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Crawly Crypt Collection 1
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storm100
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vt100.doc
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1993-10-18
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Storm VT100/VT102 terminal emulation
Features:
Graphics character set (line drawing)
Double-width, double-height characters
Text effects include bold, underline, inverse. (Blinking effect displayed
as 'light' characters).
Detailed specifications.
Note: Columns and rows are numbered starting at row 1, column 1 in the upper
left corner.
Note: In the following table, 'Pn' indicates a numeric parameter. Numeric
parameters are simply Ascii numbers that are used to modify the effect of
an escape sequence. e.g. specify how many columns the cursor is to move.
If multiple numeric parameters are sent, they are separated by a semicolon.
The absence of a parameter means a default value is assumed.
Scrolling regions: Under software control, a host computer can set up a
region of lines as a 'scrolling region'. Control characters and escape
sequences that normally cause the entire screen to scroll up or down will
cause only the area of the scrolling regions to scroll up or down instead.
Character(s) Effect
5 ENQ. Terminal replies with Answerback string. To add an
answerback string, you need to edit the STORM.INI file to
add an entry in [VT100] of the form:
Answerback="string"
You could also use the Basic command SET
e.g. SET "STORM","VT100","Answerback","string"
The answerback string is limited to 80 characters.
Note that answerback is disabled if the CompuServe BPLUS.TRF
file transfer module is loaded because ENQ is required for
B-PLUS file transfers.
7 Bell. Causes a bell sound, if it's enabled by your system
setup. This is controlled by the control panel usually.
8 Backspace. Moves the cursor to the previous column. No action
taken if the cursor is already in column 1. Backspaces are
non-destructive in VT100, though that can be overridden by
selecting "BS Erases" in the generic Terminal setup dialog.
9 Tabs to the next tab stop. Default tab stops are every 8 columns,
starting at column 9. Tab stops can be set and cleared by the
host computer by sending the appropriate escape sequences.
10 Line Feed. Causes the cursor to move to the next line. If the
cursor is already at the bottom of the screen or scrolling
region, scrolls the screen upwards. 'New Line' mode, if set,
causes the cursor to move to column 1 when a line feed occurs,
simulating the effect of a carriage return.
11
12 Generate line feeds.
13 Carriage return. Causes the cursor to move to column 1 on the
current line. A separate setting in the generic Terminal
setup dialog can add a line feed to all carriage returns
received, though that is not really a part of the VT100
emulation.
14 Shift Out. Selects 'G1' character set. Specific
escape sequences (described later) allow you to specify what
character set is used as the G1 character set.
15 Shift In. Selects 'G0' character set. G0 character set can
be altered by escape sequences (described later)
27 (ESC)The escape character introduces an escape sequence, which is
used to control many terminal features.
ESC [ CSI or Control String Introducer. Consists of the ESC
(Ascii 27) followed by a left square bracket. Indicates the
start of a category of escape sequences.
ESC D Index. Moves the cursor to the next line, scrolling the screen
up if necessary.
ESC E Next Line. Equivalent in effect to a Carriage Return + Line
Feed combination. Moves the cursor to the start of the next
line, scrolling the screen up if necessary.
ESC M Reverse Index. Moves the cursor to the previous line, scrolling
the screen down if necessary.
ESC H Sets a tab stop at the current cursor location.
ESC 7 Saves the currrent cursor location, character set, and text
effects for later restoring via the cursor restore sequence.
ESC 8 Restores a cursor state saved by a previous ESC 7 sequence.
ESC = Sets Application Keypad mode. Causes the numeric keypad on the
ST to send special escape sequences that can be interpreted
by a host program.
ESC > Resets keypad to normal numeric mode.
ESC c Resets the terminal to default settings. i.e. whatever settings
you selected in the setup dialog box.
ESC [ Pn @ Inserts the number of characters specified by the numeric
parameter at the current cursor location. Characters at the
end of the line are lost.
ESC [ Pn A Moves the cursor up by the number of rows specified by the
numeric parameter. The cursor will not move above the top of
the screen or the top line of a scrolling region.
ESC [ Pn B Moves the cursor down by the number of rows specified by the
numeric parameter. The cursor will not move above the bottom of
the screen or the top line of a scrolling region.
ESC [ Pn C Moves the cursor right by the number of columns specified by
the numeric parameter. Will not move past the end of the line.
ESC [ Pn D Moves the cursor right by the number of columns specified by
the numeric parameter. Will not move past the end of the line.
ESC [ Pn E Moves the cursor down, as with ESC [ Pn B, but the cursor is
always repositioned to column 1.
ESC [ Pn F Moves the cursor up, as with ESC [ Pn A, but the cursor is
always repositioned to column 1.
ESC [ Pn G Cursor Horizontal Absolute. Moves the cursor to the column
specified by the numeric parameter.
ESC [ Pn;Pn H Position Cursor. Moves the cursor to the specified row and
ESC [ Pn;Pn f column. The first number is the row, the second number is the
column. Default if a parameter is absent is row/column 1.
When relative origin mode is in effect (discussed later) then
the cursor row is calculated relative to the top of the
scrolling region.
ESC [ 0 J Clears from the current cursor location to the end of the
ESC [ J screen. Does not move the cursor.
ESC [ 1 J Clears from the start of the screen to the current cursor
location. Does not move the cursor.
ESC [ 2 J Clears the entire screen. Does not move the cursor.
ESC [ K Clears from the current cursor location to the end of the line.
ESC [ 0 K Does not move the cursor.
ESC [ 1 K Clears from the start of the line to the cursor location. Does
not move the cursor.
ESC [ 2 K Clears the entire line that the cursor is on. Does not move the
cursor.
ESC [ Pn L Insert Line. Inserts Pn blank lines at the current cursor
location and scrolls the rest of the screen (or scrolling
region) down.
ESC [ Pn M Delete Line. Deletes Pn lines at the current cursor location
and scrolls the rest of the screen (or scrolling region) up.
ESC [ Pn P Delete Character. Deletes Pn characters at the current cursor
location and shifts the line to fill in the space. Blank
characters are placed at the end of the line when characters
are deleted.
ESC [ Pn X Erase Character. Erases Pn characters at the current cursor
location.
ESC [ c Report Device Attributes. Responds by transmitting an escape
ESC [ 0 c sequence identifying the terminal. The default response is
"ESC[?6;2c", which is a VT102 response. This reponse can be
changed by inserting a line in the [VT100] section of the
STORM.INI file with the heading ID="(Replacement ID)".
e.g. ID="\33[1;2c" would change the reponse to a VT100 type
response.
ESC [ g Clear Column Tab. Clears the tab stop (if any) at the cursor
ESC [ 0g location.
ESC [ 3 g Clear All Column Tabs. Clears all tab stops.
ESC [ Pn h Sets various terminal modes detailed below. Note that more
than one mode can be set if multiple parameters are sent.
ESC [ 4 h Set Insert mode. Subsequent characters are inserted at the
current cursor location and the rest of the line is scrolled
over to. Characters at the end of the line are lost.
ESC [ 12 h Set Local Echo. Turns half duplex on.
ESC [ 20 h Set Newline mode. Causes received Line Feed characters
(Ascii 10) to also move the cursor to the start of the line.
ESC [ Pn l Resets the various terminal modes detailed above. Reverses the
effect of the corresponding ESC [ Pn h escape sequence. Note:
'l' is a lowercase L, not the number one '1'.
ESC [ 4 l Set Replace mode. Subsequent characters overwrite.
ESC [ 12 l Resets local echo. Turns full duplex on.
ESC [ 20 l Resets Newline mode.
ESC [ Pn m Sets/resets various character attributes used in subsequent
terminal output. Multiple parameters allow the setting of
more than one attribute in the same escape sequence.
ESC [ m
ESC [ 0 m No attributes. Turns all attributes off.
ESC [ 1 m Set Bold attribute.
ESC [ 4 m Set Underlined attribute.
ESC [ 5 m Set Blinking attribute. Instead of the characters actually
blinking, this attribute is indicated by printing 'light'
characters.
ESC [ 7 m Set Reversed attribute. Subsequent characters are displayed in
reverse video.
ESC [ 22 m Turn Bold attribute off.
ESC [ 24 m Turn Underlined attribute off.
ESC [ 25 m Turn Blinking attribute off.
ESC [ 27 m Turn Reversed attribute off.
ESC [ 5 n Report Terminal Status. Emulator responds by sending ESC [ 0 n
ESC [ 6 n Report Cursor Location. Emulator responds by sending an
escape sequence reporting the current cursor location.
ESC [ Pn;Pn r Set Scrolling region. The first parameter is the top of the
scrolling region, the second is the bottom. Also causes the
cursor to move to location 1,1 (either top of the scrolling
region or top of the screen, depending on origin mode).
ESC [r Resets the scrolling region to full screen.
ESC [0;0r
ESC ( 0 Sets the G0 character set as the Graphics character set.
ESC ( 1 Sets the G0 character set as the Alternate ROM character set.
This is not currently supported by the emulator, mostly to
save memory. However, it could easily be added.
ESC ( 2 Sets the G0 character set as the Alternate ROM graphics set.
This is also not currently supported by the emulator.
ESC ( A Sets the G0 character set as the UK character set. The only
change is that '#' is replaced by the UK Pound Sterling
symbol.
ESC ( B Sets the G0 character set as the ASCII character set. This is
the default character set.
ESC ) 0 Perform the same functions as the corresponding ESC ) escape
ESC ) 1 sequences, but affect the G1 character set instead.
ESC ) 2
ESC ) A
ESC ) B
ESC # 5 Set character width single on current line.
ESC # 6 Set double character width on current line.
ESC # 3 Set double-width/double-height character display on current
line. Displays the top half of each character as double-height
and double width. Used in conjunction with ESC # 4 to display
a line of double-height, double-width characters.
ESC # 4 Set double-width/double-height character display on current
line. Displays the bottom half of each character as
double-height and double-width.
ESC # : Sets double-height character display on current line. Displays
the top half of each character double-height;
ESC # ; Sets double-height character display on current line. Displays
the bottom half of each character double-height;
ESC [ ? Pn h Sets various extended terminal modes described below. Multiple
modes can be set if more than one parameter is sent.
ESC [ ? 1 h Set cursor key Application mode. Causes the cursor keys to
send escape sequences which can be interpreted by a host
computer.
ESC [ ? 3 h Sets 132 column mode. Currently not supported.
ESC [ ? 4 h Sets Smooth Scroll. Not implemented.
ESC [ ? 5 h Sets Reverse Screen. Toggles output to white characters on a
black background. Note that Storm uses white and black by
default. However you can set different colors for fore and
back colors by inserting entries in the [Terminal] section
of the STORM.INI file. The default entries are
Fore=1
Back=0
which set foreground to black, background to white. The digits
are GEM color indexes as detailed in the following table:
The number of colors supported depends on video mode. The
actual color that appears depends on how you have setup the
color palette. Setting reverse screen simply swaps foreground
and background colors.
This feature has not been testing on the Falcon or TT.
Index Color
===============
0 White
1 Black
2 Red
3 Green
4 Blue
5 Cyan
6 Yellow
7 Magenta
8 White
9 Black
10 Light Red
11 Light Green
12 Light Blue
13 Light Cyan
14 Light Yellow
15 Light Magenta
16 or greater is device dependant.
ESC [ ? 6 h Set Relative Origin Mode. Cursor positioning commands in
Relative Origin mode are relative to the top of the scrolling
region (if any) rather than the top of the screen.
ESC [ ? 7 h Set Line Wrap. When line wrap is set, typing a character at
the end of a row will cause the cursor to move to the start
of the next line.
ESC [ ? Pn l Resets verious extended terminal modes. Has opposite effect
of corresponding Esc [ ? Pn h setting.
ESC [ ? 1 l Resets cursor keys to normal mode.
ESC [ ? 2 l Set VT52 Mode. This will cause the emulator to switch to
emulating a VT52 terminal. To return from VT52, use the
sequence ESC < from within VT52 emulation.
ESC [ ? 3 l Set 80 column mode. Since the emulator doesn't yet support
132 column mode, this has no effect.
ESC [ ? 4 l Set Jump Scroll. Since smooth scroll is not supported, this
has no effect.
ESC [ ? 5 l Set Normal Screen. Restores normal foreground and background
colors.
ESC [ ? 6 l Reset Origin Mode. Restores absolute cursor origin mode.
ESC [ ? 7 l Reset Line Wrap. When entering characters, the cursor will
not automatically wrap to the next line.
ESC [ ? 15 n Report Local Printer Status. No printer support at present.
The emulator responds with "ESC ? 13 n" to indicate that
no printer is present.
Other VT100 Info
The VT100 default settings are saved in the STORM.INI file in a section
labelled [VT100]. The entry Reset=00000000000 contains the settings. Each
digit is a VT100 setting. Most settings are either 0 or 1. A few have
larger ranges The settings are (in order)
Digit = 1 Digit = 0
=================================================
Keypad Application Mode Keypad Numeric Mode
Cursor Application Mode Normal Cursor Mode
Relative Origin Mode Absolute Origin Mode
Insert Mode Overwrite Mode
New Line Mode Set New Line Mode Reset
-----------------
G0 (can range from 0 to 3)
G1 (can range from 0 to 3)
Current Selected Set. 0 or 1 at present, indicating G0 (0) or G1 (1). In
future this could change to 0 to 3 if support for four character sets is
added.
-----------------
Line Wrap On Line Wrap Off
Destructive Backspace Non-Destructive Backspace
ReverseVideo Normal Video
Note that this includes extra settings not available from the setup dialog.
When the ESC c sequence is received and the terminal is reset, these values
are used in resetting the terminal. This is useful if you want a particular
setup to be retained when the terminal is reset. e.g. keypad application mode
to remain set.
I should note that Line Wrap, Destructive Backspace, and Reverse Video are
actually part of the general terminal setup. They are included here in order
to be able to override the general terminal settings when resetting the
VT100 terminal. When you use the VT100 setup dialog, the current state of
these three settings are automatically saved in the VT100 Reset setting.
Note: Setting the VT100 New Line mode alters the general terminal settings to
set Add Linefeeds Inbound in addition to the VT100 New Line setting. If you
have New Line selected in VT100, but Add Linefeeds Inbound is not selected
in the general terminal setup, then loading VT100 will automatically set
Add Linefeeds Inbound.