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  1.  
  2.  
  3.  
  4.                         CYCLES PER SECOND LIST
  5.                         FOR THE TEMPERED SCALE
  6.  
  7.  
  8.         NOTATION:
  9.  
  10.                 Letter=Pitch notation
  11.  
  12.                 Number=Octave Notation starting with C0=16.352,
  13.                 the general sub-frequency auditory threshold.
  14.  
  15.                 Note that each octave is a numeric doubling of
  16.                 the pitch value of the octave below--to find
  17.                 values beyond the range of this chart, double
  18.                 the values found in octave 8.
  19.  
  20.                 NOTE: C1 is the lowest C on the piano keyboard 
  21.                       C4 is Middle C 
  22.                       A4 is A-440
  23.  
  24.  
  25.  
  26. C0      16.352          C1      32.703          C2      65.406
  27. C#0     17.324          C#1     34.648          C#2     69.296
  28. D0      18.354          D1      36.708          D2      73.416
  29. D#      19.445          D#1     38.891          D#2     77.872
  30. E0      20.602          E1      41.203          E2      82.407
  31. F0      21.827          F1      43.654          F2      87.307
  32. F#0     23.125          F#1     46.249          F#2     92.499
  33. G0      24.500          G1      48.999          G2      97.999
  34. G#0     25.957          G#1     51.913          G#2     103.83
  35. A0      27.500          A1      55.000          A2      110.00
  36. A#0     29.135          A#1     58.270          A#2     116.54
  37. B0      30.868          B1      61.735          B2      123.47
  38.  
  39.  
  40. C3      130.81          C4      261.63          C5      523.25
  41. C#3     138.59          C#4     277.18          C#5     554.37
  42. D3      146.83          D4      293.66          D5      587.33
  43. D#3     155.56          D#4     311.13          D#5     622.25
  44. E3      164.81          E4      329.63          E5      659.26
  45. F3      174.61          F4      349.23          F5      698.46
  46. F#3     185.00          F#4     369.99          F#5     739.99
  47. G3      196.00          G4      392.00          G5      783.99
  48. G#3     207.65          G#4     415.30          G#5     830.61
  49. A3      220.00          A4      440.00          A5      880.00
  50. A#3     233.08          A#4     466.16          A#5     932.33
  51. B3      246.94          B4      493.88          B5      987.77
  52.  
  53.  
  54. C6      1046.5          C7      2093.0          C8      4186.0
  55. C#6     1108.7          C#7     2217.5          C#8     4434.9
  56. D6      1174.7          D7      2349.3          D8      4698.6
  57. D#6     1244.5          D#7     2489.0          D#8     4978.0
  58. E6      1318.5          E7      2637.0          E8      5274.0
  59. F6      1396.9          F7      2793.8          F8      5587.7
  60. F#6     1480.0          F#7     2960.0          F#8     5919.9
  61. G6      1568.0          G7      3136.0          G8      6271.9
  62. G#6     1661.2          G#7     3322.4          G#8     6644.9
  63. A6      1760.0          A7      3520.0          A8      7040.0
  64. A#6     1864.7          A#7     3729.3          A#8     7458.6
  65. B6      1975.5          B7      3951.1          B8      7902.1
  66.  
  67.  
  68. _______________________________________________________________________________
  69. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  70.  
  71.  
  72.                 PLAYING RANGES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
  73.  
  74.                            CONCERT PITCH
  75.  
  76.  
  77. INSTRUMENT                      LOW                     HIGH (approximate)
  78. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  79.  
  80. Violin                          G3                      E7±
  81. Viola                           C3                      C6±
  82. Cello                           C2                      E5±
  83. Double Bass                     E1                      B4
  84. Double Bass (extended)          C1                      D5±
  85. Flute                           C4                      C7
  86. Oboe                            A#3                     F6
  87. English Horn                    D#3                     A#6
  88. Clarinet (B flat)               D3                      A#6
  89. Bass Clarinet (B flat)          D2                      F5
  90. Alto Saxophone (E flat)         D#3                     G#5
  91. Tenor Saxophone (B flat)        A#2                     D#5
  92. Baritone Saxophone (E flat)     C2                      G#4
  93. Bassoon                         A#1                     D#5
  94. Contrabassoon                   A#0                     D#3
  95. French Horn (double)            B1                      F5
  96. Trumpet (Bflat)                 E3                      A#5
  97. Trombone (tenor)                E2                      A#4
  98. Trombone (bass)                 B1                      A#4
  99. Tympani (28" & 25")             F2                      F3
  100. Harp                            B0                      G#7
  101. Piano                           A0                      C8
  102. Guitar                          E2                      E6±
  103. Electric Bass (standard)        E1                      E4
  104. Electric Bass (extended)        B0                      C5
  105. Vibraphone                      F3                      F6
  106. Marimba                         A2                      C7
  107. Xylophone                       F3                      C7
  108. Drum Set:
  109.         Kick                    B0                      C2±
  110.         Snare                   E2±                     C3±
  111.         Tom Toms                D1                      D3±
  112.         Cymbals                 A1                      B8±
  113. Synthesizers                    A0±                      B8±
  114.  
  115.  
  116.  
  117.  
  118.         These ranges are the extremes, useable in practice by only the most
  119.         proficient players. A practical rule of thumb for normal players is
  120.         to exclude the extreme lower and upper pitches for wind and horn
  121.         players (2-3 pitches lower, 1/2 octave higher) to avoid encountering
  122.         ensemble intonation problems, and to avoid writing high velocity
  123.         passages in the upper string ranges for the same reasons. Drums are
  124.         difficult to define extreme ranges for as tuning depends on situation
  125.         and application as well as individual taste.
  126.  
  127. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  128.  
  129.      Approximate Sound Intensity Equivalents of Standard Dynamic Notation
  130.  
  131.  
  132. Pain Threshold                          120 db
  133. ƒƒƒ                                     100 db
  134. ƒ                                        80 db
  135. p                                        60 db
  136. ppp                                      40 db
  137. Hearing Threshold                         0 db
  138.  
  139.  
  140.  
  141.         These are somewhat arbitrary measurements, as sound level is 
  142.         primarily a subjective experience; however, the ratio of dif-
  143.         ferentiation is useful as a reference point. The ppp-ƒƒƒ range
  144.         falls within the bounds of standard symphonic convention and 
  145.         the hearing threshold assumes average hearing, as does the pain
  146.         threshold.
  147.  
  148.  
  149.  
  150.                                                          Compiled by Reed Butler
  151.  
  152.  
  153.  
  154.  
  155.  
  156.