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WED (r) Text Editor Users Manual Version 4.10 Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. WED 4.10 User's Guide Contents Table of Contents i RESISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv ii NOTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Program Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Machine Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Installing WED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 GETTING STARTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 Starting WED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 The Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 The Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.4 The Status Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.5 The Text Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.6 The Help Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.7 Using WED's Pop-up menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.8 The Quit Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.8.1 Keep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.8.2 Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.8.3 New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.8.4 Abort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 MOVING AROUND THE FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1 Moving Around the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1.1 The Arrow Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1.2 The Home and End Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1.3 The Right Word and Left Word Commands . . . . 13 3.1.4 The Next Space Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 The Scroll Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 Up Screen and Down Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4 Repeat Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.5 The Goto Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.5.1 Goto Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5.2 Goto Bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5.3 Goto Line # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.5.4 Goto Pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4 CHANGING THE FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.1 Entering Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2 Insert - Inserting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3 Erase - Erasing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.4 Locating and Replacing Text . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.4.1 Locate and Replace Options . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4.1.1 Occurances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. i WED 4.10 User's Guide Contents 4.4.1.2 Back Wards Option . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4.1.3 Whole Words Option . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.4.1.4 Ignore Case Option . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.4.1.5 No Query Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.4.1.6 Global Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5 ADVANCED COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.1 Setting Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.2 Moving Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.3 Copying Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.4 Zapping Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5.5 Undeleting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.6 Appending Text from Another File . . . . . . . . . 29 5.7 Writing Text to Another File . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.8 Editing Multiple Files (Other) . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.8.1 Opening Other Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5.8.2 Switching Between Files . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.8.3 Quiting Other Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.8.4 The Zoom Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.8.5 Resizing Edit Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.9 Copying Text Between Files (Bridge). . . . . . . . 33 5.10 The DOS Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6 EDITING WITH WORD-WRAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.1 Word-wrap Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.2 Re-flowing a Paragraph with Format . . . . . . . . 35 7 SPECIAL FEATURES FOR PROGRAMMERS . . . . . . . . . 37 7.1 Auto-indent Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.2 Re-indenting With the Format Command . . . . . . . 37 7.3 The Execute Program Command . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.4 The Pop-up ASCII Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8 EDITING SPECIAL CHARACTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.1 Editing Files With Control Characters . . . . . . 41 8.2 Using Text or Graphics Characters . . . . . . . . 41 9 PRINTING FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 10 THE SETUP COMMAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 10.1 Cursor Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10.2 End-Of-Line Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10.3 Locate Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10.4 User Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10.5 Keyboard Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10.6 Split Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 10.7 Insert Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. ii WED 4.10 User's Guide Contents 10.8 <del> Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 10.9 Disable BAK Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 10.10 File Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 10.11 Swap Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 10.12 Monitor Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 10.13 Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 10.14 EGA 43 Line Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 10.15 Snow Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 10.16 Auto Indent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 10.17 Word Wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 10.18 Right Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 10.19 Tab Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 10.20 Tab Stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10.21 Print Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10.22 Print Line Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10.23 Printer Page Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10.24 Printer Page Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.25 Printer Top Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.26 Printer Bottom Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.27 Printer Left Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.28 Printer Right Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.29 Printer Setup String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10.30 Printer Reset String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10.31 Save Setup Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Appendix A Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Appendix B Initial Macro Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Appendix C Graphics Mode Characters . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Appendix D Using WED With Quarterdeck's DESQview . . . . 60 Appendix E New Features in Version 4.00 . . . . . . . . . 61 Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. iii WED 4.00 Users Registration REGISTRATION All versions of WED, including version 4.10, are not public domain software, nor are they free software. WED is copyright (C) 1987-1989 by Washington Computer Co. Non-registered users are granted a limited license to use WED on a trial basis for the purpose of determining whether WED is suitable for their needs. Use of WED, except for this limited purpose, requires registration. Use of non-registered copies of WED by any person, business, corporation, governmental agency or other entity institution is strictly forbidden. Registration permits a user the license to use WED only on a single computer; a registered user may use the program on a different computer, but may not use the program on more than one computer at the same time. All users are granted a limited license to copy WED only for the trial use of others subject to the above limitations, and also the following: o WED must be copied in unmodified form, complete with the file containing this license information. o The full WED documentation must be included with the copy. o No fee, charge or other compensation may be accepted by any licensee. o WED may not be distributed in conjunction with any other product unless written permission is granted by Washington Computer Co. Operators of electronic bulletin board systems may post WED for downloading by their users only as long as the above conditions are met. Distributors of public domain or user supported software may distribute copies of WED subject to the above conditions only after obtaining written permission from Washington Computer Co. Such permission usually is granted; please write for details. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. iv WED 4.00 Users Registration HOW TO ORDER WED A WED registration licenses you to use the product on a regular basis. Registration includes mailed notification of updates, phone support, and one update. There are two registration options for WED: BASIC REGISTRATION: This option costs $30 and includes a diskette containing the latest version of WED along with all of its support files including the disk version of the WED Users Manual. This option also includes one free update to a future version of WED. THE WORKS: This option includes the registration and diskette, plus a printed and bound manual. The manual is over 100 pages long and includes a new reference section not available on disk. The registration, disk, and manual option costs $45 also includes one free update to a future version of WED. BY MAIL Please use the enclosed order form when placing an order. BY PHONE WED can be ordered through PSL by phone using a major credit card. To order call: 1-800-242-4775 (orders only). For more information or technical support, call 1-703-739-9049. CORPORATE PURCHASES All corporate, business, government or other commercial users of WED must be registered. Quantity discounts start at the eleventh copy. For infomation on corporate, site, and source code licensing, contact Mason Washington at Washington Computer Corporation. We accept purchase orders in amounts of $100 or more only. All other orders should be prepaid. Quantity discounts: 0-10 copies: no discount 11-25 copies: 5% discount 26+ copies: 10% discount ALL PRICES AND DISCOUNTS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. Discounts are not cumulative; they apply to single orders of like products only. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. v WED 4.00 Users Order Form Send to: Washington Computer Co. P.O. Box 16504 Alexandria, VA 22302 Please send: _____ WED Registration with disk . . . . @ $ 30.00 ea $ ________ (includes registration plus the WED editor and manual on disk, and one update) _____ Complete WED package . . . . . . . @ $ 45.00 ea $ ________ (includes registration, WED editor on disk, and printed, bound manual with extra reference section, and one update) Subtotal ________ Virginia residents please add 4.5% sales tax ________ Shipping and handling: $4.00 per copy ________ Total $ ________ Payment by: ( ) Check ( ) MC ( ) VISA ( ) PO #_____________ Name : ______________________________________________________ Company : ______________________________________________________ Address : ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Day Phone : ______________________ Eve : ______________________ Card # : ____________________________ Exp. Date : ____________ Signature of cardholder : _____________________________________ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. vi WED 4.00 Warranty COPYRIGHT WED is copyright (c), 1987-1989 by Washington Computer Co. All rights reserved. TRADEMARKS WED is a registered trademark of Washington Computer Co. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. dBASE III a is a registered trademark of Ashton-Tate. NOTICE Washington Computer Co. makes no representations or warranties of any kind whatsoever with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Washington Computer Co. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this product. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. vii WED 4.10 User's Guide Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION WED is a fast and easy to use screen oriented text editor designed for programming and light word processing. Being screen oriented means WED continually displays a region of the file on the screen and allows you to change the file by making changes on the screen. You change the screen by moving the cursor to any place in the file and then typing new text or using any of the advanced edit functions available. WED is easy to learn and work with features like pop-up menus, context sensitive help, and a convenient prompt line that lists the commands while leaving most of the screen available for editing. WED's Undelete command even makes it easy to undo mistakes. With the powerful commands available in WED, you can search and replace text, move or copy blocks of text within a single file or between separate files. The extensive file handling allows multiple files to be edited, split and merged, and includes the ability to split the screen and view two files at the same time. The DOS gateway command allows you to switch to the DOS prompt without leaving the editor. Other advanced features are designed to aid the program- mer. The auto-indent feature and the indent and undent commands save you key strokes while entering and editing programs. The execute command allows you to compile programs without exiting the editor, thus eliminating wasted time spent switching between the editor and the compiler. WED also provides a pop-up ASCII table with decimal, hexidecimal, and other display formats. WED is fast, utilizing all available memory to speed editing operations, and it supports file swapping to enable you to edit very large files. WED supports an extensive setup command that allows you to change parameters that control the way the editor operates. You can make setup changes at any time during an edit session and save them for later edit sessions. The file printing command allows you to print text files and source code listings. Options such as page headers, page numbering, time stamping, line numbering, and margin sizes offer a wide variety of listing formats. In addition, WED works well with the dBASE III system. It can be set up as the default editor and/or word processor using the TEDIT and WP keywords in your CONFIG.DB file. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 1 WED 4.10 User's Guide Introduction 1.2 MACHINE REQUIREMENTS The WED editor will run on IBM PC's and compatibles having at least one disk drive (floppy or hard disk) and 256K RAM. Since the editor is compact, it leaves plenty of room for other files on a single floppy system. WED also works well on hard disk systems; since the main editor is a single executable file with no overlays, it can be placed in a default directory and accessed via the DOS path command. You can use WED with either monochrome or color monitors. If you have a color monitor, you can use the setup command to select the colors that the editor will use during edit sessions. 1.3 INSTALLING WED When you receive WED, it should include the following six files: READ.ME A short text file that should be read before using the editor. ABOUTWED.DOC A short text file that describes the WED text editor and its many features. WEDUSER.DOC This document. APPENDC.DOC Appendix C of the WED User's manual. This section of the manual has been placed in a seperate file because it contains special characters that some printers may not be able to print. WED.EXE The WED text editor program. WED.CFG This file contains WED configuration settings that are maintained with the Setup command. WED.HLP This file contains the text used by the help command. Before you install WED, you should make a backup of the original WED diskette, one that will function as your "master working disk". To do this, you need to create a formatted bootable diskette. Place a blank diskette in drive B and enter the following DOS command: Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 2 WED 4.10 User's Guide Introduction A>FORMAT/S B:<Enter> When format is complete, move the newly formatted diskette to drive A, and place the WED master diskette in drive B. Now copy all of the WED files to the new diskette with the following DOS command: A>COPY B:*.* A:<Enter> After DOS has finished copying the files, remove the WED master diskette and put it away in a safe place, and always use the backup copy as your principal working diskette when using WED. This way you will always have an extra copy if the working diskette is damaged or lost. If you are using a floppy based computer, then you are finished with the installation and can skip over the rest of this section. If your computer has a hard disk, you will want to copy WED to a subdirectory on the hard disk. First you need to create a new subdirectory. Move to the root directory and issue the following command: C\>MKDIR WED<Enter> This will create a subdirectory call WED. Now move into the new subdirectory with the command: C\>CD WED<Enter> Now place your new WED working diskette in drive A and copy the files onto the hard disk: C\WED>COPY A:*.* C:<Enter> If you are using DOS verion 3.00 or latter, you can access WED via the path command, and WED will automatically be able to find its support files, WED.CFG and WED.HLP. If on the other hand, you are using a version of DOS older than 3.00, you need set an environment variable so that WED can find its support files. To do this, add the following Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 3 WED 4.10 User's Guide Introduction line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: SET WED=C:\WEDDIR where "WEDDIR" is the directory in which you placed WED. If you have limited disk space or are using WED from floppy disk, you only need the three files: WED.EXE, WED.CFG, and WED.HLP to run the WED editor. All of the other files that come with WED are documentation files and do not need to be on the disk when you use WED. The final step is to print out a copy of this manual. The manual is formatted for 8 1/2 by 11 inch paper. The printer should be set to a print density of ten CPI (characters per inch) and to a print height of six lines per inch. Make sure the printer is on-line and positioned at the top of a new page. Then use the DOS print command to print the manual: C\>PRINT WEDUSER.DOC<Enter> Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 4 WED 4.10 User's Guide Getting Started 2 GETTING STARTED 2.1 STARTING WED Starting the WED editor is easy, just enter "WED" from the DOS prompt. Remember to complete the entry by pressing the <Enter> key. WED will begin the session by presenting you with the main menu. From the main menu you can select to edit a file, print a file, or modify WED configuration values. Sometimes you may want to move directly to editing a file without passing through the main menu. You can accomplish this by typing the name of the file to edit after "WED" on the command line: C\>WED TEST.TXT<Enter> In this example, WED will move directly to the edit mode with the file, "TEST.TXT." If neccessary, you can specify a drive and/or path with the file name. 2.2 THE MAIN MENU The WED main menu provides access to the three main functional areas of WED, editing, printing, and setup: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | |======================================================| | | | WED TEXT EDITOR, V 4.10 | | | | | | | | Copyright (C) 1989, Washington Computer Corporation | | | |======================================================| | | | | 1. Edit a file | | 2. Print a file | | 3. WED setup menu | | 4. WED ordering info | | 5. Help | | 6. Exit WED | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 5 WED 4.10 User's Guide Getting Started To make a selection, use the <Up> and <Down> cursor keys to move the highlighted bar to the desired option, and then press the <Enter> key. The first option, "Edit a file," is the WED text editing system. When you select this option, WED will display a listing of the files in the current directory, and then prompt for the name of the file you wish to edit. If the file name you enter does not exist, WED will assume that you want to create a new file. The next option, "Print a file," is a function for printing text files with various formatting options. This function can be used to print source code listings as well as document listings. The print file function is described in detail in chapter nine. The third option, "WED setup menu," provides access to the various WED configuration variables. With this function, you can change colors, enter keyboard macros, or modify any of the other setup parameters. The setup function is described in detail in chapter ten. The next option, "WED ordering info," displays information on how to order registered copies of WED. The fifth option, "Help," displays a help screen which describes the main menu options. The last option, "Exit WED," causes WED to terminate and return control to DOS. 2.3 THE COMMAND LINE The top line of the edit screen is reserved for the command line. In the main edit command mode, the command line looks like this: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 112 Col 45 Overwrite Size: 12K Free: 248K| |==========================| demo.c |==========================| | WHILE get_next_char(c) DO | | put_next_char(c); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ This command line provides you with a quick reference of the WED commands. To execute one of the commands, hold down the Alt key (located to the left of the space bar) and type the Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 6 WED 4.10 User's Guide Getting Started first letter of the command. For example, to execute the Move command, hold down the Alt key and type M. We call this combination of keys Alt keys. In this example the move key would be denoted as Alt-M. Because WED has more commands than can fit on one line, the Next command has been provided. This command enables you to see the rest of the commands. Type Alt-N, and WED will show you additional commands. 2.4 THE STATUS LINE The status line is the second line on the main edit screen. It provides you with useful information about the current edit session. Below is an example of a typical status line: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 112 Col 45 Overwrite Size: 12K Free: 248K| |==========================| demo.c |==========================| | WHILE get_next_char(c) DO | | put_next_char(c); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ On the left side of the line, WED displays the current line and column at which the cursor is positioned. The next entry shows the current Insert mode state (overwrite or insert). To the right of the Insert mode indicator is a space reserved for the graphics mode indicator. When you toggle the graphics mode on, WED displays "Graphics" in this space. The last two entries provide information about the size of the current edit file and the amount of free space remaining in the main edit buffer. These values are shown in kilobytes (1024 characters). Just below the status line, there is a double line which separates the command and status lines from the main text window. Notice that the name of the current edit file is displayed in the center of this line. 2.5 THE TEXT WINDOW All of the space below the status lines is used to display the file text. This area is called the text window Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 7 WED 4.10 User's Guide Getting Started because it acts like a window into the file. It continuously displays the region of the file being edited. The text window will always contain the edit cursor which is displayed as a blinking block or underline. The cursor indicates the current edit position in the file. Any text you enter will be placed in the file at the current cursor location, and most commands you execute will start from the cursor location. WED provides many commands for moving the cursor around the file, including commands for moving the cursor to the next character, word, or line, or back to the previous character, word or line. These commands are described in detail in chapter 3. As you move the cursor through the file, WED will adjust the text window so that it always displays the file region surrounding the cursor location. WED is designed to operate in the standard PC video mode in which the screen can display eighty columns per line. This is wide enough for most text files, but occasionally you will need to edit a file with lines longer than eighty columns. WED handles these cases with a feature call horizontal scrolling, which, simply stated, is the ability to scroll (move) the text sideways as you attempt to move the cursor past the side of the screen. With horizontal scrolling, WED can edit files with lines as long as 32,000 columns. At the end of each line WED will display a special end of line character that looks like two left facing arrows. This character indicates the presence of the standard text line terminating sequence, a carriage return followed by a line feed character. 2.6 THE HELP COMMAND One of the first commands you should learn is the Help command. This command provides a convenient on-line reference guide to the WED text editor. You can call up help screens any time you are not sure how to use a particular command. Just type Alt-H and WED will display the help menu: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 112 Col 45 Overwrite Size: 12K Free: 248K| |=======================|=============| WED HELP |============|| | WHILE get_next_char| cursor Erase Move Setup || | put_next_char(c);| quick Format Next Text || | | || | | Use cursor keys to move, <Enter> to || | |--------| <Esc> to exit Help |-------|| +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 8 WED 4.10 User's Guide Getting Started Now use the cursor keys to move to the desired help topic and then press <Enter> to view the selected help screen. When you have read the help screen, press <space> to return to the help menu. You can then select other help topics, or press <Esc> to return to the main edit mode. The Help command reads the instruction text from a file called WED.HLP. Before you can use the Help command, you must make sure that the help file is available and that WED knows were it is. Refer to section 1.3 for directions on setting up the help file. If the help file is not setup correctly and you try to invoke the Help command, WED will display an error message. 2.7 USING WED'S POP-UP MENUS Many of WED's editing commands communicate with you via pop-up menus. These menus are usually displayed in the upper right corner of the screen, and contain a list of possible options. To select one of the options, use the <Up> and <Dn> cursor keys to move the highligted menu bar to the desired option and then press the <Enter> key. Alternately, if you type the first letter of the desired option, WED will immediately select that option. All of WED's pop-up menus have the ability to display help screens that describe the options and their functions in detail. To access a menus help screen, either select the "Help" option, or type alt-H (hold down the <Alt> key and press the "H" key at the same time). All of the pop-up menus allow you to abort the menu by pressing the <Esc> key. When you abort a menu, WED exits that menu without performing any actions. 2.8 THE QUIT COMMAND When you are finished editing a file, type Alt-Q to invoke the quit command. This command provides functions for saving and quiting the current file. When WED saves a file, it first renames the original copy of that file to .BAK, and then saves the new version of the file. For example, if you save the file DEMO.PAS, WED will first rename the original to DEMO.BAK and then will save the newly edited version as DEMO.PAS. If you desire, you can use the Setup command to suspend the automatic backup feature. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 9 WED 4.10 User's Guide Getting Started Sometimes when WED is saving a new or revised file, it is possible to encounter a full disk or other disk problem. If this occurs, WED will display an error message describing the problem and then prompt you as follows: Enter file to write to: Now enter a new file name to write the revised file to. This name can include a new drive and/or path. The quit command has several options described below. +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |===========================| demo.c |==|======| QUIT |======|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Save edit file | | | return(Col + 1); | Keep and exit WED | | | else | Write and continue | | | if (c == TAB) | Abandon file | | | return(Next_Tab(Col); | Help | | | else |====================| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ 2.7.1 Save edit file The Save option is the most commonly used Quit option. Type S from the quit menu and WED will save the current file and then exit to the main menu. If you are editing more than one file (with the Other file command), WED will exit the current file and switch to one of the other files. 2.7.2 Keep and exit WED The Keep option is similar to the Save option except that it exits to DOS instead of the main menu after saving the edit file. 2.7.3 Write and continue The Write option allows you to save the current edit file without ending that edit session. When you select Write, WED saves the current edit file and then continues the edit session. This option is convenient when you want to periodically write your changes to disk during a long edit session. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 10 WED 4.10 User's Guide Getting Started 2.7.4 Abandon file With the abandon option, you can exit the current file without saving the file to disk. Any changes you have made during the current edit session will be lost. This option is useful when you have made a serious error during the edit session. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 11 WED 4.10 User's Guide Moving Around 3 MOVING AROUND THE FILE 3.1 MOVING AROUND THE SCREEN With WED you can easily move the cursor around in your file by character, word, line, or page. You can even move to the beginning or end of a file with a few keystrokes. Moving with cursor control commands does not affect your text. The cursor simply moves through words without changing them. 3.1.1 The Arrow Keys The WED editor provides many commands for moving the cursor around the screen. The most often used are the arrow keys on the numeric keypad at the right of the keyboard. The left and right arrow keys move the cursor one character to the left and right respectively. Notice that when you try to move right past the end of the line, the cursor is moved to the first character of the next line, and conversely, if you try to move left past the first column of the line, the cursor will move up to the last character on the line above. An easier way to move the cursor up or down one line is provided with the up and down arrow keys. The up arrow key moves the cursor up one line. If possible, WED will move the cursor to the same column in the above line. If the line above does not extend out to the current column, then the cursor will be placed on the last character of that line. The down arrow key performs just like the up key, but in the opposite direction. There is another key that performs a similar function to the down cursor key. Pressing the <Enter> key moves the cursor to the first character of the next line. 3.1.2 The Home and End Keys There are more keys that provide for convenient movement of the cursor. Pressing the Home key moves the cursor to the first character on the current line, and pressing the End key moves the cursor to the last character of the line. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 12 WED 4.10 User's Guide Moving Around 3.1.3 The Right Word and Left Word Commands The Right Word and Left Word commands are similar to the right and left arrow keys, only they work in increments of words instead of characters. To use these commands, hold down the control key while pressing either the right or left cursor key. Typing ctrl-<right arrow> moves the cursor to the first character of the next word in the file, and typing ctrl-<left arrow> moves the cursor to the first character of the previous word (next word to the left) in the file. 3.1.4 The Next Space Command The Next Space command is similar to the Right Word command. Press the tab key, and WED will move the cursor to the next space or carriage return character in the file. 3.2 THE SCROLL COMMANDS There are two types of scrolling in the WED editor, vertical scrolling and horizontal scrolling. With vertical scrolling, the entire text window is moved up or down a line at a time. WED automatically performs vertical scrolling when you try to move the cursor past the top or the bottom edges of the text window. With the scrolling commands, you can scroll the text window without moving the cursor (unless it is at the top or bottom of text window). Type ctrl-<PgUp> to scroll the text up, or ctrl-<PgDn> to scroll the text down. Horizontal scrolling is similar to vertical scrolling, except that the text window is move left or right a column at a time. As with vertical scrolling, WED automatically scrolls the text window left or right when you move the cursor past the left or right margins. To perform horizontal scrolling without moving the cursor, type ctrl-<Home> to scroll left or ctrl-<End> to scroll right. Remember, WED requires that the cursor remain in the text window and on one of the characters in the file. This means that you can not scroll the screen left if the cursor is in left column of the screen and on the last character of a line. 3.3 UP SCREEN AND DOWN SCREEN The up and down arrow keys are fine for moving around the screen, but sometimes you need to move the cursor more than Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 13 WED 4.10 User's Guide Moving Around just a couple of lines. The up screen and down screen functions are useful for these situations. These commands move the cursor an entire screen at a time. This is twenty-two lines when in the full screen mode, and ten or eleven lines when in the split screen mode. The Down Screen function is activated by pressing the <PgDn> key, and the Up Screen function by pressing the <PgUp> key. Both of these functions can be used with a repeat factor to move large distances through the file. Repeat factors are explained below. 3.4 REPEAT FACTORS Sometimes, when moving around the file, it is necessary to repeat a command several times. For example, if you want to move the cursor down five screens of text, you have to press the <PgDn> key five times. WED provides an easier way of repeating a command. You can enter a repeat factor before a command to tell WED how many times to execute the command. To enter a repeat factor, use the numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard. Hold down the shift key and type the number (between 1 and 9999) and then the appropriate command key. For example to move the cursor down 9 screens, type the following: shift-9<PgDn>. Repeat factors are also useful when setting up repeat loops in command macros. For more information on command macros, refer to chapters 5 and 8. 3.5 THE GOTO FUNCTION The Goto command provides a means for quickly moving the cursor to a particular place in the file. With the Top and Bottom subcommands, you can move directly to the top or the bottom of the file. The Line subcommand enables you to move directly to any line by specifying a particular line number. Also, the Goto command allows you to move directly to any pointer you have set during the edit session. For more information on pointers, refer the section on setting pointers. To invoke Goto, type Alt-G and WED will display the Goto menu: Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 14 WED 4.10 User's Guide Moving Around +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |===========================| demo.c |============|=| GOTO |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Top | | | return(Col + 1); | Bottom | | | else | Line # | | | if (c == TAB) | 1 154 | | | return(Next_Tab(Col); | Help | | | else |==========| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ If any pointers are set, they will be listed along with the number of the line on which they are set. In the above example, pointer one has been set on line 154. 3.5.1 Goto Top Select "Top" to move the cursor directly to the top of the current edit file. 3.5.2 Goto Bottom Select "Bottom" to move the cursor to the bottom (end) of the current edit file. 3.5.3 Goto Line Number To move directly to a particular line, select "Line #" and WED will prompt as follows: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |===========================| demo.c |============|=| GOTO |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Top | | | return(Col + 1); | Bottom | | | else | Line # | | | if (c == TAB) |=======| Goto Line |======|4 | | | return(Next_Tab(Co| Enter line number: _____ | | | | else |==========================|==| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 15 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File Enter the number of the line you wish to go to, and WED will move the cursor to that line. 3.5.4 Goto Pointer If you have set any of WED's eight edit pointers, you can move the cursor directly to one of them by selecting that pointer from the Goto Menu. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 16 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File 4 CHANGING THE FILE 4.1 ENTERING TEXT When you first enter WED, the editor is in overwrite mode. This is the mode from which you perform most of the editing functions including text entry. Entering text is easy. Just type the text the way you want it to appear. As you type each character, it appears on the screen at the current cursor position and the cursor then moves one character to the right. If the cursor is positioned over an existing character in the text, then the character you type will overwrite the existing character. There are several special cases when entering text at the main edit mode. WED will never allow you to overwrite a carriage return. If you enter new text while the cursor is positioned at the end of a line, then the text will be inserted ahead of the carriage return. Another special case concerns the operation of the <Enter> key. Normally, when you press this key, the cursor moves to the first character of the next line. There is an exception to this though. If the cursor is positioned at the bottom of the file and you strike the <Enter> key, then WED will insert a carriage return and move the cursor to the beginning of the new line. 4.2 INSERTING TEXT There are four commands for inserting text into a file. The first two commands, Insert Space and Insert Carriage Return, are useful for inserting just a few characters into a file. The Insert Space command inserts a space character at the cursor location. To use this command, place the cursor at the position you want to insert a new character, press the grey plus <+> key located on the right keypad, and WED will insert a space at the cursor location. You can also use the Insert Space command to insert characters other than spaces into your file. First press the grey <+> key to insert the space. Notice that WED leaves the cursor on the newly inserted space. Now just type the character you want to insert and it will overwrite the new space. Another useful command for quick insertions is the New line command. This command inserts a carriage return at the cursor location. To use this command, hold down the <Ctrl> key and type M (Ctrl-M). Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 17 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File The other two insert commands are more useful when you need to insert larger amounts of text. Both commands perform similar functions, but with different approaches. When using WED, you can use either command to perform general text inserting. Which command you choose will depend mostly on you personal preferences. The first of these commands, the insert mode, is activated by typing Alt-I. When WED is in the insert mode, you can continue to move around the file and execute commands just like the overwrite mode. The difference is, any text you type in the insert mode will be inserted ahead of the current cursor location. The last command is the Insert command. This command also allows you to enter continuous text. But, unlike the insert mode, you can not perform other editing tasks while using the Insert command. The Insert command is sometimes easier to use than the insert mode because it opens a blank area on the screen in which you enter text. You may find this helps you visualize what you are typing. To use this command, move the cursor to the character in front of which you want to insert text, and press the <Ins> key to enter the Insert mode. WED will then open two blank lines in which you can begin entering new text. +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |INSERT: Enter text, then <Ins> | |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |===========================| demo.c |=========================| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | | | | | | return(Col + 1); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ You can now enter the text you wish to insert. While you are in Insert mode, there are two keys available for correcting mistakes: the backspace key (the key directly above the <Enter> key) will erase the last character entered, and the <Home> key will erase all of the characters entered on the current line. As you add lines, the text below the insert will automatically drop down to make more room. If auto indent mode is turned on, WED will insert spaces for indentation at the beginning of each new line. Refer to section 6.1 for more information on auto indenting. When you have typed all that you want to insert, type Alt-I or press the <Ins> to exit insert mode. The gap after the inserted text will be closed, and the Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 18 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File command line will return to its normal state. You can abort an insert session by pressing the <Esc> key while in insert mode. WED will prompt you with the question "ABORT(Y/N)?" in the upper right hand corner of the screen. Enter "N" to continue inserting, or "Y", to abort the inserted text. If you choose yes, the text you have inserted will be erased and WED will return to the command mode. 4.3 ERASING TEXT WED provides three commands for erasing text from a file. The first two commands, Delete Character and Erase, are described in this section. The third command, Zap, is described in section 5.4. The Delete Character command is best for erasing just a few characters. There are two variations of this command: Delete Left and Delete cursor. To delete left, press the backspace key and WED will delete the character immediately to the left of the cursor. To delete cursor, press the minus key (located at the far right on the keyboard) and the character under the cursor will be deleted. For removing more than a few characters at a time, the Erase command is more practical. This command is invoked by typing Alt-E or by pressing the <Del> key. To use the command, move the cursor to the first character of the section of text that you want to remove. Then type Alt-E or <Del> and the following prompt will be displayed: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |ERASE: Move Cursor, then <Del> | |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |===========================| demo.c |=========================| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | | return(Col + 1); | | else | | if (c == TAB) | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now use the standard cursor movement commands to move the cursor to the last character of the text to be removed. As you move the cursor, the text between the starting point and the cursor will be shown in low intensity to designate that text as marked for erasure. Notice that you can move the cursor to the left and/or up to un-mark text. When the cursor is on the last character of the text to be erased, type Alt-E or <Del> and the Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 19 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File text will be removed. If, while you are using the erase command, you decide that you really don't want to erase this text, you can press the <Esc> key and WED will abort the Erase command. If you use the Erase command to delete a large block of text you may encounter the message, "text too large for delete buffer, ok to delete anyway?" This means the the block of text you are about to delete is too large to fit in the delete buffer and thus you will not be able to later retrieve the text using the Undelete command. Type "Y" to complete the Erase operation, or type "N" to cancel the command. 4.4 LOCATING AND REPLACING TEXT You can locate, locate and replace, or locate and delete any word or phrase (string of characters) in your file by using the Locate and Replace commands. Your string can be as long as 66 characters. Type Alt-L to invoke the Locate command: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=====================| LOCATE |========================|=| | | Enter text, then <Ret> | | | | | | | |=======================================================| | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now type the word or phrase you wish to locate. If you make any errors, WED provides some basic editing functions for correcting the entry. The left and right cursor keys move the cursor left and right, and the Home and End keys move the cursor to the beginning or the end of the entry. Both the minus key and the <Del> key delete the character under the cursor. The plus key inserts a space at the cursor, and the <Ins> key toggles between insert mode and overwrite mode. Finally, typeing ctrl-<End> deletes from the cursor to the end of the entry. When the entry is correct, press the return key and WED will then prompt you for options: Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 20 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=====================| LOCATE |========================|=| | | Enter text, then <Ret> | | | | line_number | | | |==============================|=====| Options |======|=| | | if (c == TAB) | occurences 1 | | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | Backward | | | else | Whole words only | | | if (c == CR) | Ignore case | | | return(1); | Help | | | else |=| <Space> to select =| | | if (c < ' ') | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ These options are explained in section 4.4.1. To search without options, just press the return key. WED will then search from the current cursor location down towards the end of the file. If it finds the phrase you entered, the cursor will be moved to that location in the file. If it cannot find the phrase, the cursor will not be moved. If you then want to locate the next occurrence of the same phrase, type Ctrl-L (hold down the <Ctrl> key while pressing the L key) and WED will locate the next occurrence of that phrase using the same locate options. There is an additional feature for the Locate command which can be activated with the Setup command. When you set the Locate key flag to keep, WED will remember each time you try to locate a phrase. The next time you issue the Locate command, WED will display the search phrase from the last time you issued the command. You can then edit that phrase or type in a new one. This feature is convenient when you perform many searches for similar phrases. For more information on selecting this feature, refer to section 9.3. The Replace command is similar to the Locate command. To invoke it, type Alt-R: Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 21 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=====================| REPLACE |=======================|=| | | Enter old text, then <Ret> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |=======================================================| | | if (c == CR) | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now type the word or phrase you wish to replace. Complete the entry by pressing the return key. WED will then prompt you for the replacement word or phrase: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=====================| REPLACE |=======================|=| | | Enter old text, then <Ret> | | | | line_number | | | | Enter new text, then <Ret> | | | | | | | |=======================================================| | | if (c == CR) | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now enter the replacement string and complete the entry with the Enter key. The options prompt will then be displayed: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=====================| REPLACE |=======================|=| | | Enter old text, then <Ret> | | | | line_number | | | | Enter new text, then <Ret> | | | | new_line_number | | | |==============================|=====| Options |======|=| | | if (c == CR) | occurences 1 | | | return(1); | Backward | | | else | Whole words only | | | if (c < ' ') | Ignore case | | | return(col + 2)| No query | | | else | Global | | | return(col + 1)| Help | | | |=| <Space> to select =| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 22 WED 4.10 User's Guide Changing the File To replace without options, just press the Enter key. WED will then search from the current cursor location down towards the end of the file. If it finds the phrase you entered, the cursor will be moved to that location in the file, and the prompt "REPLACE?" will appear in the upper right corner of the screen. Type "Y" and the string will be replaced. If WED cannot find the phrase, the cursor will be left in its original position. If you want to perform the same replacement on the next occurrence of the string, type Ctrl-R and WED will repeat the Replace command, using the same search and replacement strings and the same options. 4.4.1 Locate and Replace Options Six options help you to define the scope of your locate or replace operation, each in a specific way. When you just press the return key at the options prompt, WED looks for an exact string of characters and conducts the search forward from the current cursor position. The options give you considerably more flexibility. You can choose none, one or several of the options. To select an option, use to cursor keys to move the cursor bar to the desired option. Then just press the <space> key to select that option. Pressing the <space> key again will deselect that option. You can also select or deselect an option by typing the first letter of the option. For example, type "B" to select "Backward." When you have select your desired options, press the <Enter> key and WED will begin searching. Each of the available options is described in the following paragraphs. 4.4.1.1 Occurrences Both the Locate and Replace commands allow you to specify the number of times to peform the operation. This is referred to in the options menu as "occurrences." The default value is one which means locate (or replace) the first occurrence of the phrase. To change this value just enter the desired number from any position in the options menu. Notice that the value is displayed next to the "occurrences" prompt. You can correct the entry by using the <backspace> key. 4.4.1.2 Backwards Option The Backward option, causes WED to search backward from the current cursor location to the beginning of the file. It can Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 23 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands be used with either the Locate or the Replace command.' 4.4.1.3 Whole Words Option The whole words option instructs WED to search for whole words only. WED will skip over strings that are embedded in other words. For example, if your search string is "the" and the cursor is at the beginning of the following line: "and then the . . ." Locate will not stop at "then" even though it begins with the string "the". Instead, Locate will stop at the whole word "the". 4.4.1.4 Ignore Case Option The ignore case option instructs WED to ignore the difference between upper and lower case letters. It will find all occurrences of the string, regardless of which letters are capitalized. 4.4.1.5 No Query Option The No Query option, only pertains to the Replace command. Normally, the Replace command asks for your approval before each replace operation. With the No Query option, you instruct WED to replace without querying for approval. This feature is useful when performing multiple replaces. When replacing with the No Query option, WED will show you each replacement as it occurs, unless you also choose the Global option, in which case WED performs all replacements before showing the altered file. 4.4.1.6 Global Option With the Global option you can instruct WED to replace all occurrences of your string in the entire file. WED will start processing at the beginning of the file and work towards the end. If you use this option in conjunction with the Backward option, WED will start at the end of the file and work towards the beginning. When you use this option with the No Query option, WED will perform all replaces before showing you the altered file. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 24 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands 5 ADVANCED COMMANDS 5.1 SETTING POINTERS WED allows you to set up to eight pointers in the text while you are editing. These pointers can be used for quick cursor movement with the Goto command, or they can be used to mark text for block commands such as Move and Copy which are described below. To set a pointer, you must first move the cursor to the location you want to place the pointer. Then type Alt-P to invoke the Pointer command: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |===========================| demo.c |=========|=| POINTER |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | 1 154 | | | return(Col + 1); | 2 | | | else | 3 | | |[4] if (c == TAB) | 4 45 | | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | 5 | | | else | 6 | | | if (c == CR) | 7 | | | return(1); | 8 | | | else | Help | | | if (c < ' ') |==| <Esc> |==| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ If any of the pointers are already set, the number of the line on which they are set will be displayed next to the pointer number. In addition, if any of the pointers are set to a position within the text window, their position in the text will be indicated with the pointer number enclosed in square brackets. In the example screen above, pointers one and four have been set. Pointer four's position falls within the edit window and is indicated by "[4]." Now just select one of the pointers to set it to the current cursor location. If you pick a pointer that is already set, it will forget the old location and be set to the current location. WED will indicate the new setting by displaying the pointer number in square brackets at the new pointer position in the text. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 25 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands 5.2 MOVING TEXT The Move command moves a marked section of text from one part of a file to another. This is a useful command if you want to move an entire paragraph or section of a file to another location within the file. Before you can execute the Move command, you must place pointers at the beginning and the end of the block of text that you want to move. After you have marked the block to be moved, move the cursor to the desired target location. Now invoke the Move command by typing Alt-M: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=======================| MOVE |========================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 2 starting at | | | |====================| H for Help |=====================| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ In this example, pointers number 1 and 2 have been set, as indicated by the "1" and the "2" in the prompt line. Now enter the number of the pointer that marks the beginning of the block to be moved. Note that you can also use the Top, Bottom, or Current location as an end point. After you have entered the first pointer number (in this example, 1), the prompt will change to the following: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=======================| MOVE |========================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 2 starting at 1, ending at | | | |====================| H for Help |=====================| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now enter the number of the pointer that marks the end of the block to be moved, and WED will move the block of text to the current cursor location. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 26 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands 5.3 COPYING TEXT The Copy command makes a duplicate copy of a marked section of text in the file and places that copy at the current cursor location. This is a useful command if you want to repeat a section of your text once or more in a file. Before you can execute the Copy command, you must place pointers at the beginning and the end of the block of text that you want to copy. After you have marked the block to be copied, move the cursor to the desired target location. Now invoke the Copy command by typing Alt-C. +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=======================| COPY |========================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 4 starting at | | | |====================| H for Help |=====================| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ In this example, pointers number 1 and 2 have been set as indicated by the "1" and the "4" in the prompt line. Now enter the number of the pointer that marks the beginning of the block to be copied. Note that you can also use the Top, Bottom, or Current location as an end point. After you have entered the first pointer number (in this example, 1), the prompt will change to the following: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=======================| COPY |========================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 4 starting at 1, ending at | | | |====================| H for Help |=====================| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now enter the number of the pointer that marks the end of the block to be copied, and WED will copy the block of text to the current cursor location. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 27 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands 5.4 ZAPPING TEXT The Zap command provides a quick way to delete large sections of text from your file. Before you can execute the Zap command, you must place pointers at the beginning and the end of the block of text that you want to delete. After you have marked the block to be deleted, type Alt-Z to invoke the Zap command: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|========================| ZAP |========================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 2 starting at | | | |====================| H for Help |=====================| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ In this example, the number 1 and 2 pointers have been set as indicated by the "1" and the "2" in the prompt line. Now enter the number of the pointer that marks the beginning of the block to be deleted. Note that you can also use the Top, Bottom, or Current location as an end point. After you have entered the first pointer number (in this example, 1), the prompt will change to the following: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|========================| ZAP |========================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 2 starting at 1, ending at | | | |====================| H for Help |=====================| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now enter the number of the pointer that marks the end of the block to be deleted, and WED will delete the block of text from the file. If you use the Zap command to delete a large block of text you may encounter the message, "text too large for delete buffer, ok to delete anyway?" This means the the block of text Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 28 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands you are about to delete is too large to fit in the delete buffer and thus you will not be able to later retrieve the text using the Undelete command. Type "Y" to complete the Zap operation, or type "N" to cancel the command. 5.5 UNDELETING TEXT When you delete text with the Erase or Zap commands, WED automatically saves the deleted text in the delete buffer. With the Undelete command you can retrieve the most recently deleted block of text. To Undelete text, move the cursor to the point at which you want the deleted text placed, and type Alt-U. The delete buffer also be used for quick cut and paste operations. Simply delete the source block, move the cursor to the new position, and then use the Undelete command to insert the deleted block at the new location. 5.6 APPENDING TEXT FROM ANOTHER FILE The Append command enables you to insert text from another file into the file you are currently editing. To invoke the Append command, first move the cursor to the position at which you want the other file inserted, and then type Alt-A: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|====================| APPEND FILE |====================|=| | | Path: C:\C\SOURCE | | | | File: ____________________________________________ | | | | | | | | READ ME WED C WEDFILES C WEDFILES OBJ | | | | WEDOTHER C WEDOTHER OBJ WEDUTILY C | | | |==| Ctrl-PgDn for new dir; Ctrl-Home for current dir |=| | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Enter the name of the file you wish to insert. Include the disk drive and path if desired. If you don't, WED will default to the same disk and path of the main edit file. WED will then insert that entire file at the current cursor location. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 29 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands 5.7 WRITING TEXT TO ANOTHER FILE The Write command writes a marked block of text from the current file to a new file on disk. It is a useful command for creating stock paragraphs or for saving sections of a file that will later be inserted into other files. Before you can execute the Write command, you must place pointers at the beginning and the end of the block of text that you want to write. After you have marked the block to be written, type Alt-W to invoke the write command. WED will prompt you as follows: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=======================| WRITE |=======================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 2 starting at | | | |====================| H for Help |=====================| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ In this example, pointers number 1 and 2 have been set as indicated by the "1" and the "2" in the prompt line. Now enter the number of the pointers that mark the beginning and end of the block to be written. Note that you can also use the Top of file, Bottom of file, or Current cursor location as an end points. Now enter the number of the pointer that marks the end of the block to be written. WED will now ask you for the file to write to: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |====|=======================| WRITE |=======================|=| | | Top Bottom Current 1 2 starting at | | | |===================| WRITE TO FILE |===================| | | | Path: C:\C\SOURCE | | | | File: ____________________________________________ | | | | | | | | READ ME WED C WEDFILES C WEDFILES OBJ | | | | WEDOTHER C WEDOTHER OBJ WEDUTILY C | | | |==| Ctrl-PgDn for new dir; Ctrl-Home for current dir |=| | | else | | if (c == TAB) | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 30 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands Enter the name of the file to which you wish to write the block of text and press the return key. You can include a disk drive and path when entering the name. If you don't, WED will default to the same disk and path as the main edit file. WED will now write the marked text out to the specified file. Note that if you specify the name of an existing file, that file will be replaced by the new file. 5.8 EDITING OTHER FILES Often, while editing, you will run across situations where it is desirable to be able to switch back and forth between several files with a minimum of time and effort. With the Other files command, WED allows you to load up to ten seperate edit files at one time. You can easily switch between those files, copy text between them, and even display two of them at the same time. With this powerful feature, the task of working on large systems that span over multiple files is greatly simplified. For example, you could display an external declaration in one window while editing the code that uses that declaration in the other window, or you could copy select sections of text of code from one file to another. 5.8.1 Opening Other Files To execute the Other file command, type Alt-O from the main edit menu. WED will display the Other File menu: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |===========================| demo.c |=====|=| OTHER FILE |==|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Open other file | | | return(Col + 1); | Zoom (in/out) | | | else | Resize window | | | if (c == TAB) | Help | | | if (c < ' ') |====| <Esc> |====| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Select "Open other file" and WED will prompt for the name of the Other file to edit. If you enter the name of a file which does not exist, WED will create a new file. Once the other file is loaded, you can edit it with all Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 31 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands the features available for the primary file. With the split screen feature described below, WED can split the display screen and display both edit files simultaneously. You can repeat the Load Other File command, loading up to ten files at the same time. 5.8.2 Switching Between Files Switching between files loaded with the Other files command is easy. Type Alt-O to envoke the Other files command and WED will list any other open files at the bottom of the menu: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |=====|=| OTHER FILE |==|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Open other file | | | return(Col + 1); | Zoom (in/out) | | | else | Resize window | | | if (c == TAB) | Help | | | return(Next_Tab(Col)); | | | | else | 0 C:\demo.c | | | if (c < ' ') |====| <Esc> |====| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now just select the desired file from the list of open files. 5.8.3 Quiting Other Files Quiting a file when more than one file is loaded is the same as quitting with only one file loaded, only instead of returning to the main menu or exiting to DOS, WED will switch to the next most recently accessed open file. 5.8.4 The Zoom Command As mentioned above, WED has the ability to display two files at the same time. This is called split screen editing and is accomplished by splitting the screen with a horzontal line and displaying one file in the top window and the other in the lower Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 32 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands window. You can switch back and forth between full screen editing and split screen editing with the "Zoom (in/out)" option of the Other files command. You can set the default mode (split or full screen) with the Setup command. 5.8.5 Resizing Windows When you use the split screen mode, WED splits the screen in the middle by default. You can change this with the "Resize window" option of the Other files command. Select the option, then use the <up> and <down> cursor keys to move the split bar to the desired row, and then press the <Esc> key to complete the operation. The can set the default size for split screens with the Setup command. 5.9 COPYING TEXT BETWEEN FILES The Bridge command is similar to the Copy command, only it copies text from another file, thus providing a bridge between the two files. To use Bridge, you must first load both files using the Other file command. The next step is to place pointers at the beginning and the end of the block of text that you want to copy. After you have marked the block to be copied, switch to the destination file by typing Alt-O. Now move the cursor to the place in the destination file that you want the block copied to. Type Alt-B and WED will prompt for the source file (the file containing the text to be copied): +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |=====|=| OTHER FILE |==|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | From what file? | | | return(Col + 1); | | | | else | 1 C:\C\wed.c | | | if (c < ' ') |====| <Esc> |====| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Next, WED will prompt for the beginning and ending points of the block of text. Specify the pointers in the same manner as with the Copy command. Remember that the pointers you are referring to are the pointers set in the source file. WED will then copy the text from the other file into the current file at the current cursor location. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 33 WED 4.10 User's Guide Advanced Commands 5.10 THE DOS COMMAND WED provides a gateway to DOS which allows you to execute DOS commands or other programs without ending the WED edit session. To use this feature, type Alt-D from the main menu. The screen will clear and the DOS prompt will be displayed. You can now enter commands just as you would at the normal DOS prompt. When you wish to return to the editor, enter "EXIT", and WED will resume the interupted edit session. When you use the DOS gateway command, WED remains in memory along with the file(s) you are editing. This means that there will be less memory available to any programs you run while under this command. If you change drives or subdirectories while in the DOS gateway, you must change back before you return to WED with the "EXIT" command. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 34 WED 4.10 User's Guide Word Wrap 6 EDITING WITH WORD-WRAP The word-wrap option in WED is designed to support documentation tasks. When the word-wrap option is turned on, you can enter text into your document without worrying about where the right margin is. When you type past the right margin, WED will automatically break the current line at the last word break and then move the current word to the next line. If you make changes to the text, you can reallign the margins with the format command. 6.1 WORD-WRAP MODE To use the word-wrap mode, you must first set the word-wrap setup field to "on," and select the desired right margin setting. To do this, use the Setup command described in chapter ten. Once you have selected the word-wrap mode, you can begin entering text with either the insert or overwrite mode. When you type past the right margin that you selected with the Setup command, WED will scan back to the beginning of the current word and insert a carrage return. The current word will be moved to the next line where you can continue typing. Thus, with the word-wrap mode, you need only worry about the right margin once. Then you can type text continuously, letting WED place line breaks where needed. Sometimes you may need to sections of text where entire paragraphs are indented past the left margin. You can do this with word-wrap by first setting auto-indent to "yes" with the Setup command. When you do this, WED will automattically indent the new lines created by word-wrap to the same column as the line above. 6.2 RE-FLOWING A PARAGRAPH WITH FORMAT The word-wrap mode works fine when you are entering new text, but it does not automattically re-format text when you move or delete text inside a paragraph. To re-flow text within the margins, you need to use the Format command. First, place pointers at the beginning and end of the paragraph(s) you want to re-flow, then type Alt-F: Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 35 WED 4.10 User's Guide Programmers Features +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |==========|=| FORMAT |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Indent | | | return(Col + 1); | Undent | | | else | Paragraph | | | if (c == TAB) | Help | | | if (c < ' ') |=| <Esc> |==| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now select the "Paragraph" option and WED will prompt for the left and right margins: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |==========|=| FORMAT |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Indent | | | return(Col + 1); |====| PARAGRAPH |====| | | | else | Left margin : 1 |aph | | | if (c == TAB) | Right margin: | | | | if (c < ' ') |=====================|> |==| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Notice that WED will provide default values; the left margin will default to one, and the right margin will default to the value you select with the Setup command. Enter the margin values, and then WED will prompt for the beginning and end of the paragraph to re-format. Enter the numbers of the pointers you placed before invoking the Format command, and WED will re-flow the text between the pointers using the same rules it uses when entering text with word-wrap. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 36 WED 4.10 User's Guide Programmers Features 7 SPECIAL FEATURES FOR PROGRAMMERS 7.1 AUTO-INDENT MODE The auto indent mode saves you key strokes when editing programs which use indentation. This feature only operates when the editor is in the Insert mode. If auto indent is turned on and you are entering text in Insert mode, then after each carriage return, WED will indent the next line to the same level as the current line. It does this by automatically entering spaces or tabs at the beginning of the line. If you want to change the indentation level of the new line, you can use either the backspace or space keys to reduce or increase the indentation level of the line. Auto indent checks the Tab Conversion flag to determine if it should insert spaces or tabs. If the flag is set to "spaces," then auto indent will use only spaces. If, on the other hand, it is set to "tabs," then auto indent will use tabs whenever possible. You can change the setting of the Tab Conversion flag with the Setup command. 7.2 RE-INDENTING WITH FORMAT The Format command allows you to move blocks of text to the left or right. It is useful for programmers working in structured languages such as C and PASCAL. With this command, you can change the indentation of entire blocks of code with one command. Before you can execute the format command, you must place pointers at the beginning and the end of the block of text that you want to re-format. After you have marked the block, type Alt-F to invoke the Format command. WED will prompt you as follows: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |==========|=| FORMAT |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Indent | | | return(Col + 1); | Undent | | | else | Paragraph | | | if (c == TAB) | Help | | | if (c < ' ') |=| <Esc> |==| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 37 WED 4.10 User's Guide Programmers Features If you want to move the text block to the right, select Indent. Otherwise, select Undent un-indent the block (move it to the left). Next enter the number of spaces to move the text. Then WED will prompt for the end points of the block to re-indent: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |==========|=| FORMAT |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | Indent | | | return(Col + 1); |=====| INDENT |======| | | | else | How many spaces? 4 |ph | | ||======================| INDENT |=====================|| | | || Top Bottom Current 1 2 Starting at |> |==| | ||====================| H for Help |===================| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now enter the pointers marking the beginning and the end of the block to re-indent. Notice that you can use the Top or Bottom of the file, or the Current cursor location as an end point. WED will now re-indent the block. The Indent function is aware of the Tab Conversion flag. If the flag is set to "spaces," then Indent will use only spaces. Otherwise, Indent will indent the lines with tabs whenever possible. You can alter the Tab Conversion setting with the Setup command. 7.3 THE EXECUTE USER PROGRAM COMMAND The eXecute user program command is an advanced command designed to facilitate program development. With a single command you can save the current edit file, compile that file, and then resume editing. This greatly reduces the effort and time required to switch back and forth between the editor and your compiler or assembler. Before you can use this command, you must use the Setup command to tell WED what compiler(s) and assembler(s) you will be using. This process is described in chapter 10 of this manual. To execute the user program command, type Alt-X while at the main edit prompt and WED will display a sub menu of the programs that you have installed. For example, if you have installed a C compiler and an assembler, the prompt might look like this: Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 38 WED 4.10 User's Guide Programmers Features +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |====|=| EXECUTE USER |=|=| | if (Disp_Able(c)) | C 5.1 | | | return(Col + 1); | Masm 5.0 | | | else |====| <Esc> |=====| | | if (c == TAB) | | if (c < ' ') | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now select the program you want to execute and WED will save the current edit file and setup a command line on the screen. Notice that WED displays the amount of memory available for the program to run in. +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |=========================| |Memory available: 381K | | | |CL C:\C\WED\WED.C | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ You can edit the command line to add any command line parameters as needed. When you are ready, just press the <Enter> key to run the program. When the user program completes execution, WED will present you with another menu: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |==========================| demo1.c |====|=| EXECUTE USER |=|=| |Memory available: 382K | Continue editing | | | | Main menu | | |CL /Zi /Od /AL C:\C\WED\WED.C | Exit WED | | | | Help | | |Microsoft (R) C Optimizing Compiler Versi|====| <Esc> |=====| | |Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988 | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Select "Continue editing" to return to the current edit file. This option is useful when you want to fix syntax errors Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 39 WED 4.10 User's Guide Programmers Features reported by the compiler. Select "Main menu" to exit the current edit file and return to the WED main menu (remember, the current edit file was automatically saves just prior to executing the user program). If more than one file is loaded, WED will switch to the most recent file instead of the main menu. Select "Exit WED" to exit the current edit file and return to the DOS "C" prompt. As with the "Main menu" option, WED will swith to one of the other file if more than one edit file is loaded. 7.4 THE POPUP ASCII TABLE As a convenience to programmers, WED includes a pop-up ASCII reference table. To pop-up the table, type alt-Y while in the main edit mode. Now use the <Up> and <Dn> arrow keys to page through all 256 ASCII character values. When you are done with the table, press the <Esc> key to return to editing. This can be useful when you are using the graphics command to enter special characters. When you want to find out which key to press to enter a desired high-bit character, look up the character in the table, and the required keystroke will be displayed to its left. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 40 WED 4.10 User's Guide Special Characters 8 EDITING SPECIAL CHARACTERS 8.1 EDITING FILES WITH CONTROL CHARACTERS The WED editor has the ability to edit special characters called control characters. These are the characters can only be entered from the drop down insert mode. To enter a control character, hold down the <Ctrl> key and type the letter or symbol. For example, to enter control-L, hold down the <Ctrl> key and type L. Control characters are displayed as a carat, ^, followed by the alphabetical character. For example, Ctrl-G will be displayed as ^G. There is one exception to this rule. The carriage return character (^M) displays as the special end of line character. 8.2 USING TEXT OR GRAPHICS CHARACTERS One of the nice features of the IBM PC and compatible computers is their ability to display special graphics characters while in the standard text mode. These are the high-bit set characters with ascii values from 128 to 255. The most commonly used of these characters are the line drawing characters used for drawing boxes and tables. The outline boxes displayed on the opening screen of WED are drawn using them. WED has a special graphics mode which enables you to enter and edit all of these characters. To switch to the graphics mode, type Alt-T. Notice that the mode displayed at the upper right corner of the text window changes from Text to Graphics. Once WED is in the graphics mode, it will translate any input characters to graphics characters by setting the high order bit to 1. Appendix C contains a table listing all of the possible input characters and graphics characters that they will be translated to. For example, to enter the double horizontal line character used at the top of the text window in WED, switch to graphics mode, and then type M. When you want to switch back to the text mode, just type Alt-T. You can use the Text command (Alt-T) to toggle between the text and graphics modes any time you are in the main edit mode or in the insert mode. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 41 WED 4.10 User's Guide Printing 9 PRINTING FILES The WED editor includes a file printing utility which is useful for printing source code files as well as text files. Features include margin control, line numbering, and header lines with the file name, time and date, page number, and a user entered title. To print a file, select option two from the main menu and then select a file to print. WED will then display the print menu: |=============| Print Parameters |=============| | print header yes | | print line nos yes | | title | | | | page height 66 | | page width 132 | | top margin 3 | | bottom margin 3 | | left margin 5 | | right margin 5 | | | | setup string \x0F | | reset string \x12 | |=============| <PgDn> to print> |=============| Use the <Up> and <Down> cursor keys to move between fields. Enter or change the values in any of the fields a desired, and then press the <PgDn> key to begin printing. The following paragraphs describe the individual printing parameters. For a better understanding of the margins, refer to the page layout diagram at the end of this chapter. The first field indicates if WED should print header lines at the top of each page. These header lines include the file name, a user entered title, the page number, and the current time and date. This option is very useful when generating source code listings. Press the <space> bar to toggle between "yes" and "no." The next field indicates if WED should print line numbers at the start of each file line. This option is also useful when generating source code listings. The title field enables you to enter a title that will appear in the middle of the top header line on each page. This field has no affect if you select no at the "print header" field. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 42 WED 4.10 User's Guide Printing The page height and page width settings tell WED how many rows and columns the printer can print on each page. The top and bottom margin settings specify how many lines to skip over at the top and bottom of each page. The left and right margin values determine number of blank columns to leave in the left and right margins on each page. +-------------------- page width --------------------+ + +----------------------------------------------------+ : | top | : | margin | : | +-----------------------------------+ | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | page | left | | right | height | marg | T E X T | marg | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | | | | : | +-----------------------------------+ | : | bottom | : | margin | + +----------------------------------------------------+ The printer setup string is a string of characters that will be sent to the printer before printing a file. This string can contain any eight-bit values needed to place the printer in the proper mode(s) for printing the file. One use of this string might be to place the printer in a condensed mode for printing source code listings. Setup strings are made up of a series of characters and ASCII codes. ASCII codes are represented with standard C notation, "\ddd" where the back slash signals an ASCII code, and is followed by the actual code in decimal base. For example, the <Esc> character (ASCII 27) would be represented as "\27." As in C, you can specify a hex or binary base by Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 43 WED 4.10 User's Guide Printing prefixing the value with an "x" or a "b." For example, <Esc> would be entered as "\x1A" in hex. The printer reset string is similar to the setup string, only it is sent to the printer after the file has been printed. The purpose of this string is to reset the printer to its normal mode. For example, the string may contain the codes to return the printer to normal density printing after printing the file with condensed print: "\x12" Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 44 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup 10 THE SETUP COMMAND The setup command enables you to change various parameters that affect the way WED operates during an edit session. You can use this command to make temporary changes for the current edit session, or you can save the changes so that they will remain in effect for future sessions. There are two ways to access the Setup command. If you are at the main menu, select option four, or if you are editing a file, type Alt-S: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |============|===================| SETUP |===================|=| | if (Disp| help Format | | | | Miscellaneous right margin 65| | | retu| cursor type block auto indent on| | | else | eoln symbol tab conversion sp| | | if (| locate key clear word wrap of| | | | user programs Printing | | | else| keyboard macros print header ye| | | | split screen print line nos ye| | | | Files page height 66| | | | make bak files yes page width 80| | | | file name keep top margin 3| | | | show directory yes bottom margin 3| | | | swap path left margin 10| | | | Video right margin 10| | | | monitor type mono setup string | | | |=============| <Esc> to exit Setup |===========| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ To change a value, first use the cursor keys to move the cursor bar to the desired field. If the field description is followed by a status word, just press the <space> bar to toggle between the available choices. If the field description is followed by a numerical value, press the <space> bar and then enter the new value. If there is no status or value following the field, then press the <space> bar and WED will open a new window to prompt for additional information. Once in the Setup menu, you can make as many changes as you need. When you are done, press the <Esc> key to exit the Setup command. If you want to preserve the changes you have made for future edit sessions, select the last setup field, "save setup values." Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 45 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup If you need help while using the setup command, you can select the first setup field, "help" and WED will display general information about the setup command. If you want detailed information on one of the setup fields, move the cursor bar to that field and type Alt-H. The rest of this chapter is devoted to providing detailed descriptions for each of the setup fields. 10.1 Cursor Type You can choose between two cursor shapes for WED to use during editing, a standard underline cursor, or an easier to see block cursor. The current cursor choice is shown next to the "Cursor" prompt. 10.2 End-Of-Line Symbol WED uses a special character to indicate the location of carriage returns in your file. The default value for this character is ASCII 174, which looks like a pair of left facing arrows. To change this value, select Setup field two, and WED will prompt for a new ASCII value. Enter a value from 32 to 255. 10.3 Locate Key Keep The Locate Key flag is similar to the File Name flag. When it is set to "keep", WED remembers the most recent Locate phrase. Each time you execute the Locate or Replace command, the last search phrase will be displayed. You can then edi that phrase or enter a new one. The editing keys available while entering file names are the left and right cursor keys, the home and end keys, the plus and minus keys, and the backspace key. In addition, the <Ins> key toggles between overright and insert modes, and Ctrl-<End> erase from the cursor to the end of the entry. If the Locate Key flag is set to "clear", then you will have to enter the complete search phrase every time you use the Locate and Replace commands. 10.4 User Programs With the eXecute command, WED provides the ability to run Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 46 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup compilers or other programs from within the editor. Before you can execute a program with this command you must install with WEDINST. Chapter seven of this manual describes the use of this command once you have installed your program(s). Select the user programs setup field to enter or change your programs: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |============|===================| SETUP |===================|=| | if (Disp| Miscellaneous Video | | | retu| 1 cursor type block 11 monitor type co| | | else | 2 eoln symbol 12 colors | | | if (| 3 locate key clear 13 ega 43 line no| | | | 4 user programs 14 snow removal no| | | else| 5 keyboard macros Format | | | | 6 split screen 15 line format | | | | Files 16 auto indent on| | ||=====================| USER PROGRAMS |=====================| | || Prompt Path/Name | | || MS C 5.1 C:\MSC\BIN\CL.EXE | | || | | || | | || | | ||===========================================================| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Use the <up> and <down> cursor keys to select one of the six program slots. To add a new program move to the first blank line and enter the new program. Start by entering a prompt for this program. This is the selection text that will be displayed in the pull down menu. Next enter the path and file name of the actual program. Finally, WED will prompt for the minimum memory required to run the program. WED will use this number to determine if it should swap the current edit file(s) out to make room for the program. You can change any of the user program entries by moving to the desired line and editing the entries. 10.5 Keyboard Macros The macro facility provided with WED is designed to save you keystrokes and to allow you to customize the editor to suit your needs. A macro is a set of up to twenty commands (keystrokes) that can be assigned to a particular function key Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 47 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup combination. When that key is pressed, the commands in the macro will be executed just as if they had been entered from the keyboard. You can define up to forty macros using the four variations of the ten function keys, <F1>, <Shift><F1>, <Ctrl><F1>, and <Alt><F1>. Select the keyboard macros setup field to enter or change keyboard macros: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |WED: Help Insert Erase Pointer Goto Copy Move Zap Locate Repla| |Line: 45 Col 11 Overwrite Size 12K Free 212K | |============|===================| SETUP |===================|=| | if (Disp| Miscellaneous Video | | | retu| cursor type block monitor type co| | | else | eoln symbol colors | | | if (| locate key clear ega 43 line no| | | | user programs snow removal no| | | else| keyboard macros Format | | ||====================| KEYBOARD MACROS |====================| | || Enter macro to edit: | | || | | || | | ||===========================================================| | | | command: help on setup | | | |=============| <Esc> to exit Setup |===========| | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Now select a macro by pressing one of the forty function key combinations. For example, to redefine the <Ctrl><F8> macro, hold down the <Ctrl> key and press the <F8> key. WED will display the current contents of the macro on the next line and then provide space for you to enter the new contents of the macro on the following line. Now just enter the macro keystrokes as if you were typing them directly into WED during an edit session. You can use the <Backspace> key to make corrections. When the macro is complete, press the function key combination to accept the entry. If you enter an empty macro, WED will retain the original contents of the macro. 10.6 Split Screen The Split screen flag controls manner in which WED displays the edit files when you are using the Other file command. When Split screen is set, the Other file command "splits" the screen by drawing a horizontal line across the middle. It Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 48 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup then displays two of the edit files at the same time, with one on the top half and the other file on the lower half of the screen. Select "zoom" if you want to use the full screen to edit each file, or "split" if you want to use the split screen feature. 10.7 Insert Type WED supports two types of insert modes which are described in section 4.2. You can select the keyboard assignments for these two modes using the Insert Type switch from Setup. If you set Insert Type to "push," then the push setup mode will be assigned to the <Ins> key and the drop-down insert mode will be assigned to Alt-I. If you set Insert Type to "drop down," then these key assignments will be reversed. 10.8 <del> Key With the <del> key Setup switch, you can select to have the <del> key either operate the Erase mode or delete char commands. 10.9 Make BAK Files When WED saves a file, it normally makes a backup of the old version before saving the newly edited version of the file. It accomplishes this by first renaming the old file with an extension of ".BAK" and then saving the new file. For example, if you are editing a file name "program.c", WED will rename the orginal file to "program.bak" and then save the edited version as "program.c." You can disable this automatic backup feature by changing the "make BAK files" setting to "no." 10.10 File Name Keep The File Name flag is designed to save you time entering file names while you edit. When File Name is set to "keep", WED remembers the last file name you entered. For example, when you begin your edit session, this the the name of the main edit file. Every time you are prompted to enter a file name, WED displays the last file name you entered. You can then edit that name or enter a new one. The editing keys available while entering file names are the left and right cursor keys, the home and end keys, the plus and minus keys, and the backspace key. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 49 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup In addition, the <Ins> key toggles between overright and insert modes, and Ctrl-<End> erase from the cursor to the end of the entry. If the File Name flag is set to "clear", then you will have to enter a complete file name whenever you execute a file command. 10.11 Swap Path When you edit very large files, WED may have to swap some of the text out to disk because because there is not enough memory to hold the entire file in RAM. WED may also have to swap text to disk when you eXecute user programs or compilers. When the editor swaps out text, it writes it to a file called "WEDSWAP.TXT." Normally, it creates this file in the default directory, but you can overwride this with the Swap Path setup field. You can use this feature to improve performance by specifying a ramdisk. To change the swap path, select the Swap Path setup field. WED will open a window and prompt for the new swap path. Enter the complete path specification (including the disk drive if different from the default). 10.12 Monitor Type Some computer systems combine a monochrome monitor with a color adapter card. These systems display colors as shades a gray, a display mode which can be hard on the eyes when you are performing text functions such as editing. You could use the color selection function to select black and white color combinations, but WED provides an easier way. When you set the Monitor Type setup field to "mono", WED automatically selects black and white color combinations. 10.13 Colors WED allows you to select the colors that it will use during edit sessions. You can select color sets for the various window types such as edit, menus, help, etc. For each window type, you can select the colors for five attribute types, background, normal, highlighted, border, and field text. To change colors, select the "Colors" setup field and WEd Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 50 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup will display the color selection menu. Use the <up> and <down> cursor keys to select the window type, the <left> and <right> cursor keys to select the attribute type, and the <space> bar to step through the available colors. 10.14 EGA 43 Line Mode Most EGA video adapters support a compressed text mode with forty-three lines on the screen. If you have one of these EGA adapters, you can use the 43-line mode when editing with WED. When the WED 43-line mode field is set to "yes," WED automatically switchs to the adapter to the condensed mode. When you exit WED, the editor always resets the adapter to the standard 25-line mode. 10.15 Snow Removal If your computer has a color display system, you may experience problems with video snow while using WED. You can eliminate the snow by setting the Snow Removal switch to "yes". In order to eliminate the video snow, WED must wait for your monitor to perform a vertical retrace. This means that screen output will be slower when the Snow Removal switch is set to "yes". For this reason, some users may opt to tolerate the screen snow and leave the Snow Removal switch set to "no" so that WED's screen output will be as fast as possible. 10.16 Auto Indent The auto indent mode saves you key strokes when editing programs which use indentation. This feature only operates when the editor is in the Insert mode. If auto indent is turned on and you are entering text in Insert mode, then after each carriage return, WED will indent the next line to the same level as the current line. It does this by automatically entering spaces at the beginning of the line. If you want to change the indentation level of the new line, you can use either the backspace or space keys to reduce or increase the indentation level of the line. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 51 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup 10.17 Word Wrap WED supports a word wrap mode for documentation and light word processing tasks. When word wrap is on and you enter text past the right margin, WED will move the current word down to the next line and allow you to continue typing. The right margin column setting is another setup field and is described below. If you latter edit the text, you can use the Format command to reflow the text within the margins. The word wrap mode is described in detail in chapter six of this manual. 10.18 Right Margin The right margin setting determines the column at which WED will attempt to word wrap the current input line. This setup field has no effect when Word Wrap is set turned off. 10.19 Tab Conversion The tab character is a special character in ASCII files. When it is displayed on the screen, as with an editor, it is displayed as a series of blanks. The number of blanks is determined by the screen column on which the tab character is positioned and on the current settings of the tab stops. Enough blanks will be included to cause the next character to be displayed at the next tab stop. In WED, the tab stops are set every eight columns starting with column one. These settings cannot be changed. Tabs are most useful for lining up columns of numbers, words or other text. They are also handy for quickly moving the cursor out to a higher column. For example, moving to column seventeen takes sixteen keystrokes with the space key, but only two keystrokes with the tab key. In high level languages, it is often convenient to be able to move out to desired columns using the tab key, but it is undesirable to have actual tab characters inserted into the source file because they make it difficult to change indentation. WED provides an answer to this conflict. The Tabs flag controls the action of the tab key in the Insert mode. When this flag is set to "tabs", the tab key works normally and causes a tab character to be inserted into the text. When the flag is set to "spaces", however, the tab key causes space characters to Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 52 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup be inserted instead of a tab character. Enough spaces will be inserted to move the cursor to the next tab stop. 10.20 Tab Stops When you receive WED, the tab stops will be set to their default value of every eight columns. You can alter these settings with the tab stops option on the Setup menu. You can set up to forty tab stops in in any columns up to column 78. To change the tab stops, select that option from the Setup menu, and WED will open a window containing a format line with a ">" at each tab stop. To add or remove a tab stop, move the cursor to the desired column and press <Tab> to add a tab stop, or <Space> to remove a tab stop. When you are done, press <Enter> to store the new tab settings. 10.21 Print Header The WED file printing utility provides an option for printing header lines on each page of the listing. These header lines include the file name, a user entered title, the page number, and the current time and date. This option is very useful when generating source code listings. If you don't want the header lines, then set the "print header" status to "no." 10.22 Print Line Numbers The WED file printing utility provides an option for printing line numbers on each line of the listing. This option is very useful when generating source code listings. If you don't want the line numbers, then set the "print line nos" status to "no." 10.23 Printer Page Height When you use the file printing utility, you must tell WED the total number of lines per page. For most applications this value will be 66. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 53 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup 10.24 Printer Page Width When you use the file printing utility, you must tell WED the total number of columns per line. For most applications this value will be 80 or 132. 10.25 Printer Top Margin The top margin value specifies the number of blank lines to skip over at the top of each page when printing files. 10.26 Printer Bottom Margin The bottom margin value specifies the number of blank lines to skip over at the bottom of each page when printing files. 10.27 Printer Left Margin The left margin value specifies the number of columns to skip over at the beginning of each line when printing files. 10.28 Printer Rigth Margin The right margin value specifies the number of blank to skip over at the end of each line when printing files. 10.29 Printer Setup String The printer setup string is a string of characters that will be sent to the printer before printing a file. This string can contain any eight-bit values needed to place the printer in the proper mode(s) for printing the file. One use of this string might be to place the printer in a condensed mode for printing source code listings. Setup strings are made up of a series of characters and ASCII codes. ASCII codes are represented with standard C notation, "\ddd" where the back slash signals an ASCII code, and is followed by the actual code in decimal base. For example, the <Esc> character (ASCII 27) would be represented as Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 54 WED 4.10 User's Guide Setup "\27." As in C, you can specify a hex or binary base by prefixing the value with an "x" or a "b." For example, <Esc> would be entered as "\x1A" in hex. The following is an example of a complete printer setup string that places an Epson compatable printer into condensed mode printing: "\x0F" 10.30 Printer Reset String The printer reset string is similar to the setup string, only it is sent to the printer after the file has been printed. The purpose of this string is to reset the printer to its normal mode. For example, the string may contain the codes to return the printer to normal density printing after printing the file with condensed print: "\x12" 10.31 Save Setup Values When you make configuration changes with the setup command, those changes are only retained during the current edit session. If you want the new selections to remain in effect for future edit sessions, you must save them on disk. To do this, select the last setup field, "save setup values," and WED will write the current configuration to a file called WED.CFG. This file will be placed in the same subdirecty as WED.EXE. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 55 WED 4.10 Appendix A Command Summary <right arrow> Move right one character. 12 <left arrow> Move left one character. 12 <down arrow> Move down line. 12 <up arrow> Move up line. 12 <Ctrl rt arrow> Move right one word. 13 <Ctrl lf arrow> Move left one word. 13 <Enter> Move to beginning of next line. 12 <Home> Move to beginning of current line. 12 <End> Move to end of current line. 12 <tab> Move to next space character. 13 <Ctrl arrow> Scroll screen right, left, up, or down. 13 <PgDn> Move down screen. 13 <PgUp> Move up screen. 13 <+> Insert character. 17 <-> Delete Cursor. 19 <Backspace> Delete Left. 19 <Ctrl-M> Insert a carriage return. 17 <Ctrl-L> Locate same phrase 20 <Ctrl-R> Replace same phrase 20 <F1>..<F10> Run macro. 47 <Ins> Insert text. 17 Append Read another file into the current file. 29 Bridge Copy a block of text from other file. 33 Copy Copy a block of text. 27 Dos Gateway to DOS. 33 Erase, <Del> Erase text. 19 Format 35,37 Indent Indent block of text. Undent Unindent block of text. Paragraph Re-flow block of text (word-wrap). Goto 14 Top Move to the top of the file. Bottom Move to the bottom of the file. Line Move to specific line in the file. 1..8 Move to a pointer in the file. Help On-line help for commands. 8 Insert Toggle insert mode. 17 Locate Locate a word or phrase. 20 Move Move a block of text. 26 Next Show next prompt line. 6 Other Edit other file. 31 Pointer Set edit an pointer in file. 25 Quit 9 Save Save current file and exit to main menu. Keep Save current file and exit to DOS. Write Save current file and continue. Abandon Abandon current file and exit. Replace Replace word or phrase with another. 20 Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 56 WED 4.10 Appendix A Setup Modify WED setup parameters 45 Text Switch between text and graphics modes. 41 Undel Undelete last deleted text. 29 Write Write a block of text to another file. 30 eXecute Run compiler or user program. 38 (Y)ascii Pop-up ASCII table. 40 Zap Delete a block of text. 28 Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 57 WED 4.10 Appendix B Initial Macro Settings Number Setting What it Does ------ ------- ------------ 1 <Alt-G>T Goes to the top of the file. 2 <Alt-G>T Goes to the bottom of the file. 3 <Del><End><Del> Erases to the end of the current line. 4 <Home><Del><End><Del> Erases the current line. 5 <Alt-P>1 Sets pointer 1 6 <Alt-P>2 Sets pointer 2 7 <Alt-C>12 Copies block marked by P1 & P2. 8 <Alt-M>12 Moves block marked by P1 & P2. 9 10 <Alt-Q>K Saves the current edit file and exits the editor. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 58 WED 4.10 Appendix C Appendix C is contained in a seperated file: APPENDC.DOC Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 59 WED 4.10 Appendix D Using WED with Quarterdeck's DESQview: DESQview by Quarterdeck Office Systems, is a multitasking applications manager for IBM PC's and compatibles that allows you to run multiple applications at the same time. If the applications running under DESQview are well behaved or are DESQview aware, they can be run within small windows. This is a powerfull feature that allows several applications to share the video screen. The WED Text Editor is a DESQview aware program and thus can be run in a small window. Before you use WED with DESQview you need to tell DESQview about WED. First, you should read the chapter on "Changing a Program's Information" in the DESQview manual. The following options should be set as indicated (only the options important to WED are shown): +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Change a Program | | | | Program Name.....: | | | | Keys to Use on Open Menu: Memory Size (in K): 128 | -------------------------------------------------------------- | Program...: | | | | Parameters: | | | | Directory.: | -------------------------------------------------------------- | Options: | | Writes directly to screen......: [N] | | Displays graphics information..: [N] | | Can be swapped out of memory...: [Y] | | Requires floppy diskette.......: [N] | | | | Press F1 for advanced optons Press <- when you are DONE | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 60 WED 4.10 Appendix E NEW FEATURES IN VERSION 4.10 The following is a list of the new features in WED and the version in which they were introduced. Release 4.10 o The Undelete command has been added. This command enables you to retrieve the last deleted block of text. o Tab stops are now user definable. Also, the auto indent and format indent commands have been modified to use tab characters when possible. This feature is controled by the Setup flag, "tab conversion." o The Setup command now allows you to specify which keys will be assigned to the "push" and "drop down" insert modes. o The help facility has been improved with faster response and a smaller help file. o The disk swapping logic has been improved with faster swapping operations. Release 4.00 o Pop-up menus were added to make WED commands easier to learn and remember. o Disk buffering logic was added to enable WED to edit very large files. o The Other file command has been enhanced to allow the editing of up to ten files at one time. o The macro facility has been enhanced to allow the creation of up to forty macros. o A word-wrap mode was added to support documenation writting and light word processing. o The help system has been improved and now supports context-sensitive help. o The Setup command has been expanded and now let's you alter and/or save all setup parameters from within WED. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 61 WED 4.10 Appendix E o WED can now swap edit text to disk to make room for large compilers. o A new file printing function has been added with various formatting options that support source code listings as well as documentation. Release 3.13 o WED now provides support for the special EGA forty-three line mode. o WED is now DESQview aware. This means that it can be run in a DESQview small window. DESQview is a windowing application manager from Quarterdeck Office Systems. Release 3.10 o A new DOS gateway command has been added which allows you to switch to the DOS prompt without exiting WED. o You can now compile programs from inside WED. Use the WEDINST program to install up to six user compilers, assemblers, or other programs. Then you can save and compile a program with a single command. When the compilation is complete, a single keystroke restores the edit session. o The Quit command has two new options, Save a file and continue editing, and quit the current file and begin editing a New file. o All submenus now allow you to hold the Alt key while selecting options. o Some users with color displays have experienced problems with video snow while using WED. A WEDINST switch has been added which allows you to eliminate this snow. Release 3.00 o WED now performs horizontal scrolling instead of line wrap! If a line is longer than eighty columns and you attempt to move the cursor past the edge of the screen, WED will scroll the text window sideways to keep the cursor on the screen. Text lines may be up to 32,000 characters long. o You can now enter text while at the main command Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 62 WED 4.10 Appendix E move of WED. This feature replaces the Xchange command of earlier versions. To make this possible, all of the character commands have been changed to Alt commands. For example, to execute the Pointer command, you would type Alt-P instead of P. I understand that this will create a difficult transition period for those of you who are used to the old command format, but I think it will be well worth it. o The Other files command now supports split screens for viewing two files at the same time. This feature is optional and can be changed with the Setup command or the WEDINST program. o A new command, Bridge, has been added to allow you to copy blocks of text from one file to another. This command is designed to work with the Other files command. o An on-line help function has been added which can display help screens for each of the main commands. o New scrolling commands have been added which enable you to scroll the screen window right, left, up, or down. o With the new Text command, you can enter and edit the IBM special graphics characters (ASCII 128 - 255). o WED now allows you to scroll past the bottom of the screen while in the Erase mode. o You can now select between the standard underline cursor or an easier to see block cursor. Use the WEDINST program to make this selection. o WED now accepts ASCII 0 (^@) characters while in the Insert mode. This is useful for writing blank lines from batch files (ECHO ^@). o The Locate and Replace commands now accept control characters in the search and replace keys. This includes Ctrl-M, the carriage return character. o Screen handling throughout the editor is significantly faster in version 3.00. Copyright (C) 1987-1989 Washington Computer Co. 63