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- <th colspan="3" align="center">5. 
-
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Paths</span>
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- <div>
- <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="gimp-using-paths"></a>5. 
- <a id="gimp-concepts-paths"></a>
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Paths</span>
- </h2>
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- <div>
- <div class="revhistory">
- <table border="1" width="100%" summary="Revision history">
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- <th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">
- <b>Revision History</b>
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- <tr>
- <td align="left">Revision $Revision: 2437 $</td>
- <td align="left">2007-07-15</td>
- <td align="left">romanofski</td>
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- <a id="id2593268" class="indexterm"></a>
- <a id="id2593280" class="indexterm"></a>
- <p>
- Paths are curves (known as Bézier-curves). In <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> it's
- very easy to learn and to use them. To understand their concepts and
- mechanism you can go to the glossary
- <a class="link" href="glossary.html#glossary-bezier-curve" title="Bezier curve">Bézier-curve</a> or to Wikipedia
- <a class="ulink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bézier_curve" target="_top">
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bézier_curve</a>. It is a very powerful
- tool to design sophisticated forms. To use it in <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>
- you must operate by two successive ways: 1st Create the path and 2nd
- Stroke path.
- </p>
- <p>
- According to the terminology used in <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym>,
- “<span class="quote">Stroke path</span>” means here to apply a specific style to the
- path (color, width, pattern... ).
- </p>
- <p>
- Paths are used for two main purposes:
- </p>
- <div class="itemizedlist">
- <ul type="disc">
- <li>
- <p>A closed path can be converted into a selection.</p>
- </li>
- <li>
- <p>
- An open or closed path can be <span class="emphasis"><em>stroked</em></span>,
- that is, painted on the image, in a variety of ways.
- </p>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="figure">
- <a id="id2593372"></a>
- <p class="title">
- <b>Figure 7.10. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Illustration of four different path creating.</span>
- </b>
- </p>
- <div class="figure-contents">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/path-examples.png" alt="Illustration of four different path creating." />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Four examples of GIMP paths: one closed and polygonal; one open and
- polygonal; one closed and curved; one with a mixture of straight and
- curved segments.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <br class="figure-break" />
- <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h3 class="title"><a id="gimp-using-paths-creating"></a>5.1. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Path Creating</span>
- </h3>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- At this step you can design a skeleton of wished form; this skeleton
- will be modified later by various ways. To do this you can go to
- <a class="link" href="gimp-tools-other.html#gimp-tool-path" title="6.1.  Path">Paths</a>.
- A short example will be useful to understand the creating process.
- </p>
- <div class="itemizedlist">
- <ul type="disc">
- <li>
- <p>
- In menu click
- <span class="guimenu">Tools</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem">Path</span> in image window
- </p>
- </li>
- <li>
- <p>
- or on the relevant icon
- <span class="guiicon">
- <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/toolbox/stock-tool-path-22.png" /></span>
- </span> in toolbox
- </p>
- </li>
- <li>
- <p>or use hotkey <span class="keycap"><strong>B</strong></span></p>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <p>
- Your pointer changes into a pen feature with a curve beginning; if you
- click in the image you print a point (white inner circle with a
- black border); moving mouse and right-clicking again you create
- automatically a second point linked to previous one. You can carry on as
- often as you wish it to design a polyline, but to learn you need two
- points only. Now if you approach pointer close to segment ranging
- between the two points, the little “<span class="quote">+</span>”
- close to pointer changes into a cross (for moving). Now press down right
- button moving pointer to any side.
- </p>
- <p>
- Then two events occur. One is a bending of the segment to the moving
- direction and this bending is proportional to displacement. The
- second reveals two segments ended with squares (named handles) at the
- two curve ends . If you place the mouse pointer on these squares it
- changes into a pointing finger. Now, if you click-and-drag you can see
- the consequence on the curve feature. By this mean you can change the
- starting curve orientation as well as its “<span class="quote">lengthening</span>”
- on modified side.
- </p>
- <div class="figure">
- <a id="id2593543"></a>
- <p class="title">
- <b>Figure 7.11. 
- <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
- Appearance of a path while it is being manipulated using the Path
- tool.
- </span>
- </b>
- </p>
- <div class="figure-contents">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/path-with-anchors.png" alt="Appearance of a path while it is being manipulated using the Path tool." />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Black squares are anchor points, the open circle is the selected
- anchor, and the two open squares are its handles. Note that this
- path has two components.
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <br class="figure-break" />
- <p>
- Paths can be created and manipulated using the
- <a class="link" href="gimp-tools-other.html#gimp-tool-path" title="6.1.  Path">Path tool</a>.
- Paths, like layers and channels, are components of an image. When an
- image is saved in GIMP's native XCF file format, any paths it has are
- saved along with it. The list of paths in an image can be viewed and
- operated on using the
- <a class="link" href="gimp-path-dialog.html" title="2.3.  Path Dialog">Paths dialog</a>.
- If you want to move a path from one image to another, you can do so by
- copying and pasting using the pop-up menu in the Paths dialog, or by
- dragging an icon from the Paths dialog into the destination image's
- window.
- </p>
- <p>
- GIMP paths belong to a mathematical type called
- “<span class="quote">Bezier paths</span>”. What this means in practical terms is that
- they are defined by <span class="emphasis"><em>anchors</em></span> and
- <span class="emphasis"><em>handles</em></span>. “<span class="quote">Anchors</span>” are points the path
- goes through. “<span class="quote">Handles</span>” define the direction of a path when
- it enters or leaves an anchor point: each anchor point has two handles
- attached to it.
- </p>
- <p>
- Paths can be very complex. If you create them by hand using the Path
- tool, unless you are obsessive they probably won't contain more than a
- few dozen anchor points (often many fewer); but if you create them by
- transforming a selection into a path, or by transforming text into a
- path, the result can easily contain hundreds of anchor points, or even
- thousands.
- </p>
- <p>
- A path may contain multiple <span class="emphasis"><em>components</em></span>. A
- “<span class="quote">component</span>”
- is a part of a path whose anchor points are all connected to each other
- by path segments. The ability to have multiple components in paths
- allows you to convert them into selections having multiple disconnected
- parts.
- </p>
- <p>
- Each component of a path can be either <span class="emphasis"><em>open</em></span> or
- <span class="emphasis"><em>closed</em></span>: “<span class="quote">closed</span>”
- means that the last anchor point is connected to the first anchor point.
- If you transform a path into a selection, any open components are
- automatically converted into closed components by connecting the last
- anchor point to the first anchor point with a straight line.
- </p>
- <p>
- Path segments can be either straight or curved. A path all of whose
- segments are straight is called “<span class="quote">polygonal</span>”.
- When you create a path segment, it starts out straight, because the
- handles for the anchor points are initially placed directly on top of
- the anchor points, yielding handles of zero length, which produce
- straight-line segments. You can make a segment curved by dragging a
- handle away from one of the anchor points.
- </p>
- <p>
- One nice thing about paths is that they are very light in terms of
- resource consumption, especially in comparison with images. Representing
- a path in RAM only requires storing the coordinates of its anchors and
- handles: 1K of memory is enough to hold quite a complex path, but not
- enough to hold even a 20x20 pixel RGB layer. Therefore, it is quite
- possible to have literally hundreds of paths in an image without putting
- any significant stress of your system. (How much stress managing them
- would put on <span class="emphasis"><em>you</em></span>
- is, of course, another question.) Even a path with thousands of segments
- consumes minimal resources in comparison to a typical layer or channel.
- </p>
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