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  6.     <title>Chapter¬†8.¬† Combining Images</title>
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  14.     <link rel="prev" href="gimp-using-rectangular.html" title="13.2.¬† Creating a Basic Shape" />
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  19.       <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
  20.         <tr>
  21.           <th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter¬†8.¬†
  22.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Combining Images</span>
  23.       </th>
  24.         </tr>
  25.         <tr>
  26.           <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-using-rectangular.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a>¬†</td>
  27.           <th width="60%" align="center">Part¬†II.¬†
  28.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  29.         How do I Become a <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> Wizard?
  30.       </span>
  31.     </th>
  32.           <td width="20%" align="right">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="gimp-concepts-layer-modes.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
  33.         </tr>
  34.       </table>
  35.       <hr />
  36.     </div>
  37.     <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  38.       <div class="titlepage">
  39.         <div>
  40.           <div>
  41.             <h2 class="title"><a id="gimp-image-combining"></a>Chapter¬†8.¬†
  42.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Combining Images</span>
  43.       </h2>
  44.           </div>
  45.         </div>
  46.       </div>
  47.       <div class="toc">
  48.         <p>
  49.           <b>Table of Contents</b>
  50.         </p>
  51.         <dl>
  52.           <dt>
  53.             <span class="sect1">
  54.               <a href="gimp-image-combining.html#gimp-concepts-layers">1. 
  55.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Introduction to Layers</span>
  56.   </a>
  57.             </span>
  58.           </dt>
  59.           <dd>
  60.             <dl>
  61.               <dt>
  62.                 <span class="sect2">
  63.                   <a href="gimp-image-combining.html#gimp-layer-properties">1.1. 
  64.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Layer Properties</span>
  65.     </a>
  66.                 </span>
  67.               </dt>
  68.             </dl>
  69.           </dd>
  70.           <dt>
  71.             <span class="sect1">
  72.               <a href="gimp-concepts-layer-modes.html">2. 
  73.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Layer Modes</span>
  74.   </a>
  75.             </span>
  76.           </dt>
  77.           <dt>
  78.             <span class="sect1">
  79.               <a href="gimp-using-layers.html">3. 
  80.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creating New Layers</span>
  81.   </a>
  82.             </span>
  83.           </dt>
  84.           <dt>
  85.             <span class="sect1">
  86.               <a href="gimp-concepts-text.html">4. 
  87.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Text and Fonts</span>
  88.   </a>
  89.             </span>
  90.           </dt>
  91.           <dt>
  92.             <span class="sect1">
  93.               <a href="gimp-using-text.html">5. 
  94.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Text</span>
  95.   </a>
  96.             </span>
  97.           </dt>
  98.           <dd>
  99.             <dl>
  100.               <dt>
  101.                 <span class="sect2">
  102.                   <a href="gimp-using-text.html#id2603987">5.1. 
  103.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Embellishing Text</span>
  104.     </a>
  105.                 </span>
  106.               </dt>
  107.               <dt>
  108.                 <span class="sect2">
  109.                   <a href="gimp-using-fonts.html">5.2. 
  110.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Adding Fonts</span>
  111.     </a>
  112.                 </span>
  113.               </dt>
  114.               <dt>
  115.                 <span class="sect2">
  116.                   <a href="font-problems.html">5.3. 
  117.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Font Problems</span>
  118.     </a>
  119.                 </span>
  120.               </dt>
  121.             </dl>
  122.           </dd>
  123.         </dl>
  124.       </div>
  125.       <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  126.         <div class="titlepage">
  127.           <div>
  128.             <div>
  129.               <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="gimp-concepts-layers"></a>1.¬†
  130.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Introduction to Layers</span>
  131.   </h2>
  132.             </div>
  133.           </div>
  134.         </div>
  135.         <a id="id2599016" class="indexterm"></a>
  136.         <p>
  137.     A good way to visualize a GIMP image is as a stack of transparencies: in
  138.     GIMP terminology, each individual transparency is called a
  139.     <span class="emphasis"><em>layer</em></span>. There is no limit, in principle, to the number
  140.     of layers an image can have: only the amount of memory available on the
  141.     system. It is not uncommon for advanced users to work with images
  142.     containing dozens of layers.
  143.   </p>
  144.         <p>
  145.     The organization of layers in an image is shown by the Layers dialog,
  146.     which is the second most important type of dialog window in GIMP, after
  147.     the Main Toolbox. The appearance of the Layers dialog is shown in the
  148.     adjoining illustration. How it works is described in detail in the
  149.     <a class="link" href="gimp-dialogs-structure.html#gimp-layer-dialog" title="2.1.¬† Layers Dialog">Layers Dialog</a>
  150.     section, but we will touch on some aspects of it here, in relation to the
  151.     layer properties that they display.
  152.   </p>
  153.         <p>
  154.     <a id="id2599061" class="indexterm"></a>
  155.     Each open image has at any time a single
  156.     <span class="emphasis"><em>active drawable</em></span>. A ‚Äú<span class="quote">drawable</span>‚Äù
  157.     is a GIMP concept that includes layers, but also several other types of
  158.     things, such as channels, layer masks, and the selection mask. (Basically,
  159.     a ‚Äú<span class="quote">drawable</span>‚Äù
  160.     is anything that can be drawn on with painting tools). If a layer is
  161.     currently active, it is shown highlighted in the Layers dialog, and its
  162.     name is shown in the status area of the image window. If not, you can
  163.     activate it by clicking on it. If none of the layers are highlighted, it
  164.     means the active drawable is something other than a layer.
  165.   </p>
  166.         <p>
  167.     In the menubar above an image window, you can find a menu called
  168.     <span class="guimenu">Layer</span>, containing a number of commands that
  169.     affect the active layer of the image.  The same menu can be
  170.     accessed by right-clicking in the Layers dialog.
  171.   </p>
  172.         <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  173.           <div class="titlepage">
  174.             <div>
  175.               <div>
  176.                 <h3 class="title"><a id="gimp-layer-properties"></a>1.1.¬†
  177.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Layer Properties</span>
  178.     </h3>
  179.               </div>
  180.             </div>
  181.           </div>
  182.           <p>
  183.       Each layer in an image has a number of important attributes:
  184.     </p>
  185.           <div class="variablelist">
  186.             <dl>
  187.               <dt>
  188.                 <span class="term">Name</span>
  189.               </dt>
  190.               <dd>
  191.                 <p>
  192.             Every layer has a name. This is assigned automatically when the
  193.             layer is created, but you can change it. You can change the name
  194.             of a layer either by double-clicking on it in the Layers dialog,
  195.             or by right-clicking there and then selecting the top entry in the
  196.             menu that appears,
  197.             <span class="guimenuitem">Edit Layer Attributes</span>.
  198.           </p>
  199.               </dd>
  200.               <dt>
  201.                 <span class="term">Presence or absence of an alpha channel</span>
  202.               </dt>
  203.               <dd>
  204.                 <a id="id2599168" class="indexterm"></a>
  205.                 <a id="id2599176" class="indexterm"></a>
  206.                 <p>
  207.             An alpha channel encodes information about how transparent a layer
  208.             is at each pixel. It is visible in the Channel Dialog: white is
  209.             complete opacity, black is complete transparency and grey levels
  210.             are partial transparencies.
  211.           </p>
  212.                 <p>
  213.             The background layer is particular. If you have just created a
  214.             new image, it has still only one layer which is a background
  215.             layer. If the image has been created with an opaque Fill type,
  216.             this one layer has no Alpha channel. If you add a new layer,
  217.             even with an opaque Fill type, an Alpha channel is automatically
  218.             created, which applies to all layers apart from the background
  219.             layer. To get a background layer with transparency, either you
  220.             create your new image with a transparent Fill type, or you use
  221.             the
  222.             <a class="link" href="gimp-layer-alpha-add.html" title="10.32.¬† Add Alpha Channel">Add an Alpha Channel</a>.
  223.           </p>
  224.                 <p>
  225.             Every layer other than the bottom layer of an image has
  226.             automatically an Alpha channel, but you can't see a grayscale
  227.             representation of the alpha values. See
  228.             <a class="link" href="glossary.html#glossary-alpha" title="Alpha">Alpha</a> in Glossary for
  229.             more information.
  230.           </p>
  231.                 <p><a id="alpha-channel-example"></a><b>
  232.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Example for Alpha channel</span>
  233.             .¬†</b><a id="id2599251" class="indexterm"></a>
  234.               </p>
  235.                 <div class="figure">
  236.                   <a id="id2599262"></a>
  237.                   <p class="title">
  238.                     <b>Figure¬†8.1.¬†
  239.                   <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Alpha channel example: Basic image</span>
  240.                 </b>
  241.                   </p>
  242.                   <div class="figure-contents">
  243.                     <div class="mediaobject">
  244.                       <img src="../images/glossary/alpha-channel-0.png" alt="Alpha channel example: Basic image" />
  245.                       <div class="caption">
  246.                         <p>
  247.                       This image has three layers painted with pure 100% opaque
  248.                       Red, Green, and Blue. In the Channel Dialog, you can see
  249.                       that an alpha Channel has been added. It is white because
  250.                       the image is not transparent since there is at least one
  251.                       100% opaque layer. The current layer is the red one : since
  252.                       it is painted with pure red, there is no green and no blue
  253.                       and the corresponding channels are black.
  254.                     </p>
  255.                       </div>
  256.                     </div>
  257.                   </div>
  258.                 </div>
  259.                 <p><br class="figure-break" />
  260.               </p>
  261.                 <div class="figure">
  262.                   <a id="id2599317"></a>
  263.                   <p class="title">
  264.                     <b>Figure¬†8.2.¬†
  265.                   <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  266.                     Alpha channel example: One transparent layer
  267.                   </span>
  268.                 </b>
  269.                   </p>
  270.                   <div class="figure-contents">
  271.                     <div class="mediaobject">
  272.                       <img src="../images/glossary/alpha-channel-1.png" alt="Alpha channel example: One transparent layer" />
  273.                       <div class="caption">
  274.                         <p>
  275.                       The left part of the first layer has been made transparent
  276.                       (Rectangular selection, Edit/Clear). The second layer,
  277.                       green, is visible. The Alpha channel is still white, since
  278.                       there is an opaque layer in this part of the image.
  279.                     </p>
  280.                       </div>
  281.                     </div>
  282.                   </div>
  283.                 </div>
  284.                 <p><br class="figure-break" />
  285.               </p>
  286.                 <div class="figure">
  287.                   <a id="id2599360"></a>
  288.                   <p class="title">
  289.                     <b>Figure¬†8.3.¬†
  290.                   <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  291.                     Alpha channel example: Two transparent layers
  292.                   </span>
  293.                 </b>
  294.                   </p>
  295.                   <div class="figure-contents">
  296.                     <div class="mediaobject">
  297.                       <img src="../images/glossary/alpha-channel-2.png" alt="Alpha channel example: Two transparent layers" />
  298.                       <div class="caption">
  299.                         <p>
  300.                       The left part of the second layer has been made
  301.                       transparent. The third layer, blue, is visible through the
  302.                       first and second layers. The Alpha channel is still white,
  303.                       since there is an opaque layer in this part of the image.
  304.                     </p>
  305.                       </div>
  306.                     </div>
  307.                   </div>
  308.                 </div>
  309.                 <p><br class="figure-break" />
  310.               </p>
  311.                 <div class="figure">
  312.                   <a id="id2599402"></a>
  313.                   <p class="title">
  314.                     <b>Figure¬†8.4.¬†
  315.                   <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  316.                     Alpha channel example: Three transparent layers
  317.                   </span>
  318.                 </b>
  319.                   </p>
  320.                   <div class="figure-contents">
  321.                     <div class="mediaobject">
  322.                       <img src="../images/glossary/alpha-channel-3a.png" alt="Alpha channel example: Three transparent layers" />
  323.                       <div class="caption">
  324.                         <p>
  325.                       The left part of the third layer has been made transparent.
  326.                       The Alpha channel is still white and the left part of the
  327.                       layer is white, opaque! The background layer has
  328.                       no Alpha channel. In this case, the Clear command works
  329.                       like the Eraser and uses the Background color of Toolbox.
  330.                     </p>
  331.                       </div>
  332.                     </div>
  333.                   </div>
  334.                 </div>
  335.                 <p><br class="figure-break" />
  336.               </p>
  337.                 <div class="figure">
  338.                   <a id="id2599446"></a>
  339.                   <p class="title">
  340.                     <b>Figure¬†8.5.¬†
  341.                   <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  342.                     Alpha channel example: Alpha channel added to the Background
  343.                   </span>
  344.                 </b>
  345.                   </p>
  346.                   <div class="figure-contents">
  347.                     <div class="mediaobject">
  348.                       <img src="../images/glossary/alpha-channel-3b.png" alt="Alpha channel example: Alpha channel added to the Background" />
  349.                       <div class="caption">
  350.                         <p>
  351.                       We used the
  352.                       <span class="guimenu">Layer</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem">Transparency</span> ‚Üí <span class="guisubmenu">Add Alpha Channel</span>
  353.                       command, which is active on the Background layer only.
  354.                       Now, the left part of the image is fully transparent and
  355.                       has the color of the page the image is lying on. The left
  356.                       part of the Alpha Channel thumbnail is black (transparent)
  357.                       in the Channel Dialog.
  358.                     </p>
  359.                       </div>
  360.                     </div>
  361.                   </div>
  362.                 </div>
  363.                 <p><br class="figure-break" />
  364.             </p>
  365.               </dd>
  366.               <dt>
  367.                 <span class="term">Layer type</span>
  368.               </dt>
  369.               <dd>
  370.                 <a id="id2599526" class="indexterm"></a>
  371.                 <p>
  372.             The layer type is determined by the image type (see previous
  373.             section) and the presence or absence of an alpha channel. These
  374.             are the possible layer types:
  375.           </p>
  376.                 <div class="itemizedlist">
  377.                   <ul type="disc">
  378.                     <li>
  379.                       <p>RGB</p>
  380.                     </li>
  381.                     <li>
  382.                       <p>RGBA</p>
  383.                     </li>
  384.                     <li>
  385.                       <p>Gray</p>
  386.                     </li>
  387.                     <li>
  388.                       <p>GrayA</p>
  389.                     </li>
  390.                     <li>
  391.                       <p>Indexed</p>
  392.                     </li>
  393.                     <li>
  394.                       <p>IndexedA</p>
  395.                     </li>
  396.                   </ul>
  397.                 </div>
  398.                 <p>
  399.             The main reason this matters is that most filters (in the
  400.             <span class="guimenu">Filters</span>
  401.             menu) only accept a subset of layer types, and appear grayed out
  402.             in the menu if the active layer does not have an acceptable type.
  403.             Often you can rectify this either by changing the mode of the
  404.             image or by adding or removing an alpha channel.
  405.           </p>
  406.               </dd>
  407.               <dt>
  408.                 <span class="term">
  409.           <span class="guiicon">
  410.             <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/dialogs/stock-eye-20.png" /></span>
  411.           </span>
  412.           <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Visibility</span>
  413.         </span>
  414.               </dt>
  415.               <dd>
  416.                 <a id="id2599652" class="indexterm"></a>
  417.                 <p>
  418.             It is possible to temporarily remove a layer from an image,
  419.             without destroying it, by clicking on the symbol in the Layers
  420.             dialog. This is called ‚Äú<span class="quote">toggling the visibility</span>‚Äù
  421.             of the layer. Most operations on an image treat toggled-off layers
  422.             as if they did not exist. When you work with images containing
  423.             many layers, with varying opacity, you often can get a better
  424.             picture of the contents of the layer you want to work on by hiding
  425.             some of the other layers.
  426.           </p>
  427.                 <div class="tip" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
  428.                   <table border="0" summary="Tip">
  429.                     <tr>
  430.                       <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
  431.                         <img alt="[Tip]" src="../images/tip.png" />
  432.                       </td>
  433.                       <th align="left">Tip</th>
  434.                     </tr>
  435.                     <tr>
  436.                       <td align="left" valign="top">
  437.                         <p>
  438.               If you <span class="emphasis"><em>Shift</em></span>-click on the eye symbol, this
  439.               will cause all layers <span class="emphasis"><em>except</em></span>
  440.               the one you click on to be hidden.
  441.             </p>
  442.                       </td>
  443.                     </tr>
  444.                   </table>
  445.                 </div>
  446.               </dd>
  447.               <dt>
  448.                 <span class="term">
  449.           <span class="guiicon">
  450.             <span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../images/dialogs/stock-vchain-24.png" /></span>
  451.           </span>
  452.           <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Linkage to other layers</span>
  453.         </span>
  454.               </dt>
  455.               <dd>
  456.                 <a id="id2599732" class="indexterm"></a>
  457.                 <a id="id2599746" class="indexterm"></a>
  458.                 <p>
  459.             If you click between the eye icon and the layer thumbnail, you get
  460.             a chain icon, which enables you to group layers for operations on
  461.             multiple layers (for example with the Move tool or a transform
  462.             tool).
  463.           </p>
  464.                 <div class="figure">
  465.                   <a id="id2599764"></a>
  466.                   <p class="title">
  467.                     <b>Figure¬†8.6.¬†
  468.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Layer Dialog</span>
  469.             </b>
  470.                   </p>
  471.                   <div class="figure-contents">
  472.                     <div class="mediaobject">
  473.                       <img src="../images/dialogs/link-visibility.png" alt="Layer Dialog" />
  474.                       <div class="caption">
  475.                         <p>
  476.                     Red: Linkage to others layers. Yellow: Visibility.
  477.                   </p>
  478.                       </div>
  479.                     </div>
  480.                   </div>
  481.                 </div>
  482.                 <br class="figure-break" />
  483.               </dd>
  484.               <dt>
  485.                 <span class="term">Size and boundaries</span>
  486.               </dt>
  487.               <dd>
  488.                 <a id="id2599819" class="indexterm"></a>
  489.                 <a id="id2599831" class="indexterm"></a>
  490.                 <p>
  491.             In GIMP, the boundaries of a layer do not necessarily match the
  492.             boundaries of the image that contains it. When you create text,
  493.             for example, each text item goes into its own separate layer, and
  494.             the layer is precisely sized to contain the text and nothing more.
  495.             Also, when you create a new layer using cut-and-paste, the new
  496.             layer is sized just large enough to contain the pasted item. In
  497.             the image window, the boundaries of the currently active layer are
  498.             shown outlined with a black-and-yellow dashed line.
  499.           </p>
  500.                 <p>
  501.             The main reason why this matters is that you cannot do anything to
  502.             a layer outside of its boundaries: you can't act on what doesn't
  503.             exist. If this causes you problems, you can alter the dimensions
  504.             of the layer using any of several commands that you can find near
  505.             the bottom of the <span class="guimenu">Layer</span> menu.
  506.           </p>
  507.                 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
  508.                   <table border="0" summary="Note">
  509.                     <tr>
  510.                       <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
  511.                         <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
  512.                       </td>
  513.                       <th align="left">Note</th>
  514.                     </tr>
  515.                     <tr>
  516.                       <td align="left" valign="top">
  517.                         <p>
  518.               The amount of memory that a layer consumes is determined by its
  519.               dimensions, not its contents. So, if you are working with large
  520.               images or images that contain many layers, it might pay off to
  521.               trim layers to the minimum possible size.
  522.             </p>
  523.                       </td>
  524.                     </tr>
  525.                   </table>
  526.                 </div>
  527.               </dd>
  528.               <dt>
  529.                 <span class="term">Opacity</span>
  530.               </dt>
  531.               <dd>
  532.                 <p>
  533.             The opacity of a layer determines the extent to which it lets
  534.             colors from layers beneath it in the stack show through. Opacity
  535.             ranges from 0 to 100, with 0 meaning complete transparency, and
  536.             100 meaning complete opacity.
  537.           </p>
  538.               </dd>
  539.               <dt>
  540.                 <span class="term">Mode</span>
  541.               </dt>
  542.               <dd>
  543.                 <p>
  544.             The Mode of a layer determines how colors from the layer are
  545.             combined with colors from the underlying layers to produce a
  546.             visible result. This is a sufficiently complex, and sufficiently
  547.             important, concept to deserve a section of its own, which follows.
  548.             See <a class="xref" href="gimp-concepts-layer-modes.html" title="2.¬† Layer Modes">Section¬†2, ‚Äú
  549.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Layer Modes</span>
  550.   ‚Äù</a>.
  551.           </p>
  552.               </dd>
  553.               <dt>
  554.                 <span class="term">Layer mask</span>
  555.               </dt>
  556.               <dd>
  557.                 <a id="id2599949" class="indexterm"></a>
  558.                 <p>
  559.             In addition to the alpha channel, there is another way to control
  560.             the transparency of a layer: by adding a
  561.             <span class="emphasis"><em>layer mask</em></span>,
  562.             which is an extra grayscale drawable associated with the layer.
  563.             A layer does not have a layer mask by default: it must be added
  564.             specifically. Layer masks, and how to work with them, are
  565.             described much more extensively in the
  566.             <a class="link" href="gimp-dialogs-structure.html#gimp-layer-mask" title="2.1.3.¬† Layer masks">Layer Mask</a> section.
  567.           </p>
  568.               </dd>
  569.               <dt>
  570.                 <span class="term">‚Äú<span class="quote">Lock alpha channel</span>‚Äù setting</span>
  571.               </dt>
  572.               <dd>
  573.                 <p>
  574.             In the upper left corner of the Layers dialog appears a small
  575.             checkbox that controls the ‚Äú<span class="quote">Lock</span>‚Äù
  576.             setting for the transparency of the layer (see the figure below).
  577.             If this is checked, then the alpha channel for the layer is
  578.             locked, and no manipulation has any effect on it. In particular,
  579.             nothing that you do to a transparent part of the layer will have
  580.             any effect.
  581.           </p>
  582.                 <div class="figure">
  583.                   <a id="id2600016"></a>
  584.                   <p class="title">
  585.                     <b>Figure¬†8.7.¬†
  586.               <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Lock Alpha channel</span>
  587.             </b>
  588.                   </p>
  589.                   <div class="figure-contents">
  590.                     <div class="mediaobject">
  591.                       <img src="../images/dialogs/lock-alpha.png" alt="Lock Alpha channel" />
  592.                     </div>
  593.                   </div>
  594.                 </div>
  595.                 <br class="figure-break" />
  596.               </dd>
  597.             </dl>
  598.           </div>
  599.         </div>
  600.       </div>
  601.     </div>
  602.     <div class="navfooter">
  603.       <hr />
  604.       <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
  605.         <tr>
  606.           <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-using-rectangular.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a>¬†</td>
  607.           <td width="20%" align="center">
  608.             <a accesskey="u" href="pt02.html">
  609.               <img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up" />
  610.             </a>
  611.           </td>
  612.           <td width="40%" align="right">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="gimp-concepts-layer-modes.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
  613.         </tr>
  614.         <tr>
  615.           <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-using-rectangular.html">13.2.¬†
  616.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creating a Basic Shape</span>
  617.     </a>¬†</td>
  618.           <td width="20%" align="center">
  619.             <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">
  620.               <img src="../images/home.png" alt="Home" />
  621.             </a>
  622.           </td>
  623.           <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="gimp-concepts-layer-modes.html">2.¬†
  624.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Layer Modes</span>
  625.   </a></td>
  626.         </tr>
  627.       </table>
  628.     </div>
  629.   </body>
  630. </html>
  631.