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The <application>System Monitor</application> application enables you to display basic system information and monitor system processes, usage of system resources, and file systems. You can also use <application>System Monitor</application> to modify the behavior of your system.
Shows active processes, and how processes are related to each other. Provides detailed information about individual processes, and enables you to control active processes.
Contains a <guilabel>CPU History</guilabel> graph, a <guilabel>Memory and Swap History</guilabel> graph, and a <guilabel>Network History</guilabel> graph.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<guilabel>ਫਾਇਲ ਸਿਸਟਮ</guilabel>
</para>
<para>
Contains a table of currently mounted file systems.
To display the process list, select the <guilabel>Processes</guilabel> tab.
</para>
<para>
In the <guilabel>Processes</guilabel> tab, the processes are organized as a table. The rows of the table display information about the processes. The columns represent information fields for the processes, such as the name of the user who owns the process, the amount of memory currently being used by the process, and so on. From left to right, the <guilabel>Processes</guilabel> tab displays the following columns by default:
A parent process is a process that spawns another process. The spawned process is a child process of the original parent process. By default, <application>System Monitor</application> does not show process dependencies. For information about how to change the default display behavior, see <xref linkend="gnome-system-monitor-modify-processlist-viewdeps"/>.
Processes run in order of priority: high-priority processes run before low-priority processes. Child processes generally inherit their priority from their parent process.
</para>
<para>
The priority of a process is set by the nice value of the process, as follows:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
A nice value of 0 means that the process has normal priority.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The higher the nice value, the lower the priority.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The lower the nice value, the higher the priority.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
For information about how to change the priority of a process, see <xref linkend="gnome-system-monitor-change-priority"/>.
Select the <guilabel>Processes</guilabel> tab to display the process list.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
By default, the processes are listed by name, in alphabetical order. To list the processes in reverse alphabetical order, click on the <guilabel>Process Name</guilabel> column header.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on any column header to sort the processes by the information in that column, in alphabetical or numerical order.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click again on the column header to sort the data in reverse alphabetical or reverse numerical order.
If the <guimenuitem>Dependencies</guimenuitem> menu item is selected, the processes are listed as follows:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Parent processes are indicated by a triangle symbol to the left of the process name. Click on the triangle symbol to show or hide the associated child processes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Child processes are indented, and listed with their parent process.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
If the <guimenuitem>Dependencies</guimenuitem> menu item is not selected:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Parent processes and child processes are not distinguishable.
The <guilabel>Memory Maps</guilabel> dialog displays the information in tabular format. The name of the process is displayed above the memory-map table. From left to right, the <guilabel>Memory Maps</guilabel> dialog displays the following columns:
The location of a shared library that is currently used by the process. If this field is blank, the memory information in this row describes memory that is owned by the process whose name is displayed above the memory-map table.
The major and minor device numbers of the device on which the shared library filename is located.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Inode</guilabel></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The inode on the device from which the shared library location is loaded into memory.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
Click on any column header to sort the data by the information in that column, in alphabetical or numerical order. Click again on the column header to sort the data in reverse alphabetical or reverse numerical order.
</para>
<para>
Click <guibutton>Close</guibutton> to close the <guilabel>Memory Maps</guilabel> dialog.
To change the priority of a process, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Select the <guilabel>Processes</guilabel> tab to display the process list.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Select the process for which you want to change the priority.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Change Priority</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>Change Priority</guilabel> dialog is displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Use the slider to set the nice value of the process.
</para>
<para>
The nice value sets the priority of the process: the lower the nice value, the higher the priority.
</para>
<para>
To specify a nice value lower than zero, non-root users must enter the root password.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the <guibutton>Change Priority</guibutton> button.
Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>End Process</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, or click on the <guibutton>End Process</guibutton> button.
</para>
<para>
By default, a confirmation alert is displayed. For information about how to display or hide the confirmation alert, see <xref linkend="gnome-system-monitor-prefs-proclist"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the <guibutton>End Process</guibutton> button to confirm that you want to end the process. <application>System Monitor</application> forces the process to finish normally.
By default, a confirmation alert is displayed. For information about how to display or hide the confirmation alert, see <xref linkend="gnome-system-monitor-prefs-proclist"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the <guibutton>Kill Process</guibutton> button to confirm that you want to terminate the process. <application>System Monitor</application> forces the process to finish immediately.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
You usually terminate a process only if you cannot end the process normally as described in <xref linkend="gnome-system-monitor-end-process"/>.
To monitor CPU usage, select the <guilabel>Resources</guilabel> tab.
</para>
<para>
<application>System Monitor</application> displays the CPU usage history in graphical format. Underneath the graph, <application>System Monitor</application> also displays the current CPU usage, as a percentage.
To monitor memory and swap usage, select the <guilabel>Resources</guilabel> tab.
</para>
<para>
<application>System Monitor</application> displays the memory usage history and the swap usage history in graphical format. Underneath the graph, <application>System Monitor</application> also displays the following numerical values:
To monitor network activity, select the <guilabel>Resources</guilabel> tab.
</para>
<para>
<application>System Monitor</application> displays the network history in graphical format. Underneath the graph, <application>System Monitor</application> also displays the following numerical values:
To monitor file systems, select the <guilabel>File Systems</guilabel> tab.
</para>
<para>
<application>System Monitor</application> displays mounted file systems in tabular format. From left to right, the table displays the following columns:
To change the background color of the <application>System Monitor</application> graphs, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog is displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Select the <guilabel>Resources</guilabel> tab in the <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the <guilabel>Background color</guilabel> button. The <guilabel>Pick a color</guilabel> dialog is displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose a color from the <guilabel>Palette</guilabel>, or use the color wheel or the spin boxes to customize the color.
To change the grid color of the <application>System Monitor</application> graphs, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog is displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Select the <guilabel>Resources</guilabel> tab in the <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the <guilabel>Grid color</guilabel> button. The <guilabel>Pick a color</guilabel> dialog is displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose a color from the <guilabel>Palette</guilabel>, or use the color wheel or the spin boxes to customize the color.
<title>To Change the Line Color of the CPU Graph</title>
<para>
To change the color of the line that represents CPU usage in the <guilabel>CPU History</guilabel> graph, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Select the <guilabel>Resources</guilabel> tab in the <guilabel>System Monitor</guilabel> window, to display the graphs and table that provide information about the usage of system resources.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the <guibutton>CPU</guibutton> color button. The <guilabel>Pick a color</guilabel> dialog is displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose a color from the <guilabel>Palette</guilabel>, or use the color wheel or the spin boxes to customize the color.
To change the color of the lines that represent memory and swap usage in the graph, perform the following steps:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Select the <guilabel>Resources</guilabel> tab in the <guilabel>System Monitor</guilabel> window, to display the graphs and table that provide information about the usage of system resources.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on the <guibutton>User memory</guibutton> or <guibutton>Used swap</guibutton> button. The <guilabel>Pick a color</guilabel> dialog is displayed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Choose a color from the <guilabel>Palette</guilabel>, or use the color wheel or the spin boxes to customize the color.
<para>To configure <application>System Monitor</application>, choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. The <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> dialog contains the following tabbed sections:
Select this option to display the name of the process. This column may also contain an icon to indicate the application that is associated with the process.
Select this option to display the amount of shared memory that is allocated to the process. Shared memory is memory that can be accessed by another process.
Select this option to display when the process began running.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<guilabel>ਨਾਈਸ</guilabel>
</para>
<para>
Select this option to display the nice value of the process. The nice value sets the priority of the process: the lower the nice value, the higher the priority.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<guilabel>ID</guilabel>
</para>
<para>
Select this option to display the process identifier, also known as the pid. The pid is a number that uniquely identifies the process. You can use the pid to manipulate the process on the command line.
Use this button to customize the background color of the <application>System Monitor</application> graphs, as described in <xref linkend="gnome-system-monitor-customize-background"/>.
Use this button to customize the grid color of the <application>System Monitor</application> graphs, as described in <xref linkend="gnome-system-monitor-customize-grid"/>.