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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../libs/global.ent"> <!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd."> <!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project"> <!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>"> <!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide"> <!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Jaunty Jackalope"> <!ENTITY distro-rev "9.04"> <!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2009"> <!ENTITY distro-short-codename "jaunty"> <!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope"> <!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.27"> <!ENTITY gcc-version "4.3.1"> <!ENTITY glibc-version "2.8"> <!ENTITY python-version "2.5"> <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml"> <!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../libs/C/legalnotice.xml"> <!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/"> <!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/"> <!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en"> <!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com"> <!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com"> <!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode"> <!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com"> <!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu"> <!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu"> <!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu"> <!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu"> <!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages 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connecttoserver "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Connect to Server...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY computer-janitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System Janitor</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Visual Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-preferences 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"<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY scribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY serpentine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & 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Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY soundjuicer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Audio CD Extractor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY supertux "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>SuperTux</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY shutdown "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Shut Down...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY synaptic "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY system-monitor 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'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'"> <!ENTITY language "en"> ]> <article id="keeping-safe" status="review" lang="bg"> <articleinfo> <title>–ó–∞—â–∏—Ç–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä</title> <legalnotice id="legal"> <title>–ó–∞—Å–ª—É–≥–∏ –∏ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑</title> <para>–¢–æ–∑–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç —Å–µ –ø–æ–¥–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞ –æ—Ç –µ–∫–∏–ø–∞ –∑–∞ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞ Ubuntu (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). –°–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫—ä—Ç —Å —É—á–∞—Ç–Ω–∏—Ü–∏—Ç–µ –≤ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –µ–∫–∏–ø –≤–∏–∂—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ <ulink url="../../libs/C/contributors.xml">contributors page</ulink></para> <para>–¢–æ–∑–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç –µ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–µ–Ω –ø–æ–¥ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∞ Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 (CC-BY-SA).</para> <para>–ò–º–∞—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ—Ç–æ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç–µ, —Ä–∞–∑—à–∏—Ä—è–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±—Ä—è–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏–∑—Ö–æ–¥–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ–¥ –Ω–∞ Ubuntu –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è—Ç–∞ –ø—Ä–∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—è—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑. –í—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–Ω–∏ —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø–æ–¥ —Å–∏–ª–∞—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑.</para> <para>–¢–æ–∑–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç —Å–µ —Ä–∞–∑–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞ —Å –Ω–∞–¥–µ–∂–¥–∞—Ç–∞, —á–µ —â–µ –±—ä–¥–µ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–µ–Ω, –Ω–æ –ë–ï–ó –ù–ò–ö–ê–ö–í–ê –ì–ê–†–ê–ù–¶–ò–Ø; –¥–æ—Ä–∏ –±–µ–∑ –∫–æ—Å–≤–µ–Ω–∞ –≥–∞—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –ì–û–î–ù–û–°–¢ –ó–ê –ü–†–û–î–ê–ñ–ë–ê –∏–ª–∏ –ü–†–ò–ì–û–î–ù–û–°–¢ –ó–ê –£–ü–û–¢–†–ï–ë–ê –° –û–ü–†–ï–î–ï–õ–ï–ù–ê –¶–ï–õ, –ö–ê–ö–¢–û –ï –û–ü–ò–°–ê–ù–û –í –†–ê–ó–î–ï–õ–ê –û–¢–ö–ê–ó–í–ê–ù–ï –û–¢ –ü–†–ê–í–ê.</para> <para>–ö–æ–ø–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Ç—É–∫: <ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para> </legalnotice> <copyright> <year>2008</year> <holder>Canonical Ltd. –∏ —á–ª–µ–Ω–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc">–ü—Ä–æ–µ–∫—Ç—ä—Ç –∑–∞ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞ Ubuntu</ulink></holder> </copyright> <publisher> <publishername>–ü—Ä–æ–∫–µ—Ç—ä—Ç –∑–∞ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞ Ubuntu</publishername> </publisher> </articleinfo> <para>–¢–∞–∑–∏ –≥–ª–∞–≤–∞ –æ–ø–∏—Å–≤–∞ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ —Å–∏ –æ—Ç –∑–ª–æ–≤—Ä–¥–µ–Ω–∏ –∞—Ç–∞–∫–∏.</para> <sect1 id="passwords" status="new"> <title>–ü–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∏</title> <para>–ü–∞–∑–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∞ –Ω–∞ –±–µ–∑–æ–ø–∞—Å–Ω–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ. –ê–∫–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —è –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ, –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –≥–æ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ <application>–ó–∞ –º–µ–Ω</application> (<menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏—è</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ó–∞ –º–µ–Ω</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–°–º—è–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∞—Ç–∞</guibutton>.</para> <para>–í—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –µ –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ –≤–ª–∏–∑–∞–Ω–µ –≤ Ubuntu.</para> <warning> <para>–ê–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ—Ç–æ –≤–ª–∏–∑–∞–Ω–µ –≤ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∞ –Ω–µ —Å–µ —Ç–æ–ª–µ—Ä–∏—Ä–∞, –∑–∞—â–æ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞–º–∞–ª—è–≤–∞ —Å–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞. –°—ä—â–æ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤ –ø—Ä–æ–∑–æ—Ä–µ—Ü–∞ "–ï–∫—Ä–∞–Ω –∑–∞ –≤–ª–∏–∑–∞–Ω–µ", –∑–∞—â–æ—Ç–æ –∏–º–∞ –æ–ø—Ü–∏–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –ø–æ–ø—Ä–µ—á–∞—Ç –Ω–∞ Ubuntu, –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –≤–ª–∏–∑–∞ –≤ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–∞ –æ—Ç–∏–¥–µ –≤ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –Ω–∞ –∏–∑—á–∞–∫–≤–∞–Ω–µ.</para> </warning> <orderedlist> <listitem><para>–û—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ï–∫—Ä–∞–Ω –∑–∞ –∏–¥–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ñ–∏—Ü–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–©–µ –±—ä–¥–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ø–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏ –∑–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∞.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–°–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω–æ—Å—Ç</guilabel>.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–û—Ç–±–µ–ª–µ–∂–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–í–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ –≤–ª–∏–∑–∞–Ω–µ</guilabel>.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–ü–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª</guilabel> –æ—Ç –ø–∞–¥–∞—â–æ—Ç–æ –º–µ–Ω—é.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ó–∞—Ç–≤–∞—Ä—è–Ω–µ</guibutton>.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ü—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —â–µ —Å–µ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–∏ —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ.</para></listitem> </orderedlist> </sect1> <sect1 id="users" status="review"> <title>–ù–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ—Ç–µ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª–Ω–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª—Å–∫–∞ —Ä–µ–≥–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –≤—Å–µ–∫–∏</title> <para>–ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ Ubuntu –µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–Ω, —Ç–æ–π –µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω –∑–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —Å –µ–¥–∏–Ω —á–æ–≤–µ–∫. –ê–∫–æ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –æ—Ç –µ–¥–∏–Ω —á–æ–≤–µ–∫ —â–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, –Ω–∞–π-–¥–æ–±—Ä–µ –µ –≤—Å–µ–∫–∏ —á–æ–≤–µ–∫ –¥–∞ –∏–º–∞ —Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª—Å–∫–∏ –∞–∫–∞—É–Ω—Ç. –ü–æ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω —Ç–µ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –∏–º–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏, –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏ –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ. –ê–∫–æ –µ –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ, —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ —Å—ä—â–æ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–µ–Ω–∏ –æ—Ç –ø—Ä–µ–≥–ª–µ–¥ –∏–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–º—è–Ω–∞ –æ—Ç –Ω–µ –∞–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∏.</para> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª—Å–∫–∏ –∞–∫–∞—É–Ω—Ç–∏, –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ü–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –∏ –≥—Ä—É–ø–∏</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. –¢—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">–∞–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä</ulink>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ —Ç–æ–≤–∞.</para> <para>–í–∏–∂—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:users-admin">—Ä—ä–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∑–∞ –ò–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç –Ω–∞ –∞–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏</ulink> –∑–∞ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –ø—Ä–∏ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª—Å–∫–∏ –∞–∫–∞—É–Ω—Ç–∏.</para> </sect1> <sect1 id="updates" status="review"> <title>–û–±–Ω–æ–≤—è–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è —Å–æ—Ñ—Ç—É–µ—Ä</title> <para>–†–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏—Ü–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ Ubuntu —á–µ—Å—Ç–æ –∏–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞—Ç –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –∑–∞ Ubuntu. –¢–µ–∑–∏ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±—Ä—è—Ç –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–∞—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–∞ –ø–æ–ø—Ä–∞–≤—è—Ç –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∏.</para> <para>–ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —Å–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–∏ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∏–∫–æ–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ –∑–∞ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ —Å–µ (–æ—Ä–∞–Ω–∂–µ–≤–∞ –∑–≤–µ–∑–¥–∞) –ø–æ—è–≤—è–≤–∞ –Ω–∞ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∞, –æ–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ –≤ –≥–æ—Ä–Ω–∏—è –¥–µ—Å–µ–Ω —ä–≥—ä–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞. –ó–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è, —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:administrative">–∞–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä</ulink> –∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ —Å–≤—ä—Ä–∑–∞–Ω —Å –ò–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –∏–∫–æ–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ –∏ –≤—ä–≤–µ–¥–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∞.</para> </step> <step> <para>–í –ø—Ä–æ–∑–æ—Ä–µ—Ü–∞ –Ω–∞ "–ú–µ–Ω–∏–¥–∂—ä—Ä –Ω–∞ –∞–∫—Ç—É–∞–ª–∏–∑–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ", –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ò–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∞–∫—Ç—É–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏</guibutton>.</para> </step> </procedure> <para>–ê–∫–æ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞—Ç –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è, –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –æ—Ç–Ω–µ–º–µ –º–∞–ª–∫–æ –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ.</para> <para>–ê–∫–æ —Å–µ –ø–æ—è–≤—è—Ç —á–∏—Ñ—Ç —Å–∏–Ω–∏ —Å—Ç—Ä–µ–ª–∫–∏ –≤ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∞, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –∑–∞–≤—ä—Ä—à–∏, —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–≤—ä—Ä—à–∏ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ.</para> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Ä—ä—á–Ω–æ –∑–∞ –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–î–∏—Å–ø–µ—á–µ—Ä –Ω–∞ –∞–∫—Ç—É–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏—Ç–µ</guimenuitem></menuchoice> –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ü—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∫–∞</guibutton>.</para> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–ª–∫–æ —á–µ—Å—Ç–æ Ubuntu –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—è–≤–∞ –∑–∞ –∞–∫—Ç—É–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–¥–∞–¥–µ—Ç–µ –∫–æ–ª–∫–æ —á–µ—Å—Ç–æ –∑–∞ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –∏–∑—Ç–µ–≥–ª—è –æ–±–Ω–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è, –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ò–∑—Ç–æ—á–Ω–∏—Ü–∏ –Ω–∞ —Å–æ—Ñ—Ç—É–µ—Ä</guimenuitem></menuchoice> –∏ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ <guilabel>–ê–∫—Ç—É–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏</guilabel>.</para> </sect1> <sect1 id="lock-screen" status="review"> <title>–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω, –¥–æ–∫–∞—Ç–æ –≤–∏ –Ω—è–º–∞</title> <para>–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ—á–∏ –Ω–∞ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏ —Ö–æ—Ä–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –¥–æ–∫–∞—Ç–æ –≤–∏ –Ω—è–º–∞. –í—Å–∏—á–∫–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏ –∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∞ –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∞, –¥–æ–∫–∞—Ç–æ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –µ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω –∏ —Å–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑–≤–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞.</para> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω –ø–æ –µ–¥–∏–Ω –æ—Ç —Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∏:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <keycombo><keycap>Control</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>L</keycap></keycombo>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞. –¢–∞–∑–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à–Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–±–∏–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∞ –≤ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏—è</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ö–ª–∞–≤–∏—à–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–º–±–∏–Ω–∞—Ü–∏–∏</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <note><para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –ª–µ—Å–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –¥–æ–±–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω <guibutton>–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞</guibutton> –≤ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª. –ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –¥–µ—Å–Ω–∏—è –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –≤—ä—Ä—Ö—É –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª (–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä–Ω–æ –≤ –≥–æ—Ä–Ω–∏—è –¥–µ—Å–µ–Ω —ä–≥—ä–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞), –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–î–æ–±–∞–≤—è–Ω–µ –∫—ä–º –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∞...</guibutton> –∏ –∏–∑–¥—ä—Ä–ø–∞–π—Ç–µ –µ–ª–µ–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ <guibutton>–ó–∞–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞</guibutton> –Ω–∞ –∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–æ—Ç–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ.</para></note> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞, —Ä–∞–∑–¥–≤–∏–∂–µ—Ç–µ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –Ω—è–∫–æ–π –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à. –ü–æ—Å–ª–µ –Ω–∞–ø–∏—à–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∞ –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –∏–ª–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à–∞ <keycap>Enter</keycap> –∏–ª–∏ –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω–∞ <guibutton>–û—Ç–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guibutton>.</para> <para>–ê–∫–æ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –æ—Ç –µ–¥–∏–Ω —á–æ–≤–µ–∫ –∏–º–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª—Å–∫–∏ –∞–∫–∞—É–Ω—Ç –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –∏ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –µ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω, –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–∞—Ç –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω–∞ <guibutton>–°–º—è–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª...</guibutton>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, –¥–æ—Ä–∏ –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –µ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω. –¢–µ –Ω—è–º–∞ –¥–∞ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –≤–∏–¥—è—Ç –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ —Ç–µ–∫—É—â–æ –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ –∏ —â–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –≤—ä—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –≤—ä–≤ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –∑–∞–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∞ —Å–µ—Å–∏—è, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —Ç–µ —Å–≤—ä—Ä—à–∞—Ç —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏ —Å –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞.</para> </sect1> <sect1 id="firewall" status="review"> <title>–ò–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∞ —Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∞</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∞ —Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∞, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –æ—Ç –Ω–µ—É–ø—ä–ª–Ω–æ–º–æ—â–µ–Ω –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø –æ—Ç —Ö–æ—Ä–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–∑ –ò–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç –∏–ª–∏ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –º—Ä–µ–∂–∞. –ó–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∏ –±–ª–æ–∫–∏—Ä–∞—Ç –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∏ –∫—ä–º –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –æ—Ç –Ω–µ–∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–∏ –∏–∑—Ç–æ—á–Ω–∏—Ü–∏, –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ –ø–æ–º–∞–≥–∞ –∑–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–±–∏–≤–∏ –≤ —Å–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—Ç–∞.</para> <procedure> <step> <para><ulink url="apt:firestarter">–ò–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∞ <application>firestarter</application></ulink> –æ—Ç —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∏—â–µ—Ç–æ <quote>Universe</quote>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ <application>Firestarter</application>, –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Firestarter</guimenuitem></menuchoice> –∏ –≤—ä–≤–µ–¥–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –∞–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∞—Ç–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∞ –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∞.</para> </step> <step> <para>–¢—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø—ä–ª–Ω–∏ <application>Firewall Wizard</application>. –ê–∫–æ –Ω–µ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø—ä–ª–Ω–∏, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>Firewall</guimenu><guimenuitem>Run Wizard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–°–ª–µ–¥–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —Å—Ç—ä–ø–∫–∏—Ç–µ –≤ <application>Firewall Wizard</application>. –°–ª–µ–¥ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –∑–∞–≤—ä—Ä—à–∏—Ç–µ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ —Å—Ç—ä–ø–∫–∏, –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ —Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∞ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –∏ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø—ä–ª–Ω—è–≤–∞.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞–ª–∏ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∞ —Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ, –≤—ä–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ —Å–µ –æ—Ç –æ–Ω–ª–∞–π–Ω —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞—â–∞ —É—Å–ª—É–≥–∞ –∑–∞ –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∏ —Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∏ –∫–∞—Ç–æ <ulink url="http://www.grc.com/">ShieldsUP</ulink>.</para> </step> </procedure> <para>–ó–∞ –ø–æ–º–æ—â –∏ —Å—ä–≤–µ—Ç –∑–∞ —Ä–∞–∑—à–∏—Ä–µ–Ω–æ –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ <application>Firestarter</application>, –≤–∏–∂—Ç–µ <ulink url="http://www.fs-security.com/docs.php">–û–Ω–ª–∞–π–Ω —Ä—ä–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –Ω–∞ Firestarter</ulink>.</para> <para>–ü–æ-–Ω–∞–ø—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∞–ª–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ —Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∞ UFW firewall, –∫–æ—è—Ç–æ —Å–µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞ –ø–æ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–∞–∑–±–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ. –í–∏–∂—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="man:ufw">—Ä—ä–∫–æ–≤–æ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –Ω–∞ UFW</ulink> –∑–∞ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è.</para> </sect1> <sect1 id="avoid-internet-crime" status="review"> <title>–ò–∑–±—è–≥–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∏ –ø—Ä–µ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤ –ò–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–Ω–µ—Ç</title> <para>–û—Ç –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ –Ω–∞ –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ, –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –≤–∏ –±—ä–¥–µ –∏–∑–ø—Ä–∞—Ç–µ–Ω –∏–º–µ–π–ª, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ —Å—ä–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞ –≤–∏—Ä—É—Å –∏–ª–∏ –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∏ –∫—ä–º –∏–∑–º–∞–º–Ω–∏ —É–µ–± —Å–∞–π—Ç–æ–≤–µ. –¢–æ–∑–∏ —Ç–∏–ø –∏–º–µ–π–ª–∏ —Å–µ —Å—Ä–µ—â–∞—Ç —á–µ—Å—Ç–æ –∏ –≤–∞–∂–Ω–æ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –Ω–∞—É—á–∏—Ç–µ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ —Å–µ —Å–ø—Ä–∞–≤—è—Ç–µ —Å —Ç—è—Ö, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –ø–æ–ø—Ä–µ—á–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –∫—Ä–∞–∂–±–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –∑–ª–æ—É–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∞ —Å –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –∏–ª–∏ –ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏.</para> <para>–¢–∞–∫–∏–≤–∞ —Å—ä–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏—è —á–µ—Å—Ç–æ —Å–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∞–≤–∞—Ç –æ—Ç –Ω–∞–ø—ä–ª–Ω–æ –Ω–µ–ø–æ–∑–Ω–∞—Ç–∏. –ü–æ–Ω—è–∫–æ–≥–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –ø–æ—è–≤–∏ –∏–º–µ–π–ª, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ –µ –æ—Ç –Ω—è–∫–æ–π –ø–æ–∑–Ω–∞—Ç, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–µ –µ. –¢–æ–≤–∞ –µ —Ç–∞–∫–∞, –∑–∞—â–æ—Ç–æ –µ –≤—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –≤—ä–≤–µ–¥–µ —Ñ–∞–ª—à–∏–≤ –∏–∑–ø—Ä–∞—â–∞—á –Ω–∞ –∏–º–µ–π–ª.</para> <para>–ù–µ–∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–µ (–Ω–µ–ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞–Ω–∏) –º–µ–π–ª —Å—ä–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏—è –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –ø–æ–ø–∞–¥–Ω–∞—Ç –≤ –µ–¥–Ω–∞ –æ—Ç –Ω—è–∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –∫–∞—Ç–µ–≥–æ—Ä–∏–∏:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>–°–ø–∞–º (–Ω–µ–∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∞ –ø–æ—â–∞) –∏–º–µ–π–ª, –≤ –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ —Ö–æ—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–∞–≥–∞—Ç –Ω–µ–∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∏ —É—Å–ª—É–≥–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–¥—É–∫—Ç–∏</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ò–∑–º–∞–º–Ω–∏ –∏–º–µ–π–ª–∏, –≤ –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ —Ö–æ—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–µ –ø—Ä–µ—Å—Ç—Ä—É–≤–∞—Ç, —á–µ –∏–º–∞—Ç –Ω—É–∂–¥–∞ –æ—Ç –ø–æ–º–æ—â –≤ –∑–∞–º—è–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞ –≥–æ–ª–µ–º–∏ —Å—É–º–∏ –ø–∞—Ä–∏</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–§–∏—à–∏–Ω–≥ –∏–º–µ–π–ª, –≤ –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ —Å—ä–æ–±—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ—Ç–æ —Å–µ –ø–æ—è–≤—è–≤–∞ –æ—Ç –±–∞–Ω–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∞ –æ–Ω–ª–∞–π–Ω —É—Å–ª—É–≥–∞, –∏—Å–∫–∞–π–∫–∏ –æ—Ç –≤–∞—Å –¥–∞ –≤—ä–≤–µ–¥–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ –ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ –∏ —Ñ–∏–Ω–∞–Ω—Å–æ–≤–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∏.</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–û—Ç–¥–æ–ª—É –∏–º–∞ –Ω—è–∫–æ–ª–∫–æ —Å—ä–≤–µ—Ç–∞ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —Å—Ç–µ –æ–Ω–ª–∞–π–Ω:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>–ù–µ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Ç–≥–æ–≤–∞—Ä—è—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ–ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞–Ω–∏ –ø–∏—Å–º–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–æ—Ä–∏ –¥–∞ —â—Ä–∞–∫–≤–∞—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∏ –≤ –ø–∏—Å–º–æ—Ç–æ. –©—Ä–∞–∫–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –æ–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ –≤–æ–¥–∏ –¥–æ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –æ—â–µ –Ω–µ–∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∞ –ø–æ—â–∞.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ù–∏–∫–æ–≥–∞ –Ω–µ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–∫–∞–π—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ –∏–º–µ–π–ª–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –≤–æ–¥—è—Ç –¥–æ —É–µ–± —Å–∞–π—Ç–æ–≤–µ –∏–∑–∏—Å–∫–≤–∞—â–∏ –æ—Ç –≤–∞—Å –ø–∞—Ä–æ–ª–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–µ—â–æ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±–Ω–æ. –í—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –µ –∑–∞ —Ç–µ–∫—Å—Ç–æ–≤–∞—Ç–∞ –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ –¥–∞–¥–µ–Ω –µ–¥–∏–Ω –∞–¥—Ä–µ—Å, –Ω–æ –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —è –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∂–µ –¥—Ä—É–≥ (–≤—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–∞ –æ–ø–∞—Å–Ω–æ—Å—Ç) –∞–¥—Ä–µ—Å. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ —Ç–æ–≤–∞ –Ω–∞–ø–∏—à–µ—Ç–µ –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –≤—ä–≤ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –±—Ä–∞—É–∑—ä—Ä —Ä—ä—á–Ω–æ –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–¥—ä–ª–∂–µ—Ç–µ –æ—Ç —Ç—É–∫ –Ω–∞—Ç–∞—Ç—ä–∫.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ê–∫–æ —É–µ–± —Å–∞–π—Ç –ø–æ–∏—Å–∫–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∏–Ω–∞–Ω—Å–æ–≤–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏, —É–≤–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Å–µ, —á–µ –µ –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–µ–Ω. –í—ä–≤ <application>Firefox Web browser</application>, –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Å–∞–π—Ç–æ–≤–µ –∏–º–∞—Ç <emphasis>–∂—ä–ª—Ç–∞</emphasis> –∞–¥—Ä–µ—Å–Ω–∞ –ª–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ —Å –∏–∫–æ–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞ –∫–∞—Ç–∏–Ω–∞—Ä –≤ –¥–µ—Å–Ω–∏—è –∫—Ä–∞–π –Ω–∞ –∞–¥—Ä–µ—Å–∞. –ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –∫–∞—Ç–∏–Ω–∞—Ä–∞, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—á–µ—Ç–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–∞—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ —É–µ–± —Å–∞–π—Ç–∞.</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ò–∑—Ç–µ–≥–ª—è–π—Ç–µ –∏ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–π—Ç–µ —Å–æ—Ñ—Ç—É–µ—Ä —Å–∞–º–æ –æ—Ç –∏–∑—Ç–æ—á–Ω–∏—Ü–∏, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –∏–º–∞—Ç–µ –¥–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏–µ. –ü–æ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–∞–∑–±–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑—Ç–µ–≥–ª—è—Ç–µ —Å–æ—Ñ—Ç—É–µ—Ä —Å–∞–º–æ –æ—Ç Ubuntu.</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect1> <sect1 id="backup-files" status="review"> <title>–ù–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ</title> <para>–ü—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Å—Ä–µ—â–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –µ –Ω–µ–æ—á–∞–∫–≤–∞–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ –∑–∞–≥—É–±–∞ –Ω–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏ –Ω–∞ —á–∞—Å—Ç –æ—Ç –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ –∏ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –ø–æ—Ä–∞–¥–∏ –µ–¥–Ω–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞. –ü—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –∑–∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∞–≤–∞ <emphasis>–∑–∞–≥—É–±–∞ –Ω–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏</emphasis> —Å–∞ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∏ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏; –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –µ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–æ –æ—Ç —Ç–æ–∫–æ–≤ —É–¥–∞—Ä –¥–æ —Å–ª—É—á–∞–π–Ω–æ –∏–∑—Ç—Ä–∏—Ç–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ. –°–∏–ª–Ω–æ –≤–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–ø–æ—Ä—ä—á–≤–∞–º–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–¥–æ–≤–Ω–æ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∞–∂–Ω–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ, —Ç–∞–∫–∞ —á–µ –∞–∫–æ —Å—Ä–µ—â–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º, –Ω—è–º–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—Ç–µ –∏–∑–≥—É–±–∏–ª–∏ —Ç–µ–∑–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ.</para> <para>–£–º–Ω–æ –µ –¥–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è –Ω–∞ –¥—Ä—É–≥ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä; —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –≤—ä–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –æ—Ç —Å–∫–ª–∞–¥, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ –Ω–µ –µ –ø–æ—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–Ω–æ –∑–∞–∫–∞—á–µ–Ω –∫—ä–º –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä. –í—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–∏ –≤–∞—Ä–∏–∞–Ω—Ç–∏:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>–ó–∞–ø–∏—Å–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ CD –∏ DVD</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–í—ä–Ω—à–Ω–∏ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥–∏ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–µ –∏ —Ñ–ª–∞—à –ø–∞–º–µ—Ç–∏</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–î—Ä—É–≥ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –≤ –º—Ä–µ–∂–∞—Ç–∞</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–õ–µ—Å–µ–Ω –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω –∑–∞ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–æ –∫–æ–ø–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ –µ —Ä—ä—á–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –≥–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –±–µ–∑–æ–ø–∞—Å–Ω–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ (–≤–∏–∂—Ç–µ –≥–æ—Ä–µ) –∫–∞—Ç–æ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ <application>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤ –±—Ä–∞—É–∑—ä—Ä</application>.</para> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–º–∞—Ç–µ –¥–æ–ø—Ä–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∞ –∑–∞ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è –∫–∞—Ç–æ <application>HUBackup</application>:</para> <procedure> <step> <para><ulink url="apt:hubackup">–ò–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∞ <application>hubackup</application></ulink> –æ—Ç —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∏—â–µ—Ç–æ <quote>Universe</quote>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–æ –∫–æ–ø–∏–µ, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–æ –∫–æ–ø–∏–µ –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ—Ç–æ, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –≥–æ –∑–∞–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ. –ê–∫–æ –∏–º–∞—Ç–µ CD –∏–ª–∏ DVD –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–≤–∞—á–∫–∞, —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ –≤ —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫–∞.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>Backup</guibutton> –∏ —Å–ª–µ–¥–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞.</para> </step> </procedure> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –≤—ä–∑—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–æ –∫–æ–ø–∏–µ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–æ —Å <application>HUBackup</application>, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice> –∏ —Å–ª–µ–¥–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞.</para> <para>–î–æ–±—Ä–∏ —Å—ä–≤–µ—Ç–∏ –∑–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>–ß–µ—Å—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–í–∏–Ω–∞–≥–∏ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—Ç–µ —Å–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω–∏, —á–µ —Å–∞ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–æ</para></listitem> <listitem><para>–ò–º–µ–Ω—É–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è –¥–æ–±—Ä–µ –∏ –≥–∏ –ø–∞–∑–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Å–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect1> </article>