Here you can enter the track number of the session, that you want to use as the basis of the virtual image. (The default track number is that of the last session on the disc).
If the selected track is an audio track select
3]C03]C0q
xA?/6]C0r
3]C03]C0s
3]C03]C0t
the data format of the next session (ISO or XA) and enter the name of the new session. If the selected track is a data track this information need not be entered, as it is derived from the session on the CD-R. The selected track on the CD-R disc is read an_VT_SCROLL$
In this field you can enter the name of the directory, that you want to use as your Gear working directory from now on. You have to specify the full path name of this new working director
Via this dialog you can change your Gear working directory. This working directory is the place where all Gear data, such as virtual image and so on, will be stored.
The CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files are not affected by the installation of GEAR.
VerifyY
During verification the time, date and size of each file in the track/volume (at the time of loading) is compared with the current time, date and size. If a file is not up to date, GEAR displays a message. The track/volume can be updated by reloading the reported files.
1. Open the volume you want to verify (refer to Locating and Opening an Existing Volume).
2. Click on Verify in the Image menu.
3. The next window asks if you want to verify the currently selected track or volume. Clic
What is GEAR?
Elektroson's GEAR(TM) product family is a pre-mastering and CD-Recordable package that supports all aspects of Compact Disc indexing and production.
Formats supported include:
- CD-ROM - CDTV
- CD-ROM Mixed Mode - EB (XA) - Eleck on Track or Volume . Verification starts. A status report is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
e cannot locate the GEAR.INI file and initialization will fail. If you don't want to use the WIN.INI variable you can copy the GEAR.INI file to the GEAR working directory. GEAR notifies you if it cannot find the GEAR.INI file (for more information about th
STATUS_STRIal image to be created according to the specified parameters.
CANCEL
Pressing the Cancel button aborts the append action.
NOTES
This functionality does NOT delete or corrupt existing data on your CD-R disc.
OBJECTID
USER_FUNCTION
COMPARE_FUNCTION
ERID FIELD_9 = 0x0009;
FIELD_87@
ISO_BLOCK_4_BOX@
ISO_BLOCK_6_BOX@
FIELD_88@
XA_BLOCK_4_BOX@
al image. The content of this virtual image can be edited.
This powerful feature allows you to:
- Recover data from an existing session.
- Skip the last session, e.g. if there are read errors in this session.
- Create `CD Extended' or `CD Plus' discs.
STATUS_STRING_7
CONVERT_TO_PHYSICAL_ITEM
Convert to ~Physical
WRITE_PULL_DOWN_ITEM
~Write
FIELD_33
~Generation...
CD_R_SETTINGS_ITEM
~CD-R...
JUKEBOX_SETTINGS_ITEM
~Jukebox ...
ADPCM C M E
DATA2048_STRING
DATA 2048
VIDEO2048_STRING
VIDEO 2048
VIDEO2324_STRING
VIDEO 2324!
TRIGGER_CBOX
GEAR version 1.0.001
ABOUT_GEAR_COPYRIGHTA
Copyright (c) 1995 Elektroson
OS2_ABOUT_OKA
ABOUT_REGNRA
123456789
ABOUT_NAMEA
VOLUME_SETTINGS_WINDOW
Volume Settings
FIELD_59
Maximum number of &directories in the volume:
MAX_NUMBER_OF_DIRS_INTEGER
FIELD_60
APPEND
Via this dialog you can append a new session to any session already existing on a multi-session CD-R disc.
One of the tracks of an existing session on the CD-R disc, to which the new session is to be appended, is used as the basis of a new virtu
softDrive
GEAROS2|
GEARL
HELP_GENERALU
HLP_DLG_GEARCOMMANDV
HELP_WND_GEARMAIN_OS2TOOLBARW
HELP_WND_GEARMAIN_STATUS+
HELP_DLG_VOLUMESETTINGSQ
HELP_INDEX_APPENDVOLUMEO
HELP_INDEX_CDROMXAN
HELP_INDEX_CDRSETUPK
Directory ServiceG
The Directory Service allows you to access files on the current system.
To access an existing file, either enter the name in the FILENAME field, or select it from the list below.
Other files that belong to the current directory are listed in the scrollable field below the FILENAME field. Double clicking on a name causes that file to be accessed immediately.
The LIST FILES OF TYPE field determines the type of file, based on the file extension, to list in the "Filename" field. Selecting the " *.* " extension causes all files in the current directory to be displayed.
The current directory is shown below the DIRECTORIES prompt. Your file will be saved to this directory. Since this item is not selectable, if you want to make a different directory the current one, it must be done by selecting a new directory from the list below the current directory prompt, which displays other available directories of the current drive.
The DRIVES field displays the current drive. Selecting a drive causes the files and directories on that drive to be displayed in their respective fields.
MSG_TABLE
_NAME7
You must enter a valid name to complete this operation.
ZMSG_FILE_TNEW
File, New...
ZMSG_FILE_TOPEN
File, Open...
ZMSG_FILE_TSAVE
File, Save
ZMSG_FILE_TSAVEAS
File, Save As...
ZMSG_FILE_TCLOSE
File, Close
ZMSG_FILE_TDELETE
File, Delete...
ZMSG_FILE_TPREFERENCES
File, Preferences...
ZMSG_FILE_TIMPORT
File, Import...
ZMSG_FILE_TEXPORT
File, Export...
ZMSG_FILE_TNONE
File, Selection...d
ZMSG_FILE_NEW_ERRORD
Couldn't create %s because the filename contains illegal characters.e
ZMSG_FILE_OPEN_ERROR.
Couldn't open %s because it couldn't be found.f
ZMSG_FILE_SAVE_ERRORB
Couldn't save %s because the filename contains illegal characters.g
ZMSG_FILE_SAVEAS_ERRORB
Couldn't save %s because the filename contains illegal characters.h
ZMSG_FILE_CLOSE_ERROR;
Couldn't close %s because of an internal application error.i
ZMSG_FILE_DELETE_ERROR0
Couldn't delete %s because it couldn't be found.j
ZMSG_FILE_PREFERENCES_ERRORG
Couldn't save the preferences because of an internal application error.k
ZMSG_FILE_IMPORT_ERROR5
Couldn't import from %s because it couldn't be found.l
ZMSG_FILE_EXPORT_ERROR3
Couldn't export to %s because it couldn't be found.n
ZMSG_FILE_NONE_ERRORO
Your file request cannot be completed because of a read/write protection error.
ZMSG_FILE_DELETE#
Are you sure you want to delete %s?
ZMSG_FILE_OVERWRITE'
%s exists. Do you want to overwrite it?
ZMSG_SAVE_CHANGES0
%s has changed. Do you want to save the changes?
ZMSG_DRIVE_ERROR6
Cannot access drive '%c' because it couldn't be found.
d the virtual image is created. The virtual image contains the same directory/file structure as that of the selected track. The data structure is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
The virtual image is automatically assigned the same name as the session to which the selected track belongs. If a virtual image with this name (i.e. the original virtual image) is present, GEAR warns you and asks you if it should be overwritten. If yonumber is only relevant for DA, since ISO and XA tracks are always assigned track number 1.
A virtual volume can contain up to 99 tracks.
It is not possible to have both ISO and XA tracks on the same virtual volume.
It is not possible to assign the DA ton to select from the list of available track types. The available track types are ISO, XA and DA.
NUMBER OF THE TRACK TO CREATE
In this field the number of the track to create is displayed.
NOTES
The track number is automatically selected; this u don't want to overwrite the existing virtual image, use another directory for saving the new virtual image to.
CHOOSE THE TYPE OF THE NEW TRACK
Select the type of track the session should start with.
Pressing the OK button implies a new virtu the content of the volume set of which this volume is a member. If the first character is a '_' , the rest of the field will specify an identifier for a file containing the publisher identification. This file has to be loaded in the root
directory.
CREATE TRACK0
Via this dialog you can create a new track in the selected volume. The track type and number have to be specified.
TYPE OF THE TRACK TO CREATE
In this field you can select the track type you wish to create. Click on the according butt=
When double clicking a directory the files in this, newly selected, directory, that are of the specified type, are displayed in the file list.
Select the desired image file.
From the file list you can select one file by single or double clicking it wi
e type of files you want to be displayed in the file list.
Browse to the desired directory
In the DIRECTORIES field you can browse to the directory of your choice. Use a double left mouse button click to expand a branch of the displayed directory tree.
Via this dialog you can receive information about the CD-R disc in the CD-Recorder. The following information is given:
DISC TYPE
Type of CD-R disc.
NUMBER OF SESSIONS
In this field the number of sessions, present on the CD-R disc, is shown.
NUMBER OF TRACKS
In this field the number of tracks, present on the CD-R disc, is shown. This number is greater or equal the number of sessions, because each session consists of at least one track.
TRACK INFO
In this list the start time (ATIME) of each session and track is shown. Besides each track's type and size are specified as well as the start time of the 'lead out'.
FREE SPACE ON DISK
In this field the amount of disk space available on the CD-R is shown.
FIRST WRITEABLE ADDRESS
In this field ...
LAST POSSIBLE LEAD OUT START
In this field ...
NOTES
The information displayed depends on the type of CD-Recorder. Not all CD-Recorders can give all the information mentioned above.
An ATIME is specified as mm:ss:ff where mm specifies the number of minutes, ss the number of seconds and ff the number of sectors.
The lead out is specified as the latest possible start position for the lead out and thus also indicates the CD-R capacity. For mastered CDs the start of the lead out indicates the end of the data area on the disc. If multi session disc is loaded the CD-Recorder will report that the last session on the disc is unfinished. This is because a recorder will always create the beginning of a new ses
EXIT GEAR OS/2
Via this dialog the user can confirm, that the application should be ended.
Press the OK button to actually close the application.
Press the Cancel button in order to prevent the application from stopping and continue work
GEAR COMMAND
Via this dialog you can enter a valid Gear command and it's parameters.
ENTER COMMAND TO EXECUTE
In this field you can enter a valid Gear command and it's parameters. For a complete overview of all supported commands see the COMMAND O
HELP_INDEX_CREATEEDITLOGH
HELP_INDEX_CUSTOMERSETTINGSG
HELP_INDEX_DISCINFOF
HELP_INDEX_EDITTRACKE
HELP_INDEX_EDITTRACKCONTENTSD
HELP_INDEX_EDITVOLUMEDESCRIPTORC
HELP_INDEX_EDITVOLUMESETTINGSB
HELP_INDf the person(s) who specified the content of the volume set of which
this volume is a member. If the first character is a '_' , the rest of the field will specify an identifier for a file containing the publisher identification. This file has to be loaded
GENERATOR SETUPn
Via this dialog you can set up the generator specific characteristics.
SYSTEM ID
This field specifies the identification of the system.
Default value is the empty string.
PUBLISHER ID
This field specifies the identification o
HELP INDEXF
Via this dialog you can receive information about functionalities of the application.
INFORMATION LIST
Select one of the items in the list to get some information about it.
NOTES
An item can be viewed by double clicking it. A new
HID_DLG_JUKEBOX
Via this dialog you can completely control a juke box. All a juke box's functionality is encapsulated.
SLOTS
In this group you can specify a juke box's slot as well as the activity concerning this slot.
The slot number can be chanhis field you can enter your own name.
YOUR PHONE
In this field you can enter your phone number.
MASTER ID CODE
In this field you can enter your mastering ID.
REFERENCE CODE
In this field you can enter your reference code.
DISC TITLE
In thi
MASTERING INFORMATION
Via this dialog you can specify the generic master information as it will be written on each CD-R you write.
The following can be specified:
YOUR COMPANY NAME
In this field you can enter your company name.
YOUR NAME
In t of the image file will normally be done as follows:
- Select the type of file.
- Browse to the desired directory.
- Type the desired image file name.
Select the type of file
In the "LIST FILES OF TYPE"-field you can select a file name pattern of th
NEW IMAGEFILE
Via this dialog you can create a new virtual image on hard disk.
Press the OK button in order to start creating the specified image file.
CANCEL
Press the Cancel button to abort the create action.
NOTES
The specification
OPEN IMAGEFILE!
Via this dialog you can open an existing virtual image on hard disk.
Press the OK button in order to start opening the specified image file.
CANCEL
Press the Cancel button to abort the open action.
NOTES
The specification of the image file will normally be done as follows:
- Select the type of file.
- Browse to the desired directory.
- Specify the desired image file name.
Select the type of file
In the "LIST FILES OF TYPE"-field you can select a file name pattern default value is an empty string.
DATA PREPARER ID
In this field you can specify the identification of the person or other entity which controls the preparation of the data to be recorded on the volume. If the first character is a '_' the rest of the
READ TRACK
Via this dialog you can specify a track on the CD-R, that you want to read a track from. The track number you want to read as well as the of the file in which to store the track's data
TRACK ON CD TO READ
NAME OF FILE TO COPY THEEX_ESTIMATEA
HELP_INDEX_EXTERNALVOLUME?
HELP_INDEX_GENERATOR_SETUP=
HELP_INDEX_JUKECTRL<
HELP_INDEX_LOCATEOPENVOLUME;
HELP_INDEX_ONSCREEN:
HELP_INDEX_PHYSICALVOLUME9
HELP_INDEX_PREMASTERTAPESETUP7
YSICAL IMAGE FILES
ESTIMATE BEFORE WRITE
VERIFY IMAGE BEFORE WRITE
NOTES
TAPE SETUP7
Via this dialog you can ...
FIELDS
NOTES
osen track type. The available track types are ISO, CD-ROM and CD Digital Audio.
CLOSE
Press the Cloes button to end this dialog.
NOTES
Deleted tracks can not be restored, so use the Delete command with care.
VOLUME SETTINGS
Via this dialog you can edit the volume settings for the currently selected volume. The default values are specified in the GEAR.INI file and can be changed with the Generator options of the Settings menu. The content of the GEAR.INI fil
&First slot number:
FIRST_SLOT_INTD
FIELD_8@
Number of &slots to use:
NUM_OF_SLOTS_INTD
Initialization range of CD slots
We strongly advise not to use different types of adapters in the same computer.
Adaptec 1540 and 1542 Adapters
If you use the ElektrosonElektroson driver for the Adaptec 1540/1542 adapter and you have changed the settings on the Adaptec adapter, cheBME_STRING
ADPCM B M E
ADPCMCSN_STRING
ADPCM C S N
ADPCMCSE_STRING
ADPCM C S E
ADPCMCMN_STRING
ADPCM C M N
ADPCMCME_STRING
ZIL_NUMBERID INTERLEAVE_TOTAL_INTEGER = 0x0009;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID FIELD_5 = 0x0005;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID DATA_TYPE_COMBOBOX = 0x000F;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID FIELD_16 = 0x0010;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMBSN_STRING = 0x0011;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMBSE_STRING = 0x0012;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMBMN_STRING = 0x0013;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMBME_STRING = 0x0014;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMCSN_STRING = 0x0015;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMCSE_STRING = 0x0016;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMCMN_STRING = 0x0017;=
const ZIL_NUMBERID ADPCMCME_STRING = 0x0018;=
const ZIL_NUMBERIDctors
FIELD_7A
FIELD_8A
~Default
FIELD_9A
~Cancel
TAPE_SETTINGS_ITEM
~Tape...
MASTERING_ITEM
Ma~stering...
WORKING_DIRECTORY_ITEM
se Medium Changer:
USE_MEDIUM_CHANGER_CBOX@
FIELD_3@
&Initialize Medium Changer:
INIT_MEDIUM_CHANGER_CBOX@
FIELD_6@
FIELD_7@ion is successful creation of the physical volume/track will start. If physical files already exist for the volume/track you will be asked if you want to overwrite them.
Jukebox Controlb
This option can be used to control a Jukebox supported by GEAR.
Notes
- Currently GEAR supports the ASM Jukebox, the Pioneer Jukebox and the Kodak Disc Transporter.
- If you want to use a Jukebox to write several CD-Rs unattended, make sure that they are loaded consecutively from slot 1.
- You can also use the GEAR batch command `MOVEMEDIUM' to control the place of CD-R media in the Jukebox.
1. Select the Jukebox control... option from the Tools menu. The Jukebox control window allows you to move CD-R media around in the Jukebox.
Click on the different controlls to see their functionality...
Locating and Opening an Existing Volume
An existing volume can either be a GEAR volume or an external volume. An external volume can not be edited but just written to CD-R disc and/or tape.
1. Click on Open CD-Image... in the File menu. The Open imagefile window displays a list of available volumes in the current working directory.
2. To change the current directory select the relevant directory string from the Directories tree.
3. When the existing volume has been located double click on the volume name; a GEAR volume is indicated by the ".vol" file extension.
Warning
Volumes of version 3.01 and earlier (with the .vtl extension) cannot be edited using version 3.2 and higher!
The previously selected volume (if any) is minimized and closed, and the selected volume is opened. The first track of the volume opens automatically and its size is expanded to the maximum free space available within the volume. The maximum free space is dependent upon the maximum disc size specified when creating the volume and the memory required by the other tracks within the same volume. The volume information is indicated in the GEAR Status window.
Closing the Current Volume
1. Click on Close CD-Image... in the File menu OR click on the relevant icon.
GEAR optimizes the Volume during closure; the current track is resized to the minimum size that can contain all the information. The information in the GEAR Status window is reset.
Deleting a Volume
Warning
Deleted volumes can not be restored. Use this command with care.
1. Click on Delete CD-Image... in the File menu. The Delete imagefile window displays the volumes available in the currently selected directory.
2. To change the current directory select the relevant directory string from the Directories tree.
3. When the volume has been located double click on the volume name; a GEAR volume is indicated by the ".vol" file extension.
4. Confirm deletion of the volume by clicking on OK and then on Yes.
The related administration files and physical volume files are also deleted.
GEAR On-Screen Windows
Status
This option determines if the GEAR Status window is opened or closed. The GEAR Status window displays information related to the virtual image_virtual_image:
- image size
- number of tracks
- remaining free space
- the name of the file being loaded into the image.
- log content
1. By default the GEAR Status is shown. To close select the Status Bar option from the Options menu. To open simply repeat this procedure.
Physical Volumes
A physical volume is a byte for byte copy of the future CD-ROM. It is not strictly necessary to write a physical volume, a virtual volume can always be used. But, if the data transfer rate for CD-Recording needs to be increased a physical volume should be used.
Before writing the physical volume, GEAR verifies the virtual volume. If any file is not up to date the physical volume will not be written. The virtual volume can be updated by reloading the reported files.
For each track in the virtual volume a physical volume file is created. The sector size for the ISO track (if present) will be 2048 bytes. The sector size for the CD-ROM XA track (if present) will be 2336 bytes while the sector size for the DA track (if present) will be 2352 bytes.
The physical volume contains the contents of the virtual volume at the time of creation. Any subsequent changes to the virtual volume do not affect the current physical volume!
The physical volume file names are <volume name>.Pxx where xx stands for the track number. These files are always written to the GEAR working directory.
1. Open the virtual volume you want to create a physical volume for (refer to Locating and Opening an Existing Volume)
2. Click on Convert to Physical in the Image menu.
3. The next window asks if you want to create physical image files for the currently selected track or volume. Click on Track or Volume . Verification starts. A status report is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
4. If verificate.
The use of each entry in the GEAR.INI is described in the help index entry about the GEAR.INI file.
Premaster Tape Setup
Defines the setup settings which are used while writing the premaster tape and/or while verifying the tape. The user can specify the following information:
1. Select the Settings option from the Options menu.
2. Select the Tape... option.
The user can also select which method will be used when writing to tape:
Tracks on separate tapes
Each track is written to a separate tape file on a separate tape. It is not possible to write DDP information to tape when using this method.
Tracks in separate files
Each track is written to a separate tape file. All files are then written to one tape. This method is the default.
Same type of tracks in one file
Tracks of the same type are combined into one tape file. The tape files are then written to the same tape. This option may be useful when there are many small audio tracks present in the volume. Using the previous methods would result in a large number of filemarks on the tape that could give problems while mastering. The use of the DDP option is advised when this method is used.
One contiguous image file
All tracks are written to one file (contiguous image). Sector size, scrambling, blocking factor and gap/pause inclusion are set to the following mandatory values:
Sectorsize=2352
Scrambled=TRUE
Blocking factor=6
Gaps/pauses=Included
Important
The use of the DDP option is advised when using this method.
The GEAR software can generate tape images which include ECC and EDC codes. These correction and detection codes are only generated for data tracks if a sector size of 2336 or 2352 bytes has been selected.
Not all combinations of the above options are possible. The Tape command prevents the user from choosing combinations that are invalid. In general it is sufficient to use the default settings as specified in the supplied GEAR.INI file. If you change the settings this information will be saved in the GEAR.INI file: these become the default settings.
tronic Book
- CD-ROM XA - MMCD
- Multi Session - HFS (Hierarchical File System)
- CD Digital Audio - Photo CD
- CD-i (Compact Disc Interactive) - 3DO
- Video CD
If you choose CD-ROM or any of its derived products as the distribution and storage medium for your information, then you need GEAR to produce it. GEAR fills the gap between your application on hard disk and your application on CD-ROM.
With GEAR you can:
- Format your data files into a CD-ROM image that conforms to the ISO-9660 standard. Versions are also available for MS-DOS, Apple Macintosh, Sun, HP9000 and other platforms. Unix versions have support for the Rock Ridge standard as well.
- Write a CD-R disc on any of the available CD-R recorders, including Sony, Philips, Kodak, Pioneer, Ricoh, Plasmon, JVC and Yamaha. The CD-R discs produced with GEAR are fully compatible with normally mastered CDs.
- Create a pre-master tape on 8 mm Exabyte, 9 track tape or 4 mm DAT for CD reproduction; optionally in DDP-format.
For each step GEAR offers the right solution.
directory. If this file is not present in the current working directory, the GEARDIR environment variable will be used to locate it. Be sure that the software can locate the GEAR.INI file since without the information in this file GEAR cannot run properly.
What is the GEAR.INI file?K
The GEAR.INI file contains configuration information and information messages used by GEAR. The GEAR.INI file can be edited with any text editor.
During startup GEAR tries to locate the GEAR.INI file in the current working %
HELP_INDEX_READTRACK6
HELP_INDEX_RUNBATCH5
HELP_INDEX_RUNCOMMAND3
HELP_INDEX_SETWORKINGDIRECTORY1
HELP_INDEX_VERIFY.
HELP_INDEX_WHATNEEDTOKNOW-
HELP_INDEX_WRITE2CDR,
HELP_INDEX_WRITE2PREMASTERTAPse the same principle as a Multi Session disc. There is however an important difference; when writing Multi Volume discs, each
session or Volume on the disc has no reference to another volume on the disc. Each volume can be seen as a separate CD. In orde GEAR will notify you if it cannot locate the GEAR.INI file.
The GEAR.INI file can be edited with a standard text editor to change the configuration information. However, it is preferable that this information is changed via the GEAR menus.
In the GEAR.INI file:
- Lines starting with a semi-colon are treated as comments.
- Parameters must be entered immediately after the '=' sign; the parameters are interpreted starting with the first character after the equal sign.
- All parameters are case sensitiv!
What Do I Need to Know About CDs?
Before you start production, it is important and helpful that you understand the following concepts of CD and CD-R.
Multi Session
According to the Orange Book, Multi Session is the possibility to record the information on the CD-R in several interrupted actions (sessions) i.e. at a different time on a different recorder. Each session can contain information according to one of the CD standards (ISO, XA, DA, etc.). The data in different sessions can be linked i.e. a newer session can refer to data in an older session.
This functionality offers enormous possibilities for:
- document archiving
- updating catalogs of information regularly
Each session will introduce a data overhead (lead in and lead out) of 15 megabytes. This limits the number of sessions on a disc to about 40 (for a 650 Mb disc).
A true Multi Session CD-ROM reader will automatically go to the last session and present all linked sessions as one. As a user you will never be aware of the number of sessions on the disc.
GEAR fully supports the creation of Multi Session discs. If you want to append a session to a CD-R disc, GEAR reads back the last session and creates a virtual image of it. This image can then used as any other image to add, delete and update information. If you delete information from a session, the reference to the data is deleted; the actual data remains on the session. When you write the new session to the disc only the changes are written.
Multi Volume
Multi Volume discs uhowever, another structure enabling the use of audio tracks in combination with Multi Session called `CD Extended' or `CD Plus'. These CD-Rs have multiple audio tracks in the first session and use the subsequent sessions for data. This means that an audio r to read a Multi Volume disc you need a specific device driver which allows you to select a volume on the CD-R. Currently there are several third party software packages with this functionality.
GEAR fully supports the creation of Multi Volume discs. If you want to add a volume to a disc, just create the volume as any other volume (with the New option in the Session menu). When the image is ready just put the CD-R disc you want to add the volume to in the recorder, and write the new volume.
Tracks
- A CD-R can contain up to 99 tracks, regardless of the number of sessions or the type of tracks on the disc. GEAR allows you to create up to 99 tracks (Multi Media version only).
- It is not possible to have both ISO and XA tracks on the same session or virtual volume.
- In most cases only a Multi Session player can play an audio track on a Multi Session disc.
Not all audio CD players can handle Multi Session audio discs.
- Each session or virtual volume always contains at least one track; Refer to the table below for the possible track structures for a session or virtual volume:
Possible track structures
Number of tracks
ISO XA DA
Structure 1 1 - Up to 98
Structure 2 - 1 Up to 98
Structure 3 - - Between 1 and 99
Structures 1 and 2 can be used for each session of a Multi Volume or Multi Session disc. However, the maximum number of tracks for the whole disc is still 99. Structure 3 should not be used for Multi Session discs. Structure 3 should not be used for Multi Session discs. There is, nalize the disc because it runs out of data unexpectedly, the CD-R disc is wasted and can not be used. Therefore, the data transfer rate to a CD- Recorder is very important! To minimize the chances of an unexpected data underrun, you could use Incremental player only `sees' the first session (i.e. audio tracks), whereas a Multi Session CD-ROM player only presents the data sessions.
Incremental Write
Incremental Write is the possibility to divide a data track into small data packets and write each data packet separately to a CD-R disc. For Incremental Writing there are two requirements:
- The CD-Recorder and software must support Incremental Write (refer to your CD-Recorder manual). GEAR supports Incremental Write. Most CD-Recorders do NOT support Incremental Write
- The ISO 9660 file system standard has to be extended. The ISO 9660 standard does not support Incremental Write. There is however a new (European) standard, ECMA 168, which is an extension of the ISO 9660 standard and which describes the necessary enhancements required for the support of Incremental Write. Support for the new ECMA 168 standard will be available in future releases of GEAR.
The packet size determines the amount of overhead. For a 64 Kb packet size. the overhead is about 15%. A special driver is required to read incrementally written discs. Most CD-ROM readers currently on the market can not read an incrementally written disc!
CD-Recorders
CD-Recorders are computer peripherals with some very specific aspects. When a recorder is writing data to a disc, it cannot wait for the data (unlike for instance a tape unit). The data buffer of the recorder must always contain data.
Data transfer can only be stopped at very specific points. These points are determined by the way the disc is written (Disc at once, track at once or incremental). At these points (end of disc, end of track and end of packet) the recorder can finalize the writing of data and then the writing can be resumed at a later time. If the recorder cannot fi
der. The customer information is read from the GEAR.INI file. The WORESULT.TXT file contains status information.
1. Open the virtual volume you want to write to CD-R (refer to Locating and Opening an Existing Volume)
2. Click on CD-R in the WritWriting. However, Incremental Writing is not yet supported by CD-Recorders.
GEAR allows you to do a performance check on your system to check the transfer rate before data is written. We advise you to do this until you are very familiar with the possibilities of your system.
GEAR also supports the so-called
test mode of CD-Recorders. In this mode all data is transferred, but the disc is not actually written. This allows you to check your system performance for writing discs. When you start with CD-Relly loaded as: INSTALL.EXE;1 at sector 200.
;Tree loaded.
;Log file closed at 1994 09 07 15:59
All lines preceded by a semicolon are ignored when running this log file as a batch file. You can add comments as long as they are preceded by a semi-colonwasting a disc. In case the performance of your system is not sufficient you can try the following:
- Use a lower recording speed if possible.
- Use a physical volume instead of a virtual image.
- Minimize disk fragmentation.
- Check if you are running applications in the background and if so disable them during writing of the CD- R disc.
- Check if your hard disk does recalibration.
- Check if the SCSI termination is correct. Wrong SCSI termination could cause delays on the SCSI bus.
Important
prevents you from wasting a disc due to data transfer problems. You can also check what other settings will be used by GEAR for writing your image.
Click on OK.
4. Select the CD-R option of the Write menu or click on the disc icon in the toolbar.
When CD-R writing has been initiated, GEAR optimizes your virtual image; the volume is resized to the minimum size that can contain all the information. Next, all files in the volume are verified; the actual size and time stamp of each file is compared to the size and time stamp at the time of loading. If there are any differences GEAR warns you, and you can update the changed files by reloading them. Differences occur if files are changed after being loaded into the virtual image.
If verification is successful and the Estimate before write setting is enabled, GEAR checks the performance of your system. If the system performance is sufficient, GEAR continues with writing the disc, otherwise writing is aborted.
To improve the system performance you can ecording , we advise you to use this test option for the first few discs. This allows you to get to know the software and the hardware, and also prevents you from wasting CD-R discs.
Single Session
Single Session discs usually contain one session. Once a volume is written as Single Session (by disabling the GEAR Multi Session option) no more data can be added to the disc. This can be used to 'finalize' a Multi Session disc so that nobody can ever add data to the disc, or to create a disc with only one session.
RESS=330
If you selected the ASPI or CAM driver, the SYSTEM.INI file is not modified. If you want to change from Elektroson's Adaptec driver to the ASPI driver or vice versa the software has to be installed again!
GEARAHDR.386 file
The GEARAHDR.386 file is copied to the system directory of Microsoft Windows.
Important
If GEAR has to be installed again, remove the GEAR specific lines in the SYS TEM.INI and WIN.INI files.
The WIN.INI variable GEARDIR should be set correctly. If not, the softwarient, the software will continue with writing the disc, otherwise the writing will be aborted.
Important
The system has to maintain a high data transfer rate to the CD-Recorder. If this transfer rate can not be maintained, the writing of the CD-R disc will fail. CD-R discs can be written at single speed, double speed or quadruple speed. The data transfer rate is dependent on the speed of recording and the type of track (ISO, CD-ROM XA, CD Digital Audio) written (see table).
1x 2x 4x 6x
ISO 153 Kb/s 307 Kb/s 614 Kb/s 918Kb/s
CD-ROM XA 175 Kb/s 350 Kb/s 700 Kb/s 1050Kb/s
CD Digital Audio 176 Kb/s 352 Kb/s 705 Kb/s 1056Kb/s
For external volumes the required transfer rate depends on the selected sector size. 2048 bytes_byte per sector is comparable to ISO, 2336 bytes per sector CD-ROM XA and 2352 bytes per sector CD Digital Audio.
If the CD-Recorder supports a test mode or write disable mode (like most CD-Recorders do), the WriteEnable option of the CD-R Settings window (refer to the Options menu) can be used to check if the image can be written to CD-R disc. If the WriteEnable option is disabled, all information is transferred to the CD-Recorder but the disc is not actually written. Therefore, the performance can be checked without ing of your CD-R disc starts. During writing, the software reports the percentage of each track of the volume written in the GEAR Status Window.
When writing is complete, the disc is ejected automatically. Your disc is ready for testing in a CD-ROM driv Pinnacle RCD-1000
"Config.sys" file: Files=20
Buffers=40
Device=aspi4dos.sys /d
(refer to the card installation manual)
Refer to your MS-DOS manual for help when editing the "config.sys" file.
The performance of the system for writing a CD-R disc is better if the access time of your hard disk is lower. This is more important than a faster processor. A lot of hard disks currently on the market regularly perform what is called
recalibration . Recalibration means that the hard disk verifies its read/write operation to prevent problems. If this happens during the writing of a CD-R disc, this might result in a data transfer problem. Refer to your hard disk documentation or speak with your supplier to check whether or not your hard disk performs recalibration.
Information
The best hard disks for writing CD-R discs are the so called
multi media or
AV hard disks. This type of hard disk minimizes the recalibration time and guarantees a high sustained data rate.
The CD-R option always creates the following files after an image has been written: WO_IDENT.TXT and WORESULT.TXT. The WO_IDENT.TXT file contains the TOC (Table of Contents) plus some customer information of the image written to CD- Recorection of the two adapters must be different to prevent conflicts.
If an adapter is already present in your computer, you may have to change the interrupt channel, IO address and DMA channel select to prevent conflicts between the adapters.
Importan"
Configuration Required to Run GEAR
The Multi Media version of GEAR for Windows requires the following configuration (versions for DOS, Sun, HP9000 and MAC are also available. Contact your distributor for more information).
Computer: IBM AT or compatible; 386DX or 486 (486 advised).
Hard disk: 25 Mb free disk space.
Important
A fast hard disk with a fast controller (12 msec average access time or less) is recommended. Use only hard disks that do not require thermal recalibration. If thermal recalibration occurs during CD-R writing, the data stream stops and the disc is wasted!
Operating system: PC or MS-DOS 5.0 or higher.
Microsoft Windows 3.1 or higher.
Aspi4dos.sys driver, Aspi7dos.sys driver or CAM driver.
Memory: 4 Mb (8 Mb ad
Editing Tracks%
When you have selected new virtual volume the Track window appears. This window allows you to add tracks, delete tracks, and select tracks so that the content can be edited.
1. Select the volume (refer to Locating and Opening an Existing Volumee) and click on Tracks... in the Edit menu.The Tracks window presents a list of all existing tracks in the currently selected volume.
2. Click on one of the following options:
Select
Selects an existing track for editing. When a track is
PRE_INTERLEAVE_ITEM
P~re Interleaved
SETTINGS_ITEM
Se~ttings
FIELD_50
GENERATION_ITEM
ng Directory...
HELP_PULL_DOWN_ITEM
~Help
FIELD_57
INDEX_ITEM
~Index
USINGBOX_SETTINGS_ITEM
Jukebox...
MASTERING_ITEM
Ma~stering...
WORKING_DIRECTORY_ITEM
~Worki_HELP_ITEM
~Using Help
FIELD_60
ABOUT_GEAR_ITEM
About GEAR
~Working Directory...
HELP_PULL_DOWN_ITEM
~Help
FIELD_57
INDEX_ITEM
~Index
NU_SEPARATOR
MNU_AFSLUITEN
A~fsluiten Alt+F4
MNU_BEWERKEN
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FIELD_26$ectory.
rack type to track number 1 if either an ISO or an XA track is already selected on the virtual volume.
When a new track is created it is automatically assigned the maximum available space on the virtual volume.
GENERAL
Three administration files are cE/
HELP_INDEX_WHATISGEARINIX
HELP_USING_HELP
HELP_DLG_ABOUT
HELP_DLG_APPEND
HELP_DLG_CREATETRACK
HELP_DLG_CURRENTWORKINGDIR
HELP_DLG_DELETEIMAGEFILE$
HELP_DLG_NEWIMAGEFILE%
HELP_Dvised) RAM.
500 kb conventional memory.
Adapter cards: Adaptec SCSI_SCSI card or any other interface card which is supported by the ASPI or ASPI compatible driver.
Future domain card with CAM driver.
The hard disk and CD-Recorder unit should be connected to separate SCSI controllers.
Recorders: JVC XR-W1001, XR- W2001
Kodak PCD200, PCD225, PCD600
Philips CDD521, CDD522
Plasmon RF4100
RICOH RS-9200CD
Sony CDW-E1/W1, CDW900E
Yamaha CDR100, PDS301
Pioneer DR-R504X
Creating and Editing a LogK
Creating
The GEAR batch utility allows you to RUN multiple GEAR commands without user interaction. The easiest way to create a batch file is to use the logging option of GEAR and create the image one time interactively. This evant directory string from the Directories tree.
3. Click on OK to confirm the log file name; logging of the session starts.
4. Stop logging of the session by selecting the Generate Log... option from the Session menu again.
From log to batch fx
le to assign CD audio to track number 1 if either an ISO or an XA track is selected on the virtual volume.
- When a new track is created it is automatically assigned the maximum available space on the virtual volume.
r is only relevant for CD audio, since ISO and XA tracks are always assigned track number 1.
- A virtual volume_virtual_image can contain up to 99 tracks.
- It is not possible to have both ISO and XA tracks on the same virtual volume.
- It is not possiband/or IRQ channel.
ASPI Managers
If you are using an ASPI manager as the device interface for multiple controllers and your CD-R unit is recognized by ASPI but not by GEAR, you will probably have to change the AspiHostAdapterNumber in the GEAR.INI fil
Customer Settingsr
Shows the customer information that is used. This information is stored in the GEAR.INI file. The information can be changed in the Customer setup window or by editing the GEAR.INI file directly.
1. Select the Settings option from the Options menu.
2. Select the Customer... option.
These settings are saved in the GEAR.INI file and become the default settings.
Disc Informationx
This option displays information about the CD-R disc in the CD-Recorder. The following information is available:
- Type of CD-R disc.
- Number of sessions on the CD-R disc.
- Number of tracks on the CD-R disc.
- Start time (ATIME) of each session and track.
- The type and size of each track.
- Start time of the 'lead out'.
Notes
- The information displayed depends on the type of CD-Recorder. Not all CD-Recorders can give all the information mentioned above.
- An ATIME is specified as mm:ss:ff where mm specifies the number of minutes, ss the number of seconds and ff the number of sectors.
- The lead out is specified as the latest possible start position for the lead out an thus also indicates the CD-R capacity. For mastered CDs the start of the lead out indicates the end of the data area on the disc. If multi session disc is loaded the CD-Recorder will report that the last session on the disc is unfinished. This is because a recorder will always create the beginning of a new session when closing the last session on the disc.
1. To display the disc information select the DiscInfo option from the Options menu.
reated for each new track and located in the current working directory. The name of these files consists of the volume name plus the extensions '.Mxx', '.Ixx and '.Fxx', where 'xx' stands for the track number.
WARNING
Gear cannot create the Track administration files if there is less than 25 Mb of free disk space.
is particularly useful if the same image has to be created but with an updated set of files e.g. a CD which is published every quarter. All of the commands required for the creation of this image are saved in the log file. This log file can be used as a batch file without any editing.
You can also read the log file to check the image generation process.
1. Start logging of the session by selecting the Generate Log... option from the Session menu.
2. The Name of imagefile window opens. An existing log file or a new log file can be used. If logging is restarted during the same session with the same file name then the information will be appended to the file, otherwise the existing file will be renamed. To change the current directory select the reltree. When double clicking a directory the contents of this, newly selected, directory are displayed in the file list.
Specify the desired image file name
You can specify the image file, that you want to be created in the working directory, by:
- seleile (editing)
A log file can be edited with any text editor and then used as a batch file.
The contents of the log file could be as follows:
;New log file created at 1994 09 07 15:58
;Logging started.
;D:\GEARIMG
NEWVOL DEMO 74
;Volume DEMO created.
SELVOL DEMO 74
;Volume DEMO selected.
NEWTRK ISO 1
;Track 1 created.
COPYTREE D:\DATA DATA
;D:\DATA\FILE1.DAT
;Successfully loaded as: FILE1.DAT;1 at sector 169.
;Tree loaded.
COPYTREE D:\STARTUP STARTUP
;D:\STARTUP\INSTALL.EXE
;Successfuither minimize the fragmentation on your hard disk with a disk optimization program, or you can use the physical image_physical_image file of the volume.
GEAR then checks the recorder. If there is no disc in the tray, you will be asked to load one: writ. GEAR commands should start on a new line.
Any of the commands as men tioned in Appendix G can be used.
IELD_4@
&Logical position number of the CD Recorder:
CD_R_POSITION_INTD
FIELD_15A
FIELD_16A
&Cancel
Creating a New Empty Virtual Volume
This will allow you to create and name a new empty virtual volume.
1. Click on New CD-Image... in the File menu.
2. Type in a name for your new virtual volume. The name is limited to 8 characters; valid characters are 0...9, A...Z and the underscore '_'.
If you want to give your virtual volume a longer name you can use the Volume Descriptor option in the in the Edit menu (refer to Editing a Volume Descriptor).
3. GEAR creates a file by adding a suffith your left mouse button. (The double click in this case implies selection of the file as well as implicitly pressing the OK button.)
cting it from the file list or
- typing it's name.
e window (on the left); you can only use the directory window on the right. Just select a few files and/or directories and drag them to the GEAR Working Window.
Directly after you drop the selection, GEAR starts loading. The GEAR Status Window will show you which files are loaded under which name and at which location.
An ISO file or directory name is limited to 30 characters; valid characters are 0...9, A...Z and the underscore
ck the settings in the GEAR.INI file.
The following settings for the Adaptec board controlling the CD-R unit, usually results in a working configuration:
- IO Address 230
- IRQ channel 15
- DMA channel 7
A conflicting hardware configuration might result in the following messages being displayed:
- Cannot write channel 2 buffer
- DMA test of AHA-154X board failed
Other error messages can result from an ASPI manager. If you are using an ASPI manager and errors occur, use another DMA channel '
Creating Tracks on a New Virtual Volume
When you have created a new virtual volume_virtual_image the Create track window menu appears. This menu allows you to add tracks to, and delete tracks from the virtual volume.
1. Select the required track type. The available track types are ISO, XA and CD audio. Click on Create to confirm. To add another track select Create and repeat this procedure. The Track window displays the created tracks.
Notes
- The track number is automatically selected; this numbecified settings.
DEFAULT
Press the Default button to load the default values from the GEAR.INI file.
CANCEL
Press the Cancel button to keep to the old generator settings.
NOTES
The settings above are NOT saved in the GEAR.INI file. They are vned the maximum available space on the volume.
DELETE
Press the Delete button to delete the selected track. The related administration files and physical volume files are also deleted.
CREATE
Press the Create button to create an empty track of a chhis field you can specify the maximum directory nesting level allowed in the volume.
WHEN COPYING FILES WITH UNIX NAMES TO AN ISO IMAGE
In this field you can specify how Gear should react when copying files with (non-ISO) Unix names to an ISO image. By clicking on the according button you can select one of:
- Prompt user.
- Ignore non ISO chracters.
- Translate to upper case only.
- Translate to ISO completely.
- Translate to ISO level 1.
HIDE FILES THAT WIL BE COPIED TO THE IMAGE
In this field you can specify wether or not to make the files and directories, when loaded into the image, hidden or not. Hidden files and directories, even during simulation, do not appear in the directory listing. The default value for this mode is NOT hidden.
ASK ME TO SPECIFY THE START SECTOR OF EACH FILE THAT IS COPIED
In this field you can specify if the start sector of a file has to be specified or not, when loading files into the image. The default value for this mode is off.
ARCHIVES ONLY
In this field you can specify wether or not to load archives only.
ARCHIVES RESET
In this field you can specify wether or not to reset archives.
Press the OK button to activate the changed volume settings.
DEFAULT
Press the Default button to fill all fields with the values currently present in the GEAR.INI file.
CANCEL
Press the Cancel button to quit changing the volume settings.
NOTES
- The maximum number of directories cannot be changed for the currently selected volume.
- This only affects the currently selected volume.
Premaster Tape Writingw
You can write the volume to disc by using the Premaster tape option of the Write menu or the tape icon of the toolbar.
When premaster tape writing has been initiated, GEAR optimizes your virtual image; the volume is resized to the minimum size that can contain all the information. Next, all files in the volume are verified; the actual size and time stamp of each file is compared to the size and time stamp at the time of loading. If there are any differences GEAR warns you, and yselected, the previously selected track is optimized; resized to the minimum size that can contain all the information. The newly selected track is assigned the maximum available space on the volume.
Create
Creates an empty track of a chosen type. The available track types are ISO, CD-ROM XA and CD Digital Audio.
The Track window displays the created tracks.
Notes
- The track number is automatically selected; this number is only relevant for CD Digital Audio, since ISO and CD-ROM XA tracks are always assigned track number 1.
- A virtual volume can contain up to 99 tracks.
- It is not possible to have both ISO and CD-ROM XA tracks on the same virtual volume.
- It is not possible to assign CD Digital Audio to track number 1 if either an ISO or an CD-ROM XA track is selected on the virtual volume.
- When a new track is created it is automatically assigned the maximum available space on the virtual volume.
Important
Three administration files are created for each new track and located in the current working directory. The name of these files consists of the first 8 characters of the volume name plus the extensions '.Mxx' , '.Ixx' and '.Fxx' ., where 'xx' stands for the track number.
Information
If you need files on your hard disk that represent audio. These files must always fulfil the following requirements (the so called Red Book format):
- Sample frequency must be 44.1 KHz.
- Audio must be stereo.
- Each sample must consist of 16 bits.
- The byte_byte order must be the byte_byte order used by the computer running the GEAR software. If this is not the case the generic option MSBAudio= can be used so that GEAR will swap the audio bytes for all tracks.
DOS/Windows: LSB audio default, with MSBAudio=true each track will be swapped e Select option from the Files/Directories menu (refer to section below - To Select Files/Directories on the track).
2. Select the Files/Directories option from the Edit menu and then the Rename option.
3. Type in the new name for the file and click on OK to confirm.
To Delete Selected Files/Directories from the Track
Deletes selected files/directories from the current track. A complete directory tree can be deleted without having to delete the files first!
1. Select the files/directories to be deleted. This can be done by:
EITHER
a. Clicking on the file with the mouse.
b. Selecting the file(s) by using the Select option from the Files/Directories menu (refer to section below - To Select Files/Directories on the track).
2. Select the Files/Directories option from the Edit menu and then the Delete option.
3. Confirm by clicking on OK.
To Select Files/Directories on the Track
This option lets the user enter a specification for selecting files/directories on the currently selected track. DOS wild-cards are allowed. This option is used for selecting a specific set of files/directories for deletion or renaming. Alternatively, the standard Windows method of file selection with the mouse can also be used.
1. Select the Files/Directories option from the Edit menu and then the Select option.
2. Type in the DOS string criteria for file/directory selection i.e. '*.txt' for all files with the 'txt' extension. Confirm by clicking on OK.
To Deselect Files/Directories on the Track
This option lets the user enter a specification for deselecting files/directories on the currently selected track. DOS wild-cards are allowed. This option is used for selecting a specific set of files/directories previously selected for deletion or renaming. Alternatively, the standard Windows method of file selection with the mouse can also be used.
1. Select the Files/Directories option from the Edit menu and then the Deselect option.
2. Type in the DOS string criteria for file/direcby GEAR.
Depending on the audio package being used, the audio file may or may not contain a sound header. You can also use the readtrack option of GEAR to copy a digital audio track from CD to a file on hard disk. This option operates on the CDD522 and CDR100. The readtrack option creates no header so the resulting file can be used directly.
Warning
The CDD522 reads audio in MSB format while the CDR100 reads audio in LSB format. The current GEAR version supports Red Book audio files, WAV audio files and AIFF audio files. All files should fulfil the above requirements. For WAV and AIIF files the header is automatically removed.
AIFF files are usually in MSB format.
Warning
GEAR cannot create the Track administration files if there is less than 25 Mb of free disk space.
If the message
Track administration files could not be created' is displayed you will have to create this free disk space.
You should never edit or delete these files manually: this will result in a corrupt and thus useless volume. They will be deleted automatically when the associated volume is deleted!
Delete
Deletes the selected track. The related administration files and physical volume files are also deleted.
Warning
Deleted tracks can not be restored. Use this command with care.
Cancel
Closes the Tracks window.
Editing Track ContentsF
When a track has been selected (refer to section Editing tracks) you can edit it in the following ways:
- create a new directory on the track
- rename a file/directory on the track
- delete selected files/directories from theLG_OPENIMAGEFILE
HELP_DLG_DISCINFO
HELP_DLG_EXIT
HELP_DLG_GEARCOMMAND
HELP_DLG_GENERATORSETUP!
HELP_DLG_HELPINDEX"
HELP_DLG_JUKEBOX#
HELP_DLG_MASTERINFO&
HELP_DLG_PRIMARYVOLUMEDESCRIPTOR'
track
- select files/directories on the track
- de-select files/directories on the track
To Create a New Directory on the Track
First make sure you have selected the correct track.
1. Select the Files/Directories option from the Edit menu.
2. Select the Create option.
3. Type in the name of the new directory to be added to the track.
The directory name is limited to 30 characters. Valid characters are 0...9, A...Z and the underscore
_' (refer to ISO File and Directory Naming). GEAR gives you a warning if there are any invalid characters in the directory name. You can then choose to translate the directory name to an ISO compliant name or you can leave the file name unchanged. GEAR has several options for handling non-ISO names. Chapter 9 explains these options.
- We advise you to limit the number of entries in a directory to 50.
- DOS can only handle names of up to 8 characters; files can have an extension of up to 3 characters.
Hiding the Directory
It is possible to create hidden directories by setting the Hidden option on before creating the new directory.
1. Select Options from the GEAR main menu.
2. Select the Settings option.
3. Select the Generation... option. The Generator Setup window appears.
4. To hide new directories, toggle the Hidden box so that a cross is displayed. Press OK to confirm.
To Rename a File/Directory on the Track
Renames the selected directory or file in the virtual data track to the new name. The name may not contain any other characters than uppercase A..Z, digits 0..9 and underscore
_ (refer to ISO File and Directory Naming).
1. Select the file(s) to be renamed. This can be done by:
EITHER
a. Clicking on the file with the mouse.
b. Selecting the file(s) by using th all situations in which the status line provides you with information.
The status line gives you a single line explanation of the functionality of the tool bar button over which you move the mouse cursor.
The status line gives you a single line explanation of the ...
ou can update the changed files by reloading them. Differences occur if files are changed after being loaded into the virtual image.
If verification is successful GEAR continues with writing the tape. GEAR checks the tape unit. If there is no tape loaded you will be asked to put a tape in the unit and writing of your tape starts. During writing, the software reports the percentage of each track of the volume written in the GEAR Status Window.
If the Verify before write setting is enabled, GEAR compares the contents of the tape with the actual volume. This means that the complete tape is read back and the data is checked against the contents of your virtual image. If there are any differences GEAR warns you. After verifying the tape, or directly after the writing if you decided to skip the verify operation, the tape is ejected automatically. You can now send the tape to a CD-ROM mastering plant!
Read Track
This option can be used to read back a complete track from a CD-R disc and create a byte for byte copy of an existing track on the CD-R.
Notes
- Not all recorders support the reading of audio tracks via the SCSI bus. At the time of going to print only the Yamaha CDR-100 and the Philips CDD522 support this.
- When reading audio with the CDD522 make sure that your computer is fast enough to store the audio data. If this is not the case, the CDD522 will skip parts of the audio.
1. Select
tory deselection i.e. '*.txt' for all files with the 'txt' extension. Confirm by clicking on OK.
Editing a Volume Descriptorr
This option allows you to edit the information in the Primary Volume Descriptor for the currently selected volume. The default values are specified in the GEAR.INI file and can be changed with the Generator option of the Settings menu. The content of the GEAR.INI file and the default values are explained in the GEAR.INI help index topic.
1. Select the Volume Descriptor... option from the Edit menu. The Primary Volume Descriptor window is displayed.
2. Type in the Volume Descriptor information for the currently selected volume. Click on OK to confirm.
The following information can be edited:
Volume Identifier
System Identifier
Publisher Identifier
Data Preparer Identifier
Application Identifier
Application Use
Copyright Identifier
Abstract File Identifier
Bibliographic File Identifier
- This only affects the currently selected volume.
Editing Volume SettingsU
This option allows you to edit the volume settings for the currently selected volume. The default values are specified in the GEAR.INI file and can be changed with the Generator options of the Settings menu. The content of the GEAR.INI file and the default values are explained in chapter 11.
1. Select the Volume Settings... option from the Edit menu. The volume settings window is displayed.
2. Change the settings according to your needs.
- The maximum number of directories cannot be changed for the currently selected volume.
- This only affects the currently selected volume.
Estimate
This option checks the performance of your system for writing the selected volume to CD-R disc. The software measures the time it needs to read all the information from the selected volume and transfer it to the CD- Recorder with the current speed settings. No data is transferred to the recorder. During the estimate the software displays which parts of the image cannot be read fast enough (if any).
Please read the next section for ways to improve the system performance in case this happens.
Note: An estimate only measures the time it needs to read all the information from the selected volume. The SCSI controller used for the CD-Recorder and the internal buffer of the CD-Recorder is not taken into account. You can use Writing to CD-R with the Write Enable option off to do a complete performance test of your system.
Due to the nature of an estimate, the Estimate command cannot guarantee that the disc will be successfully written!
1. Open the virtual volume you want to do an estimate for (refer to Locating and Opening an Existing Volume).
2. Click on Estimate in the Write menu. If the physical volume is not available you will be asked if the virtual volume should be used. During estimate a status report is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
External Volumes
An external volume is a volume that has been generated by another indexing package. An external volume can not be edited by GEAR. However, it can be written by GEAR to a CD-R disc or to a premaster tape. Before writing an external volume, it must be opened and the parameters defined.
1. Click on Open... in the Session menu. The Open imagefile window displays a list of available volumes in the current working directory.
2. Select the External image file option from the Files of Type list. All external volumes in the currently selected directory are shown. To change the current directory, select the relevant directory string from the Directories tree.
3. When the required external volume has been located double click on the name. The External Volume Parameters window is displayed. The previously selected volume (if any) is minimized and closed, and the selected external volume is opened. The external volume information is indicated in the GEAR Status Window.
4. Select the format by:
- using the default format
- selecting a pre-defined format
- defining the format
Using the default format
Click on the Default button
Selecting a pre-defined format
From the Image Type list select one of the following pre-defined format:
4 Standard XA or EB XA (e.g. images with Mammoth XA streams)
5 Standard XA with EDC/ECC codes
6 XA with EDC/ECC codes, pre-gap and scrambled
7 Standard CD-i without EDC/ECC codes
8 Standard CD-i with EDC/ECC codes
9 Standard CD-i with pre-gap
10 CD-i with EDC/ECC codes, pre-gap and scrambled. Uses the same output format as that of most CD-i authoring tools.
11 Standard Audio
Notes
- The size of the pre-gap should always be 2 seconds (150 sectors). Scrambled images must contain SYNC, HEADER and ECC/EDC code information. Unscrambled images can be accepted with a 2352 sector size without the SYNC, HEADER and ECC/EDC filled in.
-The byte order of audio files must be the byte order used by the computer running the GEAR software. If this is not the case the generic option MSBAudio= of the GEAR.INI file can be used so that GEAR will swap the audio bytes for all tracks.DOS/Windows:
LSB audio default, with MSBAudio=TRUE each track will be swapped by GEAR.
Audio files should NOT contain any sound header! If sound headers are not removed or cleared, they will cause a sharp click in the resulting audio track on the CD. Audio files should only contain 16 bit samples, stereo (one sample for the left channel and one for the right channel) sampled on 44.1 kHz.
- The External image files option allows you to select only one file. If the external volume consists of more than one file you can use the Track list files option to specify more than one external file.
The track list file (*.tlf) contains one or more lines where each line specifies a track of the CD-ROM (a full path can be used) e.g. to write a mixed mode image (contains one ISO track and a number of digital audio tracks) the following lines can be specified in a track list file:
image.dat /1
audio.2 /11
audio.3 /11
Defining the format
From the Image Type list select User defined image type. Set the parameters for the format.
5. Click on OK to confirm the format.
Data Formatting (Generation)
Three windows appear when you start the software; the GEAR Working Window , the GEAR Status Window, and the New imagefile Window.
The Status Window indicates what GEAR is currently doing. The nine status fields of the Status Window display useful information about the CD-image you are working on, such as selected volume, selected track within the volume or selected directory.
The New imagefile Window allows you to create a new virtual image file; just type in a name for your new virtual image file and click OK. The Create track window opens. Click on Create and select the ISO format. Click on Cancel to close the Create track window.
The virtual image file is created and the File Manager appears. You are now ready to start loading your data!
Files or directories are copied to the virtual image file simply by selecting them in the File Manager Window and dragging them to the GEAR Working Window.
Important
File Manager does not allow you to drag icons from its tree. If ASPI is installed for more than one adapter, the ASPI manager numbers each adapter, starting from 0. The GEAR.INI entry defines which adapter GEAR should use for searching for the CD-R unit.
SCSI Adapters
The CD-Recorder can not always handle the high SCSI bus transfer rates that some of the new SCSI2 controllers are using. This problem could cause 'miscompares' on CD-R discs.
Previous controllers had a DMA transfer rate of 5.0 Mb/sec. SCSI2 controllers have a default transfer rate of 10 Mb/sec. Besides that, the new controllers use a type of 'sync negotiation' which is used to negotiate the synchronous data transfer rate. This 'sync negotiation' should be disabled for CD-Recorders because most of them cannot handle it adequately.
If 'misco/
HELP_DLG_READTRACK(
HELP_DLG_RECORDERSETUP)
HELP_DLG_TAPESETUP*
HELP_DLG_TRACKINFOP
HELP_INDEX_CDRECORDERSM
HELP_INDEX_CDRWRITINGL
HELP_INDEX_CONFIGURATIONJ
HELP_INDEX_CREATEVOLUMEI
HEmpares' occur on a CD-R disc, you should check the following:
- type of controller used by the CD-Recorder
- DMA transfer rate used
- termination
- 'sync negotiation' enabled
- parity checking enabled
With Adaptec controllers you can check these settings by pressing <CTRL> A at boot time.
Medium Changers
Currently, GEAR supports 2 medium changers, the ASM Jukebox and the Kodak Disc Transporter. If a medium changer is being used, it must be connected to the same SCSI bus as the CD-Recorder. GEAR will use the medium changer only for automatic loading and unloading of the CD-R discs. The GEAR.INI entry UseMediumChanger must be set to TRUE if a medium changer is being used.
The following formatting settings are saved in the GEAR.INI file (refer to Generation information for further explanation of these formatting settings):
- System Identifier
- Publisher Identifier
- Data Preparer Identifier
- Applicsession if there are read errors on this session
- create `CD Extended' or `CD Plus' discs.
One of the sessions on the CD-R disc, to which the session is to be appended, is used as the basis of a new virtual image. The content of the virtual image is eation Identifier
- Application Use
- Copyright File Identifier
- Abstract File Identifier
- Bibliographic File Identifier
- Maximum Directories in Volume
- Directory Nesting level
- Archive Files only
- Non ISO names handling
1. Select the Settings option from the Options menu.
2. Select the Generation... option.
Some of these settings can also be set with the Volume Descriptor...or Volume Settings... option of the Edit menu. However, the difference is that the settings in the GEAR.INI file are used as the default for each new volume, while the items which are edited with the Volume Descriptor... option are only valid for the currently selected volume.
The following settings are not saved in the GEAR.INI file. Nonetheless, they do remain valid as long as the GEAR software is running.
Hidden
Changes the hidden mode. The hidden mode specifies if the files and directories, when loaded, are hidden or not. Files and directories are hidden if the hidden mode is on. Otherwise they will be loaded normally. Hidden files and directories, even during simulation, do not appear in the directory listing. Default value for this mode is off.
StartSector
Changes the sector mode. The sector mode specifies if the start sector of a file can be specifie
2. Select the CD-R option; the CD-R settings dialog will appear. If you want to write a Multi Session disc, make sure that the Multi Session option is enabled.
3. Disable the writing of the CD-R disc by clearing the Recording enabled check box. Thisd or not. The start sector of a file can be specified if the sector mode is on. Default value for this mode is off.
Hardware Installation
This section indicates important considerations when installing hardware so that you can connect a premaster tape and/or CD-R unit.
Important
Always consult the manufacturer's instructions before installing hardware. Problems encountered during installation are usually due to hardware installation and not due to GEAR.
Use the software supplied with the Adaptec 1540/1542 SCSI_SCSI host adapter or any adapter supported by the Adaptec ASPI manager driver or compatible. GEAR has been successfully tested with the Buslogic, Future Domain and Bustek adapters. In all cases the adapter was tested with the ASPI software delivered with the adapter.
Important
We strongly advise NOT to use the same Adaptec board to control your hard disk and the CD- Recorder.
If you install a separate adapter for the CD-R unit, make sure the BIOS of this adapter is disabled, and check the address settings to prevent an address conflict with the hard disk adapter. The INT Request and DMA channel sel)
Appending Volumes to a Multi Session Disc
Append
GEAR allows you to append a new session to any session already existing on a multi-session CD- R disc. This powerful feature of GEAR allows you to:
- recover data from older sessions
- skip the last dited. Finally, the virtual image is written to the multi- session CD-R disc.
1. Select the Append option from the Session menu.
2. Select a session/track number; this track will be used as the basis of the virtual image (the default number is that of the last session on the disc). If the selected session/trackis an audio track select the data format of the next session (ISO or XA) and enter the name of the new session. If the selected session/track is a data track this information need not be entered, as it is derived from the session on the CD-R. The selected session/track on the CD-R disc is read and the virtual image_virtual_image created. The virtual image contains the same directory/file structure as that of the session. The data structure is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
Important
The virtual image is automatically assigned the same name as the selected session. If a virtual image with this name (i.e. the original virtual image) is present, GEAR warns you and asks if it should overwrite. If you don't want to overwrite the existing virtual image, use another directory for saving the new virtual image to.
This procedure does not delete or corrupt data on your CD-R disc.
3. Add or remove files just like with any other virtual image; select and drag them from the File Manager window. Files belonging to the original session are colored differently to those added to the virtual image.
The directory tree is always recreated, allowing you to remove information from a sesseaved 1 to 8.
Bit set
EOR specifies if the End Of Record (EOR) bit should be set in the sub-header of the last sector of each file that is loaded. This parameter can be specified together with the Trigger parameter.
Trigger specifies if the Triggern...'
'File - Delete CD-Image...'
'File - Close CD-Image...'
'Tools - Disc Info...'
'Tools - Read Track...'
'???'
'???'
'???'
'???'
'File Manager Window'
'Show Detailed File Information'
ion. Therefore, directory names are the same color as newly added files names.
The new session can be appended to the CD-R by using the Write menu. Only the changes will be written to the CD-R disc! Remember: every session on a CD-R disc contains appr
TRACK OVERVIEW
Via this dialog you can add tracks, delete tracks, and select tracks so that the content can be edited.
CURRENT TRACKS AVAILABLE IN THE IMAGE FILE
In this list you are presented an overview of all tracks currently available in the ifor the GEAR system files, the 'GEARDIR=' line is changed accordingly.
SYSTEM.INI file
If you selected Elektroson'sElektroson Adaptec device driver, the following lines are added to the SYSTEM.INI file.
[386Enh]
DEVICE=GEARAHDR.386
GEARAHDR_IOADD
CD-Recorders
This section describes important installation and operational information that is specific to each of the CD-Recorders supported by GEAR.
If an error occurs, an error message is displayed. The error message consists of a description plusoximately 15 Mb of overhead.
Firmware revisions 1.04 and higher allow you to write 'Disc at once' besides 'Track at once'. Also 1.04 revisions allow you to write subcode information to your CD-R disc.
Writing to CD-R
When writing a CD Image (volume) to a CD-R disc, GEAR can use either the virtual volume or the physical volume file(s). When the virtual volume is used, the physical volume is constructed and immediately written to disc. Writing from a physical volume is, in principle, faster than writing from a virtual volume.
If the EstimateBeforeWrite option is enabled GEAR will check the performance of your system first before writing the selected volume to CD-R disc. If the performance is suffice and the default values are explained in in the help index.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DIRECTORIES IN THE VOLUME
In this field you can specify the maximum number of directories that is allowed to exists in the volume.
MAXIMUM DIRECTORY NESTING LEVEL
In tLP_INDEX_CREATEVOLUMETRACK@
HELP_INDEX_FORMATTING>
HELP_INDEX_HARDWAREINSTALLATION8
HELP_INDEX_PREMASTERTAPEWRITING4
HELP_INDEX_SELECTVOLUMETRACK2
HELP_INDEX_SOFTWARE_INSTALLATION0
HELP_INDEX_WHATISGEARR
an additional sense code. Sense codes are described in Appendix E.
If a buffer underrun occurs, GEAR always tries to unload the disc. If GEAR does not succeed in unloading the disc we advise you to eject the disc manually.
JVC XR-W1001
This CD-Recorder can only write at single speed. It can perform a test run. Only the latest firmware (2.10) from JVC supports Multi Session. GEAR only supports this version of firmware. Usually, GEAR will give you the following error message if you have the unsupported firmware:
ERROR: Illegal request for SCSI CD-Recorder. Additional sense code 24 (Hex)
If this happens, contact your dealer to upgrade your CD-Recorder.
The XR-W1001 has a very small internal buffer (64 kb) so a sustained data rate is very important.
Philips CDD521, Kodak PCD200
Both CD-Recorders are terminated internally. Therefore make sure that when you connect your CD-Recorder it is at the end of the SCSI chain and without an external terminator. If you don't want the CD-Recorder at the end of the chain remove the internal terminators! CD-Recorders which are terminated twice can cause problems.
Both CD-Recorders have a comparatively small buffer. If you want to write CD- ROM XA or CD Digital Audio check your system performance carefully. CD-ROM XA and CD Digital Audio images require a data transfer rate which is about 15% faster than ISO!
Older firmware versions (below 2.x) cannot write at single speed or perform a test run; double speed writing is used regardless of the settings. Newer versions support single and double speed writing, and can perform a test run.
All versions support Multi Session.
Philips CDD522, Kodak PCD225
These CD-Recorders can write CD-R discs at single and double speed, support Multi Session and can perform a test run. The internal buffer size is 1 Mb, upgradable to 32 Mb. They are also capable of reading CD Digital Audio tracks via the SCSI bus, and are NOT terminated internally!
These recorders allow you to write 'Disc at once' besides 'Track at once'.
Pioneer DR-R504X
This CD-Recorder can write CD-R discs at single, double and quadruple speed. It supports Multi Session and can perform a test run.
Plasmon RF4100
This CD-Recorder can write CD-R discs at single and double speed, supports Multi Session and can perform a test run. The internal buffersize is 1 Mb, upgradable to 32 Mb. It can NOT read CD Digital Audio tracks via the SCSI bus.
RICOH RS-9200CD
Despite having a large internal buffer (1Mb), this CD-Recorder can only write at single speed. It supports Multi Session and can perform a test run.
Check the DIP switch settings carefully before connecting the CD-Recorder to prevent incorrect termination of the SCSI bus. The RS-9200CD may occasionally have difficulties reading the disc or getting on line. If this happens, switch the it off, wait a while and then switch it back on again. This will usually solve the problem.
At the time of printing, this was the only CD-Recorder supporting Incremental Writing.
SONY CDW-E1/W1, CDW900E
These mage file.
SELECT
Press the Select button to select an existing track for editing. When a track is selected, the previously selected track is optimized; resized to the minimum size that can contain all the information. The newly selected track is assig
RECORDING SETUPO
Via this dialog you can change the recorder specific settings.
RECORDING ENABLED
RECORDING SPEED
DISC FIXATION ENABLED
MULTI SESSION ENABLED
NUMBER OF WRITERS
NUMBER OF COPIES
USE PH SELECTED TRACK INTO
NOTES
PRIMARY VOLUME DESCRIPTORP Via this dialog you can change the information in the Primary Volume Descriptor for the currently selected volume. The default values are contained in the GEAR.INI file.
VOLUME ID
In this field you can specify the volume
HELP_WND_FILEMANAGERS
HELP_WND_GEARMAINT
HELP_WND_STATUS
TOOLBAR
In the toolbar window a set of 'most frequently used' menu items is collected. In order of appearance the buttons in the toolbar reflect the following menu items:
'File - New CD-Image...'
'File - Open CD-Image...'
'File - Append Next Sessiotor. Refer to your text editor manual for further information. Any GEAR for DOS command can be used in the batch file. Refer to Appendix F for a complete list and description of these com mands.
Running a Commanda
This option can be used to execute a single batch command.
1. Selecting the Run Command... option from the Session menu. The window allows you to enter one command with its parameters.
2. Click on OK to confirm the command line.
Any GEAR for DOS command can be used. Refer to Gear commands for a complete list and description of these commands.
Selecting Track Contents
The content of each track is built up by selecting files/directories in the File Manager window and dragging them to the GEAR working window shown under the main menu.
1. Click on the required track and then click on Select. This track is automatically assigned the maximum available space on the virtual volume. The track name is displayed in the GEAR status window.
2. Use File Manager to drag and drop files to the GEAR working window.
Notes
- It is not possible to drag directories to a CD Digital Audio track.
- Data tracks only: the NonISONameHandling option of the Generator Setup window determines how and when non ISO file and directory names are translated.
Setting the Working Directory
Defines the GEAR working directory. This directory will be used as the default working directory when opening and creating a volume.
1. Select the Settings option from the Options menu.
2. Select the Working Directory... option.
GEAR are saved in this directory.
During installation the following files are modified.
WIN.INI file
The following lines are added the WIN.INI file:
[Gear for Windows]
GEARDIR=C:\GEAR
If you selected a directory name other than the default
Software Installationl
This section guides you through the installation of GEAR. We advise you to read it after installation.
Warning
GEAR is delivered on one 3.5" diskette (includes the default GEAR.INI file). Unauthorized copying of the diskette is prohibited except for backup purposes.
Additional copies of GEAR can be ordered. The diskette always contains the following files:
WINGEAR.EXE The GEAR main program
GEAR.IN_ The GEAR initialization file
WINGEAR.HL_ The GEAR help file
SETUP.EXE The setup program
Additional files may be supplied with GEAR; these files are dependent upon the version of GEAR you have.
You need approximately 10 Mb of free space on the hard disk for installation of GEAR. GEAR takes up about 2 Mb of hard disk space after installation.
Important
Before installation:
- Make a backup copy of your GEAR software.
- If you want to use an ASPI or CAM driver install it.
1. Insert the GEAR diskette into your floppy disk drive. Windows must be running before you can run the GEAR SETUP program. Click the File option of the Windows Program Manager and select the Run command.
2. Type 'a:setup' in the Command line box (assuming your floppy disk drive is drive A) and click on OK to confirm; the install program will begin.
A new directory for your GEAR software is created (default 'C:\GEARWIN'). The GEAR system files are copied to this new directory. You will also be asked to specify the GEAR working directory (default 'C:\GEARIMG'). All files generated by
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CD-Recorders do not support Multi Session. Both CD-Recorders have a very large buffer (1-3 Mb). Only the CDW900E can write at double speed. Neither CD-Recorder supports disc reading.
The CDW900E has both a hardware and a software switch for initialising a test run. We advise you to use the software switch. Initialization for writing can last for 1.5 minutes.
The SONY CDW900E is one of the few CD-Recorders which can write subcode information to a CD-R disc.
You can connect up to 16 CDW900E (or 32 CDWE1/W1) CD-Recorders to the same SCSI controller; this allows you link 16 CD-Recorders together and write 16 discs in parallel!
YAMAHA PDS301
The PDS301 does not support Multi session and can not be used for disc reading. It supports single and double speed writing, and can perform a test run.
The PDS301 must always be the last CD-Recorder in the SCSI chain. Connect it to the SCSI bus through SCSI port 2.
You can connect up to 14 PDS301 CD-Recorders to the same SCSI controller; this allows you to link 14 CD-Recorders together and write 14 discs in parallel!
Yamaha advises the use of special TDK discs with the PDS301.
YAMAHA CDR-100
The CDR-100 can write CD-R discs at single, double and quadruple speed. It supports Multi Session and can perform a test run. If you want to use the quadruple speed option make sure you use the special quadruple speed (4x) medium to prevent problems. This is the only medium certified for quadruple speed writing.
It can read CD Digital Audio Tracks via the SCSI b
CD-ROM XAK
The option is used to specify Multi Media Files (MMF) on a CD-ROM XA track. A volume and CD-ROM XA track must first be selected.
Manual Interleave
When Manual Interleave is enabled the you must specify for each copying action the following information.
Data type
Specifies the type of each file that is loaded. Valid types are ADPCMBSN, ADPCMBSE, ADPCMBMN, ADPCMBME, ADPCMCSN, ADPCMCSE, ADPCMCMN, ADPCMCME, VIDEO2048, VIDEO2324 and DATA2048.
ADPCMBSN is valid for ADPCM Audio, level B Stereo, No emphasis.
ADPCMCME is valid for level C Mono with emphasis.
VIDEO2048 is used if each sector contains VIDEO data and ECC/EDC codes.
VIDEO2324 is used if each sector contains VIDEO data.
Channel number
Specifies the channel number for each file that is loaded. This number can range from 0 to 31.
Interleave data factor
Specifies the interleave factor for each file that is loaded. Refer to interleave total factor for an explanation. This number can range from 1 to 16.
Interleave total factor
Specifies the total interleave factor of each file that is loaded. This number, together with the interleave data factor determines the interleaving of each file. Valid combinations for interleave data factor and interleave total factor are: 1 - 4, 1 - 16, 1 - 8, 2 - 4 etc. The combination 2 - 4 means that for each set of 4 sectors the first 2 are occupied by the file. The interleave total factor can range from 1 to 16. ADPCM B Stereo files are interleaved 1 to 4 while ADPCM C Stereo files are interl
MAIN WINDOW STATUS LINE
The main window's status line is used to help you understand the application. It does so by giving you a short explanation about a user interface control you are moving the cursor over. The following gives an exact description ofthe Readtrack option from the Tools menu. The Readtrack window allows you to select a track from the CD-R and enter a file name.
2. Click on OK to confirm. The reading starts. A status report is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
Running a Batch File
Starts executing commands from the given batch file.
A batch file can either be a log file from a (previous) GEAR session or a man ually created batch file. The commands in the batch file are read on a line by line basis. Any line that starts with a semi-colon will be treated as a remark and will be skipped when the batch is run. Lines starting with an unknown command will also be skipped. If parameters are missing or invalid, the software will ask you to insert them again.
1. Selecting the Run Batch... option from the Session menu.
2. The Name of batchfile window opens. Select a batch file to be run. To change the current directory select the relevant directory string from the Directories tree.
3. Click on OK to confirm the batch file name; the batch file starts to run. Lines starting with an unknown command will also be skipped. If parame ters are missing or invalid, the software will ask you to insert them again.
A batch file can be created/edited with any text edi bit should be set in the sub-header of the last sector of each file that is loaded. This parameter can be specified together with the EOR par ameter.
To enable Manual Interleave:
1. Select the XA option from the Options menu.
2. Select the Manual Interleave option.
This option allows you to specify all the options to create your own interleaved files. More information about the use of these parameters for CD-ROM XA applications can be obtained from the CD-ROM XA specification [4].
In general it is easier to use the dedicated CD_ROM XA interleaving tools (like the Mammoth Tool Set) and the GEAR pre-interleaved option for creating these files .
Pre-interleaved
If the Pre-interleaved option is switched on, it is assumed that the specified files are pre-interleaved CD-ROM XA files (sometimes referred to as XA streams). GEAR can not check if a file is pre-interleaved or not, and therefore you can load any file as a pre-interleaved file.
Important
Make sure that the files you are loading with this option are indeed pre-inter leaved files. Non pre-interleaved files loaded with this option as pre-interleaved files are useless on the resulting CD-R disc! A pre-interleaved file must have a 2336 bytes_byte sector size with the sub-header field filled in. This sub-header field is then copied together with the other information to the GEAR administration file. Normally the sub-header field is NOT included in a file and the sub-header information is generated by GEAR.
To enable Pre-interleave:
1. Select the XA option from the Options menu.
2. Select the Pre interleaved option.
CD-R Setup
Defines the setup settings which are used when writing the CD-R disc and/or estimating the performance. The user can specify the following information:
1. Select the Settings option from the Options menu.
2. Select the CD-R... option.
CD-R Writing
You can write the volume to disc by using the CD-R option of the Write menu or the disc icon of the toolbar.
Before writing to CD-R it is advisable to change the CD-R settings first
1. Select the Settings option from the Options menu.
HID_WND_FILEMANAGER
FILE MANAGER WINDOW
Via this window you can add files to the selected track of the current volume.
FIELDS
NOTES
MAIN WINDOW7
Via this dialog you can ...
FIELDS
NOTES
GEAR STATUS
The Status Window indicates what GEAR is currently doing. The nine status fields of the Status Window display useful information about the CD-image you are working on, such as selected volume, selected track within the volume or selected dir
HID_DLG_GEARCOMMAND
EARMAIN_STATUS = 0x008D; // MAIN WINDOW STATUS LINEP
const UI_HELP_CONTEXT HELP_WND_GEARMAIN = 0x0087; // MAIN WINDOWL
const UI_HELP_CONTEXT HELP_WND_STATUS = 0x008F; // GEAR STATUS
Iing.
VERVIEW in the help index.
NOTES
The complete set of Gear commands is divided into the following subsets:
- General commands,
- Formatting commands,
- CD-R commands and
- Premaster tape commands.
in the root directory.
Default value is the empty string.
When a filename is specified (by means of '_' as first character) an extension and/or version number may
be omitted.
DATA PREPARER ID
This field specifies the identification of the person or other entity which controls the preparation of the data
to be recorded on the volume. If the first character is a '_' the rest of the field shall specify an identifier for a file containing the data preparer identification. This file has to be loaded in the root directory.
Default value is the empty string.
APPLICATION ID
This field specifies the identification of the specification of how the data is recorded on the volume set of which this volume is a member. If the first character is a '_' , the rest of the field shall specify an identifier for a file containing the application identification. This file has to be
loaded in the root directory.
Default value is the empty string.
COPYRIGHT FILE ID
This field specifies the identification for a file loaded in the root directory and containing a copyright
statement for the volume set.
Default value is the empty string.
ABSTRACT FILE ID
This field specifies the identification for a file loaded in the root directory and containing an abstract
statement for the volume set.
Default value is the empty string.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC FILE ID
This field specifies the identification for a file loaded in the root directory and containing bibliographic
records interpreted according to standards that are the subject of an agreement between the originator and
the recipient of the volume.
Default value is the empty string.
VOLUME SETTINGS...
When pressing this button the VOLUME SETUP dialog will appear.
Press this button to activate the spealid for the currently selected volume only, whereas the GEAR.INI file values are always used as the default for each new volume.
The default value is an empty string.
SYSTEM ID
In this field you can specify the identification of the system.
The default value is an empty string.
PUBLISHER ID
In this field you can specify the identification of the person(s) who specified help window will be opened in which you can view information on the selected topic.
ged by pressing the Down resp. Up buttons on either side of the slot number field.
The slot's activity can be load disc from slot to mail box or vice versa.
The slot's status is always empty or loaded.
UNITS
In this group you can specify a juke box's unit as well as the activity concerning this unit.
The unit can be determined by pressing the Previous resp. Next button on either side of the unit's icon display. We ... three types of units, i.e. the CD-Recorder, the CD-ROM drives and the gripper.
The unit's activity can be load disc from unit to mail box or vice versa.
The unit's status is always empty or loaded.
Press the OK button to finalize the specified activity.
s field you can enter the title the CD-R disc should get when actually writing it.
Press the OK button to activate the specified mastering information.
CANCEL
Press the Cancel button to quit changing the mastering information.
e type of files you want to be displayed in the file list.
Browse to the desired directory
In the DIRECTORIES field you can browse to the directory of your choice. Use a double left mouse button click to expand a branch of the displayed directory tree. When double clicking a directory the contents of this, newly selected, directory are displayed in the file list.
Type the desired image file name
Type the name of the image file, that you want to be created in the working directory.
of the type of files you want to be displayed in the file list.
Browse to the desired directory
In the DIRECTORIES field you can browse to the directory of your choice. Use a double left mouse button click to expand a branch of the displayed directory e menu. If the physical volume does not exist, you are then asked if the virtual volume should be used for writing to CD-R; if you select No, writing is aborted. During CD-R writing a status report is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
Writing to a Premaster Tape
Use this option to write a volume to (premaster) tape. The tape is written in ANSI (X3.27-1987) format. GEAR can use either the virtual volume or the physical volume file(s). When the virtual volume is selected, the physical volume is constructed and immediately written to tape.
The premaster tape can be sent to a replication company for mastering_mastering and replication. If VerifyAfterWrite is enabled GEAR verifies the contents of the tape with the volume after writing to premaster tape.
The software supports most tape units providing that they use a SCSI interface (e.g. EXABYTE, DAT, M4 9track). The preferred configuration is the Adaptec 1540 or 1542 interface card with an EXABYTE tape unit, a Hewlett Packard DAT unit (HP35470A) or an M4 9track unit.
The following files are created after an image has been written to tape: TP_IDENT.TXT, TPRESULT.TXT, DDPID, DDPMS and PQDESCR. The TP_IDENT.TXT file contains the TOC (Table of Contents) of the image written to tape plus some customer information. The DDPID, DDPMS and PQDESCR files together form the DDP information of the last image written to tape. These files can be written to tape:
Writing DDP Files to Premaster Tape.
1. Click on the Settings option in the Options menu.
2. Click on Tape.... The Tape Setup window opens.
3. To enable writing of the DDP information to the tape click on the Write DDP files to tape option.
The customer information is read from the GEAR.INI file (refer to Generic_Information). The TP_IDENT.TXT file contains status information. It can be sent along with the premaster tape to the mastering company or can be written to tape:
Writing the TP_IDENT.TXT File to Premaster Tape.
1. Click on the Settings option in the Options menu.
2. Click on Tape... . The Tape Setup window opens.
3. To enable writing of the TP_IDENT.TXT file to the tape click on the Write TP_IDENT.TXT file to tape option.
Writing to Premaster Tape
1. Open the virtual volume you want to write to premaster tape (refer to Locating and Opening an Existing Volume)
2. Click on Premaster Tape in the Write menu. You are then instructed how to set up the tape unit for recording. When the unit is ready click on OK to confirm writing. During writing a status report is displayed in the GEAR Status window.
USING GEAR HELP
There are two ways in which Gear provides help.
The first way is by so called 'context sensitive help'. This means, that when you press the <F1>-key in any context Gear pops up a window with help information about this context.
The second way is by means of a help index. You can get to this help index by selecting the menu entry 'Help - Index'. When doing so a list of all kind of topics comes up from which you can choose one.
NG GEAR HELP
field shall specify an identifier for a file containing the data preparer identification. This file has to be loaded in the root directory.
The default value is an empty string.
APPLICATION ID
In this field you can specify the identification of the specification of how the data is recorded on the volume set of which this volume is a member. If the first character is a '_' , the rest of the field shall specify an identifier for a file containing the application identification. This file has to be
loaded in the root directory.
The default value is an empty string.
COPYRIGHT FILE ID
In this field you can specify the identification for a file loaded in the root directory and containing a copyright statement for the volume set.
The default value is an empty string.
ABSTRACT FILE ID
In this field you can specify the identification for a file loaded in the root directory and containing an abstract
statement for the volume set.
The default value is an empty string.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC FILE ID
In this field you can specify the identification for a file loaded in the root directory and containing bibliographic records interpreted according to standards that are the subject of an agreement between the originator and the recipient of the volume.
The default value is an empty string.
NOTES
The changes you make here affect the currently selected volume only.
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