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  6.     <title>10.11.¬† Warp</title>
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  18.     <div class="navheader">
  19.       <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
  20.         <tr>
  21.           <th colspan="3" align="center">10.11.¬†
  22.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Warp</span>
  23.   </th>
  24.         </tr>
  25.         <tr>
  26.           <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="plug-in-tile.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a>¬†</td>
  27.           <th width="60%" align="center">10.¬†
  28.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Map Filters</span>
  29.   </th>
  30.           <td width="20%" align="right">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="filters-render.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
  31.         </tr>
  32.       </table>
  33.       <hr />
  34.     </div>
  35.     <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  36.       <div class="titlepage">
  37.         <div>
  38.           <div>
  39.             <h3 class="title"><a id="plug-in-warp"></a>10.11.¬†
  40.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Warp</span>
  41.   </h3>
  42.           </div>
  43.           <div>
  44.             <div class="revhistory">
  45.               <table border="1" width="100%" summary="Revision history">
  46.                 <tr>
  47.                   <th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">
  48.                     <b>Revision History</b>
  49.                   </th>
  50.                 </tr>
  51.                 <tr>
  52.                   <td align="left">Revision $Revision: 2357 $</td>
  53.                   <td align="left">2007-01-05</td>
  54.                   <td align="left">j.h</td>
  55.                 </tr>
  56.               </table>
  57.             </div>
  58.           </div>
  59.         </div>
  60.       </div>
  61.       <a id="id2768117" class="indexterm"></a>
  62.       <a id="id2768135" class="indexterm"></a>
  63.       <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  64.         <div class="titlepage">
  65.           <div>
  66.             <div>
  67.               <h4 class="title"><a id="id2768144"></a>10.11.1.¬†
  68.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Overview</span>
  69.     </h4>
  70.             </div>
  71.           </div>
  72.         </div>
  73.         <p>
  74.       You can find this filter through
  75.       <span class="guimenu">Filters</span> ‚Üí <span class="guisubmenu">Map</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem"><span class="accel">W</span>arp</span>.
  76.       This filter has no Preview.
  77.     </p>
  78.         <p>
  79.       This filter displaces pixels of active layer or selection according to
  80.       the grey levels of a <span class="emphasis"><em>Displacement map</em></span>. Pixels are
  81.       displaced according to the gradient slope in the displacement map.
  82.       Pixels corresponding to solid areas are not displaced; the higher the
  83.       slope, the higher the displacement.
  84.     </p>
  85.         <div class="figure">
  86.           <a id="id2768200"></a>
  87.           <p class="title">
  88.             <b>Figure¬†16.221.¬†
  89.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  90.           From left to right: original image, displace map, displaced image
  91.         </span>
  92.       </b>
  93.           </p>
  94.           <div class="figure-contents">
  95.             <div class="mediaobject">
  96.               <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp1.png" alt="From left to right: original image, displace map, displaced image" />
  97.               <div class="caption">
  98.                 <p>
  99.             Solid areas of displacement map lead to no displacement. Abrupt
  100.             transitions give an important displacement. A linear gradient
  101.             gives a regular displacement. Displacement direction is
  102.             perpendicular to gradient direction (angle = 90¬∞).
  103.           </p>
  104.               </div>
  105.             </div>
  106.           </div>
  107.         </div>
  108.         <br class="figure-break" />
  109.         <div class="figure">
  110.           <a id="id2768247"></a>
  111.           <p class="title">
  112.             <b>Figure¬†16.222.¬†
  113.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">With a non-linear gradient</span>
  114.       </b>
  115.           </p>
  116.           <div class="figure-contents">
  117.             <div class="mediaobject">
  118.               <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp2.png" alt="With a non-linear gradient" />
  119.               <div class="caption">
  120.                 <p>A non-linear gradient leads to curls.</p>
  121.               </div>
  122.             </div>
  123.           </div>
  124.         </div>
  125.         <br class="figure-break" />
  126.         <div class="figure">
  127.           <a id="id2768284"></a>
  128.           <p class="title">
  129.             <b>Figure¬†16.223.¬†
  130.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">With a complex gradient:</span>
  131.       </b>
  132.           </p>
  133.           <div class="figure-contents">
  134.             <div class="mediaobject">
  135.               <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp3.png" alt="With a complex gradient:" />
  136.               <div class="caption">
  137.                 <p>
  138.             And a complex gradient, such as the
  139.             <a class="link" href="plug-in-solid-noise.html" title="11.3.¬† Solid Noise">Solid Noise</a>
  140.             filter can create, gives a swirl effect.
  141.           </p>
  142.               </div>
  143.             </div>
  144.           </div>
  145.         </div>
  146.         <br class="figure-break" />
  147.         <p>
  148.       This filter offers the possibility of masking a part of the image to
  149.       protect it against filter action.
  150.     </p>
  151.       </div>
  152.       <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  153.         <div class="titlepage">
  154.           <div>
  155.             <div>
  156.               <h4 class="title"><a id="id2768339"></a>10.11.2.¬†
  157.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Options</span>
  158.     </h4>
  159.             </div>
  160.           </div>
  161.         </div>
  162.         <div class="figure">
  163.           <a id="id2768350"></a>
  164.           <p class="title">
  165.             <b>Figure¬†16.224.¬†
  166.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Warp filter options</span>
  167.       </b>
  168.           </p>
  169.           <div class="figure-contents">
  170.             <div class="mediaobject">
  171.               <img src="../images/filters/options-map-warp.png" alt="Warp filter options" />
  172.             </div>
  173.           </div>
  174.         </div>
  175.         <br class="figure-break" />
  176.         <div class="variablelist">
  177.           <p class="title">
  178.             <b>
  179.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Basic Options</span>
  180.       </b>
  181.           </p>
  182.           <dl>
  183.             <dt>
  184.               <span class="term">Step Size</span>
  185.             </dt>
  186.             <dd>
  187.               <p>
  188.             ‚Äú<span class="quote">Step</span>‚Äù is displacement distance for every filter
  189.             iteration. A 10 value is necessary to get a one pixel
  190.             displacement. This value can be negative to invert
  191.             displacement direction.
  192.           </p>
  193.             </dd>
  194.             <dt>
  195.               <span class="term">Iterations</span>
  196.             </dt>
  197.             <dd>
  198.               <p>
  199.             <span class="guilabel">Iteration</span> is the number of repetitions of
  200.             effect when applying filter.
  201.           </p>
  202.             </dd>
  203.             <dt>
  204.               <span class="term">On Edges</span>
  205.             </dt>
  206.             <dd>
  207.               <p>
  208.             Because of displacement, a part of pixels are driven over the
  209.             borders of layer or selection, and, on the opposite side, pixels
  210.             places are emptying. Four following options allow you to fix this
  211.             issue:
  212.           </p>
  213.               <div class="itemizedlist">
  214.                 <ul type="disc">
  215.                   <li>
  216.                     <p>
  217.                 <span class="guilabel">Warp</span>
  218.                 (default): What goes out on one side is going into the
  219.                 opposite side.
  220.               </p>
  221.                   </li>
  222.                   <li>
  223.                     <p>
  224.                 <span class="guilabel">Smear</span>:
  225.                 Emptying places are filled with a spreading of the
  226.                 neighbouring image line.
  227.               </p>
  228.                   </li>
  229.                   <li>
  230.                     <p>
  231.                 <span class="guilabel">Black</span>
  232.                 : Emptying places are filled with black color.
  233.               </p>
  234.                   </li>
  235.                   <li>
  236.                     <p>
  237.                 <span class="guilabel">FG Color</span>
  238.                 : Emptying places are filled with the Foreground color of the
  239.                 color area in Toolbox.
  240.               </p>
  241.                   </li>
  242.                 </ul>
  243.               </div>
  244.             </dd>
  245.             <dt>
  246.               <span class="term">Displacement Map</span>
  247.             </dt>
  248.             <dd>
  249.               <p>
  250.             To be listed in this drop-down list, the displacement map,
  251.             which is a grey-scaled image, must be <span class="emphasis"><em>present on
  252.               your screen when you call filter and must have the same size
  253.               as the original image</em></span>.
  254.           </p>
  255.             </dd>
  256.           </dl>
  257.         </div>
  258.         <div class="variablelist">
  259.           <p class="title">
  260.             <b>
  261.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Advanced Options</span>
  262.       </b>
  263.           </p>
  264.           <dl>
  265.             <dt>
  266.               <span class="term">Dither Size</span>
  267.             </dt>
  268.             <dd>
  269.               <p>
  270.             Once all pixels displaced, this option scatters them randomly,
  271.             giving grain to the image. The higher this value (0.00-100.00),
  272.             the thinner the grain.
  273.           </p>
  274.               <div class="figure">
  275.                 <a id="id2768583"></a>
  276.                 <p class="title">
  277.                   <b>Figure¬†16.225.¬†
  278.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">With a 3.00 dither size:</span>
  279.             </b>
  280.                 </p>
  281.                 <div class="figure-contents">
  282.                   <div class="mediaobject">
  283.                     <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp4.png" alt="With a 3.00 dither size:" />
  284.                   </div>
  285.                 </div>
  286.               </div>
  287.               <br class="figure-break" />
  288.             </dd>
  289.             <dt>
  290.               <span class="term">Rotation Angle</span>
  291.             </dt>
  292.             <dd>
  293.               <p>
  294.             This option sets displacement angle of pixels according to the
  295.             slope direction of gradient. Previous examples have been created
  296.             with a vertical gradient and a 90¬∞ angle: so, pixels were
  297.             displaced horizontally and nothing went out of the image borders.
  298.             Here is an example with a 10¬∞ angle and 6 iterations:
  299.           </p>
  300.               <div class="figure">
  301.                 <a id="id2768641"></a>
  302.                 <p class="title">
  303.                   <b>Figure¬†16.226.¬†
  304.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">With a 10¬∞ angle and 6 iterations:</span>
  305.             </b>
  306.                 </p>
  307.                 <div class="figure-contents">
  308.                   <div class="mediaobject">
  309.                     <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp5.png" alt="With a 10¬∞ angle and 6 iterations:" />
  310.                     <div class="caption">
  311.                       <p>
  312.                   Displacement is made according to a 10¬∞ angle against
  313.                   vertical. Pixels going out the lower border on every
  314.                   iteration are going into through the upper border (Wrap
  315.                   option checked), giving a dotted line.
  316.                 </p>
  317.                     </div>
  318.                   </div>
  319.                 </div>
  320.               </div>
  321.               <br class="figure-break" />
  322.             </dd>
  323.             <dt>
  324.               <span class="term">Magnitude map</span>
  325.             </dt>
  326.             <dd>
  327.               <p>
  328.             In addition to displacement map, you can add a
  329.             <span class="guilabel">Magnitude Map</span>. This map is also a
  330.             grey-scaled image, with the same size as the source image and
  331.             which must be present on your screen when you call filter.
  332.             This map gives more or less strength to filter on some parts
  333.             of the image, according to the grey levels of this magnitude
  334.             map. Image areas corresponding to white parts of this map will
  335.             undergo all the strength of filter. Image areas corresponding
  336.             to black parts of the map will be spared by filter.
  337.             Intermediate grey levels will lessen filter action on
  338.             corresponding areas of the image. <span class="guilabel">Use magnitude
  339.               map</span> must be checked for that.
  340.           </p>
  341.               <div class="figure">
  342.                 <a id="id2768730"></a>
  343.                 <p class="title">
  344.                   <b>Figure¬†16.227.¬†
  345.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Magnitude Map example:</span>
  346.             </b>
  347.                 </p>
  348.                 <div class="figure-contents">
  349.                   <div class="mediaobject">
  350.                     <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp6.png" alt="Magnitude Map example:" />
  351.                     <div class="caption">
  352.                       <p>
  353.                   From left to right: original image, displacement map,
  354.                   magnitude map, after applying ‚Äú<span class="quote">Warp</span>‚Äù
  355.                   filter. You can see that the black areas of magnitude map
  356.                   prevent filter to take action.
  357.                 </p>
  358.                     </div>
  359.                   </div>
  360.                 </div>
  361.               </div>
  362.               <br class="figure-break" />
  363.             </dd>
  364.           </dl>
  365.         </div>
  366.         <div class="variablelist">
  367.           <p class="title">
  368.             <b>
  369.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">More Advanced Options</span>
  370.       </b>
  371.           </p>
  372.           <p>
  373.         These extra options let you add two new maps, a gradient map and/or
  374.         a vector map.
  375.       </p>
  376.           <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
  377.             <table border="0" summary="Note">
  378.               <tr>
  379.                 <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
  380.                   <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
  381.                 </td>
  382.                 <th align="left">Note</th>
  383.               </tr>
  384.               <tr>
  385.                 <td align="left" valign="top">
  386.                   <p>
  387.           To test these options alone, you must use a map with a solid color
  388.           for all the other maps.
  389.         </p>
  390.                 </td>
  391.               </tr>
  392.             </table>
  393.           </div>
  394.           <dl>
  395.             <dt>
  396.               <span class="term">The Gradient Map</span>
  397.             </dt>
  398.             <dd>
  399.               <p>
  400.             <span class="emphasis"><em>The gradient map</em></span> is also a grayscaled map.
  401.             Here, the displacement of pixels depends on the direction of
  402.             grayscale transitions. The <span class="guilabel">Gradient scale</span>
  403.             option lets you set how much the grayscale variations will
  404.             influence the displacement of pixels.
  405.             On every iteration, the filter works of the whole image, not
  406.             only on the red object: this explains burredness.
  407.           </p>
  408.               <div class="figure">
  409.                 <a id="id2768839"></a>
  410.                 <p class="title">
  411.                   <b>Figure¬†16.228.¬†
  412.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Gradient map example</span>
  413.             </b>
  414.                 </p>
  415.                 <div class="figure-contents">
  416.                   <div class="mediaobject">
  417.                     <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp7.png" alt="Gradient map example" />
  418.                     <div class="caption">
  419.                       <p>
  420.                   From left to right: original image, displacement map,
  421.                   after applying ‚Äú<span class="quote">Warp</span>‚Äù filter with a Gradient
  422.                   Scale map. Gradient is oblique, from top left to right
  423.                   bottom. The part of the image corresponding to the gradient
  424.                   is moved obliquely, 90¬∞ rotated (Rotation Angle 90¬∞ in
  425.                   Advanced options).
  426.                 </p>
  427.                     </div>
  428.                   </div>
  429.                 </div>
  430.               </div>
  431.               <br class="figure-break" />
  432.             </dd>
  433.             <dt>
  434.               <span class="term">The Vector Map</span>
  435.             </dt>
  436.             <dd>
  437.               <div class="figure">
  438.                 <a id="id2768903"></a>
  439.                 <p class="title">
  440.                   <b>Figure¬†16.229.¬†
  441.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Vector map example</span>
  442.             </b>
  443.                 </p>
  444.                 <div class="figure-contents">
  445.                   <div class="mediaobject">
  446.                     <img src="../images/filters/examples/example-map-warp8.png" alt="Vector map example" />
  447.                     <div class="caption">
  448.                       <p>
  449.                   From left to right: original image, displacement map,
  450.                   after applying ‚Äú<span class="quote">Warp</span>‚Äù filter with a Vector
  451.                   map. Gradient is vertical, from top to bottom. Vector angle
  452.                   is 45¬∞. The image is moved obliquely, 45¬∞ to the top left
  453.                   corner. The image is blurred because every iteration works
  454.                   on the whole image, and not only on the red bar.
  455.                 </p>
  456.                     </div>
  457.                   </div>
  458.                 </div>
  459.               </div>
  460.               <br class="figure-break" />
  461.               <p>
  462.             With this map, the displacement depends on the angle you set
  463.             in the <span class="guilabel">Angle</span> text box. 0¬∞ is upwards.
  464.             Angles go counter-clockwise. The <span class="guilabel">Vector Magnitude
  465.             </span> determines by how many pixels the image will move on
  466.             every iteration.
  467.           </p>
  468.             </dd>
  469.           </dl>
  470.         </div>
  471.       </div>
  472.     </div>
  473.     <div class="navfooter">
  474.       <hr />
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  477.           <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="plug-in-tile.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a>¬†</td>
  478.           <td width="20%" align="center">
  479.             <a accesskey="u" href="filters-map.html">
  480.               <img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up" />
  481.             </a>
  482.           </td>
  483.           <td width="40%" align="right">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="filters-render.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
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  485.         <tr>
  486.           <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><a accesskey="p" href="plug-in-tile.html">10.10.¬†
  487.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Tile</span>
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  495.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Rendering Filters</span>
  496.   </a></td>
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  502.