bahrain B * Gulfnet
- BI Burundi
- BJ Benin
- BM Bermuda * ns.uu.net
- BN Brunei Darussalam
- BO Bolivia * ns.uu.net
- BR Brazil FI B * fpsp.fapesp.br
- BS Bahamas * upr1.upr.clu.edu
- BT Buthan
- BV Bouvet Island
- BW Botswana * hippo.ru.ac.za
- BY Belarus * Ex-USSR
- BZ Belize P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- CA Canada FI B * relay.cdnnet.ca
- CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl.
- CF Central African Rep.
- CG Congo
- CH Switzerland FI B * scsnms.switch.ch
- CI Ivory Coast
- CK Cook Islands
- CL Chile FI B * dcc.uchile.cl
- CM Cameroon FI * in .fr domain inria.inria.fr
- CN China PFI * iraun1.ira.uka.de
- CO Colombia B * cunixd.cc.columbia.edu
- CR Costa Rica FI B * ns.cr
- CS Czechoslovakia FI B * still works... ns.cesnet.cz
- CU Cuba * igc.org
- CV Cape Verde
- CX Christmas Island
- CY Cyprus B * pythia.ics.forth.gr
- CZ Czech Republic FI * ns.cesnet.cz
- DE Germany FI B * deins.informatik.uni-dortmund.de
- DJ Djibouti
- DK Denmark FI B * ns.dknet.dk
- DM Dominica P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- DO Dominican Republic P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- DZ Algeria *
- EC Ecuador FI B * ecua.net.ec
- EE Estonia FI * Ex-USSR uvax2.kbfi.ee
- EG Egypt PFI B * frcu.eun.eg
- EH Western Sahara
- ES Spain FI B * sun.rediris.es
- ET Ethiopia
- FI Finland FI B * funet.fi
- FJ Fiji * truth.waikato.ac.nz
- FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas)
- FM Micronesia
- FO Faroe Islands P danpost.uni-c.dk
- FR France FI B * inria.inria.fr
- FX France (European Ter.) ???
- GA Gabon
- GB Great Britain (UK) FI * X.400 & IP ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
- GD Grenada P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- GE Georgia * Ex-USSR ns.eu.net
- GH Ghana
- GI Gibraltar
- GL Greenland
- GP Guadeloupe (Fr.)
- GQ Equatorial Guinea
- GF Guyana (Fr.)
- GM Gambia
- GN Guinea
- GR Greece FI B * pythia.ics.forth.gr
- GT Guatemala * ns.uu.net
- GU Guam (US)
- GW Guinea Bissau
- GY Guyana
- HK Hong Kong FI B * hp9000.csc.cuhk.hk
- HM Heard & McDonald Isl.
- HN Honduras * ns.uu.net
- HR Croatia FI * Ex-Yugo dns.srce.hr
- HT Haiti
- HU Hungary FI B * sztaki.hu
- ID Indonesia * ns.uu.net
- IE Ireland FI B * nova.ucd.ie
- IL Israel FI B * relay.huji.ac.il
- IN India FI B * sangam.ncst.ernet.in
- IO British Indian O. Terr.
- IQ Iraq
- IR Iran B *
- IS Iceland FI B * isgate.is
- IT Italy FI B * dns.nis.garr.it
- JM Jamaica * upr1.upr.clu.edu
-
- ·
- JO Jordan
- JP Japan FI B * jp-gate.wide.ad.jp
- KE Kenya * rain.psg.com
- KG Kirgistan Ex-USSR
- KH Cambodia
- KI Kiribati
- KM Comoros
- KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- KP Korea (North) P
- KR Korea (South) FI B * ns.kaist.ac.kr
- KW Kuwait FI * No BITNET dns.kuniv.edu.kw
- KY Cayman Islands
- KZ Kazachstan * Ex-USSR in .su domain
- LA Laos
- LB Lebanon P
- LC Saint Lucia P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- LI Liechtenstein PFI * scsnms.switch.ch
- LK Sri Lanka * ns.eu.net
- LR Liberia
- LS Lesotho * hippo.ru.ac.za
- LT Lithuania PFI * Ex-USSR aun.uninett.no
- LU Luxembourg FI B * menvax.restena.lu
- LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR lapsene.mii.lu.lv
- LY Libya
- MA Morocco P
- MC Monaco
- MD Moldavia Ex-USSR
- MG Madagascar
- MH Marshall Islands
- ML Mali
- MM Myanmar
- MN Mongolia
- MO Macau * hkuxb.hku.hk
- MP Northern Mariana Isl.
- MQ Martinique (Fr.)
- MR Mauritania
- MS Montserrat
- MT Malta P ns.iunet.it
- MU Mauritius
- MV Maldives
- MW Malawi
- MX Mexico FI B * mtecv1.mty.itesm.mx
- MY Malaysia FI B * mimos.my
- MZ Mozambique * hippo.ru.ac.za
- NA Namibia * rain.psg.com
- NC New Caledonia (Fr.)
- NE Niger * in .fr domain inria.inria.fr
- NF Norfolk Island
- NG Nigeria
- NI Nicaragua * ns.uu.net
- NL Netherlands FI B * sering.cwi.nl
- NO Norway FI B * nac.no
- NP Nepal
- NR Nauru
- NT Neutral Zone
- NU Niue
- NZ New Zealand FI * truth.waikato.ac.nz
- OM Oman
- PA Panama B *
- PE Peru B * rain.psg.com
- PF Polynesia (Fr.)
- PG Papua New Guinea * munnari.oz.au
- PH Philippines * ns.uu.net
- PK Pakistan * ns.uu.net
- PL Poland FI B * danpost.uni-c.dk
- PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
- PN Pitcairn
- PT Portugal FI B * ns.dns.pt
- PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B * sun386-gauss.pr
- PW Palau
- PY Paraguay * ns.uu.net
- QA Qatar
- RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain inria.inria.fr
- RO Romania FI B * roearn.ici.ac.ro
- RU Russian Federation P Ex-USSR
- RW Rwanda
- SA Saudi Arabia B * GulfNet
- SB Solomon Islands
- SC Seychelles
- SD Sudan
- SE Sweden FI B * sunic.sunet.se
- SG Singapore FI B * solomon.technet.sg
- SH St. Helena
- SI Slovenia FI * Ex-Yugos via .yu klepec.yunac.yu
- SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Is
- SK Slovak Republic FI * ns.eunet.sk
- SL Sierra Leone
- SM San Marino
- SN Senegal * rain.psg.com
- SO Somalia
- SR Suriname P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- ST St. Tome and Principe
- SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used. ns.eu.net
- SV El Salvador
- SY Syria
- SZ Swaziland
- TC Turks & Caicos Islands
- TD Chad
- TF French Southern Terr.
- TG Togo
- TH Thailand FI * chulkn.chula.ac.th
- TJ Tadjikistan Ex-USSR
- TK Tokelau
- TM Turkmenistan * Ex-USSR in .su domain
- TN Tunisia FI B * alyssa.rsinet.tn
- TO Tonga
- TP East Timor
- TR Turkey FI B * knidos.cc.metu.edu.tr
- TT Trinidad & Tobago P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- TV Tuvalu
- TW Taiwan FI B * moevax.edu.tw
- TZ Tanzania
- UA Ukraine FI * Ex-USSR via .su ns.eu.net
- UG Uganda
- UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
- UM US Minor outlying Isl.
- US United States FI * see note (4) venera.isi.edu
- UY Uruguay B * ns.uu.net
- UZ Uzbekistan Ex-USSR
- VA Vatican City State
- VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P upr1.upr.clu.edu
- VE Venezuela FI * nisc.jvnc.net
- VG Virgin Islands (British)
- VI Virgin Islands (US) *
- VN Vietnam *
- VU Vanuatu
- WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
- WS Samoa
- YE Yemen
- YU Yugoslavia FI B * Bitnet is cut klepec.yunac.yu
- ZA South Africa FI * rain.psg.com
- ZM Zambia
- ZR Zaire
- ZW Zimbabwe * rain.psg.com
-
- See Note [5] for the next top level domains (rs.internic.net):
-
- ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works ns.nic.ddn.mil
- COM Commercial FI * ns.internic.net
- EDU Educational FI B * ns.internic.net
- GOV Government FI * ns.internic.net
- INT International field FI * used by Nato ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
- MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil
- NATO Nato field * soon to be deleted
- NET Network FI * ns.internic.net
- ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * ns.internic.net
-
- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information,
- this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY
- an official document. The information given should not be used as a basis
- for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This is a
- voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions could
- be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next release.
- The information included in this document implies no view whatsoever
- regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place listed.
- Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification purposes only.
-
-
- --
- Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond, Digital Comms. Section, Elec. Eng. Department
- Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BT, UK
- Internet/Bitnet: <foobar@ic.ac.uk> - Janet: <foobar@uk.ac.ic>
- ******************************************************************************
-
-