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@START@ATW BBS List BBS's Proudly Carrying "Across The Wire" Magazine ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ NOTE: It is important to run the UPLOAD.EXE MONTHLY and to not keep uploading the same *.ATW file every month. Running the UPLOAD.EXE file ensures us of having the most recent information from the readers!! All BBS's with a date of 2/96 will be removed from the Aug 96 Listing unless we receive your log files. Alabama ~~~~~~~ UP ALL NIGHT BBS MAX2000 334-347-3001 5/96 @Liberty Alan Albert 205-245-9139 6/96 Alaska ~~~~~~ Arkansas ~~~~~~~~ Jackalope Junction Steve Prado 501-785-5381 2/96 Arizona ~~~~~~~ PC-Arizona BBS Ron Keane 602-423-0640 2/96 PharmAZcy Online! Michael Guzzo 602-955-3835 5/96 American Travelers BBS Larry Crabbe 602-978-6505 6/96 California ~~~~~~~~~~ The Launch Pad BBS Rick Olsen 805-734-3878 5/96 Alberhill Online! Jeremy Preece 909-245-2232 6/96 ATTENTION to Details BBS Clint Bradford 909-681-6221 6/95 The LOONEY BBS Dan Looney 916-366-0375 7/96 Omni Charles Meadows 916-388-0905 7/96 The Next Generation BBS Dave Schoonover 209-874-5148 2/96 WEST LOS ANGELES BBS Gary Inman 310-559-5333 7/96 Community Access BBS Mark Liddington 510-679-8858 3/96 In The Heat Of The Nite Net Dracula 209-383-4121 6/96 Computer One Ed Baker 818-763-0678 4/96 A Helping Hand BBS! Scott & Alice Leighton 714-951-7311 7/96 Voyager BBS Ron Ferdick 209-388-0385 5/96 Knothole Floyd Shell 916-726-4098 7/96 Colorado ~~~~~~~~ The Mars Hotel Cap Bateman 303-360-6626 7/96 The Saturday Knights BBS Don Johnson 303-420-8927 7/96 NetComm BBS Bill Watts 303-730-7045 7/96 Connecticut ~~~~~~~~~~~ Needful Things Delton Perez 203-756-1105 5/96 The Light bbs... Dennis Coyle 203-230-8204 7/96 Delaware ~~~~~~~~ Renegade's Cove Dave Osburn 302-653-1467 7/96 Florida ~~~~~~~ EastSide System David Lane 407-337-1274 2/96 Jupiter BBS Services Ted Parsons 407-575-3853 7/96 Barney's PipeLine! BBS Will Crain 407-728-7386 2/96 Treasure Coast Online Dean May 407-878-0790 5/96 The Dark Side BBS! Aubrey Presha 813-582-9214 7/96 Eyes & Ears BBS Jan Edward Morell 904-423-6699 2/96 Flapping Jack's Place Phil Edwards 904-563-1580 4/96 Wrinkles & Feathers BBS Marty Barel 904-939-8404 4/96 THE HANGOUT BBS Robin Gibson 904-651-5112 6/96 MainStreet Family Online Donald and Tami Servie Lumpkins 706-660-1131 2/96 EMail Connection Gordon Cunningham 954-563-5941 2/96 Mario's BirdHouse BBS Mike Maggi 941-498-5707 4/96 Communication Port BBS Dale Dumont 813-545-0111 7/96 Freddie's Nightmare Fred Pope 904-457-8929 5/96 The Higher Power Ralph Allen 407-466-1661 6/96 Georgia ~~~~~~~ MainStreet Family Online Donald and Tami Service Lumpkins 706-660-1131 6/96 The Eagle's Nest Keith Pointdexter 706-279-2911 6/96 Hawaii ~~~~~~ Sparks!BBS Anthony McCullough 808-682-9402 7/96 Tatt Chat! Steve Cotten 808-969-3698 6/96 Idaho ~~~~~ The UPPER ROOM BBS Steve McNutt 208-331-0082 7/96 Anita's Place BBS Anita Nikiforuk 208-666-4010 5/96 Illinois ~~~~~~~~ The Sojourner BBS Rick Flint 708-872-4096 6/96 The Trading Post BBS Ken & May Streetz 708-941-7095 7/96 The Snuffy BBS Marty Buchaus 815-464-0136 4/96 The Gamers Edge Gary Allgood 217-528-1427 7/96 AUDIO-VIDEO Concepts Online Greg Zoll 217-529-0239 6/96 The Darkroom BBS Dave Davidson 618-345-3663 6/96 The Mysterious Seas Bill Mapp 217-629-7336 7/96 Indiana ~~~~~~~ Nerdville BBS John Guarnero 219-736-4957 6/96 The Right Choice BBS Skip Howard 219-962-2132 6/96 The CyberSpace BBS Charlie Smith 317-856-9020 7/96 Graphic Station Tony Hite 812-426-0477 3/96 Indianapolis Computer Society BBS Dennis Teague 317-861-5739 5/96 Iowa ~~~~ Horseless Carriage Warren Miller 515-752-6554 7/96 Confession Corner BBS Jon Clemons 515-753-1106 5/96 The Proteus BBS (RBBS-PC) Robert Vander Broek 515-432-1965 7/96 Bear Facts ][ Bob Hindal 515-287-2008 7/96 Computer Support Hot-Line Robert McVey 515-246-1353 6/96 Kansas ~~~~~~ 501 EnterPrises BBS David Kreifels 316-326-3906 4/96 Kentucky ~~~~~~~~ The Little Bitty BBS Louis Luxemburg 502-933-7241 7/96 The REBEL BBS Mike James 502-633-7133 7/96 Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Doug Rogers 606-271-6611 6/96 The PartTime BBS! Travis Basham 502-241-6536 7/96 Empyrean Plains Lance Radebaugh 606-272-6696 7/96 Louisiana ~~~~~~~~~ Inner Sanctum Aaron Corcoran 504-334-1547 2/96 Maine ~~~~~ Diamond Viper BBS Glenn T. Rioux 207-783-8320 5/96 Maryland ~~~~~~~~ CRANk cRUz 410-377-2559 4/96 The Last DX Connection Pete Huber, K3ZR 301-805-8921 3/96 Bifrost Kevin Carlin 301-779-8375 4/96 Pooh's Corner BBS Pooh Bear 410-284-1158 7/96 Massachusettes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Nocturnal Charlie Kaczor 508-943-8411 3/96 ARCHIVES John Viera 508-995-0085 4/96 Horsin' Around! BBS Marie Plasse 413-731-5342 3/96 FourPlay BBS John Martin 508-372-1126 5/96 Michigan ~~~~~~~~ The Intensive Care Unit Ben Shaver 906-428-3250 6/96 ...No Carrier... Charon Cook 810-949-3809 7/96 Games World Online BBS Joker 810-792-1986 7/96 Minnesota ~~~~~~~~~ Middle Earth BBS Bruce Toothman 612-722-0623 6/96 Mississippi ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Eagles Den BBS Gary Trivanovich 601-396-9811 5/96 Under The Moon BBS Ken Boyink 601-686-7744 3/96 Missouri ~~~~~~~~ The Parson's Toys Bill Turner 314-774-3047 7/96 Adventure Zone BBS Keith Tiggemann 573-346-9644 7/96 The Ozark Palace BBS Wayne Stanley 573-346-1194 2/96 Montana ~~~~~~~ GENESIS Steve Geberth 406-761-2434 5/96 Nebraska ~~~~~~~~ Castle Keep BBS/Internet Services Jim Kerber 402-292-0789 5/96 Mid-West BBS Ernie Hundt 402-585-4482 3/96 Nevada ~~~~~~ Virtual Partners BBS Scott & Cindy Ramer 702-644-1731 6/96 The Music Hall II Paul Rudolf 702-356-5867 3/96 New Hampshire ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BRICKYARD BBS Don Foster 603-332-0419 2/96 New Jersey ~~~~~~~~~~ The Waterside BBS Darrin Hentze 201-641-5375 7/96 Space Station II Bob Meany 609-665-0969 6/96 The Spinning Wheels BBS Ken Bourke 908-781-0232 3/96 The Waste Land BBS Tom Stasyshyn 908-782-4974 6/96 PC Users Group of South Jersey Bob Meany 609-662-6923 6/96 Veterans Club George Siegrist 609-861-0329 7/96 New Mexico ~~~~~~~~~~ New York ~~~~~~~~ The Sanatorium! Barry Bogart 607-648-8565 5/96 Go Diamond! BBS Curtis Brewington 914-665-1725 6/96 Hidden Paradise BBS Dean Brooks 716-345-9800 6/96 North Carolina ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Gentle Breeze BBS Larry Beheler 704-657-6898 7/96 The Pig-Pen BBS Boss Hog 910-324-1703 6/96 Mayberry BBS Randy Culler 910-789-8183 4/96 Digital Visions BBS Chad Hedrick 919-492-6760 3/96 Tri County Online Rick McWilliams 919-492-4956 6/96 North Dakota ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Daedalus Online Davis Robinson 701-857-6090 4/96 Gamma World BBS Lance Powell 701-727-9811 2/96 Ohio ~~~~ The Edge of Insanity Dale Miracle 216-896-4251 7/96 Hall of Fame BBS Dennis Haddox 216-456-8856 7/96 The Light of Day BBS Eric Supple 216-327-1423 7/96 The Trading Post Frank McCourry 216-284-3025 7/96 Pegasus ]I[ Bob Delugach 216-677-3437 5/96 The NEST BBS Bruce Reusch 513-583-7574 7/96 Data Stream Ace 330-929-9097 7/96 The Other Side Karen Long 330-832-0565 6/96 FIRST TRY Ken Mathews 614-685-3013 6/96 Oklahoma ~~~~~~~~ Oregon ~~~~~~ WithDrawn Nik Bauer 503-557-3372 2/96 Emerald Online BBS Chuck Orton 503-343-1420 6/96 Pennsylvania ~~~~~~~~~~~~ T&J Software BBS Tom & Jane Wildoner 717-325-9481 7/96 The FreeLand BBS Marty Cox 717-636-0936 3/96 Stimpy's Sandbox Mark Friend 717-730-8504 7/96 Woody's NutHouse Jim Woodward 717-748-5728 2/96 The Northeast File Bank Stuart Wilson 717-876-0152 7/96 Blue Light Special Brad Peters (Fubar) 717-957-9230 2/96 Centinel Eric Lanius 717-852-8121 7/96 The Summit SearchLight Richard Lis 814-886-2563 7/96 Frank's Place BBS Frank Lisak 412-422-8246 5/96 The DataWerks Tom Czachor 717-489-0862 3/96 The Seeker's Place Anthony Phillips 610-237-6628 7/96 The Gutter D D Trikk 717-346-3034 6/96 Bird Brains Fernando Robles 610-437-4438 4/96 Swamp Gas's Saloon Sam Michaels 717-652-4382 7/96 South Carolina ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Monetta Boy's BBS Shuler Burton 803-685-6020 2/96 South Dakota ~~~~~~~~~~~~ South Dakota's first Rush Room Gaylen Hintz 605-793-2506 7/96 Tennesee ~~~~~~~~ The Tazewell BBS Jim Edmondson 615-626-0557 2/96 The Registry BBS Bill Kern 615-870-0794 2/96 Asgard BBS Eddie Nelson 423-878-8226 5/96 GameLand/2 BBS Michael Walker 423-977-9385 5/96 Texas ~~~~~ Tin Can BBS Rickey Starling 409-544-7098 6/96 Casa De La Luz Chuck Haynes 512-219-9853 3/96 Ralph Cody 512-339-7838 7/96 Dingle Delaware Cathy Keller 512-442-8145 7/96 Rusted Shut Eugene Lee 817-778-2828 7/96 The Cracker Box Bruce Goode 817-737-5436 5/96 WYCKED WAYZ! Jaymz Sommers 512-276-7470 5/96 Utah ~~~~ Virginia ~~~~~~~~ AD Public Message System James Goldbloom 703-998-2958 2/96 Servant of the Lord BBS Charles Wootten 804-590-2161 6/96 PowerBase BBS Chris Elliott 804-793-3618 5/96 EduComm BBS Keith Wright 804-838-1245 3/96 Little America BBS Tom Barstow 804-564-9013 3/96 The Northern Lights J.D. Barnidge 804-526-8278 7/96 Washington ~~~~~~~~~~ Tacoma Recovery Jim Short 206-589-3820 7/96 West Virginia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Wisconsin ~~~~~~~~~ The BIRCH BARK BBS James Fish 414-242-5070 3/96 The Binary Bicycle Scott Daniels 414-375-1877 6/96 MarLyn's Manor Marve & Lynn Heisler 414-432-1393 6/96 K-9 Korner RBBS Ron Mainguth 608-849-9796 4/96 NIKOhost BBS Christopher Nikolai 715-675-5756 7/96 The Buy and Sell BBS Ronald Hansen 414-764-9500 5/96 The Burlington BBS Gary R. Oaks 414-763-7834 7/96 Puerto Rico ~~~~~~~~~~~ Hurricane BBS Luis Benitez 809-781-4207 6/96 Puerto Rico Online Rafael Alcocer 809-745-1157 3/96 Canada ~~~~~~ The Midnight Oil BBS John Wagontall 403-329-3381 6/96 THN Systems Canada Dave Turner 416-255-2484 6/96 Playtime II BBS John Farrow 613-546-6604 6/96 The BBS Encounter Glenn Woerffel 905-737-4639 3/96 Powerline Riptide 519-884-6106 3/96 Link's Place Link! 519-472-8581 2/96 Platinum Communications Glenn Jarvis 905-770-9540 4/96 Thee Basement Jeff Demchuk 306-761-5289 2/96 Smooth Noodle Boot Darryl Schmidt 604-554-4497 2/96 PiRATe iSLeS Dom Tetreault 905-608-2880 4/96 Games Galore BBS Tim Sparrow 905-404-1802 7/96 Infinite Confusion Tyler Cranston 306-955-0993 6/96 Space STation SST Floffy 514-333-0862 7/96 Australia ~~~~~~~~~ Wicked City Jeff Ainsworth +61 7 273 3931 Music Talk Steve Gasson +61 8 327 0249 Ace BBS Peter Nitschke +61 8 357 8775 PC-Endeavour BBS Andy Hancock +61 8 725 4686 United Arab Emirates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ NPCserv BBS Elias Khoury 011971-5005-207 The Dream Land BBS Ibrahim Omar 009714-5005-419 Japan ~~~~~ HoneyTree BBS Dwight Collins 011-81-3117-62-8914 Portugal ~~~~~~~~ VISUS BBS Jose Camara 351-1-7968168 United Kingdom ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Juke Joint BBS Kurt Adkins +44-(0)161-230 6369 New Zealand ~~~~~~~~~~~ InverNet BBS Keiran O'Regan 643-2130-959 Netherlands ~~~~~~~~~~~ DISCOVERY BBS Marco Hiemstra +31-55-5431332 Mexico ~~~~~~ Mercurio BBS Victor Ramirez +52-28-40-14-12 How to get your BBS listed: 1. Run the program UPLOAD.EXE which is included with the ATW door. This program will ask you for some information and will then ZIP up the information and log file. The file created will be called xxxxxxxx.ATW - simply upload this file to T&J Software! T&J Software BBS 717-325-9481 3 Nodes - 28.8k Upload to ATW SUBMISSION file area. E-Mail to: tjsoft@postoffice.ptd.net Crash it to Fido 1:268/400 2. Your BBS will remain on the list indefinitely as long as the log files are sent to T&J Software at least ONCE every SIX months. 3. After lapsing for SIX months, your BBS listing will be removed. @START@Letter from Tom Greetings, I'm currently sitting here in Toronto Canada typing this letter trying to think of what I should type about (besides how wonderful Toronto is). The number one thing that comes to mind is the future of BBS'ing. I personally feel that the BBS community is dying a slow death. I really hate to say it, but it is true. I see it happening every day. Friends shutting down their BBS's, door registrations down 75% since August 1995, fewer callers calling, door authors not releasing any new projects, and the list goes on. Slowly but surely the internet is gobbling down the BBS community. As local internet access comes to small towns, villages, and borroughs (yes, we have borroughs in Pennsylvania) the gobbling will quickly turn into an all out food fest! Personally, I can only see four ways of surviving the slug fest: 1. Get on the internet. 2. Specialize. 3. Specialize. 4. Specialize. The first item is obvious, get on the internet and open your BBS to the entire world (via telnet, ftp, http, etc.). The rest may be a bit more obscure. You need to specialize your BBS in ONE area (or more if you can handle it) and be the one stop shop for this information. Another key word in the above sentence is INFORMATION. Correct, the Information Age is upon us. Several thousand years from now Information Age will be on the history charts along with Mesozoic and Bronze Ages. Pick an area (preferably something you are knowledgeable about) such as Environmental Information. Develop your WorldBBS into THE source for this information. Make it something the general public would pay for. The number one thing that has made large BBS systems flourish is keeping them FRESH! Keep adding information (remember that word) and keeping the "old" information up-to-date. Turn your WorldBBS into THE site on the net for the information you are providing. Another key is databases of information. By adding various informational databases to your WorldBBS you open up an entire subset of your BBS package. Users being able to do online searches for information (databases) on your system. Databases you create. Information you develop. Instead of having pages, files, and html screens of information (that others may "borrow" from your site) the database will force them to come to your site to search. When asked if I would do an html version of ATW, I declined. The problem with that is having a "single" site running it, with "links" from all over the world to that one site. It basically means my time is being spent in support of one person, I don't like the sounds of that. Thus the world through Tom's eyes.....<G> Do I want the BBS community to die? No! Do I think there is a "need" for BBS's? For Sure! I've made too many friends since 1990 to think otherwise. It's like growing up in a small town with lots of friends and good neighbors and then moving to the city, loosing close friends, having many neighbors, but not knowing them. Perhaps things will change as time goes on, I sure hope so. Well, before I depress myself any further...... See you next month! ...Tom @START@ATW Readers Questions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── MESSAGE FROM: SYSOP Nice Idea...I really like it! How can i get an ad on the magazine? Joker {Rick Longo} Games World Online BBS RESPONSE: Easy Rick! Keep sending the monthly log files and we'll keep your advertisment in the magazine! ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── MESSAGE FROM: Leah Brann Yuck! What's w/ all of this conservative stuff? RESPONSE: Simple! He contributes to the magazine! Writing articles and submitting them to ATW costs nothing, feel free! ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── MESSAGE FROM: Melanie Cavender Hi, I'm new here so I thought I'd say I really like your work. Keep it up. I'll keep on reading. RESPONSE: Thanks, we'll try! ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── @START@ ATW Policy Policy Statement for Across The Wire Monthly BBS Magazine: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ POLICY DATE: May 27, 1996 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ General Policy: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. No charge will be collected for access to this magazine. The door/magazine may be run on a pay BBS, but no additional charge will be claimed for access to this information. 2. Individual articles may contain there own copyright information. 3. The copyright notice on Across The Wire magazine is on source code and the door reader only. The following rules shall apply to all articles/screens submitted: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. T&J Software retains the right to refuse any article submitted for publication in Across The Wire magazine. 2. T&J Software reserves the right to modify/change the text of any articles submitted (for spelling and clarity only) for the magazine. 3. T&J Software reserves the right to refuse any ANSI screen submitted for publication in the magazine. BBS ANSI screens will be displayed pending room in the database. We don't want a bloated database filled strictly with BBS ads <G>. 4. BBS advertisements will only be included if the subject BBS is an active BBS carrying the magazine (regular uploading of the log file). 5. ANSI screens in "bad taste" will be rejected. How to Submit Articles: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. Articles should be uploaded to T&J Software BBS by the 21st of each month to be included in the next month's magazine. Articles can be uploaded to the following locations: T&J Software BBS 717-325-9481 3 Nodes - 28.8k Upload to ATW SUBMISSION file area. E-Mail to: tjsoft@postoffice.ptd.net Crash it to Fido 1:268/400 Submitting your BBS Name and Number for inclusion in the magazine: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. A BBS will only be added to the magazine BBS Listing if the sysop of the submitting BBS uploads the magazine log files on a monthly basis. 2. After six months of no magazine log files being sent to T&J Software, the BBS listing will be removed from the list. 3. No charges will be collected to include a BBS name in the listing or for advertising in an ANSI screen. Tom & Jane Wildoner T&J Software @START@Picture Books ages 4-8 Shadowville written and illustrated by Michael Bartalos Tick-Tock by Eileen Browne. Illustrated by David Parkins Kente Colors by Debbi Chocolate. Illustrated by John Ward NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5b Picture Books, ages 4-8 5/18/96 __ Shadowville_ written and illustrated by Michael Bartalos. Viking, 1995 (0-670-86161-8) $13.99 Whether they "surf, sail or come by whale," all shadows head towards Shadowville at night. This remarkably illustrated book shows what shadows get up to after their busy day is done: playing shadow sports and eating in the shadow restaurant (where oddly, they never gain an ounce.) Sharply defined, oddly angled black silhouettes, with faces that recall a 1950's aesthetic, create a surreal, fascinating land of Shadow-people; I was particularly fascinated by the Shadow Cacti, who walk from the Gobi with their arms out like Egyptians drawings, juggling buckets of water atop their hands. Although the rhyming text is innocuous and cheerful, there's something just a tad sinister about these pictures, which seems very appropriate to the subject. __ Tick-Tock_ by Eileen Browne. Illustrated by David Parkins. Candlewick, 1994 (1-56402-300-1) $14.95 (reprinted from the hardcover review, volume 2, number 38) The writer and illustrator of _No Problem_ (reviewed volume 1, number 15) have created another delightful mechanistic muddle. When Skip Squirrel's mom goes to the store, warning Skip not to jump on the chairs because something might get broken, it's not hard to guess what will happen next. Soon Skip and her friend Brainy are joyously bounding through the air--and right into Mom's prized cuckoo clock. "Don't panic," says Brainy. "We'll take it to Weasel. She fixes things." But Weasel's specialty is fixing bikes, and trying to fix the clock with some patches and air just doesn't do the trick. Hedgehog's attempts to put new soles on it at her Shoe Emporium are similarly unsuccessful. Finally Owl, after removing the patches, bike oil and shoe laces, manages to get the clock working just in time for Mom's arrival at four--but when the cuckoo comes out, they discover that Owl too, has left her individual mark on it, much to everyone's surprise... especially Mom's. With its zesty look at a familiar predicament and some absurd solutions, this silly story is irresistible. Parkins' goofy watercolors match it perfectly, with humor, animation and delectable little details that will provide hours of visual fun. As in _No Problem_, the all-female animal cast is drawn pleasingly gender-neutral, unencumbered by ribbons, skirts or batted eyelashes. __ Kente Colors_ by Debbi Chocolate. Illustrated by John Ward. Walker, 1996 (0-8027-8388-0) $15.95 In a joyful celebration of the symbolism of colors, this picture book relates the bright, rich colors in West African Kente fabrics to the people, customs and natural beauties of the land of their origin. The text is made up of simple but effective rhymes (or almost-rhymes): "Yellow Kente for pineapples sweet. Sunset Kente red and deep"; the illustration are vividly colored paintings, with contrasting Kente patterns as frames. I would have liked more information about Kente fabric than the book provides, but it is an evocative introduction to West African culture. @START@Picture Books 4-8 From: "Wendy E. Betts" <web@armory.com> Date: 24 May 1996 22:02:33 GMT * Custard the Dragon and the Wicked Knight by Ogden Nash. Illustrated by Lynn Munsinger Nina Bonita by Ana Maria Machado. Illustrated by Rosana Fara * The Trouble With Mister by Debra Keller. Illustrated by Shannon McNeill NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5c Picture Books, ages 4-8 5/22/96 __ Custard the Dragon and the Wicked Knight_ by Ogden Nash. Illustrated by Lynn Munsinger. Little, Brown, 1996 (0-316-59882-8) $14.95 Custard, the sweet, shy hero of _The Tale of Custard the Dragon_ (reviewed volume 3, number 6e) returns to prove once again that even a cowardly dragon can be brave. When maiden Belinda is kidnapped by the wicked Sir Garagoyle--who's twice as big as a big gorilla and covered in armor like an armadilla--her swaggering pets Ink, Blink and Mustard are suddenly extremely busy elsewhere. It's up to Custard to tackle the fierce knight and rescue Belinda from his dismal dungeon. Once again, Munsinger's witty pen & ink and watercolor illustrations bring the loveable dragon, stuck-up pets and (usually) unflappable Belinda to life. The depiction of Belinda is especially charming--a plain little girl whose fairy-tale maiden status is denoted by the princess headdress she always wears, tied under her chin. (A spare can be seen on her hatstand.) Nash's hilarious verses paint vivid images on their own, but now that they've been matched with these pictures, it's hard to imagine them in any other context. * __ Nina Bonita_ by Ana Maria Machado. Illustrated by Rosana Fara. Kane/Miller, 1996 (0-916291-63-4) $9.95 Nina Bonita is a beautiful little Brazilian girl, with eyes "like two shiny black olives" and skin as dark and glossy as "a panther in the rain." Her neighbor, a white rabbit with pink ears, thinks that Nina Bonita is the loveliest person he's ever seen and longs to have a daughter just like her--but when he asks Nina for the secret that makes her skin so dark and pretty, Nina makes a few wild guesses, with some pretty silly results for the rabbit, who tries spilling ink on himself, drinking coffee, and eating blackberries until he can barely move. Finally Nina's mother decides to set things straight, telling the rabbit that Nina looks just like her grandmother. With that in mind, the white rabbit finds a lovely black rabbit to marry and soon has a delightful family of every color and shade. Originally published in Brazil, _Nina Bonita_ brings a carefree simplicity to the subjects of skin color and multi-racial families that few American books can match. It may, in fact, seem overly simplistic to an American audience, but I found it rather relaxing to see the volatile issues treated so matter-of-factly, like a glimpse of an ideal world. The illustrations amply justify the rabbit's viewpoint, showing an exquisitely beautiful girl with a cloud of smoky hair, whose dark skin glows richly amid the pastel background showing life in Brazil. __ The Trouble With Mister_ by Debra Keller. Illustrated by Shannon McNeill. Chronicle, 1995 (0-8118-0358-9) $13.95 An enchanting tribute to the power of love and imagination, this is the story of a boy who wants a dog so badly, he manages to create one. Mister is a huge purple dog, with one green eye, one blue eye, and yellow socks on his paws to keep him warm in the winter. At first he only exists on the paper on which Alex drew him, folded over and over to be pocket sized--but then one fateful night, Mister comes to life! Alex is thrilled to be able to play with his pet, but when he wakes up in the morning, Mister is gone. Has he finally gotten a dog only to lose him? Illustrated with wacky, slightly surreal pictures that have an almost 3-D effect--except for Mister, who is charmingly water-colored, even when alive--this is a funny, tender and wondrous story. Children may be confused about Mister's abrupt changes from paper to real to paper again, but it's the sort of confusion that leads to new thoughts and discoveries. * @START@NET.SEARCH REVIEW: Net.Search, William Eager et al, QUE Corporation, 1995 Net.Search is about finding information on the Internet As we all know, there is a lot of material and information there - the question is how and where to find it. Its fairly simple once you know the tricks. I have reviewed a couple of Bill Eager's books in the past and found that this title which is a group effort is a good way to start learning how to perform searches on the net. The first questions Net.Search addresses are what kind of information can be found on the Internet and how to search for what you want. Other important areas covered are strategies for effective searching, databases, search tools such as Gopher, Veronica and WAIS. Web searching is also covered and includes information onWebCrawler, Lycos and Yahoo. File transfer is also detailed and how to search for files using Archie through the Web, Telnet and even by e-mail for those whose access is limited to mail only. While on the subject of files, the author-team covers UUencoding, compressing and uncompressing files using PKZip and other utilities, viewing pictures and listening to audio. Another important area addressed in Net.Search is copyright issues - both copyright law and software licensing. Then there's some material on newsgroups and mailing lists with instructions on using both including searching for those that are of interest to you. Finally there are some advanced techniques covering database search engines and Boolean and natural languale searching. This book addresses a definite need today - how to find things on the Net. There are now books on using specific Net searching tools but Net.Search gives everyone from the casual to accomplished users a comprehensive overview of most of them in one volume. %T Net.Search %A William Eager, Larry Donahue, David Forsyth, Kenneth Milton and Martin Waterhouse %I QUE %C Indianapolis Indiana %D 1995 %O $24.99 USA, $33.99 Canada %G ISBN: 0-7897-0242-8 %P 387 pahes, paperbound %K Internet, Communications/Online (C) 1996 Michael Crestohl Nahant Massachusetts USA mc@shore.net @START@NET VOTE REVIEW: Net Vote - Follow the 1996 Campaign Online! Greenberg & Miller This book (actually two of them) seems to be a good bit of fun. Election campaigns are serious business - there's a lot at stake. Most of us find the numerous campaigns tiresome at best after the candidates have been chosen. There are two versions of Net Vote - one for Democrats with Bill & Al on the cover and one for Republicans with Bob and Newt. The contents however are identical. Politicians are quick to jump on anything that will get their name and platform before the electorate. The Net is so powerful a tool that any politico in his right mind will try to harness it. All the presidential candidates have (or had) home pages and several are now offline. This book was probably written before the New Hampshire primary and some of the hopefuls are no longer around. But for those who are still in the running, their home pages have become glossier and slicker complete with sound and videos. Some of the more interesting places to visit are the sites of the "also-rans" - the more obscure guys trying to be elected President. We don't hear much about them through local media and several of these candidates have a certain amount of entertainment value. Also there are several of the more interesting parties, issues and personalities. I found Net Vote an interesting directory of politically-oriented Net and Web sites but better get it quick - because after November its going to be a souvenir - a remembrance of campaign 1996 when the hoopla is all over. %T Net Vote - Follow the 1996 Campaign Online! %A Ben Greenberg & Kristin Miller %I Michael Wolff & Company Publishing %C New York, NY %D 1996 %O $12.95 %G ISBN: 0-679-77028-3 Democratic Edition 0-679-77028-4 Republican Edition %P 183 pages %K USA politics, 1996 elections (C) 1996 Michael Crestohl Nahant Massachusetts USA mc@shore.net @START@YA Fantasy & Science Fiction Singularity by William Sleator The Night the Heads Came by William Sleator If I Should Die Before I Wake by Han Nolan NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5f Young Adult Fiction: Fantasy & SF 5/26/96 __ Singularity_ by William Sleator. Dutton, 1985; Puffin, 1995 (0-14-037598-8) $3.99 pb One of Sleator's most interesting stories, this is a fast-paced yet thoughtful look at the relationship between time and change, a coming-of-age story with a terrific science-fiction twist. Harry and Barry are twins, yet somehow Harry always feels young and foolish next to his more aggressive brother. When they discover an amazing secret--a playhouse in which time moves thousands of times faster than normal--Barry immediately takes control and refuses to let Harry tell anyone, even after Harry deduces that the playhouse may be a gateway to another universe, and an extremely toothy monster (visible through its reflection in water) may be approaching their world through it. That's when Harry realizes that the special properties of the playhouse may be just what needs to change the balance of power in their relationship, and he locks himself away for what will be a year to him--yet only a night to Barry. He wants to be the older brother--but what he doesn't expect is that what started as an act of jealous defiance would become a spiritual journey. Although Sleator's prose is fairly lightweight, the basic themes of this story are quite profound. The effects of Harry's year in the playhouse are beautifully imagined; his growing inner serenity, even in the face of the approaching menace, change the tone of the book from scary thrills to contemplative wisdom. It's totally unexpected-- and completely enthralling. __ The Night the Heads Came_ by William Sleator. Dutton, 1996 (0-525-45463-2) $15.99 Sleator's latest science fiction thriller is a rather disappointing "alien abduction" story with an implausible environmental twist. When Leo and his artist friend Tim are captured by bizarre, bodiless aliens,only Leo is returned--with his memory erased and a mind-controlling implant in his ear. Accused of foul play by TimUs parents--who strangely seem more concerned about the $357 Tim was carrying than about their lost son--Leo is sent to a hypnotist, who "uncovers" a patently ridiculous memory of an abduction by little green men. Then Tim returns, with a stack of nightmarish drawings and a confused story about dangerous aliens called The Others. . . leaving Leo to try and figure out which of his memories are real, what the aliens want from him and his friend, and just whose side he should be on. As is often the case with Sleator's books, _The Night the Heads Came_ is long on plot and action but short on detail and characterization; in fact its present tense narrative is terse to the point of resembling a rough draft, with none of the smooth inevitable-feeling unfolding of events that made previous Sleator books like _Interstellar Pig_ so chilling. Still, I have to admit its grisly aliens gave me quite a case of the heebie-jeebies. __ If I Should Die Before I Wake_ by Han Nolan. Harcourt Brace, 1994 (0-15-238040-X) $16.95; 1996 (0-15-238041-8) $6.00 pb (Reprinted from the hardcover review, volume 2, number 39) Hilary, a young member of the "Aryan Warriors," a Neo-Nazi organization, lies in a coma after a motorcycle accident. Seemingly lifeless, her mind still works furiously, ceaselessly spewing a torrent of hate for her mother and for Jews, whom she blames for her fatherUs death. Then she finds her consciousness slipping away--into the body of a girl called Chana, a Jewish girl who lived during the Holocaust, 50 years before. At first Hilary thinks her visions are a meaningless dream and refuses to accept their significance, but they keep coming. Inside Chana, Hilary experiences the fear, pain, loss and despair of the Jews in the Nazi ghettos and concentration camps, becoming one with her in her suffering until she can no longer tell where Chana's life ends and hers begins. The inherent power of this story is somewhat marred by an ambitious narrative style that isn't completely successful. Hilary's tormented inner voice, half watered-down expletives and half confused flashbacks, does not give a convincing explanation of her anti-semitism. Chana's narrative works better, especially as it become the focal point of the novel: the recreation of the physical and emotional horrors of the Holocaust is vivid and soul-wrenching. (At one point, Chana realizes that the smell of Auschwitz is that of "human flesh, human hair and bones burning. I was drenched in it, choking with it, but I knew that in order for me to live, I had to breathe, I had to inhale this residue of someone else's life.") Chana's story, describing in bitter detail her efforts to keep both her body and spirit alive, builds in power until finally the war is over and she has survived--in part, as her intuitive grandmother tells her, because Hilary's spirit was with her. "She was the brave Chana, the strong Chana, the Chana who could cry and mourn so many deaths, so much destruction, so that you wouldn't have to. . . Your _shvester_, your other self, kept your soul alive." In a deeply moving ending, the separate spirits of the two girls talk to each other for the first time--only now Chana is the old woman she is in Hilary's time, another patient in the hospital. By sharing her experiences with Hilary she has saved her life, just as Hilary's presence saved _hers_ in the past. And now, she tells Hilary, it is her turn to share what she knows with others, to be a witness: "I reached out to you. I touched you. I screamed, and you heard. . . In hearing me, in understanding me, you have given my past new meaning. It will change the meaning of your past as well, and someday your life as an angry child who has turned her hate to love will change still another life." @START@Rhyming Books ages 2-6 While You Sleep by Julia Moore. Illustrated by Lyn Gilbert "I Don't Care" Said the Bear written and illustrated by Colin West Toddlerobics written and illustrated by Zita Newcome Eek! There's a Mouse in the House written and illustrated by Wong Herbert Yee NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5g Picture Books: Rhyming, ages 2-6 5/27/96 __ While You Sleep_ by Julia Moore. Illustrated by Lyn Gilbert. Dutton, 1996 (0-525-45462-4) $11.99 Lyrical, evocative, yet very simple, this is a sweet and soothing lullaby that describes the activities of the outside world, where "sea plants sway, clown fish play, sunflowers bloom, hummingbirds zoom," all "while you sleep." Possibly some toddlers may find this more intriguing then soporific, but the general effect is lulling and comforting. Lush, glowing pictures show a variety of different natural landscapes, peacefully inhabited. (2-4) __ "I Don't Care" Said the Bear_ written and illustrated by Colin West. Candlewick, 1996 (1-56402-807-0) $9.99 As the bear walks around "with his nose in the air," he takes no heed of the small voice that warns him of "a moose on the loose and a bad-tempered goose." Even "a pig who is big and a snake from the lake" don't rattle him--but when the bear realizes that the voice that's been warning him belongs to a teeny-weeny mouse, he runs off in terror, leaving the other animals in stitches. This is a fun look at a familiar theme, with a repetitive text that reads aloud nicely. West's watercolor pictures are appropriately silly and expressive, particularly the snooty bear and the very clearly ticked-off goose. (2-4) __ Toddlerobics_ written and illustrated by Zita Newcome. Candlewick, 1996 (1-56402-809-7) $14.99 Eight energetic toddlers take us through an exhilarating workout in this animated rhyming book. In "toddler gym" the exuberant youngsters "stretch up high and touch the sky," to begin their playful exercises; young listeners who have been getting restless will be happy to join them. Beginning readers may also enjoy reading--and acting out--this book with younger siblings, and just a touch of exercise class parody is amusing for adult readers, without going over the top. The watercolors pictures of brightly outfitted toddlers against a white background are lively and cute, a bit in the plump, rosy-cheeked style of the Anholts' books. (2-6/4-6) __ Eek! There's a Mouse in the House_ written and illustrated by Wong Herbert Yee. Houghton Mifflin, 1992; 1995 (0-395-72029-X) $4.95 pb and cassette tape (reprinted from the hardcover review, volume 3, number 7b) When a little girl spots a mouse in her house, she send in the Cat to chase it. But then the Cat knocks over a lamp, so she has to send in the Dog to catch it. . . and soon the house is so full of animals, she has to send in the Elephant to chase them all out. . . except for the mouse. With a light rhyming text and pictures that get increasingly chaotic and absurd as each new animal joins in, this is a very funny and enjoyable read. The cheerfully nonchalant expressions of the animals are especially delightful, as they scamper and dance through the house, playing with everything they see and painting a surreal picture of what animals might get up to if they only could. This book and tape package comes in a handy plastic "carry-along case." The tape, with "turn the page" signals on one side and a plain version on the other features a slow, expressive reading by Will Hines and a chirpy, noisy, repetitive soundtrack reminiscent of Merry-Go-Round music. (2-6/4-6) @START@Visual Activities ages 3-10 Just Look photographed by Tana Hoban Animal Faces by Kyoko Toda. Photographed by Akira Satoh NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5h Picture Books: Visual Activity, ages 3-10 5/29/96 __ Just Look_ photographed by Tana Hoban. Greenwillow, 1996 (0-688-14040-8) $16.00 In this wordless book, die-cut pages and photographs offer readers three distinct ways of looking at everyday objects: a section seen through a circle, the object itself, and the object in its background. For example, a luminous pink ball with odd red lines is revealed as the inside of a rabbit's ear; turning the page shows us a a group of rabbits from a distance. This is a remarkably effective way to show the aesthetic value of objects we would normally not give a second glance--a reminder of the fun we can have with our eyes just about anywhere. __ Animal Faces_ by Kyoko Toda. Translated by Amanda Mayer Stinchecum. Photographed by Akira Satoh. Kane/Miller, 1996 (0-916291-62-6) $16.95 Extremely entertaining as well as educational, this charming book from Japan shows that all animals are unique individuals. Each two-page spread is devoted to a particular type of animal represented by 21 different photographs. A brief description of the animal is followed by a question for readers to ponder as they look at the photos: "What helps you tell one giraffe face from another?" "Can you spot the orangutans who look ready for mischief?" (Almost all of them, I thought.) The astonishing variety of expressions the different animals display is quite fascinating and makes the touch of anthropomorphism in the text easy to forgive. An underlying theme of the book is the threat of extinction many animals face. The page about wolves is particularly effective: after noting that wolves have been killed off in Japan because they were thought to be dangerous, the book asks "Do these wolves look especially dangerous to you?" while showing utterly beguiling photos of doglike, sad-eyed creatures. (A few scary ones do help explain how they got that reputation.) Unusually long for a picture book, _Animal Faces_ covers 24 different animals, showing 504 different faces--each more intriguing than the last. Not only does it provide hours of visual fun, it leaves readers more interested in the world around them--unlike finding Waldo one more time. @START@Nonfiction Culture/Society ages 9 & up City Within a City: How Kids Live in New YorkUs Chinatown by Kathleen Krull. Illustrated by David Hautzig The Other Side: How Kids Live in a California Latino Neighborhood by Kathleen Krull. Illustrated by David Hautzig * Bar Mitzvah by Eric A. Kimmel Bat Mitzvah by Barbara Diamond Goldin Young, Gay and Proud edited by Don Romesburg The Journey Out by Rachel Pollack and Cheryl Schwartz NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5i Nonfiction: Society/Culture, ages 9 & up 5/29/96 __ City Within a City: How Kids Live in New York's Chinatown_ & _The Other Side: How Kids Live in a California Latino Neighborhood_ by Kathleen Krull. Illustrated by David Hautzig. Lodestar, 1994 (0-525-67437-3; 0-525-67438-1) $15.99 each; Puffin, 1996 (0-14-036520-6; 0-14-03621-4) $6.99 each pb (reprinted from the hardcover review, volume 2, number 54) These titles in the "World of My Own" series are an interesting look into the lives of American children who belong to two cultures: the outside world of "typical" American life, and the often vastly different inner world of ethnic neighborhoods. Each book explores the lives of several children, describing the different ways in which their multicultural background affects their relationships with family, friends and outsiders to their home world, as they try to maintain a sometimes difficult balance between the comforts of assimilation and the values of their ethnic culture. Plentiful colored photographs give a very good sense of what these neighborhoods look and feel like, with sidebars offering further historical and cultural background about them. The simplistic text is somewhat less effective, often reading as if the author is merely reporting the childrenUs answers to survey-like questions, without going into any depth. But for the most part it succeeds in what it tries to do, discussing everyday details that will resonant with young readers--Chao's fights with his mother over whether to watch a Chinese or American TV station, for example. Using more than one child's voice is effective, showing that there are different reactions to the multicultural experience (Sze Ki thinks Chinese comedies are funnier than American ones), as well as similarities. (9-13) __ Bar Mitzvah_ by Eric A. Kimmel. Viking, 1995 (0-670-85540-5) $15.00 __ Bat Mitzvah_ by Barbara Diamond Goldin. Viking, 1996 (0-670-86034-4) $14.99 These companion volumes examine the religious, social and personal significance of the ancient coming of age ceremony for Jewish boys and the fairly recently created parallel ceremony for Jewish girls. The two books have somewhat different flavors: _Bar Mitzvah_ concentrates on explaining the many meanings behind the traditional ceremony, while _Bat Mitzvah_ is more of a handbook for girls preparing their ceremony--which having no set traditions, can be celebrated in many different ways. Both books use stories and interviews to convey the deep spiritual meaning the coming of age ceremony can have for Jewish adolescents; _Bar Mitzvah_ is particularly stirring, with the author's passion for his subject quite evident. * (11 & up) __ Young, Gay and Proud_ edited by Don Romesburg. Illustrated by Michael Willhoite. AlyCat, 1995 (1-55583-279-2) $5.95 pb Originally published as a groundbreaking pamphlet for gay teens, _Young, Gay and Proud_ has now been revised for the fourth time, to address the needs of gay teens in the 90's. Combining factual chapters on myths, safe sex, coming out and so forth with personal essays by gay teenagers, it's an outspoken and thorough handbook designed to help answer the many questions young people have when they first begin to realize they're "not like everybody else." In fact, as these statistics and personal accounts show, although they may not be like _everybody_ else, they're certainly not alone. Although it is no longer the only book of its kind (see the following review of _The Journey Out_) _Young, Gay and Proud_ has the advantage of being written mostly by young people and being published by a small press; consequently, its narrative voices feel comradely--even more so when they're occasionally a bit naive--and it's not afraid to be quite blunt about sex. This may make it vulnerable to censorship, but with the suicide rate for gay teens still shockingly high, this is a book that every school and library with young adult patrons should try to make available. (14 & up) __ The Journey Out_ by Rachel Pollack and Cheryl Schwartz. Viking, 1995 (0-670-85845-5) $14.99; Puffin, 1995 (0-14-037254-7) $6.99 pb Covering much of the same material as _Young, Gay and Proud_, _The Journey Out_ has a more balanced, comprehensive and authoritative tone, which may make it a more popular choice with schools and libraries, as well as with some readers. Although strongly and completely gay-positive, it also feels more accessible to straight readers, which makes it an excellent choice for classroom use. I found it generally the more appealing book, in terms of both text and design--but both have their merits. (12 & up) @START@Fiction ages 6-9 Trouble Will Find You by Joan M. Lexau. Illustrated by Michael Chesworth The Magic Finger by Roald Dahl. Illustrated by Quentin Blake Owen Foote, Second Grade Strongman. Illustrated by Dee DeRosa NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5j Children's Fiction, ages 6-9 5/31/96 __ Trouble Will Find You_ by Joan M. Lexau. Illustrated by Michael Chesworth. Houghton Mifflin, 1994; Avon Camelot, 1996 (0-380-72565-7) $3.99 pb "Stay out of trouble one day," says Diz's father. "Then you can have a dog." Surely Diz can do it--after all, he never _means_ to get into trouble, it just happens. Little does he know that his efforts to stay out of trouble are going to lead to finding a valuable ruby, catching a burglar, rescuing four homeless puppies and finally making his dream come true. Although it's nicely characterized and often quite funny, this story has a dated feel that may not appeal to young readers used to more sophisticated fare. (6-8) __ The Magic Finger_ by Roald Dahl. Illustrated by Quentin Blake. 1966; Viking, 1995 (0-670-85252-X) $14.99 Revenge has never been sweeter--or sillier--than in this lively story about a little girl with some very strong opinions and a very strong way of expressing them. She doesn't really want to hurt anyone--but when she gets mad, she starts to see red, and suddenly her Magic Finger sends out an electric flash and "things begin to happen." When her neighbors the Gregg family refuse to stop hunting animals and birds, the little girl sees red. The next thing they know, the Greggs are nesting in a tree while a giant family of ducks moves into their house, to lie on William's bed, play with Phillip's electric train--and hold Mr. Gregg's gun. . . All ends happily though, with the Gregg's thoroughly chastened and converted to the anti-hunting movement. Blake's expressive, whimsical pen & ink drawings are perfect to illustrate this oddball story, which also makes a fun read-aloud. (6-8) __ Owen Foote, Second Grade Strongman_ by Stephanie Greene. Illustrated by Dee DeRosa. Clarion, 1996 (0-395-72098-2) $14.95 "Parents always said things like that. They said names could never hurt you. But kids were smarter. They knew they could." More than anything, Owen hates being short. His best friend Joseph says it's worse being fat, but Owen knows he's wrong: "Being small was practically the worst thing that could happen to you. Unless you were small, you couldn't understand." But when the most terrible day of the year arrives, height-and-weight-chart day, Owen is for once left unscathed by the nurse's booming remarks; it is Joseph who is publicly humiliated. Owen rushes to his friend's defense--and is suddenly in big, big trouble. With believable depictions of childhood relationships and concerns, this warm and funny book gently conveys a positive message about size and character without ever losing its empathetic insight into childhood feelings. Owen's legitimate dread of height-and-weight- chart day will strike familiar chords in many readers, as will his difficulty in getting any adults to really understand his problem. I was a little unsatisfied by the conclusion, in which Mrs. Jackson agrees she shouldn't make personal remarks that everyone can hear; it doesn't seem to occur to anyone, including the author, that she shouldn't make them at all. But aside from that personal quibble, I found this to be a very likeable and encouraging story. (6-9) @START@Counting Books ages 3-8 Dinner at the Panda Palace by Stephanie Calmenson. Illustrated by Nadine Bernard Westcott One, Two, Three, Count With Me written and illustrated by Catherine and Laurence Anholt Dragon Naps by Lynne Betrand. Illustrated by Janet Street NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 5l Picture Books: Counting/Numbers, ages 3-8 5/31/96 __ Dinner at the Panda Palace_ by Stephanie Calmenson. Illustrated by Nadine Bernard Westcott. HarperTrophy, 1996 (0-69470-054-1) $7.95 pb and cassette tape The joint is really jumping at Mr. Panda's restaurant, when a hungry elephant comes in lugging his trunk, two tired lions arrive, happy to shed their royals robes, three pigs dash in trying to lose a wolf and a group of four peacocks walks in with heads held up high. Eventually fifty-five diners fill the Panda Palace--but helpful Mr. Panda can always find room for one more. Basic counting has rarely been more delightfully reinforced than in this infectiously fun story. The effortlessly rhyming text and lively watercolors build on each other perfectly, offering a wealth of comic details about the customers, who each have an individual and appropriate style of dress and taste in food. This book and cassette package includes a reading by Russell Horton, who does a nice job of giving different voices to each animal. Beginning readers can read along with "turn-the-page" cues or enjoy a plain version on the other side. (3-8/4-8) __ One, Two, Three, Count With Me_ written and illustrated by Catherine and Laurence Anholt. Viking, 1994 (0-670-85261-9) $12.99; Puffin, 1996 (0-14-055596-X) $4.99 pb (reprinted from the hardcover review, volume 2, number 41) This counting book offers a lot of textual support for its small, whimsical drawings, making it an excellent choice for those who have already learned the numbers from one to ten but still need counting practice. The rhyming text encourages the reader to participate, while each page offers different kinds of items to count, making it a new game each time. An unusual touch is an increasing level of difficulty: in the first pages, items are grouped from one to ten, but in later pages they're out of order, offering a new challenge and a more flexible approach. The cute little pictures are clearly defined and also fun to look at, although the Anholt's apple-cheeked children are sometimes a bit too precious for my tastes. (3-8) __ Dragon Naps_ by Lynne Betrand. Illustrated by Janet Street. Viking, 1996 (0-670-85403-4) $14.99 "_One_ day, _two_ dragons' mothers said these _three_ words: `Time for naps.'" The two dragons hate napping, but they dutifully go upstairs, to pass the time as best they can, including thinking of _twelve_ places they'd like to go on vacation, _thirteen_ things they'd buy (including beds with escape hatches), and fourteen things they can't stand (naps are number 13). It's not really a counting book and the mildly subversive humor of this story can be enjoyed for its own sake, but readers learning number progressions will also enjoy the clever construction of the text. Street's witty pictures match the wry tone of the text, capturing the painful boredom of the dragons without becoming boring themselves; in a funny twist on traditional counting book style, each page which includes a written number also shows the numeral in an appropriate place in the illustrations--a fifteen watt light bulb, for example. (3-8) @START@Young Adult Novels Rats Saw God by Rob Thomas Tomorrow, When the War Began by John Marsden NOTES FROM THE WINDOWSILL ISSN 1078-8697 An electronic journal of book reviews. Copyright 1996 Wendy E. Betts. Reproduction for personal and non-profit use is permitted only if this copyright notice is retained. Any other reproduction is prohibited without permission. Mail web@armory.com with comments or questions. For info and archives, see http://www.armory.com/~web/notes.html Vol. 4, No. 6a Young Adult Novels 6/4/96 __ Rats Saw God_ by Rob Thomas. Simon & Schuster, 1996 (0-689-80207-2) $17.00 Introducing a promising new voice in young adult fiction, _Rats Saw God_ is a hip, funny yet intensely felt portrait at a bright, smartass, very unhappy teenager who discovers that for most of his life he's been a rebel without a clue. In almost no time and for no apparent reason, Steve York has gone from being a 4.0 student with near perfect attendance to an almost dropped-out "pothead." When DeMouy, the school counselors asks "Do you mind telling me how someone who makes a 760 verbal on his SAT fails English?" Steve replies "I couldn't make it all the way through _The Outsiders_ again." But Steve does care enough about school to want to graduate--and he needs that English credit. And so he agrees to make it up by writing a hundred page paper and decides, for once, to take the classic advice and write about what he knows. "I hoped DeMouy would appreciate what I was about to do. In order to bypass summer school, I was set to open wounds that had never really healed." Alternating between descriptions of his current life and his first two years at Grace High School, Steve tells the story of his antagonistic relationship with his famous father (always dismissively referred to as "the astronaut"), his creative involvement in GOD (Grace Order of Dadaists), and how his heart was "run through frappe, puree, and liquify on a love blender" by fellow Dadaist Wanda, aka Dub. In the process, he begins to understand things about himself--and his father, and Dub--that he hadn't realized before. And he finds those opened wounds beginning to heal. Narrated with about equal amounts of wit and teenaged angst, _Rats Saw God_ is a very believable look at a particular kind of high school experience. The long description of the progress of Steve's relationship with Dub drags a little and his transformation at the end seems overdone for dramatic effect, but the story as a whole is insightful and compelling. __ Tomorrow, When the War Began_ by John Marsden. Houghton Mifflin, 1995 (0-395-70673-4) $13.95 For Ellie and her friends, the end of a carefree camping trip in the Australian bush becomes a bizarre nightmare when they return to find their families missing, their farm animals dead and every comfortable, trustworthy aspect of day-to-day life suddenly gone. As it becomes clear that their country has been invaded, the group of friends realize they have to prepare for lives in hiding--and make some difficult decisions about how much they can or should participate in the war against the invaders. For all of them it becomes not just a time for fear and grief, but an ongoing challenge that reveals strengths and weaknesses they never knew they had. Marsden eases into this story by describing the camping trip, giving us a chance to get to know the characters and their relationships--and building our sense of uneasiness. The plot quickly becomes terrifying and remains suspenseful to the end, yet there's more to it than thrills--there are also breaks in the action for the characters to think about what's happening to them. Ellie is the narrator, "plain old Ellie, nothing special about me, middle of the road in every way," and her changes she experiences are particularly intense, as she discovers herself capable of strategy, cunning--and violence. Trying to cope with the personal aftermath of her actions, Ellie must delve into the serious questions of right and wrong: "All I could think to do was to trust to instinct. . . human laws, moral laws, religious laws, they seemed artificial and basic, almost childlike. I had a sense within me to find the right thing to do, and I had to have faith in that sense." It's unusual and stimulating to see a coming-of-age-during wartime story from the point of view of a girl--and a girl playing an active, courageous part. Intensely personal, Ellie's narrative describes her feelings of lost innocence and her growing attraction for two of the boys in her group as well as her crisis of conscience. The narrative voice isn't perfect: the romantic elements are rather self-conscious and some of the speeches Ellie reports don't ring true, like badly delivered monologues. But there's also a lot that's strong and powerful. Thought-provoking as well as breathlessly exciting, _Tomorrow, When the War Began_ is hard to put down. I just hope the sequel is published in America, and quickly! @START@Deathmatch Tips Hi, I am the author of a Doom web page you may have seen titled, "The Doom and Doom2 Deathmatch Tips Page." I have created a new web page titled, "Deathmatch Tips at Large." This page is forum for the exchange of Doom deathmatch tips. Anyone may contribute a deathmatch tip to this page by sending me an e-mail with the subject line "Tips at Large". Which brings me to the reason why I am writing this: I am looking for skilled players to submit tips. If you are interested in submitting a deathmatch playing tip, you can find "The Doom and Doom2 Deathmatch Tips Page" at: http://www.sscf.ucsb.edu/~duncan/doom/tips.html or go directly to the "Deathmatch Tips at Large" page at: http://www.sscf.ucsb.edu/~duncan/doom/atlarge.html I hope to hear from you. Sincerely, Brian @START@DOOM: FTP and WWW Sites - * < DOOM FTP/WWW Site List > * - May 21, 1996 Apr 09 - Resolved "?" items, removed idsoftware partial mirror. New http gamers.org mirror path, location for ftptree/ftpbush. New Strife homepage. New !?WTF Productions!? URL. Added 5 URLs. Apr 30 - Updated Stan Olson's link, added 2 others. May 07 - Updated a few entries, added 3 others, removed a few index.html's. | May 21 - Added Australian powerup.com and Illinoisian (:D) ais.net mirrors, | Added long overdue link to the html-ized RGCD FAQ, + 7 more URLs. | Frans de Vries is the maintainer during JVE's absence this summer. NOTE: Various WWW versions of this document are available, including one at http://www.cdrom.com/pub/idgames/docs/rgcd-pips/FTP_WWW_sites.html Primary DOOM FTP Sites and Mirrors ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The "Primary" site contains the "master copy" of the DOOM FTP Archive. Contributions can be uploaded to the /pub/idgames/incoming directory, but LMPs should be uploaded to the /pub/idgames/lmps/incoming directory. "Mirror" sites each have a duplicate of the primary's idgames hierarchy (sometimes with a different name) that is updated on a daily basis. If a mirror site is closer to you, please use it instead of the primary. Log in as "anonymous" or "ftp". Use your e-mail address as the password. California: ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/idgames/ (Primary Site) 165.113.58.253 http://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/idgames/ Oregon: ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/doom/ 128.193.128.6 Arizona: ftp://ftp.infomagic.com/pub/mirrors/doom/ 165.113.211.2 Wisconsin: ftp://ftp.uwp.edu/pub/games/id/id-mirror/ 206.230.220.2 http://ftp.uwp.edu/pub/games/id/id-mirror/ | Illinois: ftp://ftp.ais.net/pub/idgames/ 199.0.154.8 Virginia: ftp://mirrors.aol.com/pub/pc_games/doom/ 152.163.200.5 New York: ftp://ftp.gamers.org/pub/games/idgames/ 128.205.37.150 http://ftp.gamers.org/pub/games/idgames/ England: ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/idgames/ 193.63.255.1 http://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/idgames/ England: ftp://ftp.dungeon.com/pub/msdos/games/IDgames/ 193.130.144.3 France: ftp://ftp.calvacom.fr/pub/pc/doom/ 194.2.168.3 France: ftp://ftp.jussieu.fr/pub/idgames/ 132.227.77.2 Belgium: ftp://ftp.linkline.be/mirror/idgames/ 194.51.224.5 Germany: ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/pc/msdos/games/doom/ 160.45.10.6 Austria: ftp://flinux.tu-graz.ac.at/pub/idsoftware/ 129.27.2.237 Sweden: ftp://ftp.luth.se/pub/games/doom/ 130.240.16.39 Sweden: ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/pc/games/idgames/ 130.238.127.3 http://ftp.sunet.se/pub/pc/games/idgames/ South Africa: ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/pub/msdos/idgames/ 146.232.212.21 Taiwan: ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/PC/games/DOOM/ 140.111.1.10 | Australia: ftp://ftp.dstc.edu.au/pub/idgames/ 130.102.181.31 | Australia: ftp://ftp.powerup.com.au/pub/games/doom/ 203.2.122.72 =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= NOTE: World Wide Web surfers can use http://www.cdrom.com to browse the /pub/idgames directories. Unfortunately, file HREFs use ftp:, so copy, paste, and edit the link to use http: for faster access. :) SPECIAL NOTE: John Van Essen (that's me!) created a WWW page showing the www.gamers.org/pub/games/idgames hierarchy in a graphical directory tree format with hyperlinks to each directory at www.gamers.org. http://www.gamers.org/ftp/ftptree.html has full tree. http://www.gamers.org/ftp/ftpbush.html has fewer subdirs. Other DOOM-Related FTP Sites ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Texas: ftp://ftp.idsoftware.com/idstuff/ 192.246.40.6 -Official id Software Distribution Site N. Carolina: ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/doom/ 152.2.254.81 -Official Linux DOOM Distribution Site California: ftp://playground.sun.com/pub/doom/ 192.9.5.5 -Official Sun DOOM Distribution Site California: ftp://ftp.activesw.com/pub/doom/ 205.158.31.66 -Official DoomArena Distribution Site England: ftp://ftp.mantis.co.uk/pub/doom/ 193.129.10.1 -Archive of rec.games.computer.doom.announce DOOM-Related WWW Sites ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ General DOOM Info ----------------- http://www.idsoftware.com/ -Id Software Inc. homepage (creators of DOOM) http://doomgate.cs.buffalo.edu/ -DoomGate Index http://www.mantis.co.uk/doom/ -"Mantis DOOM page" - home of rgcd.announce archive http://www.gtinteractive.com/ -GT Interactive Software Inc. homepage (distributors of DOOM) http://www.gamers.org/~rogue/strife.html -"Strife" homepage http://www.ravensoft.com/ -Raven Software Corp. - Creaters of Hexen and Heretic http://www.cam-orl.co.uk/~fms/dht.html -"Doom Honorific Titles" http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/misc/doombench.html -DOOM Benchmark - system performance using Doom as benchmark http://www.omnigroup.com/Software/Doom/ -OMNI Development Inc's DOOM II for NEXTSTEP http://www.yahoo.com/Recreation/Games/Computer_Games/Titles/Doom/ -Yahoo's list of DOOM-related links http://www.ypn.com/games2/a659.html -"Your Personal Network" DOOM page (wide range of info) http://www.ypn.com/games2/a662.html -"Your Personal Network" Other 3-D games page (Heretic/Hexen/Quake) DOOM Help and FAQ's ------------------- http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/~mapleson/doom/doom.html -DOOM Help Service (DHS) http://www.happypuppy.com/hleukart/ -Hank's Official DOOM FAQ + "DOOM Hacker's Guide" book info + more http://doomgate.cs.buffalo.edu/docs/FAQ/doomfaq/ -HTML version of the DOOM FAQ | http://www.cdrom.com/pub/idgames/docs/rgcd-pips/RGCD_FAQ.html | -Rec.Games.Computer.Doom FAQ - Up-to-date info on DOOM + addons http://www.cmpharm.ucsf.edu/~troyer/sgidoomfaq.html -SGI DOOM FAQ http://jcomm.uoregon.edu/~stevev/Linux-DOOM-FAQ.html -Linux DOOM FAQ http://doomgate.cs.buffalo.edu/~rkinion/faq.html -MacDOOM FAQ http://doomgate.cs.buffalo.edu/docs/FAQ/bfgfaq/ -Tony Fabris' BFG FAQ http://www.globalnews.com/cgi-bin/sidney/support.cgi -"GT Interactive Software Inc." General and troubleshooting Doom FAQs http://www.voicenet.com/~reeltime/mdr.html -"MacDoom Review" e-zine homepage http://www.mindspring.com/~wcarter/hexen.html -"The Unofficial MacHexen Homepage" - info about Mac version of Hexen http://www.pi.net/~javanree/doom.html -"JAB van Ree Doom Page" - home of the DOOM Editing Guide http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/2979/ -Michael Kelsey's beginner's guide to Doom editing with DEU Hook Up With Other DOOM'ers --------------------------- http://dirac.bcm.tmc.edu/ifrag.html -iFrag FAQ (IHHD information) http://www.dwango.com/ -DWANGO page http://www.teleport.com/~caustic/ -Multiplayer Combat Simulations page http://minyos.xx.rmit.edu.au/~s9407330/list.html -Australian deathmatcher's list http://www.universal.nl/USERS/Anneveldt/default.htm -Dutch/European Modemfunsters | http://www.embratel.net.br/infoserv/graphus/doom/doom2.htm | -"Level Seven" - Doom II Deathmatch in Brazil (Portuguese) http://www.xmission.com/~morrison/IMPL/home.html -Tom Morrison's Internet Modem Player's List http://www.u-net.com/~pubnet/ -"BytesEyes" APCI Doom Server in the UK http://www.bogo.co.uk/gamesnet/home.htm -UK Games Net page http://www.demon.co.uk/greyroom/homep/darrens/dazzdoom.html -Information on IFRAG multiplayer DOOM in the UK http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~fdwtrig/multi.html -UK Multiplayers list http://www.ablecom.net/~billc/ -"Dr_FunFrocks Ifrag HomePage" http://www.mcp.com/brady/connect/ -Brady Games Gamer Connection http://clever.net/visiongrafx/gamers.html -"The Gamer's Connection" - Listing service for multiplayer games http://www.zorda.com/playlst/ -Hexen Players List http://www.azstarnet.com/~doomgod/ -Modem games Yellow pages http://gramercy.ios.com/~pbcalex/gamers.html -"The Gamer's Connection" - Modem player list by areacode http://www.pegasus.oz.au/~forager/doom/ -"Sunshine Coast Modem Deathmatch Players Haunt" http://www.users.fast.net/~cpishock/cgifrag.html -Coach Gripsky's "Ifragger's Corner" | http://www.rockisland.com/~phook/ | -IRC #Deathmatch Channel home page - profiles, pwads, links Editors and Utilities --------------------- http://www.umich.edu/~gregl/dhe.html -Greg Lewis' official DeHackEd homepage http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~quinet/games/doom-en.html -Raphael Quinet's DOOM page (DEU stuff, etc.) http://www.stud.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/ftp-mirror/olivier/ -Archive of Olivier's Lair, Home of WinTex 4.0 http://www.agt.net/public/allang/DoomEd.html -DoomEd home page http://www.mmmutants.com/~renegade/main.html -Renegade Graphics home page - EgoED & DoomED Deluxe editors http://csntitas.cs.utas.edu.au/ed-209/ -The official ED-209 (Doom/Doom II editor) homepage http://www.wolfenet.com/~sbs/ -"Official DeeP homepage" - DOOM/DOOM II/HERETIC/HEXEN/STRIFE editor http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/jknight/demon.html -James Knight's DEU-based editor for the Mac (was MacDeu) http://www.umn.edu/nlhome/g253/hoffo002/dmapedit/ -DMapEdit home page http://www.cis.ufl.edu/~thoth/purplefrog/editor.html -Purple Frog Mission Editor home page http://www.pennet.com/drsleep/ -Dr Sleep's DOOM Apothecary - Home of DETH and HETH http://www.geopages.com/hollywood/2298/ -Djinni's Hexen-editing page http://www.cs.utah.edu/~blood/triad.html -"Triad Games" - Doom E2 (Easy Edit) editor http://www.io.org/~mikado/deimos.html -Doom Editor Interface for the Macintosh Operating System Home Page http://www.cybernet.dk/users/jensh/doom/special/ -Reject Map Builder and special effects http://www.iscs.nus.sg/~siakaili/dman.html -Official web page of the Doom II utility "DMan" http://www.dallas.net/~captain/ -Valet Web Site (DOOM front end) http://www.xs4all.nl/~jwkorver/ -Ruud van Gaal's official DoomShell page - Doom/Hexen/Heretic front-end http://www.prima.ruhr.de/home/slop/r-u-n.html -R-U-N v2.0 - a frontend for DOOM II http://fly.hiwaay.net/~jfdement/jserve/ -Multi-player (up to four players possible) serial driver http://www.poly-eng.uakron.edu/~hermann/ser7/ser7.html -DOOM, DOOM ][, HERETIC and HEXEN Serial Device Driver http://www.psinet.net.au/~stokfam/ -SuperSer II homepage (Serial Device Driver) http://tph100.physik.uni-leipzig.de/~girlich/doom/ -LMP format description & LMP utils http://www.db.dk/student/k93/1/urn/doom.htm -"The Doom Editing Page at Wolfland" - links to editing info WADs and Patches ---------------- http://www.teleport.com/~pcwace/ -"Doom II Underground" - Lots of info and WADs - a VERY well-done page http://www.msen.com/~psteele/dhaven/dhaven.html -Patrick Steele's DeathMatch Levels, HTML version of this article http://www.cen.uiuc.edu/~cf9038/simpdoom/ -Chuck Fuoco's Official Simpsons DOOM site http://www.umn.edu/nlhome/m206/chasa001/raven/ -Raven Levels homepage http://www.interlog.com/~symcon/levelnet.html -The Bitchin' Series of PWADs http://www.island.net/~idendy/ -Rogue Enterprises (original wads and deathmatch database) http://www.cris.com/~gala/doom.html -"DOOM/SNAKE.WAD Home Page" http://www.linefeed.com/linefeed/alek/dario/dmatch.html -Dario's Deatchmatch Levels http://yoyo.cc.monash.edu.au/~dbiggs/ -Dave Bigg's homepage with "Chook Doom" stuff http://www.tisl.ukans.edu/~sparks/DOOM.html -"Craig and Brian Sparks' Doom Page" - Over 50 of their own WADs http://pwp.usa.pipeline.com/~pcupka/doom.htm -Patrick Cupka's DOOM II levels http://www.cstone.net/~mbreeden/pages/punishr.html -The Punisher's "Casualties of War" levels http://users.aol.com/mreed3015/ -Mike Reed's DOOM2 Page - original PWADs, including Hoover Dam http://www.neosoft.com/~teamtnt/ -"TeamTNT Home Page" - The New Technology WADs http://doomgate.cs.buffalo.edu/~williams/ -Lists and links to the "best" pwad files http://cres1.lancs.ac.uk/~esasb1/doom/ -"The Wadster's Guide" http://www.welch.jhu.edu/homepages/samtay/html/handbook.html -Sam Taylor's html version of Bill McClendon's Wad Designer's Handbook http://www.webcom.com/deth/ -"The Deathmatch Pages" - home of the DeatchMatch Forum http://mcmsmo.usmc.mil/doom/doom.html -Marine Doom homepage (co-op DOOM II levels simulate fireteam concept) http://www.geopages.com/hollywood/2299/ticprod.html -"TiC's HomePage/Productions" http://mailer.fsu.edu/~mwiskema/doom.html -"TiC's WAD Reviews" http://unix.hacks.arizona.edu/~heretic/heretic.html -"Heretic's Dungeon of Doom" - DooM and Heretic wads and reviews http://www.geopages.com/hollywood/1757/ -"The Best of the Internet (Levels for Doom and Doom 2)" http://www.serve.com/SpookU/doom7734/doom7734.htm -Home of Doom 7734 ("30 levels of pure insanity") http://www.cybercity.dk/users/ccc2112/home.html -Copenhagen Central Station wad http://www.pcug.org.au/~dean/ -Home of the TriO series - "the HOTTEST DooM II DeathMatches!" http://www.calyx.com/~njj/ -Doom "Legalize It" theme page http://www.geopages.com/SiliconValley/2145/ -Happy Napalm Software - Creators of DOOM Gore http://users.aol.com/rambutt9/rambutt/rambutt.html -Rambutt's Doom Stuph (original wads and other stuph) http://www.geopages.com/siliconvalley/2636/ -"Doom II levels by Luca Mugnaini - Florence - Italy" http://www.public.asu.edu/~ermac/mk/doom.html -Mortal Kombat pwads http://www.cris.com/~driller/ -Driller's Deathmatch PWADs http://www2.best.com/~smmcnutt/smhexen.html -Scott McNutt's "SM Levels for Hexen" http://www.worldaccess.nl/~redhouse/doom2.htm -"DOOMIE Brothers Info and Links" - including DOOMIE levels http://205.198.115.66/html/doom/ -TSS Online Doom Page - lots of WADS (many with ratings) http://www.mainelink.net/~elf66/ -MacDOOM WAD of the Day page http://www.gamers.org/wtf/ -"?!WTF Productions!? Home Page" - D.J. Quad's DOOM 2 support group http://www.radware.net/users/giboney/ -Thomas Giboney's "Project: DOOM II" - His WADs + Wad of the Week http://www.usa.net/~mustaine/mtn_king.html -"Doom II Mountain King" - based on "Capture the Flag" concept http://www5.ios.com/~rhentz/doompage.html -Flagg's Doom page - his own WADs http://www.maverick.org/maverick/twc/twc.shtml -The Wad Crew - monthly packages of Deathmatch WADs http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~martins/invasion/invasion.html -Home of the Invasion series of WADs for DOOM and DOOM II http://www.sound.net/~cyberdmn/ -"Davey's Kick-Ass Doom Links" - Wads, screen shots, utilities http://members.aol.com/wadpaks/page.html -"The Wadpaks Page" - Doom II Deathmatch levels http://www.netins.net/showcase/zero/doom.htm -"Count Zero's Doom Page" - Original and modified WADs http://junior.wariat.org/~rgp/ -"I, ANUBIS" total conversion for DOOM II (loosely based on Stargate) | http://www.devlab.com/kronos/ -Home Page of The Kronikil's Deathmatch Series http://server.berkeley.edu/~thomasm/deathmatch/ -"TJM's Deathmatch Addiction" - Original + favorite deathmatch wads http://chat.carleton.ca/~pderbysh/fury.html -"Doom II: The Devil's Fury" - 9 original PWADs http://www.math.purdue.edu/~clever/DOOM/doom.html -Single-player PWADs | http://alpha.ok.ae.wroc.pl/~slon/ -Grzegorz Werner's WAD Download Page http://netnow.micron.net/~bober/doomlvr.htm -Doom Lover Brucer's Deathmatch WADs | http://www.pacifier.com/~cjones/ | -"Dark Moon Software" home page - Doom/Heretic PWADs | http://www.geocities.com/timessquare/2598/ | -"Cyberdemon's Doom2 and Hexen page" - Hexen and DOOM II pwads | http://www.ozemail.com.au/~brockhoa/ | -"Doctor Who Doom2" - changes graphics/sounds to Dr. Who theme | http://members.aol.com/aries88229/public/dm2_1.htm | -"The Doom2 Nightmare" - Doom/Doom2/Quake info - home of 7SINS.WAD http://www.eskimo.com/~mtomas/DoomWADCheats.html -Doom WAD Cheat Page - various techniques for 'helpful' effects http://www.smartlink.net/~sid/ -MacDOOM WAD pages - news and info, Mac-made WADs http://www.ocnus.com/models/Doom/ -VRML models for DOOM - modified E1Mx levels http://www.umr.edu/~coleman/genwad/ -Strafe's "Genwad Homepage" - random map generator for Doom/II/Heretic http://www.megamedia.com/doom.html -Monolith DOOM page - lists of favorite PWADs, LMPs, macros, etc http://www.tfm.com/~squick/doom/doommortals.html -Doom Mortal's reviews of User-submitted PWADs http://www.idiom.com/~bilofsky/doom.htm -Walt Bilofsky's "Doom Reviews for the Recreational User" http://www.vivanet.com/~pecora19/dwyp/dwyp.htm -"The Doom Wad Yellow Pages" - annotated index of downloadable WADs http://individual.puug.pt/~lll/abwadind.htm -Another 'The Best' PWADs list, HTML version Miscellaneous ------------- http://www.cu-online.com/~solso/doom.html -Stan Olson's DOOM page - HTML version of this list http://www3.hmc.edu/~tkelly/docs/doom/ -Pherion's DOOMWeb Node http://www.cis.ksu.edu/~trm/doom.html -Tim's DOOMWeb Node http://www.eecs.wsu.edu/~rkinion/doom.html -Ron's DOOMWeb Node (with links to MacDOOM page and many others) http://web.one.net/~cjs/doom.html -"CJS's Original Unoffical DOOM WWW page" (originally by vhold) http://www.megsinet.net/barr/Doom.html -Michael Barr's DOOM page - DOOM, DOOM II, & Heretic info http://www.PooterMan.com/doom.html -Todd Potter's Doom page http://www.tach.net/public/doom.html -Info and ftp links http://haven.ios.com/~bookers/Doom.html -Suphi's Hell On Mac page (Mac Doom II stuff) http://www.borg.com/~chris/ -Mohawk Valley Society of Doom Page http://www.cs.tulane.edu/www/Ward/doom.html -Tom Ward's Doom page - links for Macs, wads, other doomers http://norden1.com/~bielby/id/heretic.main.html -Brett Bielby's Heretic page http://doomgate.cs.buffalo.edu/descent/ -All purpose Descent site http://www.csv.warwick.ac.uk/~phuer/ -"Descent into Doom" page (Doom & Descent) http://www.erie.net/~mrdoom/ -Tom Sanner's multimedia doom page http://www.via.nl/cgi-bin/ssis/users/jaspars/Welcome.html -Richard Jaspar's "Hell on Earth" page http://www.mindport.net/~ptrainor/doom.html -Pat Trainor's "Amazingly Stupid Doom Page" http://weber.u.washington.edu/~hodges/doom2.html -Doom2 animation over Netscape 1.2n (interesting...) http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/The_Williamsons/ -Adam Williamson's Home Page - Wolfenstein 3D FAQ http://www.vidgames.com/ps/software/doom.html -"The Unofficial PlayStation Homepage" - info on PlayStation Doom http://www.zensoft.com/Raven/Hexen.html -"The Wacky Hexen Page" - offbeat + animation on home page http://www.gac.edu/~bgustafs/macdoom_park.html -Brent Gustafson's "MacDOOM Park" page - MacDOOM/MacHexen, etc. info http://www.li.net/~dsquid/doom/doom.html -"Datasquid's Assortment of Doom (tm) Paraphanalia" (Bill Bessette) http://www.pavilion.co.uk/bdd/ -"Brighton's Dungeon of DOOM" http://www.best.com/~lyle/doombook.shtml -"Lyle's Doom Deathmatcher's Bible" - Strategy, Tips and Tricks http://www2.islandnet.com/~ccaird/idgames/ -"Colin's DOOM, DOOM ][, Heretic, HEXEN, Strife and Quake WWW Site" http://home.earthlink.net/~doomer/ -"Doomer's House of Carnage" - New wads, Hints, Tips, DM Secrets http://www.dragonfire.net/~KingStevie/doom2.html -"DOOM II: The King Stevie Way" - His majesty holds court... http://users.aol.com/johnjankow/electric.htm -"Electric Pancake" - Doom/Hexen levels, reviews, links | http://www.mm.com/user/tcdmntia/wwd/ | -"World Wide Dementia" doom page @START@DOOM I Keys FAQ THE DOOM 1 KEYS FAQ 1.1 Inspired by the DOOM ][ Keys FAQ CONTENTS 1 About this FAQ -------------------------------------------- 1.1 Copyright & Credits 1.2 What this FAQ covers 1.3 What this FAQ does not cover 2 Definitions -------------------------------------------- 2.1 Blue 2.2 Red 2.3 Yellow 2.4 Key Card 2.5 Skull Key -------------------------------------------- 3 What do I need these for? -------------------------------------------- 3.1 What do I need a blue key for? 3.2 What do I need a red key for? 3.3 What do I need a yellow key for? 4 Where do I find the keys in DOOM? -------------------------------------------- 4.1 Episode One 4.2 Episode Two 4.3 Episode Three 4.4 Episode Four 5 Which episodes have how many of which keys? --------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1: ABOUT THIS FAQ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.1: Copyright & Credits This FAQ is written by Patrick Kalinauskas, allurian@nai.net. You may distribute this file for free or as part of a CD-ROM; commercial distribution except as part of a CD-ROM is prohibited. This FAQ is identical to version 1.0 except for this notice. 1.2: What does this FAQ cover? This FAQ covers how to find the keys in DOOM I. 1.3: What doesn't this FAQ cover? This FAQ does not cover any other game besides DOOM I. It does not cover how to destroy the guardians that will try to keep you from the keys either. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2: DEFINITIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1: What is Blue? Blue (blu) - a color between green and violet. A rather beautiful color. 2.2: What is Red? Red (rehd) - a color between orange and violet. Some people consider it a symbol of love. You will consider it a symbol of a) red keys, b) red doors, or c) something's been hurt. 2.3: What is Yellow? Yellow (yel-lo) - a color between orange and green. Now, I would duplicate the DOOM ][ keys FAQ's attack on the color, but being in love with a blonde, it would not be such a good idea. Of course she'll probably never play DOOM, let alone read this FAQ, but still... 2.4: What is a Key Card? A Key Card is a small object, found in DOOM, that looks like a computer add-on card. They come in three colors, red, blue, and yellow. 2.5: What is a Skull Key? A Skull Key is a small object, found in DOOM, that looks like a small skull. As with the Key Cards, they come in red, blue, and yellow. Skull Keys function identically to Key Cards. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3: WHAT DO I NEED THESE FOR? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.1: What do I need a blue key for? You need it to unlock blue security doors. Besides, they're pretty to look at. 3.2: What do I need a red key for? You need it to unlock red security doors. 3.3: What do I need a yellow key for? You need it to unlock yellow security doors, and to remind you of your beautiful blonde girlfriend while you're spending half of each day playing DOOM :-) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4: WHERE CAN I FIND THE KEYS IN DOOM? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4.1: Episode One E1M1: Hangar Unfortunately, there are no keys in this level *sigh* E1M2: Nuclear Plant BLUE KEY: This level is unfortunately devoid of the beautiful Blue Key. RED KEY: The useful Red Key is to be found by taking either non-Red door from the start room and going upstairs. YELLOW KEY: There is no yellow key on this level. E1M3: Toxin Refinery BLUE KEY: This beautiful gem is found on the platform in the room at the end of the corridor past the "O" shaped acid pit. RED KEY: Sorry, there is no red key here. You won't see that useful item again till level six. YELLOW KEY: The YELLOW KEY is found in the middle of the secret Computer Room, to be opened by the switch down and to the left of the corridor leading to the O-pit. E1M4: Command Control BLUE KEY: The wondrous BLUE KEY is found in the central chamber. Just walk up to the doors and they will open. RED KEY: Be patient. Level six is only two levels from here. YELLOW KEY: After you get the BLUE KEY, the YELLOW KEY is found by going through the blue door and following the main corridor north to the end, then taking the right-hand, followed by the left-hand branch. E1M5: Phobos Lab BLUE KEY: You have to have the YELLOW KEY first. Go through the yellow door, then take either branch to the acid pit. Run across the acid, flip the switch. Return to the yellow door, and run to the passage directly across. Go to the switch in the room, which opens the door. At the end of that passage will be the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: Just a little longer to wait... YELLOW KEY: Go to the parapet east of your start point, and you will see a bridge rise. Now go to the stairs leading up, and take the passage out to the bridge. Follow it to the passage leading into the wall, at the end of which is the YELLOW KEY. E1M6: Central Processing BLUE KEY: You need the RED KEY first. The BLUE KEY is on a platform south and west of the red doors. RED KEY: Go east from the first intersection, then veer southeast into the big room. The RED KEY is at the east end of the room. YELLOW KEY: As you approach the blue door, a tower behind you will lower. The back of that room is a secret door. Turn left to find a wall flanked by blue lights. This is a secret door leading to the YELLOW KEY. E1M7: Computer Station BLUE KEY: You need the RED KEY first. The BLUE KEY is to be found in an obvious spot after passing through the red door. RED KEY: You need the YELLOW KEY first. From the room accessed by yellow doors, go through the southern passage and follow it to the room with the lowering pillar. Turn right, then go north to the room with a lift (from which you can see (but not get!) the beautiful BLUE KEY. Take the lift and follow the passage to the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: The YELLOW KEY is found by going southeast from the start to a lift, which takes you to a ledge. Follow it into the passage. In the passage is the YELLOW KEY. E1M8: Phobos Anomaly There are no keys on this level :-( E1M9: Military Base BLUE KEY: You need the RED KEY first. Go through the red door, blow up the barrels, and flip the switch. This raises a Demon pen with the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: You need the YELLOW KEY first. Go through the yellow door, and the RED KEY will be right there. YELLOW KEY: Go west from the Cage Room in the middle; the YELLOW KEY is placed obviously. 4.2: Episode Two E2M1: Deimos Anomaly BLUE KEY: The BLUE KEY is found by passing through the evil cross at the beginning. It is in the room beyond. RED KEY: The RED KEY is found by taking the teleporter in the start room and flipping the switch across the blood pit. This reveals a small thingamabob with two switches. Flip the one CLOSER TO THE FIRST SWITCH you flipped; this opens a secret passage to the north with the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: There is no YELLOW KEY here. E2M2: Containment Area BLUE KEY: The BLUE KEY is found by following the crushing-ceiling passage, then continuing until you see that blue glow. RED KEY: The RED KEY is found by using the blue door. YELLOW KEY: The YELLOW KEY is found by going to a room with a blood pit. Follow the lights on the ceiling to reach the YELLOW KEY safely. E2M3: Refinery BLUE KEY: From the room with the pentagonal slime pool, go west as far as you can (yes, jump in the pit). Go up the stairs and jump into the room; on the far side of the room (concealed by a pillar) is a BLUE KEY. RED KEY: Patience again... you won't be seeing the RED KEY again until level six. YELLOW KEY: There is no YELLOW KEY on this level. E2M4: Deimos Lab BLUE KEY: From the room you warp into, go west as far as you can, then turn north, west, and then south through the door; use the lift to gain access to the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: It isn't here! YELLOW KEY: The YELLOW KEY is found by going through the blue door, then under the crushing ceiling. E2M5: Command Center Surprisingly, considering the complexity of the level, there are no keys on this level. E2M6: Halls of the Damned BLUE KEY: After you mess with all those darn rooms in the beginning, you'll find yourself in a room with a blue door and a normal door. Go through the normal door, then head southeast to get the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: The RED KEY is found in that annoying southwest maze. After going through the door to the south half of the maze, go west, south, then east to find the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: From the northern hub-room, go south. The YELLOW KEY is at the south end of that room. E2M7: Spawning Vats BLUE KEY: To get the BLUE KEY go to the room with all those boxes, then flip a switch in the SW corner of the box room. This leads to a room with the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: You need the YELLOW KEY first. Go through the yellow door, then through the *DOOR* to the right. Jump down, enter the passage at the opposite side of the room to a switch, flip it, revealing the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: This reminder of my beautiful love is to be found by going through the blue door and going downstairs, then left, then upstairs to the YELLOW KEY. E2M8: Tower of Babel The Cyberdemon is hard enough here without worrying about keys. E2M9: Fortress of Mystery BLUE KEY: Go east from the Caco room and flip the switch opening a door revealing a BLUE KEY. RED KEY: Go through the blue door to get the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: Go through the red door to find the YELLOW KEY. 4.3: Episode Three E3M1: Hell Keep The keep is wide open and unprotected, for it has no keys! E3M2: Slough of Despair BLUE KEY: The BLUE KEY is at the end of the "pinky" of the Slough. RED KEY: This level is devoid of the useful RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: None here, sad to say. E3M3: Pandemonium BLUE KEY: Take the east stairs from the big room opposite the start alcoves. Go south from the top of the stairs, then east, and take a lift down. Continue southwest into a silvery room with the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: None here... YELLOW KEY: Arrghh! Does id have something against my beloved blonde? They haven't included ANY YELLOW KEYs in the first three levels of this episode! E3M4: House of Pain BLUE KEY: Go west from the area with three switches, then south, to find the wondrous BLUE KEY along with some uglier things.... RED KEY: The RED KEY is found just past the yellow door. YELLOW KEY: Seeing this brings my love back into my mind... whatever Pain is in this house is gone. Anyway, to get the YELLOW KEY, in the room with the switch pillars use the WEST switch on the WEST pillar. E3M5: Unholy Cathedral BLUE KEY: The BLUE KEY is in the northernmost room. To get it, flip all the switches under crushing pillars. RED KEY: There is none. YELLOW KEY: The YELLOW KEY is found in the southern structure with respect to the central teleport terminal. To get it, go to the northwestern area with the green slime pit, cross it, which opens a door, then go through that door and run to the teleport. E3M6: Mt. Erebus BLUE KEY: The BLUE KEY is in different places according to the difficulty level. On low levels it is on the floor in an area with four Imp cages. On higher levels the BLUE KEY is in the Y-shaped structure, in the southeast branch. RED KEY: There is no RED KEY on this level. YELLOW KEY: There is also no YELLOW KEY on this level. E3M7: Limbo BLUE KEY: Go west from the big blood pool room. Then go south, go around the octagon, and then southeast. There's a BLUE KEY there. RED KEY: The RED KEY is found on the far-western safe spot in the northeast blood trenches. YELLOW KEY: From the big blood pool go north, and take the western teleporter. Flip the switch, return, and take the eastern teleporter. Get the YELLOW KEY. E3M8: Dis Are you kidding? This level is WAY too simple for keys. There aren't even that many doors! E3M9: Warrens BLUE KEY: After you cross the trigger that was the exit teleporter in E3M1, several passages open. Go to the north end of the area you are in and take the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: The RED KEY is found by going down the east passage from the start room, which teleports you. Go east from your destination to get a RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: None again! What gives? 4.4: Episode Four E4M1: Hell Beneath BLUE KEY: After getting the RED KEY, go through the red door. Go around the wall and push the north torch to get that darn wall outta the way (and revealing a music logo). The BLUE KEY will be in the east alcove. RED KEY: The RED KEY is to be found by jumping down into the western acid pit, then entering the building, and turning east at the top of the second flight of stairs. YELLOW KEY: None again *sigh* E4M2: Perfect Hatred BLUE KEY: The BLUE KEY is found far, far to the southeast. RED KEY: The RED KEY is found on the next level. Patience! YELLOW KEY: The YELLOW KEY is found by flipping the Satyr Switch on the west side of the pillar with the yellow switch. Jump through the newly-opened door and flip the switch to raise the walkway, which you should run onto as soon as it starts raising. Jump over to the place with the plasma gun, opening a door revealing the YELLOW KEY. E4M3: Sever the Wicked BLUE KEY: After getting the RED KEY, go to the red gate. Open it, gaining passage to the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: The RED KEY is found on top of a pillar. Hurl yourself into the pit, then flip the switch at the bottom to lower the pillar. YELLOW KEY: None here. E4M4: Unruly Evil BLUE KEY: There will be a BLUE KEY on this level when Spectres fly. RED KEY: From the center water pool hurl yourself into the eastern slime pit, then quickly go east, and take the potions. Then use the lift to go back up. This reveals an opening with the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: Absent! E4M5: They Will Repent BLUE KEY: Go through the red door, then northwest. This reveals a BLUE KEY. RED KEY: From the area with the chaingun, go west, then north through the door. Take the elevator and turn east; this reveals the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: The YELLOW KEY is found by climbing down into the blood near the yellow door, then turning west to a door, leading to a teleport. This takes you to the ledge with the YELLOW KEY. E4M6: Against Thee Wickedly BLUE KEY: Take the western elevator up to the teleporter tower in the middle. After teleporting, jump west, then up the stairs to the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: Go into the yellow-door cabin and flip the switch. Then return to the picket fence area and jump onto the teleporter, taking you to a balcony. Follow the corridor off the balcony to a RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: Using the blue switch, open the northern bars to get a YELLOW KEY. E4M7: And Hell Followed BLUE KEY: Go directly east from the first intersection, then turn north. Open the door. Go east, then south, and flip a switch to reveal a Soul Sphere. Take the Soul Sphere and a door will open revealing the BLUE KEY. RED KEY: Go back to the first intersection, then west, south, and west again. There's a RED KEY there. YELLOW KEY: Push on the mural in the RED KEY room to expose a teleporter to the YELLOW KEY. You must have the BLUE KEY first. E4M8: Unto the Cruel BLUE KEY: Absent! RED KEY: Push on the right-hand demon mural in the marble hall. It reveals the RED KEY. YELLOW KEY: Go to the left-hand demon mural and push it. Take the teleport. Climb the stairs, then follow the catwalks north and west to a room with an elevator. Use the switch to lower it, then jump in and turn east to find the YELLOW KEY. E4M9: Fear BLUE KEY: When Spectres fly. RED KEY: When Barons fly. YELLOW KEY: After lowering the "Beirut Barricades" turn east, then turn south. Face the easternmost gap and jump through, then follow the ledge to the YELLOW KEY. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5: WHICH EPISODES HAVE HOW MANY OF WHICH KEYS? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 Total-B R Y Total Keys E1 --- -R- B-Y B-Y B-Y BRY BRY --- BRY 6 4 6 16 E2 BR- BRY B-- B-Y --- BRY BRY --- BRY 7 5 5 17 E3 --- B-- B-- BRY B-Y B-- BRY --- BR- 7 3 3 13 E4 BR- B-Y BR- -R- BRY BRY BRY -RY --Y 6 7 6 19 There are a total of 26 blue keys, 19 red keys, and 20 yellow keys in DOOM. @START@DOOM Editing Guide _______ _____ _____ __ ___ _____________ _____ _____ _____ _ _ ______ | ___ \ _ | _ | \ / | | ____| _ \_ _|_ _|_ _| \ | | ___ \ | | \ | | | | | | | . V . | | |__ | | | | | | | | | | | \| | | \/ | | / | \_/ | \_/ | |\ /| | | __| | | | | | | | | | | | . ` | | ___ | | / / \ / \ /| | V | | | | | |/ / _| |_ | | _| |_| |\ | | \ \ | `' / \_/ \_/ \_| | | | |____|___/ \___/ |_| \___/\_| \_| \__| | |___/ and DOOM II \_| \_____/ G U I D E \_____/ By Jan-Albert B. van Ree (javanree@gamers.org) Version 1.1 =========================================================================== Disclaimer =========================================================================== This info is to aid in informing the public about editing the games DOOM and DOOM 2, by id Software. In no way should this promote you killing yourself, killing others, or killing in any other fashion. Additionally, the author does not claim ANY responsibility regarding ANY illegal activity concerning this file, or indirectly related to this file. The information contained in this file only reflects id Software indirectly, and questioning id Software regarding any information in this file is not recommended. The author shall not be responsible for any damage done by using information contained in this file. I am not in ANY way connected to id software. So don't ask them for help. Instead mail me at javanree@gamers.org for questions about this file. I do not gain any profit writing this guide. All of these programs were tried as well as I could, and tested version was always shareware. If anyone thinks his/her creation is not mentioned or mentioned wrong, please email me. Don't bother the creaters of the discussed programs with questions about this guide, send them to ME. I just love to get some email from you DOOM fans! =========================================================================== Copyright notice =========================================================================== This article is Copyright 1996 by Jan-Albert van Ree. All rights reserved. You are allowed to make copies of this file as long as it's a copy of the original text, with my name, this statement and the rest of the header included. You may distribute this through a BBS or the Internet, as long as no profit is made. Only exception made is for Compuserve. So watch it Mr. Shovelware! Put this on a CD or disk without my permission, and if I find out I'm coming after you. You may not distribute this work by any non-electronic media, including but not limited to books, newsletters, magazines, manuals, catalogs, and speech. You may not distribute this work in electronic magazines or within computer software without prior written explicit permission. These rights are temporary and revocable upon written, oral, or other notice by the author. If you would like additional rights beyond those granted above, write to the author at "javanree@gamers.org" on Internet. =========================================================================== Contents =========================================================================== Chapter 1 : What is DOOM and why do I want an editor 1-1 DOOM by id Software 1-2 Editing for DOOM Chapter 2 : What can I edit 2-1 Levels 2-2 Graphics 2-3 Music and Sound 2-4 DOOM.EXE editing Chapter 3 : Most used editors with background info 3-1 Level Editors A) DEU B) DCK C) Deep D) EdMap E) Deth F) DoomEd G) DoomCad H) Renegade Graphics DoomED 3-2 Graphics, Sound and Music Editors A) DeuTex and DeuSF B) WinTex C) MIDI2MUS and MUS2MIDI 3-3 Nodebuilders and more A) IDBSP B) BSP C) Reject D) Warm E) Zennode Chapter 4 : Authors experience 4-0 Before we start editing : required for editing 4-1 Level editing 4-2 Graphics editing 4-3 Music and sound editing Chapter 5 : Where to get the stuff 5-1 FTP-sites 5-2 WWW-sites Chapter 6 : People who have helped me with this "guide" Appendix A : WAD author template =========================================================================== Chapter 1 : What is DOOM and why do I want an editor =========================================================================== [1-1] DOOM by id software DOOM is a three dimensional, virtual reality type action game created by id Software. In some ways, it is similar to Wolfenstein 3-D (id Software, Apogee). If you have ever played DOOM, you'll know it's a major step forward compared to Wolfenstein 3-D. Even the level editing has improved. This guide will try to give more information about most popular editors. It will be updated every now and then, so if you want something mentioned / reviewed please let me know. This guide is not just for you, a lot of stuff is done BY you. [1-2] Editing for DOOM After having finished all the levels, most people start looking for more to play. Since the map-format of DOOM (this is the WAD-file) is pretty easy to understand, and id has created options for adding extra levels, a lot of people started making editors to create new levels, add new music and sounds, textures and even new weapons and stuff like that. id has requested people not to make any maps that will work with the shareware version of DOOM, to keep the sales going. Please respect this! You can easily do this by using monsters / textures which are only in the registered version of DOOM. So if you want to start editing and want to feel good about yourself, register DOOM. It pays, id Software :) This does not go for DOOM II, which doesn't have a shareware version. More about this in the level design FAQ by Tom Neff (tneff@panix.com). You may have heard of the Ultimate DOOM, featuring a new episode. The main WAD file has changed somewhat, a patch to upgrade your version of DOOM to The Ultimate DOOM with the 4th episode is at id's web- and FTP-site. More on this in chapter 4.0. The same goes for Heretic. Look for Heretic Shadow of the Serpent Riders. A patch to upgrade Heretic 1.2 to Heretic SOSR is also available. Everything in the DOOM.WAD file is copyrighted. So do NOT extract textures or anything from it to use in your own work, original or modified. Same goes for the DOOM.EXE file. You can only point at their resources, like in a PWAD, with entries pointing to the main IWAD (DOOM.WAD) Also copyrighted is the layout of the maps. So don't copy id Software's map layouts, but be original and do your own layout! This also goes for DOOM ][, Heretic and Hexen. =========================================================================== Chapter 2 : What can I edit =========================================================================== There are two ways of editing. You can change the DOOM.EXE file, with a utility like DeHackEd, or make / modify a WAD-file. By changing the EXE file, you can change stuff like weapon damage or firing speed. Editing WAD-files gives you the possibility of changing music, textures, sound and maps. [2-1] Levels One of the most fun things to edit is a map. There are a lot of editors around to edit a map. You have a few options : - Editing one of the original maps (from the DOOM.WAD file) - Editing a map from someone else - Create your own map from scratch The first two can give a problem. The original maps are copyrighted. Also a lot of people don't give you the right to alter their maps. More info is usually in the TXT-file which comes with the WAD-file. Also when you create a map, use the template discussed in appendix A to give other people information about their rights regarding your files. There are a lot of map-editors on the Internet. Some of them require a separate nodebuilder. Most editors are shareware so you can try before you buy. Where to get the files is described in chapter 5. [2-2] Graphics DOOM allows changing graphics, like a wall or a monster. Again the legal part: You are not allowed to change the original graphics and put them in a separate patch WAD (PWAD) file. For texture changing you'll need a good photo-editing program. DOOM uses its own color palette, so your drawing program should support non- default palettes. All graphic inputfiles should be in BMP or GIF format. [2-3] Music and sound Thanks to id, who released the MIDI2MUS utility, we are able to make our own music. A MIDI file can be converted to a MUS file, which is the DOOM format for music. This is pretty easy stuff, and can change to mood of a level completely. If you have a SoundBlaster (TM) or 100% compatible soundcard you can also record your own WAV-files and insert them in a PWAD file. So next time a sargeant sees you, you could make him yell "He you there!" instead of the growling noise. As far as I know, the Adlib and PC-speaker sound- effects can not be changed. But I don't think they can be improved due to the quality of these devices. If you're into DOOM and want some excellent sound and music, go get an Gravis UltraSound Max or a SoundBlaster AWE 32. [2-4] DOOM.EXE editing The last thing I will discuss is the EXE file editing. There are just a few utilities for this, since this is one of the hardest parts of DOOM editing. The only two I know are DeHackEd and D2, which are not reviewed, since I do not have enough knowledge about EXE-editing. Changing the EXE file has one big disadvantage, the DOOM.EXE file will be modified so it can't be patched to a higher version. So back up the EXE file before editing it! WAD-files are easier to edit and to distribute and don't make any changes in the original game files. Editing the EXE file is also only possible for DOS and Linux. It can be used to cheat, by making faster weapons or getting more health, but it also be applied to change the behaviour of monsters and create all sorts of cool effects. Just like the DOOM.WAD file, the executable is copyrighted and you should not distribute a modified version. id has however unofficially accepted that DHE/D2 patches to produce modified executables can be distributed. ---Conclusion--- Probably the best thing for you, after you have read the DOOM FAQ by Hank Leukart and The Unofficial DOOM specs by Matt Fell is to start with the level editing. Then work your way up editing sounds, music, and then the graphics. If you are still not satisfied, try the EXE editing. Also keep the DOOM level design FAQ by Tom Neff at hand, this can be one of your biggest "DOOM editing books". Additionally, see the WAD Designers Handbook by Bill McClendon. But please remember before you start to MAKE A BACKUP OF ALL THE GAME FILES! For more information look in the RGCD FAQ by Frans P. de Vries, which is posted weekly in the rec.games.computer.doom.* newsgroups. =========================================================================== Chapter 3 : Most used editors with background information =========================================================================== [3-1] Level editors The first thing you will have to decide is to get an editor that will run on your system. If you are running under Linux or OS/2 you won't have as much choice as when you were running under DOS. Editing under Windows is something special. It is very hard to run DOOM under Windows, so if you get yourself a Windows editor, you will have to realise that you'll keep switching between DOS and Windows, which will take much time and can be frustrating. I will try to give you the latest version number, but I can't get everything right the first time. If you want your editor here or you see a version which is outdated, please contact me. ---DEU--- Written by Raphael Quinet (quinet@montefiore.ulg.ac.be) and Brendon J Wyber (b.wyber@csc.canterburg.ac.nz) The current version is 5.3 beta 9. Also available is a 32-bits version, 5.21 GC. This was one of the first editors around. It runs under just about all platforms since you have to compile it yourself using a C compiler and features all the necessary options for creating a good WAD file. It allows you to insert DEMO files, edit maps, check maps for errors and much, much more. My biggest problem with DEU was the user-unfriendly interface. You have to keep the manual with you the first weeks you work with DEU to look up the right way to get things done. + Very powerful + Allows editing of DOOM, DOOM II, Heretic + Lot of graphic modes supported (VGA, SVGA in 640x480 and 800x600) - Not a very userfriendly program - Doesn't support stuff like autobuilding of stairs A lot of people have written tutorials for DEU. Get one of them and save yourself a lot of trouble. For people who don't like the interface of DEU there is a Windows version called WinDEU. I've only tried version 5.9 (the new 32-bits test version) but I must say that it's quite an improvement over the older versions. The big increase of speed is very welcome, specially on large maps. This could become even more populair than DOS DEU, if they can get all bugs out and make it a bit more stable. ---Deth--- Written by Antony Burden (antony@cis.compuserve.com) and Simon Oke Current version is 3.92 Also a DOS editor, pretty much the same possibilities as DEU and other DOS-based editors since it was based on the DEU source code. Again pretty easy to use. For Hexen editing get Heth, this is a special Deth version for Hexen. + Good user interface + Fast (pretty much because it is a DOS program, like other DOS programs) ---DeeP--- Written by Sensor Based Systems (sbs@wolfenet.com) Reviewed version 8.40 Current version is 8.50 DeeP is a DOS based editor with (wat a change) a nice user inter- face and a lot of tutorial stuff included. But again no install file. This is very powerful stuff. Also a 32-bits version out. It can put a lot of separate PWAD files into one big one. The editor allows you to see the textures you can use for e.g. a wall. It also contains some info about DOOM itself. The interface looks somewhat like Windows. Support for DOOM, DOOM ][, Heretic, Hexen and Strife. Hexen support is superb : built in Hexen script support (only in registered version) + Easy to use + Works under DOS and still has a good interface + Very fast - Can't think of anything right now ---DCK (DOOM constuction kit)--- Written by Ben Morris (bmorris@islandnet.com) Current version is 3.6.1 Another DOS based editor, but with a better user interface. One of the most powerful editors I have come across yet. It has built-in functions for building doors, stairs and elevators. Really good. If you hate Windows, this is probably the best editor for you. It works on all id games for now. + Real easy to use + Lots of work is done for you when building stairs and elevators - Can't think of anything right now ---EdMap--- Written by Jeff Rabenhorst (araya@wam.umd.edu) Reviewed version 1.31 Current version is 1.40, but this is still pretty unstable. Again a DOS based editor, but the interface could use some extra work. The tutorial files are pretty good. This editor (also) looks a bit like DEU. All important functions for building maps are included. All pretty standard I guess. Contains some fun stuff, like autobuilding of stairs, elevators and teleporters. + Lots of extra's for levelediting + Nice config. program ---DoomEd--- Written by Geoff Allen (allang@agt.net) The current version is 4.2 which is for Windows 3.1 DoomEd is one of the first Windows based editors. It features almost everything you expect from an editor. It is very easy to use and has a lot of handy tools for standard procedures like building stairs. DoomEd can handle multilevel WAD-files, demo's, music and much more. If only a good online help was included. Best is you get to choose the way of nodebuilding! + Very easy to use + Almost everything can be inserted / removed + Can make PWAD files and DWD files (for IDBSP nodebuilder) - Can crash at the most weird times - Editing things on big levels is a bit shaky sometimes - Sometimes doesn't save correctly ---DOOMCad--- Written by Matt Tagliaferri (matt.tagliaferri@pcohio.com) Current is 6.1 which is for both versions, and runs under Windows 3.1 I have had a hard time getting this editor up and running, but it was worth the effort. This is a very nice Windows editor, and although not with as many possibilities as DoomEd, DCK or DEU, still more than enough for beginners to "get the hang of it". Unfortunately it doesn't allow you to make multilevel PWAD files, but there are several utilities that can combine a bunch of lose PWAD file into one big PWAD file. Also scrolling of the map isn't very easy since there are no scrolling bars (why?) + Very easy to use + Clear and useful online help file - Hard to set up (no nice setup file included!) - Not enough stuff in it for advanced editing ---Renegade Graphics DoomED--- Written by Renegade Graphics (renegade@execpc.com) Current version is 2.20 for running under Windows 3.1 This is a nice editor, with a good install program and a nice looking editor screen. It runs under Windows. And again, no online helpfile. But there is a nice textfile included with more info on building your own map. I have has some trouble working with this one. For instance, you can't move around in your map very easy with a scrollbar or something like it. Also making multilevel PWAD files is very difficult or even impossible. + Easy to use + Lots of things can be adjusted to your own taste - Editing multilevels is (nearly) impossible - Only good for maps ---WadAuthor--- Written by Williston Consulting Current version 1.2 for Win95/Windows NT or Win32S 1.3 or higher This is definately one of the most stable and easy to use Windows editors around. It features multimap making and lots more. After registering the authors even give you a bonus, some DOS utilities to list and change WAD files. The editor has some very nice things, like showing a picture of the thing instead of some coloured dot. The help files are very clear even to newbies :) + Easy to use + Can edit almost all maps (Hexen and Ultimate DOOM also!) - Zooming isn't very comfortable And last there are some editors now for Apple users. No review since I don't know one little thing about Apples. Anyone....? Same goes for Linux and other platforms. [3-2] Graphics, Sound and Music Editors When people make their own WAD files, they usually want to change the graphics as well, to make something that is really their own product. This can be done with a graphics editor. Wall textures are made out of patches. We have wall textures existing of one patch, like the ashwall texture, and textures that are created by combining more patches like all the switch textures. A flat (floor or ceiling graphic) is always one entry. So it is possible to get a picture, convert it to a GIF or BMP file that is 128x128 pixels (or any power of two) and put it in DOOM as a graphic, to make a patch out of it. The patch can be used to create a texture. DOOM uses a different color palette, so your photo-like pictures may turn out to be terrible once you get to see them in DOOM. Best is to get a program like Paint Shop Pro and extract the palette from a picture and use this for creating new graphics. To make something in a graphic transparant use a unique color and pass on the RGB value for this color to your importing tool. The tool will change the graphic so DOOM can use it the way you want it. Due to some fault (??) in the DOOM engine the flats (floor and ceiling textures) can't be changed like this. There are two ways to (legally) do this. One is to make a WAD file with only the necessary new flats and let the user use DeuSF to include all other flats in the WAD so it works. Method number two is to change ALL the flats and put them in your PWAD. Floors and ceilings CAN'T be animated. The most tricky part is replacing sprites. All monsters and some objects have 8 views. To replace the graphics correctly you need to replace all of the views or things will look weird. Some things are animated, like barrels. You CAN'T make the animation cycle bigger without changing the DOOM.EXE file. ---DeuTex and DeuSF--- Written by Olivier Montanuy (?.?@compuserve.com) Current DeuTex version 3.6 DeuSF version 3.8 DeuTex is a DOS utility which is run from the command prompt. There is a Windows shell, but this doesn't improve things very much. This utility is very powerful and can import to and extract graphics from a WAD file. Picture format is BMP or GIF. It can also build/rebuild PWAD files. It basically can extract or import ALL entries in a WAD file. DeuSF is for making PWAD files with changed sprites or flats. This is normally not possible. Supports GIF, BMP, WAV, AU and MUS. + Can do almost everything + Good manuals available - Not very easy to learn ---WinTex-- Also written by Olivier Montanuy Current version is 4.2 To make up for the inconvenience using DeuTex, DeuSF and other DOS- based utilities, this neat Windows program controls all these DOS programs by running them using a PIF file. The program is just a shell that sets up the programs parameters. It is very easy to use and all of your knowledge from the DOS utilities can still be used. + Combines the good things from the DOS utilities and the Windows interface - I don't really know ---NWT (New WAD Tools)--- Written by Denis Moeller Current version 1.3. NWTpro 1.4 beta 1 is out but still a beta... Just like WinTex, this is something you just have to get and try. It does almost everything Wintex can, and runs under DOS. This is really great stuff you guys. Go get it! + Importing/Exporting almost everything in WAD files. + Very clear menu structure + Also for Heretic, with a different palette! + Plays soundeffects on a SoundBlaster - Why not a cfg-file, but a -file parameter???? By changing music and sound in DOOM, you can create a totally different atmosphere. This is very easy, specially if you have some MIDI device like a keyboard. Make your own MIDI file and convert it to DOOM music. You can also extract MUS files from DOOM and convert them to MIDI. You CAN'T use a WAV file as music in DOOM or related games. Same goes for VOC and AU files. MOD files might work if they can be converted to MIDI. To record sound for DOOM you need a SoundBlaster or 100% hardware compatible soundcard. Recording is done in MONO on 11kHz. DOOM makes its own stereo-effect if needed. Maximum length is about 6 seconds. ---MIDI2MUS--- Written by id Software As far as I know this is the only way to make music for DOOM. Use a MIDI file as input, and out comes your MUS file. Easy to use. There is no alternative, but if this is still to difficult, it can be controlled by Wintex. + Easy to use - Don't know anything ---MUS2MIDI--- Written by Jochem Erdfelt (joekim.erdfelt@swcbbs.com) Version 0.9 Now let's go the other way! This is a bit trickier. Best is to use Wintex, since you will not be bugged with questions about the tempo of the song. This information is required if you run it from the command prompt. + Only one (again) but pretty good. - Not to easy to use (unless run from Wintex) [3-3] Nodebuilders and more If your editor can't build its own BSP tree you'll need a builder like BSP or IDBSP. Input is a DWD or WAD file. If your editor gives you a WAD file, and your nodes builder needs to have a DWD don't worry, this can be converted to a DWD file. Some builders also build a good reject map, to speed up the game by reducing the line-in-sight calculations. ---IDBSP--- Written by id for NextStep and ported to DOS by Ron Rossbach (ej070@cleveland.freenet.edu) Current version is 1.10 The original. Builds the smallest levels, and also the fastest. But still has some bugs, even admitted by id. Source code is available, so if you have the guts, give it a shot. It is written in C. + Fast and easy to use - DWD file needed, so most of the time you have to convert your WAD - Coprocessor highly recommended, emulating is real shitty! ---BSP--- Written by Colin Reed (dil@cix.compulink.co.uk) Current version is 1.5 This builder is available for most systems, DOS, Unix and OS/2 so everyone can use it. Most used since it was the first for DOS. Used in most editors that can build their own BSP tree. + Fast, easy and most used - WAD files are a tad slower and bigger than with IDBSP ---Warm--- Written by Robert Fenske, Jr (rfenske@swri.edu) Ported to OS/2 by Mark K. Mathews (mmathews@genesis.nred.ma.us) Current version is 1.6 Again a very good nodebuilder, the authors even claim this is one of the fastest nodebuilders around. This one indeed is fast, but the maps it builds aren't the smallest (IDBSP builds the smallest maps) but are very playable. Due to the reject builder the maps play very well. Also does other things like merging 2 PWADs into 1. Supports DOOM, DOOM ][, Heretic and Hexen. + Very fast builder + Good reject builder + Source included - WAD file size pretty big compared to IDBSP (the original) - Difficult in use when you have special effects like invisible doors - Some bugs with special shaped sectors have been reported ---Zennode-- Written by Marc Rousseau (rousseaum@pictel.com) Current version is 0.98a Again a very fast nodebuilder. Included in the ZIP file is a program to check how the BSP is build. Pretty good looks. Supports DOOM, DOOM ][, Heretic and Hexen. Also builds a reject table. Works under OS/2, DOS and Windows 95/NT. + Very fast + Easy to use - Nothing to see here...move on please ---RMB--- Written by Jens Hykkelbjerg (jensh@cybernet.dk) and Steve Benner (S.Benner@lancaster.ac.uk) Current version is 3.0 This is a very good reject builder. Works better than reject and it's behaviour can be adjusted to your taste and time. It also gives the efficiency of the reject map + Better than reject and other utilities + Easy to use - On large map it takes a LONG, LONG time ---Reject--- Written by L.M. Witek (lee@trousers.demon.co.uk) Current version is 1.10 This util only builds a reject map, so only useful if your editor does make a BSP tree but no reject map. Works pretty good. But you better get an editor that does all the work in one time or use IDBSP. + Reliable + Easy to use - This is a lot of extra work (most of the time this is not needed because the editor can do it, and most levels are not that big) ========================================================================== Chapter 4 : Authors experience ========================================================================== [4-0] Required for editing The Official DOOM FAQ by Hank Leukart, filename DMFAQ??.ZIP, where ?? is the version number. 66 (6.666) is the latest. The Unofficial DOOM specs by Matt Fell, filename DMSPEC??.TXT or .ZIP, where ?? is the version number, 16 (1.666) is the latest. If you have decided which platform to use get some editors, best is to get one listed since these are the most used. Also needed are : - A fast computer (486) with 8Mb and a big HD for easy working, especially if you want to edit under Windows. If you don't have 8Mb and a 486, don't try editing under Windows, but go to DOS unless you want to spend half of your time waiting while Windows is starting up or (re)building a map. - A lot of patience. - Try getting all versions of DOOM and DOOM ][ to test your WAD file! If your PWAD doesn't work with one or more versions, mention this in the WAD template (appendix A). For DOOM the latest version is The Ultimate DOOM with DOOM OS version 1.9, for DOOM ][ it's 1.9 also. This is it. id has no plans to go any further. Heretic's latest version is 1.3, and Hexen's latest version is 1.1, with 8 player capabilities included! - Before starting, READ the unofficial DOOM specs and the Official DOOM FAQ and anything else you can get. - A freezer with some beer or something like it. - A really sick mind filled with hellish idea's for levels (just kidding!!) [4-1] Level editing I started editing using DEU and DeeP, but since I like Windows more and I already had DoomEd on some shareware floppy, I started using DoomEd and I still do! In my opinion, DoomEd is one of the best editors. It can make multilevel WAD files, you can use almost unlimited pre- defined sector styles and all graphics can be viewed for easy editing. Recently I started using WadAuthor, after finding out it wouldn't run on my system because I needed Win32S version 1.30. This is now my main level editor although I still use DoomEd for some special things. And why not have the good things of both ? One of the best things about DoomEd is that everything is sector- oriented. So you make 2 sectors, and then connect the vertices by dragging them along the screen with the mouse and that's all! Making doors and stairs is easy, most work is done for you, even the texture aligning. [4-2] Graphics editing I have to admit that I am pretty new to this stuff. I myself use WinTex 4.2 since I hate all the stand-alone DOS utilities. WinTex has all these files, and can control them all. As photo editor I use CorelDraw 5.0, but shareware stuff like Paint Shop Pro is just as good and easier to learn. NWT is also pretty handy since I don't have to load Windows to change one small thing. [4-3] Music and sound editing Since I am also a musician, I am pretty much into MIDI files. As MIDI editor I use Recording Session, a (again!) Windows program. The converting is done using WinTex and inserting is done by DoomEd. MIDI files can be grabbed from BBS's and also from Internet. Try picking one that fits with the mood of your level! Editing sounds is a little bit more tricky. Since I have a Sound- Blaster AWE 32 I use some Creative software for recording the WAV file. WAV files are also available on BBS's and Internet if you are too lazy to make them on your own. Importing done by WinTex. Conclusion: I do everything with DoomEd and Wintex. Wintex can control more stuff than is included in the ZIP file, read the text files and get the other files as well, you won't be sorry. Always try to get the latest version of all programs, these usually have less bugs. If you are new to editing, try getting some good WAD's. A good list like the one in the Official DOOM FAQ will help. The DOOM WAD yellow pages can help on this too, at http://www.vivanet.com/pecora19/dwyp/dwyp.html. Also try the WTF productions site, a DOOM II support group, they're at http://www.gamers.org/wtf. And remember, becoming good at something usually takes a lot of time and practice so keep trying and don't be ashamed to ask questions. The perfect newsgroup for editing questions is of course rec.computer.games.doom.editing. This is the homebase for all DOOM level editors. The people here can answer almost all of your questions. Good luck with your WAD making career! =========================================================================== Chapter 5 : Where to get the stuff =========================================================================== [5-1] FTP-sites Look in the REC.COMPUTER.GAMES.DOOM.* newsgroups. There is a FTP- and WWW-FAQ with all major DOOM sites listed, which is always up-to-date. It's at http://www.cdrom.com/pub/idgames/docs/rgcd-pips/FTP_WWW_sites.html too. All FTP-sites are anonymous, so your name is ANONYMOUS and the password is your email adress. Also for a list of where to get most DOOM related software get the RGCD FAQ by Frans P. de Vries. This FAQ gives latest versions of most utilities and where to get them. And finally some important news about DOOM and other 3D-games is also published here. The FAQ is updated regularly, so try obtaining the latest version. [5-2] WWW-sites id Software website http://www.idsoftware.com GT Interactive http://www.gtinteractive.com Raven http://www.ravensoft.com Hank Leukart's pages http://www.happypuppy.com/hleukart WTF productions pages http://www.gamers.org/wtf For everything else, see chapter [5-1] =========================================================================== Chapter 6 : People who have helped me with the guide =========================================================================== id Software for creating DOOM, Ultimate DOOM, DOOM II, Final DOOM, Quake, Heretic and Hexen Raven for Heretic and Hexen. Hank Leukart for writing The Official DOOM FAQ. Matt Fell for the Unofficial DOOM specs. Frans P. de Vries for the ASCII logo, and much more. Without him, this text never would exist. Raphael Quinet for comments and suggestions. Kapi for comment on text and giving me a DoomGate account :) The WTF productions group and especially D.J. Quad. Everyone else that helped me in ANY way. =========================================================================== Appendix A : WAD template, extra info about your PWAD =========================================================================== There is a special template, which everyone should fill in and include when they distribute their WAD file(s). This template gives other people all the information they need to have regarding to your WAD file(s). The template can be found on all DOOM FTP-sites (see [5-1] above) in the subdirectory docs/editing/wadtempt.zip. @START@HURRICANES, TYPHOONS AND TROPICAL CYCLONES FAQ: HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES --- PART I: DEFINITIONS, BASIC QUESTIONS, AND BASIN INFORMATION By Christopher W. Landsea NOAA Post-doctorate Researcher NOAA AOML/Hurricane Research Division 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, Florida 33149 landsea@aoml.noaa.gov 1 June, 1996 *********************** New for this month..... ....................... What is the Dvorak technique and how is it used? (Part I) How does the damage that hurricanes cause increase as a function of wind speed? (Part I) How do I convert from mph to knots (to m/s) and from inches of mercury to mb (to hPa)? (Part I) New hurricane tracking program for the Macintosh (Part II) Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane best track data available for 1995 (Part II) Where can I get real-time advisories for tropical cyclones? (Part II) Where can I get real-time tropical weather analyses and forecast fields? (Part II) Where can I get real-time ship and buoy data? (Part II) Where can I get real-time sea surface temperature data? (Part II) Where can I get real-time satellite pictures? (Part II) Where can I get real-time radar data? (Part II) Where can I get real-time hurricane aircraft reconnaissance data? (Part II) Where can I get real-time tropical cyclone motion and intensity model forecasts? (Part II) Where can I get tropical cyclone preparedness information? (Part II) ....................... New for this month..... *********************** This is currently a two-part FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions report) that is in its eighth incarnation (version 1.8). However, there may be some errors or discrepancies that have not yet been found. If you do see an item that needs correction, please contact me directly. This file (Part I) contains various definitions, answers for some specific questions, and information about the various tropical cyclone basins. Part II provides sites that you can access both real-time information about tropical cyclones, what is available on-line for historical storms, as well as good books to read and various references for tropical cyclones. Keep in mind that this FAQ is not considered a reviewed paper to reference. Its main purpose is to provide quick answers for (naturally) frequently asked questions as well as to be a pointer to various sources of information. I'd like to thank various people for helping to put together this FAQ: Sim Aberson, Jack Beven, Gary Padgett, Tom Berg, Julian Heming, Neal Dorst and Gary Gray all provided substantial bits to this FAQ. Also thanks to the many people who provided additional questions and information for this FAQ: Ilana Stern, Dave Pace, Dave Blanchard, Ken Fung, James (I R A Aggie) Stricherz, Mike Dettinger, Jan Schloerer, Eric Blake, Jeff Kepert, Frank Woodcock, Roger Edson, Bill Cherepy, Stephen Jascourt, Kelly Dean, Malcolm ??? and Jon Gill. Many thanks also to Jan Null for providing the first .html version of the FAQ. If I didn't get to all the suggested FAQs, I'll try to include them in future versions. Where can I get the latest version of this document????? -------------------------------------------------------- The two portions for this FAQ are posted monthly on sci.geo.meteorology and on sci.environment usually early in each month. One can also ftp to retrieve the latest files at: downdry.atmos.colostate.edu. Login as 'anonymous' and password as your email address. The files are in the pub directory. If you do not have ftp access, you can request copies from me directly via email. The easiest way to get the latest version would be via the World Wide Web and your favorite web server. Surf to: http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/ *************************************************************************** OUTLINE ------- DEFINITIONS, BASIC QUESTIONS, AND BASIN INFORMATION 1) What is a hurricane, typhoon, or tropical cyclone? 2) Why are tropical cyclones named? 3) What are the tropical cyclone names through 1998? 4) How are tropical cyclones different from mid-latitude storms? 5) How are tropical cyclones different from tornadoes? 6) Which is the most intense tropical cyclone on record? 7) Which tropical cyclone intensified the fastest? 8) Which tropical cyclone has produced the highest storm surge? 9) What are the largest rainfalls associated with tropical cyclones? 10) Which are the largest and smallest tropical cyclones on record? 11) Which tropical cyclone lasted the longest? 12) Which tropical cyclones have caused the most deaths and most damage? 13) Tropical cyclone myths: 13a) Doesn't the low pressure in the tropical cyclone center cause the storm surge? 13b) Doesn't the friction over land kill tropical cyclones? 13c) Aren't big tropical cyclones also intense tropical cyclones? 14) What regions around the globe have tropical cyclones and who is responsible for forecasting there? 15) What are the average, most, and least tropical cyclones occurring in each basin? 16) What is the annual cycle of occurrence seen in each basin? 17) How are Australian tropical cyclones ranked? 18) How does El Nino-Southern Oscillation affect tropical cyclone activity around the globe? 19) What may happen with tropical cyclone activity in a 2xCO2 world? 20) Are we getting stronger and more frequent hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones in the last several years? 21) Why don't we try to destroy tropical cyclones by: pick one or more - a) seeding them with silver iodide, b) nuking them, c) placing a substance on the ocean surface, d) etc. ? 22) What is a sub-tropical cyclone? 23) What does the acronym "CDO" in a discussion of tropical cyclones mean? 24) What is a TUTT? 25) Why do tropical cyclones' winds rotate counter-clockwise (clockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere? 26) How do I convert from mph to knots (to m/s) and from inches of mercury to mb (to hPa)? 27) What is the Dvorak technique and how is it used? ATLANTIC BASIN-SPECIFIC QUESTIONS 28) How are Atlantic hurricanes ranked? 29) What are the most and least tropical cyclones occurring in the Atlantic basin and striking the USA? 30) For the U.S., what are the 10 most intense, 10 costliest, and 10 highest death toll hurricanes on record? 31) What is Prof. Gray's seasonal hurricane forecast for this year and what are the predictive factors? 32) How has Dr. Gray done in previous years of forecasting hurricanes? 33) What are those models that the Atlantic forecasters are talking about in the Inter-Governmental messages? 34) Why doesn't the South Atlantic Ocean experience tropical cyclones? 35) What names have been retired in the Atlantic basin? 36) Does an active June and July mean the rest of the season will be busy too? 37) Who are the "Hurricane Hunters" and what are they looking for? 38) Where do these easterly waves come from and what causes them? 39) What are "Cape Verde"-type hurricanes? 40) How does the damage that hurricanes cause increase as a function of wind speed? *************************************************************************** Subject: 1) What is a hurricane, typhoon, or tropical cyclone? The terms "hurricane" and "typhoon" are regionally specific names for a strong "tropical cyclone". A tropical cyclone is the generic term for a non-frontal synoptic scale low-pressure system over tropical or sub- tropical waters with organized convection (i.e. thunderstorm activity) and definite cyclonic surface wind circulation (Holland 1993). Tropical cyclones with maximum sustained surface winds (see note below) of less than 17 m/s (34 kt) are called "tropical depressions". (This is not to be confused with the condition mid-latitude people get during a long, cold and grey winter wishing they could be closer to the equator ;-) Once the tropical cyclone reaches winds of at least 17 m/s they are typically called a "tropical storm" and assigned a name. If winds reach 33 m/s (64 kt), then they are called: a "hurricane" (the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, or the South Pacific Ocean east of 160E); a "typhoon" (the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the dateline); a "severe tropical cyclone" (the Southwest Pacific Ocean west of 160E or Southeast Indian Ocean east of 90E); a "severe cyclonic storm" (the North Indian Ocean); and a "tropical cyclone" (the Southwest Indian Ocean) (Neumann 1993). Note that just the definition of "maximum sustained surface winds" depends upon who is taking the measurements. The World Meteorology Organization guidelines suggest utilizing a 10 min average to get a sustained measurement. Most countries utilize this as the standard. However the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of the USA use a 1 min averaging period to get sustained winds. This difference may provide complications in comparing the statistics from one basin to another as using a smaller averaging period may slightly raise the number of occurrences (Neumann 1993). *************************************************************************** Subject: 2) Why are tropical cyclones named? Tropical cyclones are named to provide ease of communication between forecasters and the general public regarding forecasts, watches, and warnings. Since the storms can often last a week or longer and that more than one can be occurring in the same basin at the same time, names can reduce the confusion about what storm is being described. According to Dunn and Miller (1960), the first use of a proper name for a tropical cyclone was by an Australian forecaster early in this century. He gave tropical cyclone names "after political figures whom he disliked. By properly naming a hurricane, the weatherman could publicly describe a politician (who perhaps was not too generous with weather-bureau appropriations) as 'causing great distress' or 'wandering aimlessly about the Pacific.'" (Perhaps this should be brought back into use ;-) During World War II, tropical cyclones were informally given women's names by USA Air Force and Navy meteorologists (after their girlfriends or wives) who were monitoring and forecasting tropical cyclones over the Pacific. From 1950 to 1952, tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean were identified by the phonetic alphabet (Able-Baker-Charlie-etc.), but in 1953 the USA Weather Bureau switched to women's names. In 1979, the WMO and the USA National Weather Service (NWS) switched to a list of names that also included men's names. The Northeast Pacific basin tropical cyclones were named using women's names starting in 1959 for storms near Hawaii and in 1960 for the remainder of the Northeast Pacific basin. In 1978, both men's and women's names were utilized. The Northwest Pacific basin tropical cyclones were given women's names officially starting in 1945 and men's names were also included beginning in 1979. The North Indian Ocean region tropical cyclones are not named. The Southwest Indian Ocean tropical cyclones were first named during the 1960/1961 season. The Australian and South Pacific region (east of 90E, south of the equator) started giving women's names to the storms in 1964 and both men's and women's names in 1974/1975. *************************************************************************** Subject: 3) What are the tropical cyclone names through 1998? NORTHERN HEMISPHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES (Courtesy of Gary Padgett and Jack Beven) Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea --------------------------------------- 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Arlene Alberto Allison Arthur Ana Alex Bret Beryl Barry Bertha Bill Bonnie Cindy Chris Chantal Cesar Claudette Charley Dennis Debby Dean Dolly Danny Danielle Emily Ernesto Erin Edouard Erika Earl Floyd Florence Felix Fran Fabian Frances Gert Gordon Gabrielle Gustav Grace Georges Harvey Helene Humberto Hortense Henri Hermine Irene Isaac Iris Isidore Isabel Ivan Jose Joyce Jerry Josephine Juan Jeanne Katrina Keith Karen Kyle Kate Karl Lenny Leslie Luis Lili Larry Lisa Maria Michael Marilyn Marco Mindy Mitch Nate Nadine Noel Nana Nicholas Nicole Ophelia Oscar Opal Omar Odette Otto Philippe Patty Pablo Paloma Peter Paula Rita Rafael Roxanne Rene Rose Richard Stan Sandy Sebastien Sally Sam Shary Tammy Tony Tanya Teddy Teresa Tomas Vince Valerie Van Vicky Victor Virginie Wilma William Wendy Wilfred Wanda Walter (The 1999 names will be identical to the list for 1993.) Eastern North Pacific (east of 140W) --------------------- 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Adrian Aletta Adolph Alma Andres Agatha Beatriz Bud Barbara Boris Blanca Blas Calvin Carlotta Cosme Cristina Carlos Celia Dora Daniel Dalila Douglas Dolores Darby Eugene Emilia Erick Elida Enrique Estelle Fernanda Fabio Flossie Fausto Felicia Frank Greg Gilma Gil Genevieve Guillermo Georgette Hilary Hector Henriette Hernan Hilda Howard Irwin Ileana Ismael Iselle Ignacio Isis Jova John Juliette Julio Jimena Javier Kenneth Kristy Kiko Kenna Kevin Kay Lidia Lane Lorena Lowell Linda Lester Max Miriam Manuel Marie Marty Madeline Norma Norman Narda Norbert Nora Newton Otis Olivia Octave Odile Olaf Orlene Pilar Paul Priscilla Polo Pauline Paine Ramon Rosa Raymond Rachel Rick Roslyn Selma Sergio Sonia Simon Sandra Seymour Todd Tara Tico Trudy Terry Tina Veronica Vicente Velma Vance Vivian Virgil Wiley Willa Wallis Winnie Waldo Winifred Xina Xavier Xina Xavier Xina Xavier York Yolanda York Yolanda York Yolanda Zelda Zeke Zelda Zeke Zelda Zeke (The 1999 names will be identical to the list for 1993.) Central North Pacific (from the dateline to 140W) --------------------- Akoni Aka Alika Ana Ema Ekeka Ele Ela Hana Hali Huko Halola Io Iolana Ioke Iune Keli Keoni Kika Kimo Lala Li Lana Loke Moke Mele Maka Malia Nele Nona Neki Niala Oka Oliwa Oleka Oko Peke Paka Peni Pali Uleki Upana Ulia Ulika Wila Wene Wali Walaka Each year the next name is just the one following the last from the previous year. Once through a list the next name will be off of the top of the next list. The first storm for 1996 should be Oliwa. Western North Pacific (west of the dateline) --------------------- Ann Abel Amber Alex Bart Beth Bing Babs Cam Carlo Cass Chip Dan Dale David Dawn Eve Ernie Ella Elvis Frankie Fern Fritz Faith Gloria Greg Ginger Gil Herb Hannah Hank Hilda Ian Isa Ivan Iris Joy Jimmy Joan Jacob Kirk Kelly Keith Kate Lisa Levi Linda Leo Marty Marie Mort Maggie Niki Nestor Nichole Neil Orson Opal Otto Olga Piper Peter Penny Paul Rick Rosie Rex Rachel Sally Scott Stella Sam Tom Tina Todd Tanya Violet Victor Vicki Virgil Willie Winnie Waldo Wendy Yates Yule Yanni York Zane Zita Zeb Zia Each year the next name is just the one following the last from the previous year. Once through a list the next name will be off of the top of the next list. The first storm of the year in 1996 was Dan. North Indian Ocean ------------------ Tropical cyclones in this region are not named. SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES (Thanks to Julian Heming, Jack Beven, Gary Padgett, Frank Woodcock and Jon Gill.) Southwest Indian (west of 90E) ---------------- 1995-1996 Agnielle, Bonita, Coryna, Doloresse, Edwige, Flossy, Guylianne, Hansella, Itelle, Jenna, Ketty, Lucia, Molly, Nadege, Odette, Paquerette, Rolina, Sylvianne, Talla, Vivienne, Walya, Yoline 1996-1997* 1997-1998* 1998-1999* 1999-2000* ANTOINETTE AIMAY ALDA ASTRIDE BORDELLA BIBIANNE BIRENDA BABIOLA CHANTELLE CINDY CHIKITA CONNIE DANIELLA DONALINE DAVINA DAMIENNE ELVINA ELSIE EVRINA ELINE FABRIOLA FIONA FRANCINE FELICIA GRETELLE GEMMA GENILA GLORIA HELINDA HILLARY HELVETIA HUDAH ILETTA IRELAND IRINA INNOCENTE JOSIE JUDITH JOCYNTHA JONNA KARLETTE KIMMY KRISTINA KENETHA LISETTE LYNN LINA LISANNE MARYSE MONIQUE MARSIA MAIZY NELDA NICOLE NAOMIE NELLA OCLINE OLIVETTE ORACE ORTENSIA PHYLLIS PRISCA PATRICIA PRISCILLA ROLINA RENETTE RITA REBECCA SHERYL SARAH SHIRLEY SOPHIA THELMA TANIA TINA TERRENCE VENYDA VALENCIA VERONIQUE VICTORINE WILTINA WANICKY WILVENIA WILNA YOLETTE YANDAH YASTRIDE YANSELMA [The other areas have lists which they continually rotate through - i.e. don't start again from 'A' each year] Western Australian region (last storm Chloe) (90E to 125E) -------------------------------------------- Annette, Bobby, Chloe, Daryl, Emma, Frank, Gertie, Hubert, Isobel, Jacob, Kirsty, Lindsay, Margot, Nicholas, Ophelia, Pancho, Rhonda, Selwyn, Tiffany, Victor, Alison, Billy, Connie, Damien, Elsie, Frederic, Gwenda, Herbie, Ilona, John, Kirrily, Leon, Marcia, Ned, Olga, Pedro, Rosita, Sam, Tina, Vincent, Walter, Alex, Bessi, Chris, Daphne, Errol, Fifi, Graham, Harriet, Ian, Jane, Ken, Lena, Monty, Naomi, Oscar, Pearl, Quenton, Sharon, Tim, Vivienne, Willy Northern Australian region (last storm Neville) (125E to 137E) ----------------------------------------------- Amelia, Bruno, Coral, Dominic, Esther, Ferdinand, Gretel, Hector, Irma, Jason, Kay, Laurence, Marian, Neville, Olivia, Phil, Rachel, Sid, Thelma, Vance, Winsome, Alistair, Bonnie, Craig, Debbie, Evan, Fay, George, Helen, Ira, Jasmine, Kim, Laura, Matt, Nicola, Oswald, Penny, Russell, Sandra, Trevor, Valerie, Warwick Eastern Australian region (last storm Agnes) (137E to 160E, south of ~10S) -------------------------------------------- Agnes, Barry, Celeste, Dennis, Ethel, Fergus, Gillian, Harold, Justin, Katrina, Les, May, Nathan, Olinda, Pete, Rona, Steve, Tessi, Vaughan, Abigail, Bernie, Claudia, Des, Elinor, Fritz, Grace, Harvey, Ingrid, Jim, Kathy, Lance, Monica, Nigel, Odette, Pierre, Rebecca, Sandy, Tania, Vernon, Wendy, Alfred, Blanch, Charlie, Delilah, Ernie, Felicity, Greg, Hilda, Ivor, Joyce, Kelvin, Lisa, Mark, Nina, Owen, Polly, Roger, Sadie, Theodore, Violet, Warren Fiji Area next 10 names (last storm William) (160E to 120W) -------------------------------------------- Yasi, Zaka, Atu, Beti, Cyril, Drena, Evan, Freda, Gavin, Hina Papua New Guinea (last storm Adel) (140E to 160E, north of ~10S) ---------------------------------- Adel, Epi, Guba, Ila, Kamo, Tako, Upia *************************************************************************** Subject: 4) How are tropical cyclones different from mid-latitude storms? The tropical cyclone is a low-pressure system which derives its energy primarily from evaporation from the sea in the presence of high winds and lowered surface pressure and the associated condensation in convective clouds concentrated near its center (Holland 1993). Mid-latitude storms (low pressure systems with associated cold fronts, warm fronts, and occluded fronts) primarily get their energy from the horizontal temperature gradients that exist in the atmosphere. Structurally, tropical cyclones have their strongest winds near the earth's surface (a consequence of being "warm-core" in the troposphere), while mid-latitude storms have their strongest winds near the tropopause (a consequence of being "warm-core" in the stratosphere and "cold-core" in the troposphere). "Warm-core" refers to being relatively warmer than the environment at the same pressure surface ("pressure surfaces" are simply another way to measure height or altitude). *************************************************************************** Subject: 5) How are tropical cyclones different from tornadoes? While both tropical cyclones and tornadoes are atmospheric vortices, they have little in common. Tornadoes have diameters on the scale of 100s of meters and are produced from a single convective storm (i.e. a thunderstorm or cumulonimbus). A tropical cyclone, however, has a diameter on the scale of 100s of *kilometers* and is comprised of several to dozens of convective storms. Additionally, while tornadoes require substantial vertical shear of the horizontal winds (i.e. change of wind speed and/or direction with height) to provide ideal conditions for tornado genesis, tropical cyclones require very low values (less than 10 m/s or 20 kt) of tropospheric vertical shear in order to form and grow. These vertical shear values are indicative of the horizontal temperature fields for each phenomena: tornadoes are produced in regions of large temperature gradient, while tropical cyclones are generated in regions of near zero horizontal temperature gradient. Tornadoes are primarily an over-land phenomena as solar heating of the land surface usually contributes toward the development of the thunderstorm that spawns the vortex (though over-water tornadoes have occurred). In contrast, tropical cyclones are purely an oceanic phenomena - they die out over-land due to a loss of a moisture source. Lastly, tropical cyclones have a lifetime that is measured in days, while tornadoes typically last on the scale of minutes. An interesting side note is that tropical cyclones at landfall often provide the conditions necessary for tornado formation. As the tropical cyclone makes landfall and begins decaying, the winds at the surface die off quicker than the winds at, say, 850 mb. This sets up a fairly strong vertical wind shear that allows for the development of tornadoes, especially on the tropical cyclone's right side (with respect to the forward motion of the tropical cyclone). For the southern hemisphere, this would be a concern on the tropical cyclone's left side - due to the reverse spin of southern hemisphere storms. (Novlan and Gray 1974) *************************************************************************** Subject: 6) Which is the most intense tropical cyclone on record? Typhoon Tip in the Northwest Pacific Ocean on 12 October 1979 was measured to have a central pressure of 870 mb and estimated surface sustained winds of 85 m/s (165 kt) (Dunnavan and Diercks 1980). Typhoon Nancy on 12 September, 1961 is listed in the best track data for the Northwest Pacific region as having an estimated maximum sustained winds of 185 kt with a central pressure of 888 mb. However, it is now recognized (Black 1992) that the maximum sustained winds estimated for typhoons during the 1940s to 1960s were too strong and that the 185 kt (and numerous 160 kt to 180 kt reports) is somewhat too high. Note that Hurricane Gilbert's estimated 888 mb lowest pressure in mid- September 1988 is the most intense [as measured by lowest sea level pressure] for the Atlantic basin (Willoughby et al 1989), it is almost 20 mb weaker (higher) than the above Typhoon Tip of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. While the central pressures for the Northwest Pacific typhoons are the lowest globally, the North Atlantic hurricanes have provided sustained wind speeds possibly comparable to the Northwest Pacific. From the best track database, both Hurricane Camille (1969) and Hurricane Allen (1980) have winds that are estimated to be 165 kt. Measurements of such winds are inherently going to be suspect as instruments often are completely destroyed or damaged at these speeds. *************************************************************************** Subject: 7) Which tropical cyclone intensified the fastest? Typhoon Forrest in September 1983 in the Northwest Pacific Ocean deepened by 100 mb (976 to 876 mb) in just under 24 hr (Roger Edson, personal communication). Estimated surface sustained winds increased a maximum of 30 kt in 6 hr and 85 kt in one day (from 65 to 150 kt). *************************************************************************** Subject: 8) Which tropical cyclone has produced the highest storm surge? The Bathurst Bay Hurricane produced a 13 m (about 42 ft) surge in Bathurst Bay, Australia in 1899 (Whittingham 1958). *************************************************************************** Subject: 9) What are the largest rainfalls associated with tropical cyclones? 12 hr: 1144 mm (45.0") at Foc-Foc, La Reunion Island in Tropical Cyclone Denise, 7-8 January, 1966. 24 hr: 1825 mm (71.8") at Foc-Foc, La Reunion Island in Tropical Cyclone Denise, 7-8 January, 1966. 48 hr: 2467 mm (97.1") at Aurere, La Reunion Island 8-10 April, 1958. 72 hr: 3240 mm (127.6") at Grand-Ilet, La Reunion Island in Tropical Cyclone Hyacinthe, 24-27 January, 1980. 10 d: 5678 mm (223.5") at Commerson, La Reunion Island in Tropical Cyclone Hyacinthe, 18-27 January, 1980. (Holland 1993) *************************************************************************** Subject: 10) Which are the largest and smallest tropical cyclones on record? Typhoon Tip had gale force winds (15 m/s) which extended out for 1100 km in radius in the Northwest Pacific on 12 October, 1979 (Dunnavan and Diercks 1980). Tropical Cyclone Tracy had gale force winds that only extended 50 km radius when it struck Darwin, Australia, on 24 December, 1974 (Bureau of Meteorology 1977). *************************************************************************** Subject: 11) Which tropical cyclone lasted the longest? Hurricane/Typhoon John lasted 31 days as it traveled both the Northeast and Northwest Pacific basins during August and September 1994. (It formed in the Northeast Pacific, reached hurricane force there, moved across the dateline and was renamed Typhoon John, and then finally recurved back across the dateline and renamed Hurricane John again.) Hurricane Ginger was a tropical cyclone for 28 days in the North Atlantic Ocean back in 1971. *************************************************************************** Subject: 12) Which tropical cyclones have caused the most deaths and most damage? "The death toll in the infamous Bangladesh Cyclone of 1970 has had several estimates, some wildly speculative, but it seems certain that at least 300,000 people died from the associated storm tide [surge] in the low-lying deltas." (Holland 1993) The largest damage caused by a tropical cyclone as estimated by monetary amounts has been Hurricane Andrew (1992) as it struck the Bahamas, Florida and Louisiana, USA: US $30 *Billion* (R. Sheets - personal communication 1996). Most of this figure was due to destruction in southeast Florida. *************************************************************************** Subject: 13) Tropical cyclone myths: 13a) Doesn't the low pressure in the tropical cyclone center cause the storm surge? No. Many people assume that the partial vacuum at the center of a tropical cyclone allows the ocean so rise up in response, thus causing the destructive storm surges as the cyclone makes landfall. However, this effect would be, for example, with a 900 mb central pressure tropical cyclone, only 1.0 m (3 ft). The total storm surge for a tropical cyclone of this intensity can be from 6 to 10 m (19 to 33 ft), or more. Most (>85%) of the storm surge is caused by winds pushing the ocean surface ahead of the storm on the right side of the track (left side of the track in the Southern Hemisphere). Since the surface pressure gradient (from the tropical cyclone center to the environmental conditions) determines the wind strength, the central pressure indirectly does indicate the height of the storm surge, but not directly. Note also that individual storm surges are dependent upon the coastal topography, angle of incidence of landfall, speed of tropical cyclone motion as well as the wind strength. *************************************************************************** Subject: 13) Tropical cyclone myths: 13b) Doesn't the friction over land kill tropical cyclones? No. Friction acts to accelerate the low-level inflow, which by itself is not harmful to the tropical cyclone. But over land the tropical cyclone lacks the moisture flux from the surface that fuels the convection. Without the deep convection near the storm center, the cyclone rapidly fills. Numerical simulations have actually shown that if a tropical cyclone makes landfall over land that is very moist (a swampy region for example), that the tropical cyclone *intensifies* (Tuleya and Kurihara 1978). Wakimoto and Black (1993) suggest that this might have occurred in the case of Hurricane Andrew striking Florida. *************************************************************************** Subject: 13) Tropical cyclone myths: 13c) Aren't big tropical cyclones also intense tropical cyclones? No. There is very little association between intensity (either measured by maximum sustained winds or by central pressure) and size (either measured by radius of 15 m/s [gale force] winds or the radius of the outer closed isobar) (Weatherford and Gray 1988). Hurricane Andrew is a good example of a very intense tropical cyclone (922 mb central pressure and 64 m/s (125 kt) sustained winds at landfall in Florida) that was also relatively small (15 m/s winds extended out only about 150 km from the center). Weatherford and Gray (1988) also showed that changes of both intensity and size are essentially independent of one another. *************************************************************************** Subject: 14) What regions around the globe have tropical cyclones and who is responsible for forecasting there? There are seven tropical cyclone "basins" where storms occur on a regular basis: --- Atlantic basin (including the North Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea) --- Northeast Pacific basin (from Mexico to about the dateline) --- Northwest Pacific basin (from the dateline to Asia including the South China Sea) --- North Indian basin (including the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) --- Southwest Indian basin (from Africa to about 100E) --- Southeast Indian/Australian basin (100E to 142E) --- Australian/Southwest Pacific basin (142E to about 120W) The National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida, USA has responsibil- ities for monitoring and forecasting tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific basin east of 140W. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center has responsibilities for the remainder of the Northeast Pacific basin to the dateline. The Northwest Pacific basin is shared in forecasting duties by China, Thailand, Korea, Japan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. The North Indian basin tropical cyclones are forecasted by India, Thailand, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, and Sri Lanka. Reunion Island, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, and Kenya provide forecasts for the Southwest Indian basin. Australia and Indonesia forecast tropical cyclone activity in the Southeast Indian/Australian basin. Lastly, for the Australian/Southwest Pacific basin Australia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, and New Zealand forecast tropical cyclones. Note also that the USA Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issues warnings for tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific, the North Indian, the Southwest Indian, the Southeast Indian/Australian, and the Australian/Southwest Pacific basins, though they are not specifically tasked to do so by the WMO. The USA Naval Western Oceanography Center in Pearl Harbor, Honolulu does the same for the Pacific Ocean east of 180E. (Neumann 1993) Note that on rare occasions, tropical cyclones (or storms that appear to be similar in structure to tropical cyclones) can develop in the Mediterranean Sea. These have been noted to occur in September 1947, September 1969, January 1982, September 1983, and, most recently, during 13 to 17 January, 1995. Some study of these storms has been reported on by Mayengon (1984) and Ernest and Matson (1983), though it has not been demonstrated fully that these storms are the same as those found over tropical waters. It may be that these Mediterranean tropical cyclones are more similar in nature to polar lows. The following are the addresses of tropical cyclone centers listed above that are responsible for issuing advisories and/or warnings on tropical cyclones (thanks to Jack Beven for these): National Hurricane Center Mail: 11691 SW 17th St. Miami, FL 33165-2149 USA Central Pacific Hurricane Center Mail: National Weather Service Forecast Office University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Meteorology 2525 Correa Rd. (HIG) Honolulu, HI 96822 USA Naval Pacific Meteorological and Oceanographic Center Mail: NPMOC/AJTWC Box 113 Pearl Harbor, HI 96860 USA Joint Typhoon Warning Center - Guam Mail: NPMOCW/JTWC PCS 486, Box 17 FPO AP 96536-0051 USA Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo, Japan - Typhoon Center Mail: Japanese Meteorological Agency 1-3-4 Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo Japan Royal Observatory - Hong Kong Mail: 134A Nathan Road Kowloon Hong Kong Bangkok Tropical Cyclone Warning Center - Thailand Mail: Director Meteorological Department 4353 Sukumvit Rd. Bangkok 10260 Thailand Fiji Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Mail: Director Fiji Meteorological Services Private Mail Bag Nadi Airport Fiji New Zealand Meteorological Service Mail: Director Met Service PO Box 722 Wellington New Zealand Port Moresby Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Mail: Director National Weather Service PO Box 1240 Boroko, NCD Paupa New Guinea Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Mail: Regional Director Bureau of Meteorology GPO Box 413 Brisbane 4001 Australia Darwin Tropical cyclone Warning Center Mail: Regional Director Bureau of Meteorology GPO Box 735 Darwin 5790 Australia Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Mail: Regional Director Bureau of Meteorology GPO Box 6080 Perth 9001 Australia Jakarta, Indonesia Mail: Director Analysis and Processing Centre Jalan Arief Rakhman Hakim 3 Jakarta Indonesia Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre - Reunion Mail: Director of Meteorological Services PO Box 4 97490 Sainte Clotilde Reunion Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Warning Center - Mauritius Mail: Director of Meteorological Service Vacoas Mauritius Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Warning Center - Madagascar Mail: Director of Meteorological Service PO Box 1254 Antananarivo 101 Madagascar Nairobi, Kenya Mail: Director of Meteorological Services PO Box 30259 Nairobi Kenya Maputo, Mozambique Mail: Director of Meteorology PO Box 256 Maputo Mozambique The following cities are also mentioned as tropical cyclone warning centers, though I don't have the addresses for them. Philippines: Manilla China: Beijing Dalian Shanghai Guangzhou Korea: Seoul Vietnam: Hanoi India: New Delhi Calcutta Bombay Bangladesh: Dhaka Burma: Rangoon Sri Lanka: Colombo Maldive Islands: Male *************************************************************************** Subject: 15) What are the average, most, and least tropical cyclones occurring in each basin? Based on data from 1968-1989 (1968/69 to 1989/90 for the Southern Hemisphere): Tropical Storm or stronger Hurricane/Typhoon/Severe Tropical Cyclone (>17 m/s sustained winds) (>33 m/s sustained winds) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Basin Most/Least Average Most/Least Average Atlantic 18/4 9.7 12/2 5.4 NE Pacific 23/8 16.5 14/4 8.9 NW Pacific 35/19 25.7 24/11 16.0 N Indian 10/1 5.4 6/0 2.5 SW Indian 15/6 10.4 10/0 4.4 SE Indian/Aus 11/1 6.9 7/0 3.4 Aus/SW Pacific 16/2 9.0 11/2 4.3 Globally 103/75 83.7 65/34 44.9 Note that the data includes subtropical storms in the Atlantic basin numbers. (Neumann 1993) Starting in 1944, systematic aircraft reconnaissance was commenced for monitoring both tropical cyclones and disturbances that had the potential to develop into tropica cyclones. This is why both Neumann et al. (1993) and Landsea (1993) recommend utilizing data since 1944 for computing climatological statistics. However, for tropical cyclones striking the USA East and Gulf coasts - because of highly populated coast lines, data with good reliability extends back to around 1899. Thus, the following records hold for the entire Atlantic basin (from 1944-1995) and for the USA coastline (1899-1995): Maximum Minimum Tropical storms/hurricanes: 19*(1995) 4 (1983) Hurricanes: 12 (1969) 2 (1982) Intense Hurricanes: 7 (1950) 0 (many times,1994 last) USA landfalling storms/hurricanes: 8 (1916) 1 (many,1991) USA landfalling hurricanes: 6 (1916,1985) 0 (many,1994) USA landfalling intense hurricanes: 3 (1909,33,54) 0 (many,1994) (*) As a footnote, 1933 is recorded as being the most active of any Atlantic basin season on record (reliable or otherwise) with 21 tropical storms and hurricanes. For the Northeast Pacific, the records stand at maximums of 27 tropical storms/hurricanes in 1992 and 16 hurricanes in 1990. Reliable records go back in this basin to around 1966 when geostationary satellite coverage began. For the Northwest Pacific, the peak year stands at 1964 with 39 tropical storms, 26 of which became typhoons. Reliable records for this basin begin around 1960. *************************************************************************** Subject: 16) What is the annual cycle of occurrence seen in each basin? While the Atlantic hurricane season is "officially" from 1 June to 30 November, the Atlantic basin shows a very peaked season with 78% of the tropical storm days, 87% of the minor (Saffir-Simpson Scale categories 1 and 2 - see subject 28) hurricane days, and 96% of the intense (Saffir- Simpson categories 3, 4 and 5) hurricane days occuring in August through October (Landsea 1993). Peak activity is in early to mid September. Once in a few years there may be a tropical cyclone occurring "out of season" - primarily in May or December. The Northeast Pacific basin has a broader peak with activity beginning in late May or early June and going until late October or early November with a peak in storminess in late August/early September. The Northwest Pacific basin has tropical cyclones occurring all year round regularly though there is a distinct minimum in February and the first half of March. The main season goes from July to November with a peak in late August/early September. The North Indian basin has a double peak of activity in May and November though tropical cyclones are seen from April to December. The severe cyclonic storms (>33 m/s winds) occur almost exclusively from April to June and late September to early December. The Southwest Indian and Australian/Southeast Indian basins have very similar annual cycles with tropical cyclones beginning in late October/ early November, reaching a double peak in activity - one in mid-January and one in mid-February to early March, and then ending in May. The Australian/Southeast Indian basin February lull in activity is a bit more pronounced than the Southwest Indian basin's lull. The Australian/Southwest Pacific basin begin with tropical cyclone activity in late October/early November, reaches a single peak in late February/early March, and then fades out in early May. Globally, September is the most active month and May is the least active month. (Neumann 1993) *************************************************************************** Subject: 17) How are Australian tropical cyclones ranked? The Australian forecasters have developed a scale for tropical cyclone intensity for storms in their area of responsibility - 90 to 160E (Holland 1993). Note that the sustained winds are based upon a 10 min averaging period instead of the USA 1 minute period. Australian Scale Sustained Winds (km/hr) 1 63-90 km/hr 2 91-125 3 126-165 4 166-225 5 > 225 There are further comments on this scale in subject 28). *************************************************************************** Subject: 18) How does El Nino-Southern Oscillation affect tropical cyclone activity around the globe? The effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Atlantic tropical cyclones is described in subject 31). The Australian/Southwest Pacific shows a pronounced shift back and forth of tropical cyclone activity with fewer tropical cyclones between 145 and 165E and more from 165E eastward across the South Pacific during El Nino (warm ENSO) events. There is also a smaller tendency to have the tropical cyclones originate a bit closer to the equator. The opposite would be true in La Nina (cold ENSO) events. See papers by Nicholls (1979), Revell and Goulter (1986), Dong (1988), and Nicholls (1992). The western portion of the Northeast Pacific basin (140W to the dateline) has been suggested to experience more tropical cyclone genesis during the El Nino year and more tropical cyclones tracking into the sub-region in the year following an El Nino (Schroeder and Yu 1995), but this has not been completely documented yet. The Northwest Pacific basin, similar to the Australian/Southwest Pacific basin, experiences a change in location of tropical cyclones without a total change in frequency. Pan (1981), Chan (1985), and Lander (1994) detailed that west of 160E there were reduced numbers of tropical cyclone genesis with increased formations from 160E to the dateline during El Nino events. The opposite occurred during La Nina events. Again there is also the tendency for the tropical cyclones to also form closer to the equator during El Nino events than average. The eastern portion of the Northeast Pacific, the Southwest Indian, the Southeast Indian/Australian, and the North Indian basins have either shown little or a conflicting ENSO relationship and/or have not been looked at yet in sufficient detail. *************************************************************************** Subject: 19) What may happen with tropical cyclone activity in a 2xCO2 world? Two impacts of anthropogenic climate change due to increasing amounts of "greenhouse" gases that may occur (Houghton et al., 1990, 1992) are increased tropical sea surface temperatures (moderate confidence) and increased tropical rainfall associated with a slightly stronger inter- tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) (moderate/low confidence). Because of these possible changes, there have been many suggestions based upon global circulation and theoretical modeling studies that increases may occur in the frequency (AMS Council and UCAR Board of Trustees, 1988; Houghton et al., 1990; Broccoli and Manabe, 1990; Ryan et al., 1992; Haarsma et al., 1993), area of occurrence (Houghton et al., 1990; Ryan et al., 1992), mean intensity (AMS Council and UCAR Board of Trustees, 1988; Haarsma et al., 1993), and maximum intensity (Emanuel, 1987; AMS Council and UCAR Board of Trustees, 1988; Houghton et al., 1990; Haarsma et al., 1993; Bengtsson et al., 1994) of tropical cyclones. In contrast, there have been some conclusions that decreases in frequency may result (Broccoli and Manabe 1990; Bengtsson et al., 1994). One report (Leggett, 1994) has suggested that increased tropical cyclone incidence and severity have already taken place, but provided no quantitative evidence. Any changes in tropical cyclone activity are intrinsically tied in with large-scale changes in the tropical atmosphere. One key feature that has been focused upon has been possible changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). But SSTs by themselves cannot be considered without corresponding information regarding the moisture and stability in the tropical troposphere. What has been identified in the current climate as being necessary for genesis and maintenance for tropical cyclones (e.g. SSTs of at least 80F or 26.5C) might change in a 2xCO2 world because of possible changes in the moisture and/or stability. Additionally, besides the thermodynamic variables, changes in the tropical dynamics will also play a big role in determining changes in tropical cyclone activity. For example, if the vertical wind shear over the tropical North Atlantic decreased (increased) during the hurricane season in a 2xCO2 world, then we would see a significant increase (decrease) in activity. Another large unknown is how the monsoonal circulations may change. If the monsoons became more active, then it may be possible that more tropical cyclones in the oceanic monsoon regions might result. One last final wild card in all of this is how the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may change in a 2xCO2 world, as ENSO is the largest single factor controlling year-to-year variability of tropical cyclones globally - see sections 18) and 31). If the warm phase of ENSO (the "El Nino" events) occurred more often and/or with more intensity, then the inhabitants along the Atlantic basin and Australia would have fewer tropical cyclones to worry about. But people living in Hawaii and in the South Central Pacific would have more storms to deal with. The reverse would be true if the cold phase (or "La Nina") became more prevalent. Overall, it is difficult to assess globally how changes of tropical cyclone intensities (both the mean and the maximum), frequencies, and area of occurrence may change in a 2xCO2 world. It may very well turn out that changes around the globe may not be consistent, with some regions receiving more activity while others getting less. Certainly, this is an area of research that needs to continue until more definitive answers are found. *************************************************************************** Subject: 20) Are we getting stronger and more frequent hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones in the last several years? Globally, probably not. For the Atlantic basin, definitely not. In fact, as documented in Landsea (1993), the number of intense hurricanes (those hurricanes reaching Saffir-Simpson scale 3, 4, and 5 - defined in subject 28) has actually gone *down* during the 1970s and the 1980s, both in all basin intense hurricanes as well as those making landfall along the U.S. coastline. "With Andrew in 1992 and the busy 1995 hurricane season, have things changed during the 1990s?" No. Even taking into account Andrew, the period 1991 to 1994 was the *quietest* four years on record - using reliable data going back to 1944. Of course, with a very active Atlantic hurricane season (19 tropical storms and hurricanes, 11 hurricanes, and 5 intense hurricanes), it is quite possible that we may be moving to a regime of more tropical cyclone activity - but one year does not a trend make. Some more interesting tidbits about Atlantic tropical cyclones: * no significant change in total frequency of tropical storms and hurricanes over 52 years (1944-1995), * a strong *DECREASE* in numbers of intense hurricanes, * no change in the strongest hurricanes observed each year, * A moderate *DECREASE* in the max intensity reached by all storms over a season, * no hurricanes have been observed over the Caribbean Sea during the years 1990-1994 - the longest period of lack of hurricanes in the area since 1899. This was followed up by 3 hurricanes in just one year - 1995 - to affect the region, * 1991-1994 is the quietest (in terms of frequency of total storms - 7.5 per year, hurricanes - 3.8, and intense hurricanes - 1.0) four year period on record, since 1944. (This is work in progress that has been submitted for publication.) As for the other basins, Black (1992) has identified a moderately severe bias in the Northwest Pacific reported maximum sustained winds during the 1940s to the 1960s that makes interpretation of trends difficult for that region. Nicholls (1992) has shown that the numbers of tropical cyclones around Australia (105-165E) has decreased rather dramatically since the mid-1980s. Some of this reduction is undoubtedly due to having more El Nino events since that time (i.e. 1986-87, 1991-2, 1993, 1994-95). However, even taking into account the El Nino effect, there is still a reduction that is unexplained and may be due to changes in tropical cyclone monitoring. The other basins have not been examined for trends, partly because the data will likely not be trustworthy before the advent of the geo- stationary satellites in the mid-1960s. IMHO, I would suspect though that the western portion of the Northeast Pacific, the eastern portion of the Northwest Pacific, and the South Pacific east of 165E would have a real upward trend of tropical cyclone occurrences because of the more frequent El Nino events in the last decade or so (see section 18 for more information on El Nino effects). *************************************************************************** Subject: 21) Why don't we try to destroy tropical cyclones by: pick one or more - a) seeding them with silver iodide, b) nuking them, c) placing a substance on the ocean surface, d) etc. ? Actually for a couple decades NOAA and its predecessor tried to weaken hurricanes by dropping silver iodide - a substance that serves as a effective ice nuclei - into the rainbands of the storms. The idea was that the silver iodide would enhance the thunderstorms of the rainband by causing the supercooled water to freeze, thus liberating the latent heat of fusion and helping the rainband to grow at the expense of the eyewall. With a weakened convergence to the eyewall, the strong inner core winds would also weaken quite a bit. Neat idea, but it, in the end, had a fatal flaw: there just isn't much supercooled water available in hurricane convection - the buoyancy is fairly small and the updrafts correspondingly small compared to the type one would observe in mid-latitude continental super or multicells. The few times that they did seed and saw a reduction in intensity was undoubtedly due to what is now called "concentric eyewall cycles". Concentric eyewall cycles naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones (wind > 50 m/s or 100 kt). As tropical cyclones reach this threshold of intensity, they usually - but not always - have an eyewall and radius of maximum winds that contracts to a very small size, around 10 to 25 km. At this point, some of the outer rainbands may organize into an outer ring of thunderstorms that slowly moves inward and robs the inner eyewall of its needed moisture and momentum. During this phase, the tropical cyclone is weakening (i.e. the maximum winds die off a bit and the central pressure goes up). Eventually the outer eyewall replaces the inner one completely and the storm can be the same intensity as it was previously or, in some cases, even stronger. A concentric eyewall cycle occurred in Hurricane Andrew (1992) before landfall near Miami: a strong intensity was reached, an outer eyewall formed, this contracted in concert with a pronounced weakening of the storm, and as the outer eyewall completely replaced the original one the hurricane reintensified. Thus nature accomplishes what NOAA had hoped to do artificially. No wonder that the first few experiments were thought to be successes. To learn about the STORMFURY project as it was called, read Willoughby et al. (1985). To learn more about concentric eyewall cycles, read Willoughby et al. (1982) and Willoughby (1990). As for the other ideas, there has been some experimental work in trying to develop a liquid that when placed over the ocean surface would prevent evaporation from occurring. If this worked in the tropical cyclone environment, it would probably have a detrimental effect on the intensity of the storm as it needs huge amounts of oceanic evaporation to continue to maintain its intensity. However, finding a substance that would be able to stay together in the rough seas of a tropical cyclone proved to be the downfall of this idea. (Does anyone have a good reference for this?) There was also suggested about 20 years ago (Gray et al. 1976) that the use of carbon black (or soot) might be a good way to modify tropical cyclones. The idea was that one could burn a large quantity of a heavy petroleum to produce vast numbers of carbon black particles that would be released on the edges of the tropical cyclone in the boundary layer. These carbon black aerosols would produce a tremendous heat source simply by absorbing the solar radiation and transferring the heat directly to the atmosphere. This would provide for the initiation of thunderstorm activity outside of the tropical cyclone core and, similarly to STORMFURY, weaken the eyewall convection. This suggestion has never been carried out in real- life. Lastly, there always appears ideas during the hurricane season that one should simply use nuclear weapons to try and destroy the storms. Apart from the concern that this might not even alter the storm, this approach neglects the problem that the released radiation would fairly quickly move with the tradewinds to over land. Needless to say, this is not a good idea. < Start Soap Box > Perhaps the best solution is not to try to alter or destroy the tropical cyclones, but just learn to co-exist better with them. Since we know that coastal regions are vulnerable to the storms, enforce building codes that can have houses stand up to the force of the tropical cyclones. Also the people that choose to live in these locations should willing to shoulder a fair portion of the costs in terms of property insurance - not exorbitant rates, but ones which truly reflect the risk of living in a vulnerable region. < End Soap Box > *************************************************************************** Subject: 22) What is a sub-tropical cyclone? A sub-tropical cyclone is a low-pressure system existing in the tropical or subtropical latitudes (anywhere from the equator to about 50N) that has characteristics of both tropical cyclones and mid-latitude (or extratropical) cyclones. Therefore, many of these cyclones exist in a weak to moderate horizontal temperature gradient region (like mid-latitude cyclones), but also receive much of their energy from convective clouds (like tropical cyclones). Often, these storms have a radius of maximum winds which is farther out (on the order of 60-125 miles [100-200 km] from the center) than what is observed for purely "tropical" systems. Additionally, the maximum sustained winds for sub-tropical cyclones have not been observed to be stronger than about 64 kt (33 m/s). Many times these subtropical storms transform into true tropical cyclones. A recent example is the Atlantic basin's Hurricane Florence in November 1994 which began as a subtropical cyclone before becoming fully tropical. Note there has been at least one occurrence of tropical cyclones transforming into a subtropical storm (e.g. Atlantic basin storm 8 in 1973). Subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin are classified by the maximum sustained surface winds: less than 34 kt (18 m/s) - "subtropical depression", greater than or equal to 34 kt (18 m/s) - "subtropical storm". Note that while these are not given names, they are warned on and forecasted for by the National Hurricane Center similar to the treatment received by tropical cyclones in the region. *************************************************************************** Subject: 23) What does the acronym "CDO" in a discussion of tropical cyclones mean? "CDO" is an acronym that stands for "central dense overcast". This is the cirrus cloud shield that results from the thunderstorms in the eyewall of a tropical cyclone and its rainbands. Before the tropical cyclone reaches hurricane strength (64 kt or 33 m/s), typically the CDO is uniformly showing the cold cloud tops of the cirrus with no eye apparent. Once the storm reaches the hurricane strength threshold, usually an eye can be seen in either the infrared or visible channels of the satellites. Tropical cyclones that have nearly circular CDO's are indicative of favorable, low vertical shear environments. *************************************************************************** Subject: 24) What is a "TUTT"? A "TUTT" is a Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough. A TUTT low is a TUTT that has completely cut-off. TUTT lows are more commonly known in the Western Hemisphere as an "upper cold low". TUTTs are different than mid- latitude troughs in that they are maintained by subsidence warming near the tropopause which balances radiational cooling. TUTTs are important for tropical cyclone forecasting as they can force large amounts of harmful vertical wind shear over tropical disturbances and tropical cyclones. There are also suggestions that TUTTs can assist tropical cyclone genesis and intensification by providing additional forced ascent near the storm center and/or by allowing for an efficient outflow channel in the upper troposphere. For a more detailed discussion on TUTTs see the article by Fitzpatrick et al. (1995). *************************************************************************** Subject: 25) Why do tropical cyclones' winds rotate counter-clockwise (clockwise) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere? The reason is that the earth's rotation sets up an apparent force (called the Coriolis force) that pulls the winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere (and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere). So when a low pressure starts to form north of the equator, the surface winds will flow inward trying to fill in the low and will be deflected to the right and a counter-clockwise rotation will be initiated. The opposite (a deflection to the left and a clockwise rotation) will occur south of the equator. NOTE: This force is too tiny to effect rotation in, for example, water that is going down the drains of sinks and toilets. The rotation in those will be determined by the geometry of the container and the original motion of the water. Thus one can find both clockwise and counter- clockwise flowing drains no matter what hemisphere you are located. If you don't believe this, test it out for yourself. *************************************************************************** Subject: 26) How do I convert from mph to knots (to m/s) and from inches of mercury to mb (to hPa)? For winds: 1 mile per hour (mph) = 0.864 knots (kt) 1 mph = 1.609 kilometers per hour (kph) 1 mph = 0.4470 meters per second (m/s) 1 kt = 1.853 kph 1 kt = 0.5148 m/s 1 m/s = 3.600 kph For pressures: 1 inch of mercury = 33.86 mb = 33.86 hPa For distances: 1 ft = 0.3048 m *************************************************************************** Subject: 27) What is the Dvorak technique and how is it used? The Dvorak technique is a methodology to get estimates of tropical cyclone intensity from satellite pictures. Vern Dvorak developed the scheme using a pattern recognition decision tree in the early 1970s (Dvorak 1975, 1984). Utilizing the current satellite picture of a tropical cyclone, one matches the image versus a number of possible pattern types: Curved band Pattern, Shear Pattern, Eye Pattern, Central Dense Overcast (CDO) Pattern, Embedded Center Pattern or Central Cold Cover Pattern. If infrared satellite imagery is available for Eye Patterns (generally the pattern seen for hurricanes, severe tropical cyclones and typhoons), then the scheme utilizes the difference between the temperature of the warm eye and the surrounding cold cloud tops. The larger the difference, the more intense the tropical cyclone is estimated to be. From this one gets a data "T-number" and a "Current Intensity (CI) Number". CI numbers have been calibrated against aircraft measurements of tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and Atlantic basins. On average, the CI numbers correspond to the following intensities: CI Maximum Sustained Central Pressure Number One Minute Winds (mb) (kt) (Atlantic) (NW Pacific) 0.0 <25 ---- ---- 0.5 25 ---- ---- 1.0 25 ---- ---- 1.5 25 ---- ---- 2.0 30 1009 1000 2.5 35 1005 997 3.0 45 1000 991 3.5 55 994 984 4.0 65 987 976 4.5 77 979 966 5.0 90 970 954 5.5 102 960 941 6.0 115 948 927 6.5 127 935 914 7.0 140 921 898 7.5 155 906 879 8.0 170 890 858 Note that this estimation of both maximum winds and central pressure assumes that the winds and pressures are always consistent. However, since the winds are really determined by the pressure gradient, small tropical cyclones (like the Atlantic's Andrew in 1992, for example) can have stronger winds for a given central pressure than a larger tropical cyclone with the same central pressure. Thus caution is urged in not blindly forcing tropical cyclones to "fit" the above pressure- wind relationships. (The reason that lower pressures are given to the Northwest Pacific tropical cyclones in comparison to the higher pressures of the Atlantic basin tropical cyclones is because of the difference in the background climatology. The Northwest Pacific basin has a lower background sea level pressure field. Thus to sustain a given pressure gradient and thus the winds, the central pressure must accordingly be smaller in this basin.) The errors for using the above Dvorak technique in comparison to aircraft measurements taken in the Northwest Pacific average 10 mb with a standard deviation of 9 mb (Martin and Gray 1993). Atlantic tropical cyclone estimates likely have similar errors. Thus an Atlantic hurricane that is given a CI number of 4.5 (winds of 77 kt and pressure of 979 mb) could in reality be anywhere from winds of 60 to 90 kt and pressures of 989 to 969 mb. These would be typical ranges to be expected; errors could be worse. However, in the absence of other observations, the Dvorak technique does at least provide a consistent estimate of what the true intensity is. While the Dvorak technique was calibrated for the Atlantic and Northwest Pacific basin because of the aircraft reconnaissance data ground truth, the technique has also been quite useful in other basins that have limited observational platforms. However, at some point it would be preferable to re-derive the Dvorak technique to calibrate tropical cyclones with available data in the other basins. Lastly, while the Dvorak technique is primarily designed to provide estimates of the current intensity of the storm, a 24 h forecast of the intensity can be obtained also by extrapolating the trend of the CI number. Whether this methodology provides skillful forecasts is unknown. *************************************************************************** Subject: 28) How are Atlantic hurricanes ranked? The USA utilizes the Saffir-Simpson hurricane intensity scale (Simpson and Riehl 1981) for the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific basins to give an estimate of the potential flooding and damage to property given a hurricane's estimated intensity: Saffir-Simpson Maximum sustained Minimum surface Storm surge Category wind speed (m/s,kt) pressure (mb) (m,ft) -------------- ------------------- --------------- --------------- 1 33-42 m/s [64-83 kt] >= 980mb 1.0-1.7 m [3-5 ft] 2 43-49 [84-96] 979-965 1.8-2.6 [6-8] 3 50-58 [97-113] 964-945 2.7-3.8 [9-12] 4 59-69 [114-135] 944-920 3.9-5.6 [13-18] 5 > 69 [> 135] < 920 > 5.6 [> 18] 1: MINIMAL: Damage primarily to shrubbery, trees, foliage, and unanchored homes. No real damage to other structures. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Low-lying coastal roads inundated, minor pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from moorings. Example: Hurricane Jerry (1989) 2: MODERATE: Considerable damage to shrubbery and tree foliage; some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed mobile homes. Extensive damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to roofing materials of buildings; some window and door damage. No major damage to buildings. Coast roads and low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center. Considerable damage to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected anchorages torn from moorings. Evacuation of some shoreline residences and low-lying areas required. Example: Hurricane Bob (1991) 3: EXTENSIVE: Foliage torn from trees; large trees blown down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown down. Some damage to roofing materials of buildings; some wind and door damage. Some structural damage to small buildings. Mobile homes destroyed. Serious flooding at coast and many smaller structures near coast destroyed; larger structures near coast damaged by battering waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Flat terrain 5 feet of less above sea level flooded inland 8 miles or more. Evacuation of low- lying residences within several blocks of shoreline possibly required. Example: Hurricane Gloria (1985) 4: EXTREME: Shrubs and trees blown down; all signs down. Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows and doors. Complete failures of roofs on many small residences. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Flat terrain 10 feet of less above sea level flooded inland as far as 6 miles. Major damage to lower floors of structures near shore due to flooding and battering by waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion of beaches. Massive evacuation of all residences within 500 yards of shore possibly required, and of single- story residences within 2 miles of shore. Example: Hurricane Andrew (1992) 5: CATASTROPHIC: Shrubs and trees blown down; considerable damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very severe and extensive damage to windows and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many residences and industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of glass in windows and doors. Some complete building failures. Small buildings overturned or blown away. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Major damage to lower floors of all structures less than 15 feet above sea level within 500 yards of shore. Low-lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5 to 10 miles of shore possibly required. Example: Hurricane Camille (1969) Note that tropical storms are not on this scale, but can produce extensive damage with rainfall-produced flooding. Note also that category 3, 4, and 5 hurricanes are collectively referred to as intense (or major) hurricanes. These intense hurricanes cause over 70% of the damage in the USA even though they account for only 20% of tropical cyclone landfalls (Landsea 1993). Note that in comparison with the Australian scale (subject 17), Australian 1 and and most of Australian 2 are within the tropical storm categorization (i.e. would not be on the Saffir-Simpson scale). An Australian 3 would be approximately equal to either a Saffir-Simpson category 1 or 2 hurricane. An Australian 4 would be about the same as a Saffir-Simpson category 3 or 4 hurricane. An Australian 5 would be about the same as a Saffir-Simpson category 5 hurricane. *************************************************************************** Subject: 29) What are the most and least tropical cyclones occurring in the Atlantic basin and striking the USA? Starting in 1944, systematic aircraft reconnaissance was commenced for monitoring both tropical cyclones and disturbances that had the potential to develop into tropica cyclones. This is why both Neumann et al. (1993) and Landsea (1993) recommend utilizing data since 1944 for computing climatological statistics. However, for tropical cyclones striking the USA East and Gulf coasts - because of highly populated coast lines, data with good reliability extends back to around 1899. Thus, the following records hold for the entire Atlantic basin (from 1944-1995) and for the USA coastline (1899-1995): Maximum Minimum Tropical storms/hurricanes: 19*(1995) 4 (1983) Hurricanes: 12 (1969) 2 (1982) Intense Hurricanes: 7 (1950) 0 (many times,1994 last) USA landfalling storms/hurricanes: 8 (1916) 1 (many,1991) USA landfalling hurricanes: 6 (1916,1985) 0 (many,1994) USA landfalling intense hurricanes: 3 (1909,33,54) 0 (many,1994) (*) As a footnote, 1933 is recorded as being the most active of any Atlantic basin season on record (reliable or otherwise) with 21 tropical storms and hurricanes. *************************************************************************** Subject: 30) For the U.S., what are the 10 most intense, 10 costliest, and 10 highest death toll hurricanes on record? Updated from Hebert et al. (1992): 10 Most Intense USA (continental) hurricanes from 1900-1994: (at time of landfall with landfall area) ------------------------------------------------------------ HURRICANE YEAR CATEGORY CENTRAL PRESSURE 1. "Labor Day" - FL Keys 1935 5 892 mb 2. Camille - LA/MS 1969 5 909 3. Andrew - SE FL 1992 4 922 4. Unnamed - FL Keys/S TX 1919 4 927 5. Unnamed - Lake Okeechobee, FL 1928 4 929 6. DONNA - FL Keys 1960 4 930 7. Unnamed - Galveston, TX 1900 4 931 8. Unnamed - Grand Isle, LA 1909 4 931 9. Unnamed - New Orleans, LA 1915 4 931 10. Carla - C TX 1961 4 931 Note that Hurricane Gilbert's estimated 888 mb lowest pressure in mid- September 1988 is the most intense [as measured by lowest sea level pressure] for the Atlantic basin, but it affected the USA only as a weakening tropical depression (Neumann et al 1993). 10 Costliest USA (continental) hurricanes from 1900-1994: (adjusted to 1990 dollars - except for Andrew) --------------------------------------------------------- HURRICANE YEAR CATEGORY DAMAGE (USA) 1. Andrew - SE FL/LA 1992 4 ~$30,000,000,000 2. Hugo - SC 1989 4 7,155,120,000 3. Betsy - FL/LA 1965 3 6,461,303,000 4. Agnes - NE U.S. 1972 1 6,418,143,000 5. Camille - LA/MS 1969 5 5,242,380,000 6. Diane - NE U.S. 1955 1 4,199,645,000 7. "New England" 1938 3 3,593,853,000 8. Frederic - AL/MS 1979 3 3,502,942,000 9. Alicia - N TX 1983 3 2,391,854,000 10. Carol - NE U.S. 1954 3 2,370,215,000 Note that this does not take into account the massive coastal population increases and structural buildup that have occurred along the US East and especially the Gulf coasts during the past few decades. Intense hurricanes will continue to inflict massive destruction along the USA coastlines, even with perfect forecasts of their track and intensity. 10 Deadliest USA (continental) hurricanes from 1900-1994: --------------------------------------------------------- HURRICANE YEAR CATEGORY DEATHS 1. Unnamed - Galveston, TX 1900 4 6000+ 2. Unnamed - Lake Okeechobee, FL 1928 4 1836 3. Unnamed - Fl Keys/S TX 1919 4 600-900 4. "New England" 1938 3 600 5. "Labor Day" - FL Keys 1935 5 408 6. Audrey - SW LA/N TX 1957 4 390 7. Unnamed - NE U.S. 1944 3 390 8. Unnamed - Grand Isle, LA 1909 4 350 9. Unnamed - New Orleans, LA 1915 4 275 10. Unnamed - Galveston, TX 1915 4 275 ADDENDUM: Unnamed - LA - 1893 - 2000 Unnamed - SC/GA - 1893 - 1000-2000 Unnamed - GA/SC - 1881 - 700 One can take some comfort in the fact that even with the massive damage amounts reported with hurricanes in the last couple decades, none of those hurricanes caused huge numbers of deaths in the USA. This is because of the increasingly skillful forecasts of hurricane tracks, the ability to communicate warnings to the public via radio and television, and the infrastructure that allows for evacuations to proceed safely for those in the hurricane's path (Sheets 1990). However, if people chose to ignore warnings or if evacuations are not able to remove people from danger (because of too many people overcrowding limited escape routes - the Florida Keys and US 1 is a good example), then the potential remains for disasters similar to what was seen decades ago. *************************************************************************** Subject: 31) What is Prof. Gray's seasonal hurricane forecast for this year and what are the predictive factors? Prof. Bill Gray at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA) has issued seasonal hurricane forecasts for the Atlantic basin since 1984. Details of his forecasting technique can be found in Gray (1984a,b) and Gray et al. (1992, 1993, 1994). Landsea et al. (1994) also provides verifications of the first 10 years of forecasting. A quick summary of the components follows: * El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - During El Nino events (ENSO warm phase), tropospheric vertical shear is increased inhibiting tropical cyclone genesis and intensification. La Nina events (ENSO cold phase) enhances activity. * African West Sahel rainfall - In years of West Sahel drought conditions, the Atlantic hurricane activity is much reduced - especially the intense hurricane activity (Landsea and Gray 1992). Wet West Sahel years mean a higher chance of low-latitude "Cape Verde" type hurricanes. This is also due to higher tropospheric vertical shear in the drought years, though there may also be changes in the structure of African easterly waves as well to make them less likely to go through tropical cyclogenesis. * Stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) - During the 12 to 15 months when the equatorial stratosphere has the winds blowing from the east (east phase QBO), Atlantic basin tropical cyclone activity is reduced. The east phase is followed by 13 to 16 months of westerly winds in the equatorial stratosphere where the Atlantic activity is increased. It is believed (but not demonstrated) that the reduced activity in east years is due to increased lower stratospheric to upper tropospheric vertical shear which may disrupt the tropical cyclone structure. * Caribbean sea level pressure anomalies (SLPA) - During seasons of lower than average surface pressure around the Caribbean Sea, the Atlantic hurricane activity is enhanced. When it is higher than average, the tropical cyclone activity is diminished. Higher pressure indicates either a weaker Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or a more equatorward position of the ITCZ or both. * Caribbean 200 mb zonal wind anomalies (ZWA) - The 200 mb winds around the Caribbean are often reflective of the ENSO or West Sahelian rainfall conditions (i.e. westerly ZWA corresponds to El Ninos and West Sahel drought conditions). However, the winds also provide some independent measure of the tropospheric vertical shear, especially in years of neutral ENSO and West Sahel rainfall. Dr. Gray and his forecast team issues seasonal forecasts in late November, early June, and early August of each year with a verification of the forecasts given in late November. To obtain these forecasts, surf to: http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/~thorson/forecasts/index.html Also available (via unix machines) a finger command to get a table with the latest forecast info and what the observations have been of the season so far. Available via: finger forecast@typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu *************************************************************************** Subject: 32) How has Dr. Gray done in previous years of forecasting hurricanes? Here are the numbers that Dr. Gray has issued for his real-time Atlantic tropical cyclone seasonal forecasting: Year Early December Early June Early August Observed Forecast Forecast Forecast Named Storms: 1950 to 1990 Mean = 9.3 1984 --- 10 10 12 1985 --- 11 10 11 1986 --- 8 7 6 1987 --- 8 7 7 1988 --- 11 11 12 1989 --- 7 9 11 1990 --- 11 11 14 1991 --- 8 7 8 1992 8 8 8 6 1993 11 11 10 8 1994 10 9 7 7 1995 12 12 16 19 Hurricanes: 1950 to 1990 Mean = 5.8 1984 --- 7 7 5 1985 --- 8 7 7 1986 --- 4 4 4 1987 --- 5 4 3 1988 --- 7 7 5 1989 --- 4 4 7 1990 --- 7 6 8 1991 --- 4 3 4 1992 4 4 4 4 1993 6 7 6 4 1994 6 5 4 3 1995 8 8 9 11 Intense Hurricanes: 1950 to 1990 Mean = 2.3 1990 --- 3 2 1 1991 --- 1 0 2 1992 1 1 1 1 1993 3 2 2 1 1994 2 1 1 0 1995 3 3 3 5 *************************************************************************** Subject: 33) What are those models that the Atlantic forecasters are talking about in the Inter-Governmental messages? (Contributed by Sim Aberson) A variety of hurricane track forecast models are run operationally for the Atlantic hurricane basin: (1) A statistical-dynamical model, NHC90 (McAdie 1991), uses geopotential height predictors from the Aviation model to produce a track forecast four times per day. The primary synoptic time NHC90 forecasts (00 and 12 UTC) are based upon 12 h old Aviation runs. A special version of NHC90, NHC90-LATE, is run at primary synoptic times with the current Aviation run, and is available a number of hours after NHC90. Both versions of NHC90 have been run operationally since 1990. (2) The Beta and Advection Model, BAM, follows a trajectory in the vertically-averaged horizontal wind from the Aviation model beginning at the current storm location, with a correction that accounts for the beta effect (Marks 1992). Three versions of this model, one with a shallow-layer (BAM-SHALLOW), one with a medium-layer (BAM-MEDIUM), and one with a deep-layer (BAM-DEEP), are run. The deep-layer version was run operationally for primary synoptic times in 1989; all three versions have been run four times per day since 1990. (3) A nested barotropic hurricane track forecast model (VICBAR) has been run four times daily since 1989. The primary synoptic time runs are run from current NMC analyses, the off-time runs are run from six hour old data (Aberson and DeMaria 1994). (4) A three-dimensional mesoscale model designed specifically for hurricane forecasting, the QLM (Quasi-Lagrangian Model), has provided forecasts at primary synoptic times (Mathur 1991). The QLM uses input data similar to that used by VICBAR and has been run since 1989. The QLM is to be retired soon. (5) The NMC Aviation model (Lord 1993) has been used for track forecasting since the 1992 hurricane season. (6) A triply-nested movable mesh primitive equation model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (Bender et al 1993), known as the GFDL model, has provided forecasts since the 1992 hurricane season. *************************************************************************** Subject: 34) Why doesn't the South Atlantic Ocean experience tropical cyclones? Though many people might speculate that the sea surface temperatures are too cold, the primary reasons that the South Atlantic Ocean gets no tropical cyclones are that the tropospheric (near surface to 200mb) vertical wind shear is much too strong and there is typically no inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) over the ocean (Gray 1968). Without an ITCZ to provide synoptic vorticity and convergence (i.e. large scale spin and thunderstorm activity) as well as having strong wind shear, it becomes very difficult to nearly impossible to have genesis of tropical cyclones. However, in rare occasions it may be possible to have tropical cyclones form in the South Atlantic. In McAdie and Rappaport (1991), the USA National Hurricane Center documented the occurrence of a strong tropical depression/weak tropical storm that formed off the coast of Congo in mid-April 1991. The storm lasted about five days and drifted toward the west-southwest into the central South Atlantic. So far, there has not been a systematic study as to the conditions that accompanied this rare event. *************************************************************************** Subject: 35) What names have been retired in the Atlantic basin? In the Atlantic basin, tropical cyclone names are "retired" (that is, not to be used again for a new storm) if it is deemed to be quite noteworthy because of the damage and/or deaths it caused. This is to prevent confusion with a historically well-known cyclone with a current one in the Atlantic basin. The following list gives the names that have been retired through the year 1994 and the year of the storm in question. (Kindly provided by Gary Padgett and Jack Beven). Agnes 1972, Alicia 1983, Allen 1980, Andrew 1992, Anita 1977, Audrey 1957 Betsy 1965, Beulah 1967, Bob 1991 Camille 1969, Carla 1961, Carmen 1974, Carol 1965, Celia 1970, Cleo 1964, Connie 1955 David 1979, Diana 1990, Diane 1955, Donna 1960, Dora 1964 Edna 1968, Elena 1985, Eloise 1975 Fifi 1974, Flora 1963, Frederic 1979 Gilbert 1988, Gloria 1985, Gracie 1959 Hattie 1961, Hazel 1954, Hilda 1964, Hugo 1989 Inez 1966, Ione 1955 Janet 1955, Joan 1988 Klaus 1990 *************************************************************************** Subject: 36) Does an active June and July mean the rest of the season will be busy too? No. The number of named storms (hurricanes) occurring in June and July correlates at an insignificant r = +0.13 (+0.02) versus the whole season activity. Actually, there is a slight _negative_ association of early season storms (hurricanes) versus late season - August through November - r = -0.28 (-0.35). Thus, early season activity, be it very active or quite calm, has little bearing on the season as a whole. These correlations are based on the years 1944-1994. *************************************************************************** Subject: 37) Who are the "Hurricane Hunters" and what are they looking for? (Contributed by Neal Dorst.) In the Atlantic basin (Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea) hurricane reconnaissance is carried out by two government agencies, the U.S. Air Force Reserves' 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron and NOAA's Aircraft Operations Center. The U.S. Navy stopped flying hurricanes in 1975. The 53rd WRS is based at Keesler AFB in Mississippi and maintains a fleet of ten WC-130 planes. These cargo airframes have been modified to carry weather instruments to measure wind, pressure, temperature and dew point as well as drop instrumented sondes and make other observations. AOC is presently based at MacDill AFB in Tampa, Florida and among its fleet of planes has two P-3 Orions, originally made as Navy sub hunters, but modified to include three radars as well as a suite of meteorological instruments and dropsonde capability. The USAF planes are the workhorses of the hurricane hunting effort. They are often deployed to a forward base, such as Antigua, and carry out most of the reconnaissance of developing waves and depressions. Their mission in these situations is to look for signs of a closed circulation and any strengthening or organizing that the storm might be showing. This information is relayed by radio to the National Hurricane Center for the hurricane specialists to evaluate. The NOAA planes are more highly instrumented and are generally reserved for when developed hurricanes are threatening landfall, especially landfall on U.S. territory. They are also used to conduct scientific research on storms. The planes carry between six to fifteen people, both the flight crew and the meteorologists. Flight crews consist of a pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer, navigator, and electrical technicians. The weather crew might consist of a flight meteorologist, lead project scientist, cloud physicist, radar specialist, and dropsonde operators. The primary purpose of reconnaissance is to track the center of circulation, these are the co-ordinates that the National Hurricane Center issues, and to measure the maximum winds. But the crews are also evaluating the storm's size, structure, and development and this information is also relayed to NHC via radio and satellite link. Most of this data, which is critical in determining the hurricane's threat, cannot be obtained from satellite. *************************************************************************** Subject: 38) Where do these easterly waves come from and what causes them? It has been recognized since at least the 1930s (Dunn 1940) that lower tropospheric (from the ocean surface to about 5 km with a maximum at 3 km) westward traveling disturbances often serve as the "seedling" circulations for a large proportion of tropical cyclones over the North Atlantic Ocean. Riehl (1945) helped to substantiate that these disturbances, now known as African easterly waves, had their origins over North Africa. While a variety of mechanisms for the origins of these waves were proposed in the next few decades, it was Burpee (1972) who documented that the waves were being generated by an instability of the African easterly jet. (This instability - known as baroclinic-barotropic instability - is where the value of the potential vorticity begins to decrease toward the north.) The jet arises as a result of the reversed lower-tropospheric temperature gradient over western and central North Africa due to extremely warm temperatures over the Saharan Desert in contrast with substantially cooler temperatures along the Gulf of Guinea coast. The waves move generally toward the west in the lower tropospheric tradewind flow across the Atlantic Ocean. They are first seen usually in April or May and continue until October or November. The waves have a period of about 3 or 4 days and a wavelength of 2000 to 2500 km, typically (Burpee 1974). One should keep in mind that the "waves" can be more correctly thought of as the convectively active troughs along an extended wave train. On average, about 60 waves are generated over North Africa each year, but it appears that the number that is formed has no relationship to how much tropical cyclone activity there is over the Atlantic each year. While only about 60% of the Atlantic tropical storms and minor hurricanes (Saffir-Simpson Scale categories 1 and 2) originate from easterly waves, nearly 85% of the intense (or major) hurricanes have their origins as easterly waves (Landsea 1993). It is suggested, though, that nearly all of the tropical cyclones that occur in the Eastern Pacific Ocean can also be traced back to Africa. It is currently completely unknown how easterly waves change from year to year in both intensity and location and how these might relate to the activity in the Atlantic (and East Pacific). *************************************************************************** Subject: 39) What are "Cape Verde"-type hurricanes? Cape Verde-type hurricanes are those Atlantic basin tropical cyclones that develop into tropical storms fairly close (<1000km or so) of the Cape Verde Islands and then become hurricanes before reaching the Caribbean. (That would be my definition, there may be others.) Typically, this may occur in August and September, but in rare years (like 1995) there may be some in late July and/or early October. The numbers range from none up to around five per year - with an average of around 2. *************************************************************************** Subject: 40) How does the damage that hurricanes cause increase as a function of wind speed? Or to rephrase the question: Would a minimal 74 mph hurricane cause one half of the damage that a major hurricane with 148 mph winds? No, the amount of damage (at least experienced along the U.S. mainland) does not increase linearly with the wind speed. Instead, the damage produced increases exponentially with the winds. The 148 mph hurricane (a category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale) may produce - on average - up to 100 times the damage of a minimal category 1 hurricane! Landsea (1993) analyzed the damage caused by various categories of tropical storms and hurricanes after normalizing by both the inflation rate and population changes. Tropical cyclones from 1944 through 1990 were tabulated in terms of 1990 U.S. dollars. The following table summarizes the findings: Intensity (cases) Median Damage "Potential Damage" Tropical/Subtropical Storm (75) <$1,000,000 0 Hurricane Cat. 1 (34) $24,000,000 1 Hurricane Cat. 2 (14) $218,000,000 10 Hurricane Cat. 3 (24) $1,108,000,000 50 Hurricane Cat. 4 (6) $2,274,000,000 100 Hurricane Cat. 5 (1) $5,933,000,000 250 The "Potential Damage" values just provide a reference value if one assigns the median damage caused by a category 1 hurricane to be "1". The rapid increase in damage as the categories go up is apparent. Note that this study was done in mid-1992 (i.e. before Andrew) and thus the median and potential damage values for the category 4 and 5 hurricanes may be on the conservative side. Other interesting findings: * Mean annual damage in mainland US is $1,857,000,000. (Again, this value is pre-Andrew.) * The damage is nearly evenly divided between that caused on the US Gulf Coast (Florida panhandle to Texas) and the US East Coast (Florida peninsula to Maine). * Even though the intense hurricanes (the category 3, 4 and 5 storms) comprise only 20% of all US landfalling tropical cyclones, they account for 71% of all of the damage. (Again, the figure is pre-Andrew. With Andrew included, the damage percentage is likely 75 to 80%.) *************************************************************************** REFERENCES ---------- Aberson, S.D., and M. DeMaria (1994): Verification of a Nested Barotropic Hurricane Track Forecast Model (VICBAR). _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 122, 2804-2815. American Meteorological Society (AMS) Council and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Board of Trustees, (1988): The changing atmosphere -- challenges and opportunities. _Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc._, 69, 1434-1440. Bender, M.A., R.J. Ross, R.E. Tuleya, and Y. Kurihara (1993): Improvements in tropical cyclone track and intensity forecasts using the GFDL initialization system. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 121, 2046-2061. Bengtsson, L., M. Botzet and M. Esch, (1994): Will greenhouse gas-- induced warming over the next 50 years lead to a higher frequency and greater intensity of hurricanes? _Max--Planck--Institut fur Meteorolgie Report No. 139_, Hamburg. Black, P.G., (1992): Evolution of maximum wind estimates in typhoons. _ICSU/WMO International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters_, October 12-16, 1992, Beijing. Broccoli, A. J., and S. Manabe, (1990): Can existing climate models be used to study anthropogenic changes in tropical cyclone climate? _Geophys. Res. Letters_, 17, 1917-1920. Bureau of Meteorology (1977): _Report by Director of Meteorology on Cyclone Tracy, December 1974_. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 82 pp. Burpee, R. W., (1972): The origin and structure of easterly waves in the lower troposphere of North Africa. _J. Atmos. Sci._, 29, 77-90. Burpee, R. W., (1974): Characteristics of the North African easterly waves during the summers of 1968 and 1969. _J. Atmos. Sci._, 31, 1556-1570. Chan, J.C.L. (1985): Tropical cyclone activity in the Northwest Pacific in relation to the El Nino / Southern Oscillation phenomenon. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 113, 599-606. Dong Keqin (1988): El Nino and tropical cyclone frequency in the Australian region and the Northwest Pacific. _Aust. Met. Mag._, 36, 219-225. Dunn, G. E., 1940: Cyclogenesis in the tropical Atlantic. _Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 21, 215-229. Dunn, G.E. and B.I. Miller (1960): _Atlantic Hurricanes_, Louisiana State Univ. Press, Baton Rough, Louisiana, 377 pp. Dunnavan, G.M. and J.W. Diercks (1980): An analysis of Sypertyphoon Tip (October 1979). _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 180, 1915-1923. Dvorak, V.F., 1975: Tropical cyclone intensity analysis and forecasting from satellite imagery. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 103, 420-430. Dvorak, V.F., 1984: Tropical cyclone intensity analysis using satellite data. _NOAA Tech. Rep. NESDIS 11_, 47 pp. Emanuel, K. A., (1987): The dependence of hurricane intensity on climate. _Nature_, 326, 483-485. Ernest and Matson (1983): ???, _Weather_, ???. Fitzpatrick, P.J., J.A. Knaff, C.W. Landsea, and S.V. Finley (1995): A systematic bias in the Aviation model's forecast of the Atlantic tropical upper tropospheric trough: Implications for tropical cyclone forecasting. _Wea. Forecasting_, 10, 433-446. Gray, W.M. (1968): A global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 96, 669-700. Gray, W.M. (1984a): Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency: Part I. El Nino and 30 mb quasi-biennial oscillation influences. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 112, 1649-1668. Gray, W.M. (1984b): Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency: Part II. Forecasting its variability. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 112, 1669-1683. Gray, W.M., W.M. Frank, M.L. Corrin, C.A. Stokes (1976): Weather modification by carbon dust absorption of solar energy. _J. Appl. Meteor._, 15, 355-386. Gray, W.M., C.W. Landsea, P.W. Mielke, Jr., and K.J. Berry (1992): Predicting Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity 6-11 months in advance. _Wea. Forecasting_, 7, 440-455. Gray, W.M., C.W. Landsea, P.W. Mielke, Jr., and K.J. Berry (1993): Predicting Atlantic seasonal tropical cyclone activity by 1 August. _Wea. Forecasting_, 8, 73-86. Gray, W.M., C.W. Landsea, P.W. Mielke, Jr., and K.J. Berry (1994): Predicting Atlantic seasonal tropical cyclone activity by 1 June. _Wea. Forecasting_, 9, 103-115. Haarsma, R. J., J. F. B. Mitchell and C. A. Senior, (1993): Tropical disturbances in a GCM. _Clim. Dyn._, 8, 247-257. Hebert, P.J., J.D. Jarrell, and M. Mayfield (1992): The deadliest, costliest, and most intense United States hurricanes of this century. _NOAA Tech. Memo. NWS NHC-31_, National Hurricane Center, Coral Gables, Florida, 39 pp. Holland, G.J. (1993): "Ready Reckoner" - Chapter 9, _Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting_, WMO/TC-No. 560, Report No. TCP-31, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Holliday, C.R., (1973): Record 12 and 24 hour deepening rates in a tropical cyclone. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 101, 112-114. Houghton, J. T., B. A. Callander and S. K. Varney, Eds. (1992): _Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment_. Cambridge University Press, New York. Houghton, J. T., G. J. Jenkins and J. J. Ephramus, Eds. (1990): _Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment_. Cambridge University Press, New York. Lander, M. (1994): An exploratory analysis of the relationship between tropical storm formation in the Western North Pacific and ENSO. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 122, 636-651. Landsea, C.W. (1993): A climatology of intense (or major) Atlantic hurricanes. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 121, 1703-1713. Landsea, C.W. and W.M. Gray (1992): The strong association between Western Sahelian monsoon rainfall and intense Atlantic hurricanes. _J. Climate_, 5, 435-453. Landsea, C.W., W.M. Gray, P.W. Mielke, Jr., and K.J. Berry (1994): Seasonal forecasting of Atlantic hurricane activity. _Weather_, 49, 273-284. Leggett, J., Ed., (1994): _The Climate Time Bomb_, Greenpeace International, Amsterdam. Lord, S.J. (1993): Recent developments in tropical cyclone track forecasting with the NMC global analysis and forecast system. _Preprints of the 20th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology_, San Antonio, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 290-291. Marks, D.G. (1992): The beta and advection model for hurricane track forecasting. _NOAA Tech. Memo. NWS NMC 70_, Natl. Meteorological Center, Camp Springs, Maryland, 89 pp. Martin, J.D., and W.M. Gray (1993): Tropical cyclone observation and forecasting with and without aircraft reconnaissance. _Wea. Forecasting_, 8, 519-532. Mathur, M.B. (1991): The National Meteorological Center's quasi- Lagrangian model for hurricane prediction. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 119, 1419-1447. Mayengon, R. (1984): ???, _Mar. Weather Log_, ??? McAdie, C.J. (1991): A comparison of tropical cyclone track forecasts produced by NHC90 and an alternate version (NHC90A) during the 1990 hurricane season. _Preprints of the 19th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology_, Miami, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 290-294. McAdie, C.J. and E.N. Rappaport (1991): _Diagnostic Report of the National Hurricane Center_, Vol. 4, No. 1, NOAA, National Hurricane Center, Coral Gables, FL, 45 pp. Neumann, C.J., B.R. Jarvinen, C.J. McAdie, and J.D. Elms (1993): _Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1871-1992_, Prepared by the National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, in cooperation with the National Hurricane Center, Coral Gables, FL, 193pp. Neumann, C.J. (1993): "Global Overview" - Chapter 1, _Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting_, WMO/TC-No. 560, Report No. TCP-31, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Nicholls, N. (1979): A possible method for predicting seasonal tropical cyclone activity in the Australian region. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 107, 1221-1224. Nicholls, N. (1992): Recent performance of a method for forecasting Australian seasonal tropical cyclone activity. _Aust. Met. Mag._, 40, 105-110. Novlan, D.J. and W.M. Gray (1974): Hurricane-spawned tornadoes. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 102, 476-488. Pan, Y. (1981): the effect of the thermal state of eastern equatorial Pacific on the frequency typhoons over western Pacific. _Acta Meteor. Sin._, 40, 24-32 (in Chinese). Revell, C.G. and S.W. Goulter (1986): South Pacific tropical cyclones and the Southern Oscillation. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 114, 1138-1145. Riehl, H., 1945: Waves in the easterlies and the polar front in the tropics. Misc. Rep., No. 17, Department of Meteorology, University of Chicago, 79 pp. Ryan, B. F., I. G. Watterson and J. L. Evans, (1992): Tropical cyclone frequencies inferred from Gray's yearly genesis parameter: Validation of GCM tropical climates. _Geophys. Res. Letters_, 19, 1831-1834. Schroeder, T.A. and Z. Yu (1995): Interannual variability of central Pacific tropical cyclones. _Preprints of the 21st Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology_, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Miami, Florida, 437-439. Sheets, R.C. (1990): The National Hurricane Center -- Past, Present, and Future. _Wea. Forecasting_, 5, 185-232. Simpson, R.H. and H. Riehl (1981): _The Hurricane and Its Impact_. Louisiana State Univ. Press, Baton Rouge (IBSN 0-8071-0688-7), 398 pp. Tuleya, R.E. and Y. Kurihara (1978): A numerical simulation of the landfall of tropical cyclones. _J. Atmos. Sci._, 35, 242-257. Wakimoto, R.M. and P.G. Black (1994): Damage survey of Hurricane Andrew and its relationship to the eyewall. _Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc._, 75, 189-200. Weatherford, C. and W.M. Gray (1988): Typhoon structure as revealed by aircraft reconnaissance. Part II: Structural variability. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 116, 1044-1056. Whittingham, H.E., (1958): The Bathurst Bay Hurricane and associated storm surge. _Aust. Met. Mag._, 23, 14-36. Willoughby, H.E. (1990): Temporal changes of the primary circulation in tropical cyclones. _J. Atmos. Sci._, 47, 242-264. Willoughby, H.E., J.A. Clos, and M.G. Shoreibah (1982): Concentric eye walls, secondary wind maxima, and the evolution of the hurricane vortex. _J. Atmos. Sci._, 39, 395-411. Willoughby, H.E., D.P. Jorgensen, R.A. Black, and S.L. Rosenthal (1985): Project STORMFURY: A scientific chronicle 1962-1983. _Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc._, 66, cover and 505-514. Willoughby, H.E., J.M. Masters, and C.W. Landsea (1989): A record minimum sea level pressure observed in Hurricane Gilbert. _Mon. Wea. Rev._, 117, 2824-2828. OUTLINE ------- REAL-TIME INFORMATION 1) Where can I get real-time advisories for tropical cyclones? 2) Where can I get real-time tropical weather analyses and forecast fields? 3) Where can I get real-time ship and buoy data? 4) Where can I get real-time sea surface temperature data? 5) Where can I get real-time satellite pictures? 6) Where can I get real-time radar data? 7) Where can I get real-time hurricane aircraft reconnaissance data? 8) Where can I get real-time tropical cyclone motion and intensity model forecasts? 9) Where can I get tropical cyclone preparedness information? 10) What computer software is available for tracking tropical cyclones? HISTORICAL INFORMATION 11) Where can I get historical data of tropical cyclones? 12) What journals have regular articles on tropical cyclones? 13) What books have been written about tropical cyclones? 14) What refereed articles were written during 1994 about tropical cyclones? ************************************************************************** Subject: 1) Where can I get real-time advisories for tropical cyclones? There are three good ways to get these. Either telnet to a site and peruse the advisories you would like to see via a menu, have the advisories sent directly to you via email, or visit sites via the World Wide Web. Option 1: Telnet to a site --------------------------- The site that has a very comprehensive listing is the Weather Underground at University of Michigan. Simply telnet to: downwind.sprl.umich.edu 3000 Make sure to include the '3000' at the end of the command. From there you have a simple menu driven system to get to the USA National Hurricane Center, the USA Central Pacific Hurricane Center, and the USA Joint Typhoon Warning Center products. Option 2: Advisories automatically sent to you ----------------------------------------------- WX-TROPL is available through the WX-***** lists which reside on the VMD.CSO.UIUC.EDU (UIUCVMD) machine at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. It is created for people to receive as an email tropical bulletins originating from the US National Hurricane Center, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. To get information as to how to sign up onto WX-TROPL, ftp to vmd.cso.uiuc.edu and use anonymous FTP to retrieve the file WX-TALK.DOC from the directory "wx". If you don't have ftp access, contact either Chris Novy <chris@siu.edu> or Charley Kline <cvk@uiuc.edu>. Now that the Joint Typhoon Warning Center advisories are available, one can get tropical cyclone advisories for the whole world with the exception of South Pacific tropical cyclones east of the dateline. Option 3: Get the advisories via surfing the Web ------------------------------------------------- The World Wide Web is a great source for real-time tropical cyclone advisories. For brevity here are some reliable http sites (provided by Gary Gray): gopher://geograf1.sbs.ohio-state.edu:70/1/Tropical (good source) http://banzai.neosoft.com/citylink/blake/tropical.html (everything) http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/tropical.html (most info available) http://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/iwin/us/hurricane.html (full advisory list) http://lumahai.soest.hawaii.edu/Tropical_Weather/tropical.shtml (map) http://nhc-hp6.nhc.noaa.gov/graphics.html (new stuff... looks great) http://nhc-hp6.nhc.noaa.gov/products.html (all products) http://www.atms.unca.edu/%7Efarr/hurricane96.html (simple & excellent) http://www.ih2000.net/ira/bmt-wth.htm (strike probs & track maps) http://www.typhoon.org.hk/ (all basins) http://www.weather.brockport.edu/cgi-bin/hurricane (nice search) ************************************************************************** Subject: 2) Where can I get real-time tropical weather analyses and forecast fields? (Provided by Gary Gray.) gopher://geograf1.sbs.ohio-state.edu:70/1/Tropical (lots of info) http://banzai.neosoft.com/citylink/blake/tropical.html (most products) http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/tropical.html (most info available) http://grads.iges.org/pix/trop.00hr.html (nice tropical graphics) http://lumahai.soest.hawaii.edu/Tropical_Weather/tropical.shtml http://nhc-hp6.nhc.noaa.gov/products.html (most products) http://nhc-hp6.nhc.noaa.gov/products1.html (more great products) http://www.atms.unca.edu/%7Efarr/hurricane96.html (many products) http://www.flinet.com/%7reiter/ (links to tropical weather summary) http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/tropical.html (several products) http://www.nws.noaa.gov/Marine.htm (some unique maps) http://www.sims.net/links/hurricane.html (good set of info) http://www.utmb.edu/hurricane.html (basic info) ************************************************************************** Subject: 3) Where can I get real-time ship and buoy data? (Provided by Gary Gray.) http://banzai.neosoft.com/citylink/blake/tropical.html (great source) http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/tropical.html (good set of data) http://thunder.met.fsu.edu/~nws/buoy (great graphic buoy/cman source) http://www.bbsr.edu/weather (nice ship, bouy, and wave data) http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/tropical.html (Gulf & W Atlantic) ************************************************************************** Subject: 4) Where can I get real-time sea surface temperature data? (Provided by Gary Gray.) gopher://gopher.ssec.wisc.edu:70/19/mcidas.d/other.d/.molly.gif http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/tropical.html (several products) http://ssec.ssec.wisc.edu/data/sst/latest_sst.gif (global SST image) http://www.bbsr.edu/weather (decent AVHRR SST maps) http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/tropical.html (analysis & anomaly) http://www.nws.noaa.gov/Marine.htm (a few different "styles") http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/images.html (several good SST maps) http://www.seaspace.com/images/goes8.gif (global SST image) http://www.sims.net/links/hurricane.html (global SST image) ************************************************************************** Subject: 5) Where can I get real-time satellite pictures? (Provided by Gary Gray.) gopher://geograf1.sbs.ohio-state.edu:70/1/wxascii/gophergrafx/satpix http://oldthunder.ssec.wisc.edu/ (Chris Velden's site) http://banzai.neosoft.com/citylink/blake/tropical.html (many good pix) http://nrlmry.navy.mil/photos.html (GOES 9 and global) http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/tropical.html (a few good pix) http://clunix.cl.msu.edu:80/weather/ (lots of sat pix) http://grads.iges.org/listing/wx.html (nice GOES-8/9 full disk images) http://lumahai.soest.hawaii.edu/Tropical_Weather/tropical.shtml http://tuna@www.alw.nih.gov/weather.html (many pix have bad links) http://www.atms.unca.edu/%7Efarr/hurricane96.html (the basics) http://www.bbsr.edu/weather (Bermudocentric & other sat pix) http://www.dibbs.net/%7Ejadkins/storm.html (Atlantic) http://www.flinet.com/%7reiter (GOES-8 US & Atlantic & FL) http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/tropical.html (tropics) http://www.sims.net/links/hurricane.html (several decent sat pix) http://www.t-e.k12.pa.us/~dbaron/satellite/ (tons of sat pix) http://www.typhoon.org.hk/ (few pix, but all basins) http://www.cira.colostate.edu (GOES-8 & 9, and historical) ************************************************************************** Subject: 6) Where can I get real-time radar data? (Provided by Gary Gray.) http://banzai.neosoft.com/citylink/blake/tropical.html (nice source) http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/tropical.html (full set of rad pix) http://tuna@www.alw.nih.gov/weather.html (Mid-Atlantic sites) http://www.atms.unca.edu/%7Efarr/hurricane96.html (decent selection) http://www.flinet.com/%7reiter (Miami radar) http://www.gulf.net/%7Egbamonte/min_wet.htm (Mobile, AL radar) http://www.ih2000.net/ira/bmt-wth.htm (coastal TX radar only) http://www.satchmo.com/nolavl/storm.html (New Orleans radar) ************************************************************************** Subject: 7) Where can I get real-time hurricane aircraft reconnaissance data? (Provided by Gary Gray.) gopher://geograf1.sbs.ohio-state.edu:70/1/Tropical (good recon lists) http://banzai.neosoft.com/citylink/blake/tropical.html (decent source) http://nhc-hp6.nhc.noaa.gov/products1.html (excellent site) http://ws321.uncc.edu/data/tropical (simple recon report grabber) http://www.funet.fi/pub/dx/text/utility/Hurricane (decoding info) http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/tropical.html (TCPOD & recon reports) ************************************************************************** Subject: 8) Where can I get real-time tropical cyclone motion and intensity model forecasts? (Provided by Gary Gray.) http://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/iwin/us/hurricane.html (GFDL model output!) http://nhc-hp6.nhc.noaa.gov/ftp/afos_web/NMCCHGHUR (NHC model ouput!!) http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/z/u/zudark/www/earth.html http://www.fnoc.navy.mil/noraps.html ("normal" model, but good for TS) http://www.nws.noaa.gov/Marine.htm (not models, but some forecasts) http://www.meto.govt.uk/sec2/sec2cyclone/sec2cyclone.html(old storms) http://maine.maine.edu/~rlight51/tropical.html (Gary. Gray's model) http://taylor.ems.psu.edu/~owens/weather.html (Gary. Gray's model) ************************************************************************** Subject: 9) Where can I get tropical cyclone preparedness information? (Provided by Gary Gray.) http://www.casualty.com/hcane.html (all the basic preparedness info) http://www.co.alachua.fl.us/%7Eacem/oemtest.html (Alachua Co., FL) http://www.fema.gov/fema/trop.html (FEMA) http://www.flinet.com/%7reiter (several links) http://www.gulf.net/%7Egbamonte/min_wet.htm (general preparedness) http://www.insiders.com/boca/flweathe.htm (basic preparedness info) http://www.oo.com/%7Efrank/disaster.html (disaster preparedness) http://www.pbpost.com/storm96/ (lots of preparedness info) http://www.sims.net/links/hurricane.html (great preparedness info) ************************************************************************** Subject: 10) What computer software is available for tracking tropical cyclones? (Descriptions kindly provided by Tom Berg and via the authors. Note that this does not constitute an endorsement of any product.) 1. HURRTRAK (Windows-based) --- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve in Aviation and Weather Channel forums. Also on AOL. It is also available through the WeatherNet: http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/software.html The company is PC Weather Products P.O. Box 72723 Marietta, GA 30007-2723 404-953-3506 800-605-2230 They offer a hobbyist edition and a regular edition. The hobbyist is $68.50 and the professional $206.50. They have Atlantic and Pacific versions. The professional edition allows for county lines, roadways, more detailed charts, and NHC forecasted positions. 2. STORM (DOS-based) ------ shareware, semi-functional available on AOL. The company is Utopia Software P.O. Box 420324 Houston, TX 77242 They offer a regular and enhanced version. The regular version is $25 and the enhanced is $50. What the enhanced offers special is the ability to enter and plot the forecasted positions from the NHC and to include offshore platforms or ships positions on the charts. 3. FORCE12 (Windows) ---- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve in Aviation and Weather Channel forums and AOL. The company is Epperson Computing P.O. Box 1094 Baytown, TX 77522-1094 There is only one version. The price is $25. 4. MERLIN (DOS) ----- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve in Aviation and Weather Channel forums. The company is T.M. Parker P.O. Box 1431 La Porte, TX 77572 There is only one version. Price is $29. 5. GCANES (DOS) ----- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve in Aviation forum. The company is Robert Terwilliger 2398 SW 22nd Ave. Miami, FL 33145 There is only one version. Price is $15. 6. HURRICANE FORECASTER (DOS) - shareware, semi-functional available on AOL. The company is Craig Rorrer 3809 Iola Ct. Virginia Beach, VA 23456 There is only one version. Price is $19.95. 7. HURRICANE TRACKER (Windows) -- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve forum Aviation. The company is Nicheware P.O. Box 1312 Summerville,SC 29484-1312 There is only one version. Price is $25. 8. HURRICANE WATCH! (Windows) --- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve forum Aviation and AOL. The company is SeaBorne Systems 414 Long Leaf Acres Dr. Wilmington, NC 28405 There is only one version. I think the price is $49. 9. TRACKEYE (Windows) ----- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve forums Aviation and Weather Channel. The company is GenCode Technologies 7907 N. Rome Ave. Tampa, FL 33604 There is only one version. Price is $19.95. 10. TRAKHUR (DOS) --- I only found it advertised in Weatherwise magazine. The company is Bryan Lambeth, PE Hurricane Research Srvc P.O. Box 181032 Austin, TX 78718 The version I have is TRAKHUR PRO. The regular price is $39.95, but the pro version was $59.95. 11. TRACKER (DOS) -- again, I found it through Weatherwise. The company is OceanSoft Inc. P.O. Box 1224 Largo, FL 34649 As to the price, I don't remember exactly. I think $69.95. But it also includes something unique called Mapper, this allows you to build your own maps of any ocean and will show the map in Mercator, Azimuthal, and spread types. 12. WINSTORM --- shareware, semi-functional available on Compuserve forum Aviation and AOL. The company is Ingramation 2437 Bay Area Blvd. Suite 349 Houston, TX 77058 13. MCHURRICANE -- a hurricane tracking program for the Macintosh, posted on AOL, along with several shareware CDs. The company is William I. Chenault 149 Country Club Rd Shalimar, FL 32579 (904)-651-2276 The shareware fee is $25. ************************************************************************** Subject: 11) Where can I get historical data of tropical cyclones? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE BEVEN REPORTS ;-) For unofficial near-real time summaries of global tropical cyclone activity, Jack Beven of the USA National Hurricane Center/Tropical Prediction Center produces these on a weekly basis and has done so for over three years. Text copies of past weekly summaries can be retrieved via ftp from squall.met.fsu.edu. They can be found in the directory pub/jack. If you'd like to obtain these near-real time summaries directly, simply email Jack at: jbeven@delphi.com and ask him to start sending you the summaries. Note however that these are already posted on sci.geo.meteorology and WX-TALK. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- FREE DATA ftp downdry.atmos.colostate.edu [129.82.107.154] Atlantic basin tropical storm and hurricane best track data, 1886-1995. Every 6 hour intensity and position information (files ending .atl). Also, Northeast/North-central Pacific tropical storm and hurricane data (1949-1995) (files ending .epc). Provided by landsea@aoml.noaa.gov (Chris Landsea). http://thunder.atms.purdue.edu/hurricane.html This best track information for the Atlantic has provided in seperate images for each years by some people at Purdue University. The tracks for the individual years have been provided in a color coded (for intensity) format. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOT-FREE DATA World Weather Disc ($295): Monthly temp, precip, pressure, sunshine data for about 2000 world stations for period of record. Daily weather data at hundreds of US stations. Data for some stations on temp, precip, freeze, drought, soil moisture, wind, storms. Frequency and movement of tropical cyclones. Contact: Cliff Mass, Dept. of Atmos. Sci. (AK40), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. 206/685-0910. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Global Tropical and Extratropical Cyclone Climatic Atlas (GTECCA) ($100): This CD-ROM contains all global historic tropical storm track data available for five tropical storm basins. Periods of record varies for each basin, with the beginning as early as the 1870s and with 1992 at the latest year. Northern hemispheric extratropical storm track data will be included from 1965 to 1992. Tropical track data includes time, position, storm stage (maximum wind, central pressure when available). The user can display tracks, track data for any basin or user-selected geographic area, or tracks passing within a user-defined radius of any point. Narratives for all tropical storms for the 1980-1992 period will be included as well as basin-wide tropical storm climatological statistics. Contact: National Climatic Data Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801, USA. 704/271-4800, email orders@ncdc.noaa.gov. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Web Site Historical Data: (Provided by Gary Gray.) http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/tropical.html (1995 storm map) http://grads.iges.org/pix/allhurr.html (1995 track info) http://lumahai.soest.hawaii.edu/Tropical_Weather/tropical.shtml http://meridian.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/dmsp.html (Allison & Erin sat pix) http://nhc-hp6.nhc.noaa.gov/pasthur.html (archive data) http://thunder.atms.purdue.edu/hurricane.html (past tracks) http://vortex.plymouth.edu/home.html (some nice past sat pix/loops) http://www.aer.com/hurricane/hurricanes_95.html (great 1995 sat pix) http://www.bbsr.edu/weather (nice 1995 sat pix) http://www.fema.gov/fema/trop.html (some 1995 storm archives) http://www.flinet.com/%7reiter (links to much past data) http://www.gulf.net/%7Egbamonte/min_wet.htm (Erin & Opal stories) http://www.insiders.com/boca/flweathe.htm (brief Andrew/Gordon info) http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/ols-app-hurr.html (a few old sat pix) http://www.pbpost.com/storm96/ (excellent 1995 overview) http://www.satchmo.com/nolavl/storm.html (LA storm archives) http://www.sims.net/links/hurricane.html (1995 storm archive) http://www.terrapin.com/hurricane/Plotter (1995 plots... needs Java) http://www.vas-das.com/ (TONS of GOES-8 images... not just tropical) ************************************************************************** Subject: 12) What journals have regular articles on tropical cyclones? The American Meteorological Society publishes the _Monthly Weather Review_ which has annual summaries of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones, Atlantic basin tropical disturbances, and Northeast Pacific (east of 140W) basin tropical cyclones. These summaries have a substantial amount of data and analysis of the storms. _Weatherwise_ prints annual summaries of both the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific basins which are less technical that the _Monthly Weather Review_ articles, but come out months earlier. For just the tropical cyclones of the Southeast Indian/Australia and the Australia/Southwest Pacific basins, the _Australia Meteorological Magazine_ has a very thorough annual summary. The Indian journal _Mausam_ carries an annual summary of tropical cyclone activity over the North Indian Ocean. _Mariner's Weather Log_ has articles from all of the global basins in annual summaries. These are descriptive and non-technical. ************************************************************************** Subject: 13) What books have been written about tropical cyclones? ************************ BEST NON-TECHNICAL BOOK: _The Hurricane_ ************************ For a excellent introductory text into hurricanes (and tropical cyclones in general), this book by R.A. Pielke provides the basics on the physical mechanisms of hurricanes without getting into any mathematical rigor. This first version is just 100 pages of text with another 120 pages devoted toward all of the tracks of Atlantic hurricanes from 1871-1989. Roger A. Pielke is a professor of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University (USA). The book's 1990 edition is available through Routledge Publishing, New York. (An updated version of this book should be forthcoming in 1996.) ******************** BEST TECHNICAL BOOK: _Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones_ ******************** This is the revised version of _A Global View of Tropical Cyclones_ and is the most current, detailed book available on the subject. This book provides the state of the science as of 1994. Improvements over the previous version include a chapter on the ocean response to tropical cyclones. This paperback book is written in 1995 by G.R. Foley, H.E. Willoughby, J.L. McBride, R.L. Elsberry, I. Ginis, and L. Chen with Elsberry serving as Editor and is available from the World Meterological Organization as Report No. TCP-38. Their address is: World Meteorological Organization Publications Sales Unit Case Postale 2300 CH-1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland ************************ BEST FORECASTING MANUAL: _Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting_ ************************ For the tropical cyclone forecaster and also of general interest for anyone in the field and those with a non-technical interest in the field, the loose-leaf book - _Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting_ (1993) by G.J. Holland (ed.), World Meteorological Organization, WMO/TD-No. 560, Report No. TCP-31 is a must get. (See above for address of the WMO.) ********************** OTHER BOOKS AVAILABLE: ********************** ______Atlantic Hurricanes_______ A classic book describing tropical cyclones primarily of the Atlantic basin, but also covering the physical understanding of tropical cyclone genesis, motion, and intensity change at the time is _Atlantic Hurricanes_ by Gordon E. Dunn and Banner I. Miller. Written in 1960, published by the Louisiana State Press, this book gives provides good insight into the knowledge of tropical cyclones as of the late 1950s. It is interesting to observe that much of what we know was well understood at this pre- satellite era. Gordon E. Dunn was the Director of the U.S. National Hurricane Center and Banner I. Miller was a research meteorologist also at the National Hurricane Center. ________Hurricanes, Their Nature and History______ Before Dunn and Miller's book, Ivan Ray Tannehill came out with an authoritative reference on the history, structure, climatology, historical tracks, and forecasting techniques of Atlantic hurricanes as was known by the mid-1930s. This is one of the first compilations of yearly tracks of Atlantic storms - he provides tracks of memorable tropical cyclones all the way back to the 1700s and shows all the storm tracks yearly from 1901 onward. The first edition came out in 1938 and the book went through at least nine editions (my book was published in 1956). Mr. Tannehill was engaged as a hurricane forecasts for over 20 years and also lead the Division of Synoptic Reports and Forecasts of the U.S. Weather Bureau. Princeton University Press, 308 pp (in 1956 version). ________A Global View of Tropical Cyclones_______ A very thorough book dealing with the technical issues of tropical cyclones for the state of the science in the mid-1980s: _A Global View of Tropical Cyclones_ (1987) by Elsberry, Holland, Frank, Jarrell, and Southern; University of Chicago Press, 195 pp. A revised version of this book has recently become available, see _Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones_ below. ________Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1871-1992_______ Researchers and those who follow Atlantic hurricanes should all have a copy of the atlas: _Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1871-1992_, by C.J. Neumann, B.R. Jarvinen, C.J. McAdie, J.D. Elms; Asheville, NC, (1993), Prepared by the National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, in cooperation with the National Hurricane Center, Coral Gables, FL, 193 pp. ________Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871-1993, An Historical Survey_________ A recent book providing a historical perspective of Florida Hurricanes is _Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871-1993, An Historical Survey_, F. Doehring, I.W. Duedall, and J.M. Williams, (1994), Tp-71, Florida Sea Grant College Program, Gainesville, Florida, USA, 118 pp. ________Cyclone Tracy, Picking up the Pieces_______ Twenty years after Cyclone Tracy, this book recreates, by interviews with survivors, the events during and after the cyclone that nearly destroyed Darwin, Australia: _Cyclone Tracy, Picking up the pieces_, B. Bunbury, (1994), Fremantle Arts Centre Press, South Fremantle, Australia, 148 pp. ************************************************************************** Subject: 14) What refereed articles were written during 1994 about tropical cyclones? At the ftp site: ftp downdry.atmos.colostate.edu [129.82.107.154] The file, TCpubs.1994, contains all known refereed publications concerning tropical cyclones that were in journals around the world with a print date of 1994. Maintained by landsea@aoml.noaa.gov (Chris Landsea). ***************************************************************************** Chris Landsea NOAA Post-Doctorate Fellow in Climate and Global Change NOAA AOML/Hurricane Research Division Voice: (305) 361-4357 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Fax: (305) 361-4402 Miami, Florida 33149 Internet: landsea@aoml.noaa.gov ***************************************************************************** "June - too soon. July - stand by. .... Old Florida fisherman's jingle August - look out you must. .... on the hurricane season September - remember. .... (from _The Everglades: River of Grass_) October - all over." @START@S. Texas Backs Clean Energy More information on public support for energy efficiency, renewable energy, and the environment. Remember, folks, you can register your opposition (with Congress) to cutting the federal wind and solar energy research budget at the following Web site: http://www.netcom.com/~stevie2/budget.html Info on other surveys is available through our Web site: http://www.econet.org/awea Look in the FAQ section. Tom Gray Director of Communications American Wind Energy Association I was recently a participant in a novel polling exercise in Corpus Christi. Central Power & Light (CPL) needed to get public input on a forthcoming integrated resource plan. They used a deliberative poll. A statistically valid sample of people were polled. A representative sample of those, some 266 citizens, were brought together for an intensive weekend of deliberation on the issues. An exit poll recorded their preferences. Most deliberation occurred in small groups, with no advocacy by any moderators or experts. Participants got to address questions to 3 panels of "experts" and the PUC itself. I summarized the results in an EDF briefing document as follows. Karl R. Rabago, Environmental Defense Fund 44 East Avenue, Suite, 304, Austin, Texas 78701 (512) 478-5161, fax (512) 478-8140 krabago@edf.org South Texans Speak Loudly and Clearly for a Clean Electric Energy Future "Central Power and Light had better start working on energy efficiency and renewable energy if they are going to satisfy customers,"said Karl R. Rabago, Environmental Defense Fund's national energy program manager, about results from an innovative polling exercise conducted last weekend. This poll strengthens findings from other polls which show strong support for clean energy in Texas. CP&L gathered a representative sample of electric customers in Corpus Christi on June 1 & 2 to discuss options for meeting a projected need for new electric resources. EDF's Rabago participated in the meeting as an expert on energy efficiency and renewable energy issues. CP&L says it needs 200-400 MW of new electric capacity by the year 2000, and given delays for regulatory approvals, this means the company must start the approval process now. A Deliberative Pollingv exercise was an effort by the company to determine customer preferences. Identical polls were conducted before and after the discussion process, and the results were released today. The poll brought surprises in a number of areas. Highlights of the results include: o Almost half the participants (46%) said the first thing the utility should do is promote energy efficiency. An additional 22% said energy efficiency was the second choice. The most popular second choice was renewable (wind and solar) energy, with 38% of customer support. The most popular third choice was building a fossil fuel plant, using coal or natural gas (29%). o Customer views changed as a result of the process. These changes are likely to be the most strongly debated issue to come out of the poll. Only 11% of customers wanted energy efficiency as their first choice before deliberating. This number grew by a factor of four as a result of the process--to 46%. Two-thirds of the customers wanted renewable energy as their first choice before deliberation. When presented with the immediacy of the need for a power solution, CP&L's lack of experience with renewables, and the abundance of low-cost efficiency resources, renewables as a first choice dropped to 16%. Still, customer support for renewables and the reduction of pollution were strongly supported in response to other questions (see below). On average, customers also felt very strongly that the costs of renewable energy will drop with further development of these technologies. o Customers are willing to pay more for clean energy. 76% of customers are willing to pay $1 or more per month for renewable energy, 65% of customers will pay $1 or more for energy efficiency each month, and 68% of customers will pay $1 or more per month for unspecified options to provide extra environmental protection. The results prove that customers are willing to share in the cost of developing new renewable energy generation options. Moreover, the slightly lower willingness to pay for energy efficiency proves that customers know these resources are available at very low prices not requiring a premium payment. In fact, while willingness to pay fell for all options after deliberation, the amount customers were willing to spend on renewables fell the least. o Customers have very strongly held values. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 representing an "extremely important," the following issues scored 8 or higher: + Reduce pollution (9.32) + Reduce use of natural gas and coal with customer-based energy efficiency (8.72) + Using resources that maintain environmental quality (8.71) + Promote economic growth in the community (8.57) + Using renewable energy, like the sun or wind (8.55) + Everyone has their basic needs met (8.46) + Preserve limited fossil fuels for the future (8.18) + Rates and services to treat low income customers fairly (8.01) o Customers also understood the concept of long and short term costs. Fully 76.5% of customers expressed a preference for projects with high capital costs and low operating costs like renewable energy. 50.2% of customers also said that the utility should focus on the long term (over the next 10-20 years). An additional 37.8% of customers felt the utility should focus on both the long and short term in their planning. o Customers had strong opinions on CP&L planning priorities as well. On a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 representing an "extremely important," the following options scored 8 or higher: + Energy efficiency services and technologies (8.5) + Solar and wind energy (8.4) + Options to add an extra measure of environmental protection (8.35) o Customer concerns about environmental problems were very strong. 77.9% of customers said global warming was a very serious (43.8%) or somewhat serious (34.1%) problem. 83.5% of customers said air pollution was a very serious (32.3%) or somewhat serious (51.2%) problem. Moreover, demonstrating a lack of faith in current pollution control efforts, 51.2% of customers felt that air pollution is a problem that is likely to get worse. "This marks the first time a utility has involved a statistically representative sample of customers in the process of resource planning," said Rabago. "CPL has taken a very positive step as a utility satisfying the requirement of public participation, as required by integrated resource planning requirements passed into law last year. This is why consumers and environmental advocates fought so hard for IRP." Integrated resource planning became law in Texas last year, though the Public Utility Commission has yet to adopt final rules. "EDF hopes the PUC will look closely at these polling results, and ensure that the final IRP rules will ensure customers get what they want from their utility," concluded Rabago. "Texas customers want an increased effort to make energy use more efficient, cleaner, and more renewable--all without compromising reliability. There is a huge untapped demand for clean energy that customers will buy if they are allowed to choose. With aggressive efforts to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy to complement our low-priced natural gas resources, Texas can get more jobs, more power, cleaner air and a brighter future." @START@EPA Internet NewsBrief June 7, 1996 INTERNET NEWSBRIEF June 7, 1996 ** SPECIAL EDITION ** ISO 14000 INFORMATION ** SPECIAL EDITION ** ** EPA INFORMATION ** EPA Standards Network http://es.inel.gov/partners/iso/iso.html Produced as part of the Enviro$en$e program, this site offers an insight into the ISO standards from the US EPA. THe site includes basic information on the ISO standards and their impact in the US. Also included are contacts for more information but there are no links to sources outside the EPA from this site. ** GOVERNMENT INFORMATION ** National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/210/environ.html The NIST promotes US economic growth by working with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards. This site offers information on the ISO 14000 and its impact on American buisiness. ** INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION ** International Organization on Standardization (ISO) http:/www.iso.ch/meme/TC207.html The official organization for the development of standards, this is the direct source for information on ISO 14000 and other international standard documentation. This URL points to the actual provisions of the ISO 14000 as directed by the Technical Committee 207, its administering body. ** BUSINESS/CORPORATE INFORMATION ** A lot of information exists from corporate sources because many companies exist to train businesses and employees in the ISO 14000. This list chose sites that were informative and somewhat comprehensive. This list in no way endorses a particular company or its products. Book excerpt - Tom Tibor's ISO 14000: A guide to the new environmental management standards. http://http1.brunel.ac.uk:8080/depts/chem/advanced/resource/tibor.htm Excerpted from a 1995 publication by Irwin Publishing, this document offers a clear overview of the topic and includes detailed information on the development of the standards. Exploring ISO 14000 http://www.mgmt14k.com A primer to the ISO 14000, this site is produced by Management Alliances Inc. Including features like FAQs, full text articles and the popular ISO 14001 pizza, the site covers ISO 14000 in depth and touches on ISO 9000 as well. Stoller ISO 14000 Information http://www.stoller.com/iso.htm A facet of the S.M. Stoller Corporation's Web site, this page presents information about ISO 14000 and their training programs for business and industry. The site includes an overview and description, full text articles, and a visual roadmap. ISO 14000 Infocenter http://www.ISO14000.com This site is produced by the Environmental Industry Web Site (www.enviroindustry.com). Though under construction at the time of this citation, its content seems solid and comprehensive. DISCLAIMER The information provided in Internet Newsbrief was correct, to the best of our knowledge, at the time of publication. It is important to remember, however, the dynamic nature of the Internet. Resources that are free and publicly available one day may require a fee or restrict access the next, and the location of items may change as menus and homepages are reorganized. @START@EPA Internet Newsbrief June 14, 1996 INTERNET NEWSBRIEF JUNE 14, 1996 ** EPA INFORMATION ** CBEP Fact Sheet http://www.epa.gov/ecosystems/fact.html A new site from EPA on its Community-Based Environmental Protection (CBEP) program. The CBEP approach tailors environmental programs to address the problems of a particular watershed, ecosystem, or other place. CBEP is designed to maximize the use of scarce resources, encourage local support, and consider the economic well-being of communities. The site includes a thorough explanation of the program; examples of CBEP projects; and contact information throughout the agency. EPA National Library Network Program http://www.epa.gov/natlibra/index.html The EPA Library Network works to improve access to information for EPA decision making and environmental awareness. Their new web site offers access to the EPA national catalog (via telnet); Library Network Policy and Procedures; and a sorted list of EPA libraries. Under construction are a list of journals held by EPA libraries and a core list for an environmental reference collection. ** GOVERNMENT INFORMATION ** Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development. http://www.sustainable.doe.gov/ U.S. Department of Energy has created this site to help communities design and implement sustainable development; a new approach to planning. The resources include a tool kit, road map, and current events. The site is a part of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in the Department of Energy. HUD Office of Lead Based Paint Abatement and Poisoning Prevention http://www.hud.gov/lea/leahome.html A new web site from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, this site includes regulations, outreach, training, standards and grant availability. Several of the pages are still in development. ** INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION ** U.S. Census Bureau International Programs Center (IPC) http://www.census.gov/ftp/pub/ipc/www/ The IPC is the area within the U.S. Census Bureau that conducts international research, international technical assistance and training, and makes software products available to countries around the world. The site includes a world population clock, information resources, and several searchable databases of information. ** BUSINESS/CORPORATE INFORMATION ** Elsevier Science Tables of Contents service http://www.elsevier.nl:80/cas/estoc/Menu.html The Elsevier Science Tables of Contents service is updated weekly and gives the tables of contents of more than 1,000 Elsevier Science primary and review journals. Search capabilities include journal and article title, date, and abstracts. DISCLAIMER The information provided in Internet Newsbrief was correct, to the best of our knowledge, at the time of publication. It is important to remember, however, the dynamic nature of the Internet. Resources that are free and publicly available one day may require a fee or restrict access the next, and the location of items may change as menus and homepages are reorganized. @START@Rachel #497: Economic Inequality and Health =======================Electronic Edition======================== . . . RACHEL'S ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH WEEKLY #497 . . ---June 6, 1996--- . . HEADLINES: . . ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND HEALTH . . ========== . . Environmental Research Foundation . . P.O. Box 5036, Annapolis, MD 21403 . . Fax (410) 263-8944; Internet: erf@rachel.clark.net . . ========== . . Back issues available by E-mail; to get instructions, send . . E-mail to INFO@rachel.clark.net with the single word HELP . . in the message; back issues also available via ftp from . . ftp.std.com/periodicals/rachel and from gopher.std.com. . . Permission to repost, reprint or quote is hereby granted. . . Subscribe: send E-mail to rachel-weekly-request@world.std.com . . with the single word SUBSCRIBE in the message. It's free. . ================================================================= ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND HEALTH It seems obvious that poor people are more likely to be sick, and to die at an earlier age, compared to rich people. Several recent studies from the U.S. confirm that this is the case.[1,2,3,4] What is not so obvious is that the health of the poor is harmed in proportion to the size of the gap between rich and poor. It isn't the absolute level of poverty that matters so much as the size of the gap between rich and poor. In other words, "...what matters in determining mortality and health in a society is less the overall wealth of that society and more how evenly wealth is distributed. The more equally wealth is distributed the better the health of that society," according to an editorial in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL April 20th.[5] Two recent studies of the U.S. indicate that this is so,[6,7] and they are not the first to make the case.[8,9] The two recent studies, published in April in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, examine all 50 states within the U.S. Each study defines a measure of income inequality and compares it to various rates of disease and other social problems. Both the studies --one from Harvard and one from University of California at Berkeley --conclude that the greater the gap between rich and poor, the greater the chances that people will be sick and die young. It isn't the absolute level of wealth in a society that determines health; it is the size of the gap between rich and poor. Let's look at some of the details: George Kaplan and his colleagues at Berkeley measured inequality in the 50 states as the percentage of total household income received by the less well off 50% of households.[6] It ranged from about 17% in Louisiana and Mississippi to about 23% in Utah and New Hampshire. In other words, by this measure, Utah and New Hampshire have the most EQUAL distribution of income, while Louisiana and Mississippi have the most UNEQUAL distribution of income. This measure of income inequality was then compared to the age-adjusted death rate for all causes of death, and a pattern emerged: the more unequal the distribution of income, the greater the death rate. For example in Louisiana and Mississippi the age-adjusted death rate is about 960 per 100,000 people, while in New Hampshire it is about 780 per 100,000 and in Utah it is about 710 per 100,000 people. Adjusting these results for average income in each state did not change the picture: in other words, it is the gap between rich and poor, and not the average income in each state, that best predicts the death rate in each state. This measure of income inequality was also tested against other social conditions besides health. States with greater inequality in the distribution of income also had higher rates of unemployment, higher rates of incarceration, a higher percentage of people receiving income assistance and food stamps, and a greater percentage of people without medical insurance. Again, the gap between rich and poor was the best predictor, not the average income in the state. Interestingly, states with greater inequality of income distribution also spent less per person on education, had fewer books per person in the schools, and had poorer educational performance, including worse reading skills, worse math skills, and lower rates of completion of high school. States with greater inequality of income also had a greater proportion of babies born with low birth weight; higher rates of homicide; higher rates of violent crime; a greater proportion of the population unable to work because of disabilities; a higher proportion of the population using tobacco; and a higher proportion of the population being sedentary (inactive). Lastly, states with greater inequality of income had higher costs per-person for medical care, and higher costs per person for police protection. The Harvard researchers used a slightly different measure of inequality, called the Robin Hood index.[10] The higher the Robin Hood index, the greater the inequality in the distribution of income. The researchers calculated the Robin Hood index for all 50 states and then examined its relationship to various measures of health and well being. They found that the Robin Hood index correlated with the overall age-adjusted death rate. Each percentage point increase in the Robin Hood index was associated with an increase in total mortality of 21.7 deaths per 100,000 population. The Robin Hood index was also strongly associated with the infant mortality (death) rate; with deaths from heart disease; with deaths from cancer; and with deaths by homicide among both blacks and whites. The Harvard team concludes that reducing inequality would bring important health benefits. For example, if the Robin Hood index were reduced from 30% to 25% (about where it is in England), deaths from coronary heart disease would be reduced by 25%. These studies are important because they confirm work that has previously found a relationship between income inequality and health, using data of good quality from all 50 states.[11] Inequality in the distribution of income and wealth[12] has been increasing in the U.S. for about 20 years.[13,14,15,16] In 1977 the wealthiest 5% of Americans captured 16.8% of the nation's entire income; by 1989 that same 5% was capturing 18.9%. During the 4-year Clinton presidency the wealthiest 5% have increased their take of the total to over 21%, "an unprecedented rate of increase," according to the British ECONOMIST magazine.[17] Inequality in the distribution of wealth in the U.S. is even greater than the inequality in income. In 1983, the wealthiest 5% of Americans owned 56% of all the wealth in the U.S.; by 1989, the same 5% had increased their share of the pie to 62%.[16,pg.29] These trends in inequality in the U.S. are accelerating as time passes. We now know that these trends have real consequences for the health of people and society. As a nation, we have traditionally thought it was acceptable if the rich got richer, so long as the poor were minimally provided for. These studies now reveal that such a situation is not acceptable. As the gap grows between rich and poor, the health of the nation deteriorates, the social fabric unravels, and the cost of maintaining community goes up. How does the gap between rich an poor harm the health of the poor? Evidently, the psychological hardship of being low down on the social ladder has detrimental effects on people, beyond whatever effects are produced by the substandard housing, nutrition, air quality, recreational opportunities, and medical care enjoyed by the poor.[18] The growing gap between rich and poor has not been ordained by extraterrestrial beings. It has been created by the policies of governments: taxation, training, investment in children and their education, modernization of businesses, transfer payments, minimum wages and health benefits, capital availability, support for green industries, encouragement of labor unions, attention to infrastructuire and technical assistance to entrepreneurs, among others. In the U.S., government policies of the past 20 years have promoted, encouraged and celebrated inequality. These are choices that we, as a society, have made. Now one half of our society is afraid of the other half, and the gap between us is expanding. Our health is not the only thing in danger. They that sow the wind shall reap the whirlwind. --Peter Montague =============== [1] George Davey Smith and others, "Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality Risk among Men Screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White Men," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Vol. 86, No. 4 (April, 1996), pgs. 486-496. [2] George Davey Smith and others, "Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality Risk among Men Screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: II. Black Men," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Vol. 86, No. 4 (April, 1996), pgs. 497-504. [3] Gopal K. Singh and Stella M. Yu, "US Childhood Mortality, 1950 through 1993: Trends and Socioeconomic Differentials," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Vol. 86, No. 4 (April, 1996), pgs. 505-512. [4] C. Wayne Sells and Robert Wm. Blum, "Morbidity and Mortality among US Adolescents: An Overview of Data and Trends," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Vol. 86, No. 4 (April, 1996), pgs. 513-519. [5] Editorial, "The Big Idea," BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 312 (April 20, 1996), pg. [985]. [6] George A. Kaplan and others, "Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: analysis of mortality and potential pathways," BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 312 (April 20, 1996), pgs. 999-1003. [7] Bruce P. Kennedy and others, "Income distribution and mortality: cross sectional ecological study of the Robin Hood index in the United States," BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 312 (April 20, 1996), pgs. 1004-1007. [8] Richard G. Wilkinson, "Income distribution and life expectancy," BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 304 (January 18, 1992), pgs. 165-168. See also footnote 11, below. [9] Robert J. Waldmann, "Income Distribution and Infant Mortality," THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS Vol. 107 (November 1, 1992), pgs. 1283-1302. [10] The Robin Hood index (RHI) is calculated by dividing the population into 10 groups, richest to poorest. The RHI calculation proceeds by first summing the percentage of income for each 10% group whose percentage of available income exceeds 10% and then subtracting the product of the number of 10% groups that meet this criterion times 10%. Example: in Massachusetts in 1990, the top 10% received 29.93% of income; the next lower 10% received 16.41% of all income; the next lower 10% received 13.09% if all income; the next lower 10% received 10.83% of all income, and the remaining six 10% groups each received less than 10% of income and are therefore ignored in the RHI calculation. The RHI index for Massachusetts in 1990 is therefore calculated from the top four 10% groups: (10.83% + 13.09% + 16.41% + 29.93%)-(4x10%) = 70.26%-40% = 30.26%. See Appendix, pg. 1007, of Kennedy, cited above in note 7. [11] The body of literature linking health to the gap between rich and poor is reviewed in Richard G. Wilkinson, "Commentary: A reply to Ken Judge: mistaken criticisms ignore overwhelming evidence," BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 311 (November 11, 1995), pgs. 1285-1287, which was written as a response to Ken Judge, "Income distribution and life expectancy: a critical appraisal," BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 311 (November 11, 1995), pgs. 1282-1285. [12] Wealth is the net worth of a household, calculated by adding up the current value of all assets a household owns (bank accounts, stocks, bonds, life insurance savings, mutual fund shares, houses, unincorporated businesses, consumer durables such as cars and major appliances, and the value of pension rights), then subtracting the value of all liabilities (consumer debt, mortgage balances, and other outstanding debt). [13] Sheldon Danziger and others, "How the Rich Have Fared, 1973-1987," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW Vol. 79 (May, 1989), pgs. 310-314. [14] McKinley L. Blackburn and David E. Bloom, "Earnings and Income Inequality in the United States," POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW Vol. 13, No. 4 (December, 1987), pgs. 575-609. [15] Johan Fritzell, "Income Inequality Trends in the 1980s: A Five-Country Comparison," ACTA SOCIOLOGICA Vol. 36 (1993), pgs. 47-62. [16] Edward N. Wolff, TOP HEAVY; A STUDY OF THE INCREASING INEQUALITY OF WEALTH IN AMERICA (New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1995). Although this is a study of wealth inequality, chapter 6 deals with income inequality. [17] "Up, down and standing still," THE ECONOMIST February 24, 1996, pgs. 30, 33. [18] George Davey Smith, "Income inequality and mortality: why are they related?" BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 312 (April 20, 1996), pgs. 987-988. Descriptor terms: wealth; income distribution; equity; inequality; economy; poverty; morbodity statistics; mortality statistics; homicide; tobacco use; education; disabilities; incarceration; robin hood index; harvard; berkeley; ################################################################ NOTICE Environmental Research Foundation provides this electronic version of RACHEL'S ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH WEEKLY free of charge even though it costs our organization considerable time and money to produce it. We would like to continue to provide this service free. You could help by making a tax-deductible contribution (anything you can afford, whether $5.00 or $500.00). Please send your contribution to: Environmental Research Foundation, P.O. Box 5036, Annapolis, MD 21403-7036. --Peter Montague, Editor ################################################################ @START@Rachel #498: Dangers of Chemical Combinations =======================Electronic Edition======================== . . . RACHEL'S ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH WEEKLY #498 . . ---June 13, 1996--- . . HEADLINES: . . DANGERS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS . . ========== . . Environmental Research Foundation . . P.O. Box 5036, Annapolis, MD 21403 . . Fax (410) 263-8944; Internet: erf@rachel.clark.net . . ========== . . Back issues available by E-mail; to get instructions, send . . E-mail to INFO@rachel.clark.net with the single word HELP . . in the message; back issues also available via ftp from . . ftp.std.com/periodicals/rachel and from gopher.std.com. . . Permission to repost, reprint or quote is hereby granted. . . Subscribe: send E-mail to rachel-weekly-request@world.std.com . . with the single word SUBSCRIBE in the message. It's free. . ================================================================= DANGERS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS The chemical industry received some extraordinarily bad news last week. SCIENCE magazine published a new study showing that some COMBINATIONS of hormone-disrupting chemicals are much more powerful than any of the individual chemicals by themselves.[1] SCIENCE magazine is the conservative voice of mainstream science in the U.S. Until last week SCIENCE had largely ignored the possibility that industrial chemicals may be interfering with hormones in wildlife and humans. The new study shows that combinations of two or three common pesticides, at low levels that might be found in the environment, are up to 1600 times as powerful as any of the individual pesticides by themselves. The study showed that one chemical, chlordane, which has no ability to disrupt hormones by itself, nevertheless greatly magnifies the ability of other chemicals to disrupt hormones. If these findings are confirmed by follow-up studies, it could profoundly affect the way chemicals are viewed, tested for toxicity, and regulated because combinations of chemicals will have to be considered. The environmental protection apparatus of the U.S. and, indeed, the world, is presently based on studies of individual chemicals acting alone. Hormones are natural chemicals that act as messengers, traveling through the blood stream, regulating various bodily processes, coordinating the body's activities to maintain health. Hormones are particularly important during growth and development of an egg, an embryo, a fetus, a baby. About 100 different hormones have now been identified, and they control growth, development and behavior in all vertebrates (fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals), including humans.[2] (See REHW #263, #264.) Since 1991, studies have shown that at least 50 synthetic (human-created) industrial chemicals can interfere with hormones and disrupt normal growth and development in birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and humans.[3] The results of such interference can include changes in sexual preference and behavior; small penises; diminished sperm count; various cancers; nervous system disorders; birth defects; and damage to the immune system, among other effects. Many of the 50 hormone-disrupting chemicals are commonly found in detergents, plastics, and pesticides. In response to these studies, the chemical industry has asserted that low-level environmental exposures are not powerful enough to affect humans.[4] The new study published this week in SCIENCE shows that the chemical industry's position is not likely to hold up under scrutiny. The editors of SCIENCE evidently considered the new study so important that they simultaneously published two articles commenting on the findings.[5,6] (Furthermore, in the same issue, they published a flattering review of the recent book on hormone-disrupting chemicals, OUR STOLEN FUTURE.[7]) Even the editors of the NEW YORK TIMES considered the new study important enough to report on it in a straightforward manner.[8] In March and April the TIMES had published a series of biased and inaccurate articles by Gina Kolata, who said the theory that industrial chemicals might interfere with hormones had been "refuted by careful studies," none of which she cited or described. (See REHW #486 and #492.) When scientists wrote letters to the editor, seeking to restore balance after Ms. Kolata's reporting, the TIMES refused to publish any of their letters. One group of scientists finally grew so frustrated that they took the highly unusual step of purchasing ad space in the TIMES to complain about Ms. Kolata's inaccuracies and bias.[9] The idea that common industrial chemicals may be interfering with the hormones of wildlife and humans, has far-reaching implications. If it is true, it means that the chemical industry as we know it is a threat to all life on earth. How can we learn whether this is true? Chemicals with vastly different molecular struc-tures have proven to be hormone disrupters.[10] This means that a chemical's ability to disrupt hormones cannot be discovered simply by examining a diagram of the molecule. In other words, the study of so-called structure/function relationships is not helpful in the case of hormone-disrupters. Therefore thousands of chemicals will need to be tested individually for their ability to disrupt hormones. A thorough battery of tests has not yet been devised, and there are now 70,000 chemicals currently in commercial use, with about 1000 new ones added each year. The prospect of testing the toxicity of this number of chemicals, even one at a time, is daunting. No one knows where the resources would come from to conduct such a large number of tests. The new study in SCIENCE makes the enormous problem of individually testing 70,000 chemicals seem small by comparison. If scientists have to study COMBINATIONS of chemicals, their job is vastly increased.[11] For example, to test just the commonest 1000 toxic chemicals in unique combinations of 3 would require at least 166 million different experiments (and this disregards the need to study varying doses).[12] Even if each experiment took just one hour to complete and 100 laboratories worked round the clock seven days a week, testing all possible unique 3-way combinations of 1000 chemicals would still take over 180 years to complete. This is not the first evidence that some combinations of chemicals are more powerful than any of their individual chemicals. Earlier this year researchers at the Duke University Medical Center published a study of three chemicals to which U.S. soldiers were exposed during the Gulf War. None of the three chemicals, by itself, caused nerve damage in laboratory animals, but TOGETHER the three chemicals showed powerful nerve-damaging effects --effects so strong that the researchers concluded that they may have found the cause of "Gulf War Syndrome," which plagues at least 30,000 U.S. veterans of that war.[13] Even earlier, studies had shown that exposure to radiation enhances the toxicity of certain chemicals,[14] and that tobacco smoke and asbestos enhance each other's toxicity.[15] However, the U.S. never tests chemical combinations to assess chemical dangers. For example, the National Research Council (NRC) recently studied the problem of doing "risk assessments" for combinations of chemicals. The NRC concluded that simply adding up the individual toxicities was the way to handle combinations. NRC said this approach would underestimate the toxicity of combinations of chemicals no more than 10-fold.[16] The new study published in SCIENCE throws the NRC's conclusion into a cocked hat. Combinations of two and three pesticides turn out to be anywhere from 160 to 1600 times as powerful as any of the individual pesticides. Risk assessments that assume chemical combinations are only 10 times as powerful as the individual chemicals may underestimate the dangers 100-fold or more. Most importantly, one chemical (chlordane) by itself showed no hormone-disrupting effects, yet it magnified the hormone-disrupting power of other chemicals when combined with them. This means that we must identify, and protect ourselves against, even very weak hormone-disrupting chemicals because they may not be so weak when combined with other common chemicals. It is hard to imagine a practical, manageable testing program that can sort through these problems and produce reliable, comprehensive results in less than a century. By that time, if damage is being done now, as many scientists believe is the case, it will be far too late. The solution to this huge, complex problem? Theo Colborn and Pete Myers suggested some beginning steps in their recent book, OUR STOLEN FUTURE (see REHW #486, #487, #490): ** Greatly reduce the number of chemicals on the market. (pg. 226) ** Reduce the number of chemicals used in a given product; make products simpler. (pg. 226) ** Make and market only chemicals that can be readily detected at relevant levels in the real world with current technology. (pg. 226) ** Do not produce a chemical unless its degradation in the environment is well understood. (pg. 227) ** Curtail the introduction of thousands of new synthetic chemicals each year. (pg. 247) ** Reduce the use of pesticides as much as possible. (pg. 247) Pesticides should be used only in genuine emergencies. (pg. 217) ** Shift the burden of proof onto manufacturers... To a disturbing degree, the current system assumes that chemicals are innocent until proven guilty. This is wrong. The burden of proof should work the opposite way, because the current approach, a presumption of innocence, has time and again made people sick and damaged ecosystems. (pg. 219) ** The tool of risk assessment is now used to keep questionable compounds on the market until they are proven guilty. It should be redefined as a means of keeping untested chemicals off the market and eliminating the most worrisome in an orderly, timely fashion. (pg. 219) ** Science alone does not always have the answer.... The time has come to pause and finally ask the ethical questions that have been overlooked in the headlong rush of the 20th century. Is it right to change Earth's atmosphere? Is it right to alter the chemical environment in the womb for every unborn child? (pg. 247) ** Now that we know better, we must have the courage to be cautious, for the stakes are very high. (pg. 249) --Peter Montague =============== [1] Steven F. Arnold and others, "Synergistic Activation of Estrogen Receptor with Combinations of Environmental Chemicals," SCIENCE Vol. 272 (June 7, 1996), pgs. 1489-1492. [2] Anthony W. Norman and Gerald Litwack, HORMONES (San Diego, Ca.: Academic Press, 1987). See Appendix A. [3] Theo Colborn, Frederick S. vom Saal, and Ana M. Soto, "Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans," ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES Vol. 101, No. 5 (October, 1993), pgs. 378-384. [4] Stephen H. Safe, "Environmental and Dietary Estrogens and Human Health: Is There a Problem?" ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES Vol. 103, No. 4 (April, 1995), pgs. 346-351. [5] Jocelyn Kaiser, "New Yeast Study Finds Strength in Numbers," SCIENCE Vol. 272 (June 7, 1996), pg. 1418. [6] S. Stoney Simons, Jr., "Environmental Estrogens: Can Two 'Alrights' Make a Wrong?" SCIENCE Vol. 272 (June 7, 1996), pg. 1451. [7] Anne N. Hirschfield and others, "Problems Beyond Pesticides [review of OUR STOLEN FUTURE]," SCIENCE Vol. 272 (June 7, 1996), pgs. 1444-1445. [8] Warren E. Leary, "Test Developed to Weigh Impact of Hormone-Like Pollutants," NEW YORK TIMES June 7, 1996, pg. A15. [9] "When It Comes to Chemicals, Is Only Good News Fit to Print? [advertisement]" NEW YORK TIMES May 29, 1996, pg. A19. [10] John A. McLachlan, "Functional Toxicology: A New Approach to Detect Biologically Active Xenobiotics," ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES Vol. 101, No. 5 (October, 1993), pgs. 386-387. [11] Leslie Lang, "Strange Brew: Assessing Risk of Chemical Mixtures," ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES Vol. 103, No. 2 (February, 1995), pgs. 142-145 [12] The formula for calculating how many different subcollections of size k can be formed from a collection of n different chemicals is (n!)/((k!)*((n-k)!)) where n! means n factorial and * means "multiplied by". In the case under discussion, k is 3 and n is 1000. See, for example, Michael Orkin and Richard Drogin, VITAL STATISTICS (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975), pg. 285. [13] Mohamed B. Abou-Donia and others, "Neurotoxicity Resulting >From Coexposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide, DEET and Permethrin: Implications of Gulf War Chemical Exposures," JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Vol. 48 (1996), pgs. 35-56. For popular accounts of this study, see Elizabeth Pennisi, "Chemicals Behind Gulf War Syndrome?" SCIENCE Vol. 272 (April 26, 1996), pgs. 479-480, and Philip J. Hilts, "Chemical Mix May Be Cause of Illnesses in Gulf War," NEW YORK TIMES April 17, 1996, pg. A17. [14] J.G. Sharp and D.A. Crouse, "Apparent Synergism between Radiation and the Carcinogen 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine in the Induction of Colonic Tumors in Rats," RADIATION RESEARCH Vol. 117 (1989), pgs. 304-317. And see Frank E. Lundin, Jr., and others, RADON DAUGHTER EXPOSURE AND RESPIRATORY CANCER; QUANTITATIVE AND TEMPORAL ASPECTS (Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service, 1971). [15] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR ASBESTOS (UPDATE) (Atlanta, Ga.: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services [1600 Clifton Rd. -Mail Stop E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333; phone (404) 639-0730], August, 1995), pg. 75. [16] SCIENCE AND JUDGMENT IN RISK ASSESSMENT (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994). See Chapter 11. Descriptor terms: science magazine; hormones; endocrine disrupters; hormone disrupters; pesticides; synergism; endosulfan; chlordane; wildlife; detergents; plastics; our stolen future; theo colborn; john peterson myers; new york times; gina kolata; gulf war syndrome; radiation; tobacco; cigarettes; asbestos; risk assessment; toxicity testing; ################################################################ NOTICE Environmental Research Foundation provides this electronic version of RACHEL'S ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH WEEKLY free of charge even though it costs our organization considerable time and money to produce it. We would like to continue to provide this service free. You could help by making a tax-deductible contribution (anything you can afford, whether $5.00 or $500.00). Please send your contribution to: Environmental Research Foundation, P.O. Box 5036, Annapolis, MD 21403-7036. --Peter Montague, Editor ################################################################ @START@SC Action #218 THREATS TO CA. CENTRAL VALLEY PROJECT ACT Defending the Environmental Agenda June 4, 1996 "In general, the art of government consists in taking as much money as possible from one class of the citizens to give to the other." -- Voltaire --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sierra Club Legislative Hotline - 202-675-2394 Sierra Club World Wide Web - http://www.sierraclub.org White House Comment Line - 202-456-1111 Pres. Clinton's E-mail - president@whitehouse.gov V.P. Gore's E-mail - vice.president@whitehouse.gov White House Address - 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20500 US Capitol Switchboard - 202-224-3121; 800-972-3524;800-962-3524. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS: IN THE MAIN RING: What's in the Woods - California's Central Valley IN THE REAL WORLD: Who's in the Woods - Citizens Protest Clearcut Rider INSIDE THE BELTWAY: What's in the Water - You May Never Know! --------------------------------------------------------------------------- IN THE MAIN RING - Threats to California Central Valley As reported earlier the Natural Resources Defense Council has released a new report entitled "Still in the Woods - Congress' Continuing Attack on the Environment." The NRDC report (available at www.nrdc.org) details a number of anti-environmental legislative proposals still percolating along in the dreaded 104th Congress, and in the following we highlight one of them: "The Central Valley Project Reform Act." H.R. 2738 rolls back the landmark progress made with the passage of the 1992 Central Valley Project Improvement Act. Prior to the passage of that Act, more than 85% of the CVP's water went to agriculture, devastating the environment and stifling urban water supplies. "The CVPIA introduced market- based mechanisms and environmental restoration obligations to the CVP for the first time in its fifty-plus years of existence," according to NRDC. But H.R. 2738 would abandon this progress by eliminating key economic and environmental provisions of the CVPIA. The bill would undermine the market-based reform of the agricultural subsidies and impair the consensus-based solutions to resource disputes established by the 1992 bill. The bill would cripple fishery restoration efforts, threatening jobs in California's recreation and fishing industries, and eliminate key protections for wetlands and wildlife. NRDC reports that the lead sponsor of this bill recently agreed to withdraw it from consideration this year, but we've got to keep an eye out...this Congress never saw an anti-environmental bill it didn't like! Citizens Demonstrate to Stop Clearcut Rider Devastation As the weather warms up, the so-called "salvage" sales approved under the lawless clearcut rider are moving forward. According to the Portland Oregonian, environmentalists are "digging in" for a "summer of resistance" to the sales. Most of the protests are aimed at protecting old-growth or stopping sales of healthy green trees that have been repackaged and are being now disguised as "salvage" under the rider. More than 100 protesters have already been arrested this year during civil disobedience, and huge rallies are being planned. On June 2, 500 people marched against the Tobe West sale in the Coast Range, and in April, 700 people rallied against the Enola Hill sale near Portland. Past protests have disrupted logging for "short" periods, according to the Oregonian. Organizers predict more disruptions and arrests unless President Clinton begins to "exercise the cancellation clause written into standard timber-sale contracts." INSIDE THE BELTWAY - What's in Your Water? Representative Jim Saxton (R-NJ) has sent a letter to House Commerce Committee Chairman Robert Bliley (R-VA) asking him to support right-to-know legislation for drinking water. Rep. Saxton wants to have the EPA set "maximum contaminant levels" for certain water pollutants and to require companies to inform consumers when drinking water contaminants exceed those levels. Saxton wants to include the language in the Safe Drinking Water Act pending before Bliley's committee. Last month, the Fredericksburg VA Free Lance-Star ran two editorials criticizing Rep. Bliley for taking campaign funds from the chlorine and pesticide industries as well as supporting weakening changes to the Safe Drinking Water Act. "[Bliley's] constituents will have cause to wonder who he is attempting to represent when he attempts to revise the [SDWA] in ways that are not in the interests of people who drink water." %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% This environmental alert was produced by the Sierra Club Legislative Office, 408 C Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002, Tel: (202) 547-1141, Fax: (202) 547-6009. Sierra Club 24-Hour Legislative Hotline: (202) 675-2394. The Sierra Club electronic mailing list is for legislative alerts and other important information. If you want to join our list, send e-mail to: majordomo@igc.apc.org with the following command in the body of your e-mail message: subscribe sc-action Commands in the "Subject:" line are not processed. If you have any questions or problems regarding the mailing list, please send a message to sf.moderator@sierraclub.org. For more information on becoming a member of the Sierra Club, or for information our Books and Outings programs, contact our national headquarters. Sierra Club, 730 Polk Street, San Francisco, CA 94109. Tel: (415) 776-2211 or e-mail to information@sierraclub.org, or.... The Sierra Club also has a "home page" on the "World-Wide-Web". The web server is at the URL: http://www.sierraclub.org/ The Sierra Club Home Page gives access to much information, including: an overview of the Sierra Club and its history; a searchable collection of Sierra Club Conservation policies; descriptions of 1995 Outings; how to contact local Sierra Club Chapters throughout North America and Sierra Club membership information. @START@SC Action #219 APPROPRIATIONS BILLS MAKING THEIR WAY Defending the Environmental Agenda June 5, 1996 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sierra Club Legislative Hotline - 202-675-2394 Sierra Club World Wide Web - http://www.sierraclub.org White House Comment Line - 202-456-1111 Pres. Clinton's E-mail - president@whitehouse.gov V.P. Gore's E-mail - vice.president@whitehouse.gov White House Address - 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20500 US Capitol Switchboard - 202-224-3121; 800-972-3524;800-962-3524. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS: IN THE MAIN RING: Appropriations Bills Make Their Way Through Congress IN THE FIELD: Subsidies for Corporate Grazing Too Many Cattle UNDER FIRE: Role of Fire in Forest Ecology --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appropriations Bills Make Their Way Through the House Its high season for appropriations bills as some of the 13 House Appropriations subcommittees have begun to move their legislation through mark up. So far, we are feeling cautiously optimistic as some of these bills have emerged relatively clean (sans riders) from the various committees. EPA - In a remarkable departure from last year's budget battles, the EPA spending bill passed out of committee last week by voice vote and with little debate. Unlike last year's markup, which was dominated by partisan sniping over attempts to cut EPA's budget by one-third while restricting agency authority through policy riders, last week's markup was without fireworks. Although some Democrats said they still have problems with the legislation, both sides acknowledged they should have a bi-partisan agreement by the full committee markup on June 13. The bill granted EPA $6.55 billion, a $19 million increase over FY96. Although the number is still $500 million short of the administration's request, several of EPA's high priority programs, like the clean water state revolving fund (SRF) and Superfund response cleanup actions are funded at the President's level. Interior - Despite the heavy pressure to avoid last year's budget battles over riders to the appropriations bill, rumors are still circulating about possible attempts to add anti-environment riders to the Interior Appropriations bill during June 5 markup in the subcommittee. Some of the riders rumored to be offered include: - A "forest health" amendment by Rep. George Nethercutt (R-WA) that would renew the Timber Clearcut Rider that is currently devastating our Ancient Forests; - A possible amendment by Rep. Charles Taylor (R-NC) which would reverse a recent court case in Georgia which protects migratory birds in certain areas within the Chattahoochee National Forest from timber operations during the nesting season; - A possible rider that would prevent the USFWS from implementing pesticide policies on wildlife refuges to address the use of toxic pesticides in the Klamath Basin of CA and OR that has been linked to the death of waterfowl; - An amendment offered by Rep. Livingston to cut Secretary of Interior Bruce Babbitt's travel budget; - A possible amendment concerning the reintroduction of the mexican wolf. Going into the markup on June 5, the Appropriations Committee had cut the Interior Department budget authority by $722 million. However, because of the additional $5 billion added in the Senate budget resolution, it is possible that the Interior Appropriations Subcommittee could receive as much as $700 million more in its "602(b)" allocation. Funding level rumors: Endangered species funding: Candidate Conservation acct - $4.8 million; listing - $5 million; consultation - $18 million; recovery - $38.5 million. Total: $66.3 million, $6 million over FY96. LWCF: $100 million, no earmarks ($30 million for each agency except BLM gets $10). This is $38 million less than FY96. NBS - no new bill language, $137 million - same as FY96 (President had asked for $7 million more, but Young had asked for $20 million less.) OCS and mining patent moratoria are rumored to have been retained in the bill STILL IN THE WOODS: Subsidies for Corporate Grazers As reported June 3, the Natural Resources Defense Council has released a new report entitled "Still in the Woods - Congress' Continuing Attack on the Environment." The NRDC report (available on the Web at http://www.nrdc.org/publ/thewoods.html) details a number of anti-environmental legislative proposals still making their way through the dreaded 104th Congress. The following, from the report, handles the "Public Rangelands Management Act." The Public Rangelands Management Act narrowly approved by the Senate in march continues the fiscally irresponsible and environmentally damaging grazing policies that plague our public lands. The bill would perpetuate a federal program that costs US taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars every year for federal lands. The House is expected to vote on the Senate-passed version within the next few weeks. Among other things, S.1459 would: - Lead to widespread environmental and ecological damage to public lands; - Lock the public out of land management decisions; - Make grazing a "right," rather than a privilege; and - Continue to make taxpayers subsidize federal grazing programs. Representatives Peter DeFazio (D-OR) and Richard Zimmer (R-NJ) are circulating a Dear Colleague Letter to other member of the House urging Members to oppose the bill. *****Take Action*****: Call, write or e-mail your Representative and ask them to oppose the grazing bill, known officially as S. 1459, the "Public Rangeland Management Act." Also ask your Representative to sign on to the DeFazio (D- OR) / Zimmer (R-NJ) Dear Colleague letter urging other Congressmen to oppose the bill. The US Capitol Switchboard number is 202-224-3121 or 1-800-962- 3524. Too Many Cattle A news release from Susan Schock, Director of New Mexico based Gila Watch, highlights that over 200 cattle in the Gila National Forest have died from starvation this spring. Susan Schock: "Cattle carcasses litter stream bottoms throughout the Gila.We face a real threat in terms of both water quality and quantity.[The drought] is hitting hard because the forest is overstocked and severely degraded from more than a century of overgrazing." Gila Watch charges that Senator Domenici (R-NM) "used political muscle" to increase cattle numbers on the Diamond Bar wilderness grazing allotment after the Forest Service ordered a reduction in cattle numbers. Riparian expert Dr. Bob Ohmart has predicted that the area will suffer irreparable harm if cattle are not remove immediately. Rancher Kit Laney has refused to remove the cattle and threatened to meet federal employees with "one hundred people with guns" if the Forest Service attempts to remove the cattle. BORN IN FIRE: The Native Forest Council and Cascadia Fire Ecology Education Project have recently completed an all new version of "Born in Fire - Warner Creek and the Politics of Salvage Logging" The video is used as a case study to address issues relevant to public forests on a national level: the natural role of fire in the forest ecosystem; the problems with fire suppression; the problems of subsequent management activities; and arson for profit. The video is available for a small fee to groups who wish to organize a community showing. For a copy of the video contact: The Native Forest Council (541-688-2600) Cascadia Fire Ecology Education Project (541-726-4738). e-mail: zerocut2@aol.com %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% This environmental alert was produced by the Sierra Club Legislative Office, 408 C Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002, Tel: (202) 547-1141, Fax: (202) 547-6009. Sierra Club 24-Hour Legislative Hotline: (202) 675-2394. The Sierra Club electronic mailing list is for legislative alerts and other important information. If you want to join our list, send e-mail to: majordomo@igc.apc.org with the following command in the body of your e-mail message: subscribe sc-action Commands in the "Subject:" line are not processed. If you have any questions or problems regarding the mailing list, please send a message to sf.moderator@sierraclub.org. For more information on becoming a member of the Sierra Club, or for information our Books and Outings programs, contact our national headquarters. Sierra Club, 730 Polk Street, San Francisco, CA 94109. Tel: (415) 776-2211 or e-mail to information@sierraclub.org, or.... The Sierra Club also has a "home page" on the "World-Wide-Web". The web server is at the URL: http://www.sierraclub.org/ The Sierra Club Home Page gives access to much information, including: an overview of the Sierra Club and its history; a searchable collection of Sierra Club Conservation policies; descriptions of 1995 Outings; how to contact local Sierra Club Chapters throughout North America and Sierra Club membership information. @START@SC Action #222 NEWS FROM THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL Defending the Environmental Agenda June 10, 1996 "In every place on which the sun sees the water, the water also sees the sun and in each of these places it can present the sun's image to the eye." -- Leonardo Da Vinci --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sierra Club Legislative Hotline - 202-675-2394 Sierra Club World Wide Web - http://www.sierraclub.org White House Comment Line - 202-456-1111 Pres. Clinton's E-mail - president@whitehouse.gov V.P. Gore's E-mail - vice.president@whitehouse.gov White House Address - 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20500 US Capitol Switchboard - 202-224-3121; 800-972-3524;800-962-3524. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS: IN THE MAIN RING: Spending Bill Nearing Full Committee Action ON THE HILL: Takings Bill Gets Window-Dressing IN THE FIELD: Sierrans Shine Spotlight on Seastrand Greenwash Sen. Warner on Primary Election Eve --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SPENDING BILLS NEARING COMMITTEE ACTION This Thursday, June 13, the House Appropriations Committee is scheduled to markup the FY 1997 VA, HUD and Independent Agencies bill. Funding for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which is included in this bill would give EPA $6.55 billion, but still $500 million short of the Administration's request. Wednesday, the Interior Department funding bill will go before the House Appropriations Committee. It contains $500 million less in budget authority from last year. Please watch this space for further details and urge your Representative to oppose funding cuts and anti-environmental riders to these bills. Also this week, both the full House and Senate will vote on the 1997 budget resolution which is the blueprint for overall spending levels. Both House and Senate resolutions call for major cuts in environmental programs and assume revenues from drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. TAKINGS BILL GETS WINDOW-DRESSING We are hearing that some Republicans on the Senate Judiciary Committee are working on an alternative takings bill. The Republican alternative may include some of the following changes to Sen. Dole's bill, S. 605: move the compensation threshold to 50%; define property as real property and water rights; and exempt civil rights and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The exemption for civil rights and ADA is a positive step but the other changes are cosmetic. Taxpayers would still be forced to pay for smaller "so-called" losses in property value because the bill still applies to a portion of property and many reasonable environmental, health and safety programs would be undermined. The alternative, like the Dole bill, would force taxpayers to pay polluters not to pollute. The timing for full Senate consideration of this bill may be after the Senate chooses a new majority leader, which is expected to be June 12. On a brighter note, the Wisconsin State Supreme Court on 6/3 ruled that Waukesha, WI has the right to rezone land for conservation purposes without compensating the landowner. The Wisconsin State Supreme Court upheld the principle that the entire property must be considered in a takings claim. The court ruled the rezoning didn't deprive the owner of all or substantially all of the use of his land, so he wasn't entitled to payment. The Dole bill, which specifically applies to a portion of property, would be a radical departure from settled constitutional law. ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL I: Sierrans Shine Spotlight on Seastrand Greenwash You can run for office but you cannot hid from your record. This is a lesson that Rep. Andrea Seastrand (R-CA) got when she came home to convene her Environmental Task Force. Sierra Club's Santa Lucia Chapter held a press conference and asked the public to judge for itself who the real Andrea Seastrand was. The real Seastrand's voting record shows that she belongs to the hardest core of the most anti-environmental clique in the most anti-environmental Congress. Seastrand voted to stifle the EPA's ability to implement or enforce environmental laws, including the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act. Local Sierrans report that the press conference went well and was well attended by the media with TV and print media attending. The press was eager for facts about her record. At the task force meeting, Seastrand had with her Rep. Wayne Gilchrest (R-MD). But Gilchrest's shining environmental record didn't help Seastrand very much as she was questioned hard about her voting record. It didn't take long for voters to see through this greenwash. ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL II: Sen. Warner on Primary Election Eve Today's Washington Post quotes Sen. John Warner (R-VA) defining what it means to be a "real Republican." His definition included someone who protects the environment. Good answer but who was he talking about? Warner's League of Conservation Voters score was all of 7% last year. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% This environmental alert was produced by the Sierra Club Legislative Office, 408 C Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002, Tel: (202) 547-1141, Fax: (202) 547-6009. Sierra Club 24-Hour Legislative Hotline: (202) 675-2394. The Sierra Club electronic mailing list is for legislative alerts and other important information. If you want to join our list, send e-mail to: majordomo@igc.apc.org with the following command in the body of your e-mail message: subscribe sc-action Commands in the "Subject:" line are not processed. If you have any questions or problems regarding the mailing list, please send a message to sf.moderator@sierraclub.org. For more information on becoming a member of the Sierra Club, or for information our Books and Outings programs, contact our national headquarters. Sierra Club, 730 Polk Street, San Francisco, CA 94109. Tel: (415) 776-2211 or e-mail to information@sierraclub.org, or.... The Sierra Club also has a "home page" on the "World-Wide-Web". The web server is at the URL: http://www.sierraclub.org/ The Sierra Club Home Page gives access to much information, including: an overview of the Sierra Club and its history; a searchable collection of Sierra Club Conservation policies; descriptions of 1995 Outings; how to contact local Sierra Club Chapters throughout North America and Sierra Club membership information. @START@SC Action #223 Craig Forest Health Bill - BAD NEWS Defending the Environmental Agenda June 12, 1996 "Thank God, they cannot cut down the clouds!" -- Henry David Thoreau --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sierra Club Legislative Hotline - 202-675-2394 Sierra Club World Wide Web - http://www.sierraclub.org White House Comment Line - 202-456-1111 Pres. Clinton's E-mail - president@whitehouse.gov V.P. Gore's E-mail - vice.president@whitehouse.gov White House Address - 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20500 US Capitol Switchboard - 202-224-3121; 800-972-3524;800-962-3524. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS: IN THE MAIN RING: Budget Bills Craig Forest "Health" Bill, S. 391 Lott Is New Republican Leader ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL: Arkansas Primary Success IN THE FIELD: Dole's Campaign Schedule EPA Report Finds Fish Consumption Advisories Up 14% Three Editorials on Craig's Forest "Health" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- BUDGET BILLS - ACTION NEEDED Contact your Representative and Senators and urge them to oppose funding cuts and riders to budget bills that would reduce our environmental safeguards. Also ask them to work to remove the provision that would open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling and development. CRAIG FOREST "HEALTH" BILL, S. 391 Contact your Senators and urge them to oppose any forest legislation that is based on a sham "forest health crisis" and tell them that a full repeal of the clearcut Rider is needed. LOTT IS NEW REPUBLICAN LEADER On June 12, Senate Republicans elected Mississippi Senator and current Majority Whip Trent Lott as the next Majority Leader. Lott said at a news conference, "Our agenda will be the same as Bob Dole laid out for us. We do want to control the size and scope of government... We do want to control the rate of growth of government...reaching a balanced budget by the year 2002. And we do want to provide tax relief for families with children." Lott must have forgotten to mention that he and Dole share another key goal, reduction of our environmental protections. Lott and Dole both received a 0% score on the 1995 League of Conservation Voters scorecard. Sen. Don Nickles (R-OK) was named Majority Whip (1995 LCV 7%), Sen. Thad Cochran (R-MS) was re-elected Conference Chairman (1995 LCV 0%), Sen. Connie Mack (R-FL) was re-elected Conference Secretary (1995 LCV 7%), and Sen. Larry Craig (R-ID) was elected Policy Chairman (1995 LCV 0%). With these gentlemen taking over and retaining key leadership positions in the Senate, this gives us a great opportunity to write letters to the editors of our local newspapers to spread the word about their anti-environmental voting records. DOLE'S CAMPAIGN SCHEDULE Wasting no time after officially stepping down from the U.S. Senate, Bob Dole has embarked on a three day "Heartland Tour" of seven states. June 12 he spoke at the Toledo Chamber of Commerce before heading to New Century, Kansas and Branson, Missouri. Tomorrow Dole will be in Kentucky and Alabama and has plans to hit Louisiana and Georgia on Friday. ARKANSAS PRIMARY SUCCESS The June 11 primary runoff races in Arkansas yielded two great victories for Sierra Club-endorsed candidates. In the race to succeed retiring U.S. Senator David Pryor (D), Attorney General Winston Bryant solidly defeated state Senator Lu Hardin 54% - 46%. Bryant led Hardin in the May 21 primary 40% - 22%, in a field of six candidates. Bryant is popular among environmentalists, having sued the Forest Service over clearcutting and the State Pollution Agency for not enforcing its own regulations, among many other actions. Republicans do not yet have a candidate in this race; previous nominee Lt. Gov. Mike Huckabee dropped out after Gov. Jim Guy Tucker announced his resignation, to assume the governor's office until at least the 1998 election. The Arkansas Republican party will pick a replacement candidate shortly. In the 2nd congressional district, Club-endorsed state Sen. Vic Snyder narrowly defeated Pulaski County Prosecutor Mark Stodola 51%-49% in what was widely seen as a stunning upset. Stodola emerged from the May primary with 48% to Snyder's 32%. Stodola had been campaigning for the seat since last year, while Snyder only announced his intentions 90 days before the primary. The Sierra Club Arkansas Chapter has given two awards to Snyder as a state senator, and he has also received an award from the Arkansas branch of the Wildlife Federation. Snyder has been an environmental leader in the state senate, managing to pass difficult environmental legislation against long odds. Snyder will face the winner of the Republican runoff, conservative Little Rock attorney Bud Cummins. EPA Report Finds Fish Consumption Advisories Up 14% Yesterday, the Environmental Protection Agency released a report that showed that the number of fish consumption advisories, which warn consumers to avoid or limit their intake of fish from certain bodies of water, has risen 14% over the 1994 level. The report revealed that 1,740 water bodies in 47 states received advisories in 1995. The report also listed 46 contaminants found in fish last year including mercury, dioxin, polychlorinated byphenyls (PCB's), chlordane, and DDT. Mercury, a toxic metal discharged by industry which can work its way up the food chain, was by far the most pervasive contaminant responsible for 1,308 of the 1995 advisories with 90% of those advisories posted in Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Florida, North Dakota, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Mexico, South Carolina and Georgia. Advisories for PCBs are up 37% despite a ban on the sale of products containing PCBs. Advisories are up 16% for chlordane and other assorted chemical compounds and the warnings for DDT increased 3% even though the insecticide was banned in 1972. (Gary Lee, Washington Post 6/12) Three Editorials on Craig's Forest "Health" Bill The following are excerpts from three editorials on the Craig "Forest Health" bill. As you can see, our side of the story is getting out but so is our opponent's. Write a letter to the editor or make an appointment to talk with your paper's editorial board to discuss the sham "Forest Health" bill and pressure your Senators to oppose this legislation. Baltimore Sun, May 27: "The Craig bill makes no ecological or economic sense. Concocting a phony forest health emergency, these measures exempt timber sales from environmental laws (including the Endangered Species Act) and limit public challenges to irresponsible logging." Portland Oregonian, June 7: "Obviously, the merit or demerit of any compromise won't be evident until one is produced. ... [But] there's no question here that [many federal forests] face severe threats to their health that warrant far more attention than they have received from federal agencies. Many environmentalists seem totally dismissive of those threats, seeing any forest health strategy as a timber-industry subterfuge to gain access to high-value timber." Spokane Spokesman-Review, May 22: Craig's forest-health bill "would address the crisis in dry inland forests. It would allow foresters to identify dying stands. Without waiving environmental requirements, it merely would expedite appeal processes so salvage logging could proceed before trees rot. ... Inland forests need to be restored, and Craig's bill would be a good way to get the job done." LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Senator Larry Craig's (R-ID) "Forest Health" bill (S.391) is scheduled for a vote in the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee June 19th but Senator _________ should not fall for the misleading nametag and hollow promise that the bill will "fix" the clearcut rider. Senator Craig's true motivation for the bill is clearly to create permanent new loopholes for the logging industry to destroy our National Forests at the taxpayer's expense. S.391 attempt to legitimize a phony "forest health crisis" and permanently install the fundamental problems of the "clearcut rider" in place through 1996. This bill was written by a Senator with a League of Conservation Voters rating of 0% and democrats currently trying to negotiate on the specifics of this bill must realize that the bill is fundamentally flawed and cannot be fixed. The backhanded language of S.391 allows destructive logging in designated "health areas" which are determined by agency decisions which cannot be challenged in court. The bill would also waive compliance of environmental protections within these areas. Craig's devious "health" bill must be stopped in any form. The only "forest health crisis" I see is the one created by Larry Craig and bad legislation like S.391. Sincerely, %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% This environmental alert was produced by the Sierra Club Legislative Office, 408 C Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002, Tel: (202) 547-1141, Fax: (202) 547-6009. Sierra Club 24-Hour Legislative Hotline: (202) 675-2394. The Sierra Club electronic mailing list is for legislative alerts and other important information. If you want to join our list, send e-mail to: majordomo@igc.apc.org with the following command in the body of your e-mail message: subscribe sc-action Commands in the "Subject:" line are not processed. If you have any questions or problems regarding the mailing list, please send a message to sf.moderator@sierraclub.org. For more information on becoming a member of the Sierra Club, or for information our Books and Outings programs, contact our national headquarters. Sierra Club, 730 Polk Street, San Francisco, CA 94109. Tel: (415) 776-2211 or e-mail to information@sierraclub.org, or.... The Sierra Club also has a "home page" on the "World-Wide-Web". The web server is at the URL: http://www.sierraclub.org/ The Sierra Club Home Page gives access to much information, including: an overview of the Sierra Club and its history; a searchable collection of Sierra Club Conservation policies; descriptions of 1995 Outings; how to contact local Sierra Club Chapters throughout North America and Sierra Club membership information. @START@SC Action #224 YOUR GUIDE TO THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT Defending the Environmental Agenda June 13, 1996 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sierra Club Legislative Hotline - 202-675-2394 Sierra Club World Wide Web - http://www.sierraclub.org White House Comment Line - 202-456-1111 Pres. Clinton's E-mail - president@whitehouse.gov V.P. Gore's E-mail - vice.president@whitehouse.gov White House Address - 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20500 US Capitol Switchboard - 202-224-3121; 800-972-3524;800-962-3524. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS: IN THE MAIN RING: House Action Looming on Drinking Water Bill Interior Appropriations News YOUR GUIDE TO THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT ----------------------------------------------------------------- GOOD BILL OR WORLD'S SMALLEST FIGLEAF? As you know by now, it's working. Our messages of outrage, our calls, rallies and letters are being noticed and not just by our friends. We've known for a while that the 104th Congress would eventually run afoul of strong activist presence and overwhelming support. It's happening. The House of Representatives is poised to pass a Safe Drinking Water Act, H.R. 3604, one that the environmental community views as a good step in our quest to guarantee Americans safe, clean water from our taps. Seems like a long time since just last May, when the same House of Representatives pushed through H.R. 961, the Dirty Water bill, which would have weakened another landmark law, our Clean Water Act. For details on the bill H.R. 3604, see today's special section, Your Guide to the Drinking Water Act. You may need this information soon, because the full House could approve this bill quickly, perhaps next week and possibly under the so-called "suspension of the rules" in which debate is limited and individual members' actions are difficult to track. It's obvious members of the House have gotten the message, and know how deeply Americans care about safe, clean water. It's also obvious that there are others who are merely having election year conversions. How can you tell if your public servant is a tried and true environmentalist or whether he or she is a Johnny- come-lately? Look for a chart in the June 14 update that shows the results of our analysis of nine different votes on water-related matters during the 104th Congress. Not only did the House Leadership's agenda usually prevail (it was stopped in the Senate or at the White House) but our analysis shows that 148 members of the House failed to vote for water protection even once. Those are the members of Congress we need to hold accountable. INTERIOR APPROPRIATIONS NEWS Just when we thought the "no riders" message had penetrated, Rep. Frank Riggs (R-CA), acting on an Interior Appropriations measure now moving in the House offered an amendment barring the government from designating about 4,000 acres of private land in California as critical habitat to protect the endangered marbled murrelet. The amendment would specifically prohibit the US Fish and Wildlife Service from using funds to designate critical habitat for the murrelet on private lands. Colleague Ralph Regula (R-OH) offered a second degree amendment dealing with exempting old growth forests. The Regula amendment passed by voice vote and Riggs amendment passed 22-18. There were bright spots, however, by some of our most learned statesmen. During consideration of the bill, Congressman Sid Yates (D-IL) proposed a repeal of the timber salvage rider. Regula opposed the amendment, citing the same old concerns for forest health. Yates' amendment failed 14-28. The highlight, however, was a statement from Congressman Walsh who voted for the rider last year, yet changed his position. ********YOUR GUIDE TO THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT******** KEY IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HOUSE DRINKING WATER BILL OVER THE SENATE BILL "BRIGHT LINE" PROVISIONS THAT, IF STRUCK, WILL CAUSE OUR OPPOSITION The public health, consumer, and environmental communities support the House bill, while we opposed the Senate legislation, primarily because the House made four key improvements to the Senate bill. If these House improvements are stripped (or other central provisions of the House or Senate bills are weakened), we will vigorously oppose the final legislation and urge a veto. 1. Right to Know. A right to know provision in the House bill requires consumers to be told at least annually: (1) the levels of regulated contaminants detected in tap water; (2) what the enforceable maximum contaminant levels and the health goals are for the contaminants (and what those levels mean); (3) the levels found of unregulated contaminants required to be monitored; (4) information on the system's compliance with health standards and other requirements; and, (5) information on the health effects of regulated contaminants found at levels above enforceable standards, and on the health effects of up to 3 regulated contaminants found at levels below EPA enforceable health standards where there still may be health concern. The Senate has no comparable provision, because it rejected the Boxer-Daschle right to know amendment. 2. Radon. The House adopted a provision requiring EPA to set a health standard for cancer-causing radioactive radon within 3 years, to be based on sound, peer-reviewed science, and after a cost-benefit analysis that takes into account the costs and benefits of control programs for radon from sources other than tap water. The Senate sets a radon standard of 3,000 picocuries radon per liter by fiat--allowing 10 times more radioactive water than the Bush Administration EPA proposed, presenting a cancer risk EPA says is about 1 in 500, or 2,000 times higher than EPA's target from fresh food. 3. Water System Operator Competency. The House bill requires all states receiving federal State Revolving Fund assistance to establish an operator certification and training program to assure that all community and non-transient noncommunity water system operators are competent. The Senate bill requires only that water systems receiving federal assistance be run by certified competent operators. 4. Small System Variances for Systems Serving Under 3,000 People. The House bill limits the special breaks for small systems through variances to systems serving under 3,300 people-- the size at which special consideration may be justified due to lack of economies of scale. About 25 million people use systems serving under 3,300 people. The Senate bill unjustifiable allows larger systems--those serving up to 10,000 people-- to get health standard waivers through the variance provision, potentially affecting 50 million people using these systems. Many other important improvements made in the House legislation that should be retained, as discussed in the attached section by section summary of the bill. In addition, a few weakening changes adopted by the House should be reexamined if the House bill is reopened. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% This environmental alert was produced by the Sierra Club Legislative Office, 408 C Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002, Tel: (202) 547-1141, Fax: (202) 547-6009. Sierra Club 24-Hour Legislative Hotline: (202) 675-2394. The Sierra Club electronic mailing list is for legislative alerts and other important information. If you want to join our list, send e-mail to: majordomo@igc.apc.org with the following command in the body of your e-mail message: subscribe sc-action Commands in the "Subject:" line are not processed. If you have any questions or problems regarding the mailing list, please send a message to sf.moderator@sierraclub.org. For more information on becoming a member of the Sierra Club, or for information our Books and Outings programs, contact our national headquarters. Sierra Club, 730 Polk Street, San Francisco, CA 94109. Tel: (415) 776-2211 or e-mail to information@sierraclub.org, or.... The Sierra Club also has a "home page" on the "World-Wide-Web". The web server is at the URL: http://www.sierraclub.org/ The Sierra Club Home Page gives access to much information, including: an overview of the Sierra Club and its history; a searchable collection of Sierra Club Conservation policies; descriptions of 1995 Outings; how to contact local Sierra Club Chapters throughout North America and Sierra Club membership information. @START@SC Action #225 Dolphin Deadly Bill On the Move Defending the Environmental Agenda June 14, 1996 "Discovery consists of looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something different." -- Albert Szent-Goygyi --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sierra Club Legislative Hotline - 202-675-2394 Sierra Club World Wide Web - http://www.sierraclub.org White House Comment Line - 202-456-1111 Pres. Clinton's E-mail - president@whitehouse.gov V.P. Gore's E-mail - vice.president@whitehouse.gov White House Address - 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20500 US Capitol Switchboard - 202-224-3121; 800-972-3524;800-962-3524. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS: IN THE MAIN RING: Dolphin Deadly Tuna Bill Advances IN THE OTHER RING: Safe Drinking Water Act Forget Whitewater, We've Got "Yamscam" IN THE FIELD: SC'S Bettinger and Gray Media and Political Training in Utah ATTACHMENTS: Vote Chart Water Fact Sheet Radon in Drinking Water: Facts & Myths --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DEADLY TUNA BILL ADVANCES The Senate Commerce Committee gave its approval June 14, to allow the "Dolphin Safe" tuna label to be applied to tuna that has not been caught in a manner that would protect dolphins. H.R. 2823 (Gilchrest R-MD - Cunningham R- CA) in the House has been approved by the Resources Committee and has been referred to the Ways and Means committee. This bill could be ready for a House floor vote by early July. The Senate bill will wait until after the House floor vote. The Sierra Club strongly opposes legislation to undermine present U.S. policy that has reduced dolphin deaths by 95%. The Sierra Club supports the Boxer/Biden compromise bill (S.1460) in the Senate which would protect the "dolphin safe" label, require research on bycatch and on effects of encirclement on dolphin populations by tuna fishers. "Dolphin deadly" legislation (H.R. 2823 Gilchrest/Cunningham and S. 1420 Stevens/Breaux) would repeal provisions in US law that prohibit sale of "Dolphin Unsafe" tuna in the US and alter the definition of "Dolphin Safe" to permit the chase, encirclement, capture, and injury of dolphins so long as no dolphins were "observed" dead in nets (more than one mile long)! Sierra Club is determined that U.S. environmental standards must not be weakened for the sake of free trade. Clinton and Congress should fight to preserve each nation's right and duty to take appropriate unilateral measures to protect the global commons from unreasonable exploitation. How you can help save the dolphins -- Participate in the NATIONAL DOLPHIN CALL-IN WEEK, June 17-21 to lobby against Dolphin-Deadly Legislation in Congress! * Urge your Representative to oppose H.R. 2823 in the House, your Senators to sign the Boxer/Biden/Smith "Dear Colleague" letter supporting S. 1460 (Boxer/Biden) "dolphin safe" bill. * Call the White House public comment line at 202-456-1111 and express your horror that President Clinton would support Dolphin-Deadly legislation (he checks frequently on message issue totals!) * Write a letter to your newspaper alerting your community to this new threat to dolphins. (If you have access to a fax machine you can receive a two page factsheet on this legislation by calling our new "Fax-Back" service at 1-800- and the factsheet is also available on our WEB site.) SAMPLE LETTER TO THE EDITOR To the Editor: Just when we thought the dolphins were safe from the tuna fisherman the Congress is considering legislation to severely weaken our law that ensures that the tuna we eat/buy? has not been caught in ways that kill dolphins. Before the "dolphin safe" tuna law was adopted, over seven million dolphins had been drowned in tuna nets between 1960 and 1990 as a result of dolphin-unsafe fishing techniques. In response to this incredible loss, Congress banned the sale of tuna caught by methods that are known to kill dolphins. Reported dolphin mortalities have [delete since] decreased by over 90 percent since the 1990 law went into effect. Due to pressure from some Latin American countries who claim that our embargo is an unfair trade practice, the Congress is considering legislation, with the support of the Clinton administration, that would weaken the federal definition of "Dolphin Safe" tuna to allow chasing, harassing, injuring and encircling dolphins in the pursuit oftuna. The same practices that were banned in 1990 to protect the dolphins. The result would be that all tuna imported in the US could be labeled "Dolphin Safe" using these methods if no dead dolphins were observed during the catch in the mile-long purse nets. If we are to continue to protect the dolphins our Senators need to know of your opposition to Senator Steven's bill (S. 1420). Urge them to oppose changing the dolphin safe label by supporting Senator Boxer's bill (S. 1460) in the Senate. SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT Keep watching the Safe Drinking Water Act, H.R. 3604, as it shapes up pending a full floor vote in the House. So far, this is a good bill that the environmental community views as a step in the right direction for clean and safe drinking water. And many of your representatives are poised to support this bill. Unfortunately, rather than believing that this represents a dramatic eco-conversion of the House leadership, we suspect this vote may be used by our adversaries as a last ditch attempt to greenwash a bad voting record. In order to separate the heroes from the hacks, we have attached (see SC Action 225b) a chart that shows the results of our analysis of nine different votes on water- related issues during the 104th Congress. Also included in this update is a fact sheet entitled "Radon in Tap Water: Facts & Myths." IN THE WATER: Forget Whitewater, We've Got YAMSCAM The June 14 edition of the Washington Post reported "The Republicans have Whitewater to work on. Now some Democrats say they've got 'Yamscam'." "What could this be?" you ask. Read on. On Monday, the state of North Carolina traced one of their largest fish kills to a cattle farm owned by Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC). State officials estimate that roughly 250,000 gallons of partially liquefied sweet potato scraps (used for feed) spilled into over twenty miles of one of the state's most pristine waterways. As you remember, Senator Faircloth introduced S.851, the Wetlands Destruction Act, which contains a major exemption for large factory farms. (One of the many reasons your senators should oppose this terrible bill). This is just the latest of many spills that North Carolina waters have endured from big factory farms. A similar fish kill in the area last summer prompted state officials to visit Faircloth's farm as the trail of dead fish ended just down stream. However officials at the time felt they could not conclusively prove Faircloth's farm caused that spill. The state did warn Faircloth that the huge quantities of scraps stored just a few dozen feet from the creek was a potential disaster waiting to happen. Unfortunately their warning rang true when a farm hand forgot to shut a valve controlling the feed. The spill and subsequent fish kill began in the Great Coharie Creek and continued in the Black River, one of the state's most pristine water bodies. In normal times, North Carolinians would be outside canoeing, fishing and swimming- today they are watching dead fish and an orange plume spread throughout the river. Senator Faircloth could face a $10,000 fine but state officials have not decided what, if any, penalty to assess. The Raleigh News & Observer reported that Faircloth apologized "to the people who use the streams, the environmental people who protect them, and everyone else who was affected..." "Even so," wrote the Washington Post, "Senate Democrats no doubt will demand hearings into prior anti-fish statements by Faircloth, then subpoenas for farm employees, then inquiries into why a different valve maker wasn't contacted..." IN THE PRESS: SC'S Bettinger and Gray On June 14, Albany's Daily Gazette reported the Club's endorsement of Lee Wasserman in the primary race against U.S. Rep. Michael McNulty. Wasserman has agreed to take the lead on the environment and has the support of N.Y. Club leaders. Both Mark Bettinger, Northeast Regional Representative, and Robert Gray, Chair of the Hudson Mohawk group, were quoted as supporting the decision. Gray explained that McNulty has "supported us on some issues and on others he didn't." Bettinger agreed, arguing that "we can't afford to have a part-time friend in Congress, especially at this time when we face such an environmental onslaught there. We need a full-time ally." And now Wasserman seems to have a full-time ally in the Club, as Gray explains that "local Sierra Club members know firsthand what an effective leader Lee is on environmental issues." It is this leadership that places Wasserman a step ahead of Rep. McNulty in the Club's eyes, as McNulty has supported what Bettinger calls environmental "sneak attacks" like the regulatory reform bill. MEDIA AND POLITICAL TRAINING IN UTAH Sierra Club continues to go out into the field to train, activate and mobilize our grassroots. Over the June 7-8 weekend, 20-25 Sierra Club leaders and other environmentalists participated in two one-day trainings (media and political organizing) and planned for exciting summer and fall of educational and campaign activities. The participants were from a broad representation of the conservation movement including a member from the Sportsman Club, Republicans for Environmental Protection, students from the University of Utah, activists from the Utah Wilderness Coalition and numerous Sierra Club members. Coming out of the weekend the Utah chapter energized their leaders, recruited new activists and members, built and strengthened coalition relations, gained media and political organizing skills and developed a fun and impressive plan to elect a pro-environmental member to Congress. VOTE CHART WET1 1251. H.R. 1158 - Second Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act. As part of the bill to provide aid to the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing, a clause was added to the bill which rescinded $1.3 billion from the state revolving funds which provide grants to states and municipalities to build sewage treatment facilities and monitor water quality. The bill was initially vetoed by President Clinton, but was eventually signed into law with minor changes. NO 3/16/95 227-200 WET2 1319. H.R. 961 - Collins Amendment to Ensure Environmental Justice. Rep. Collins (D-MI) proposed Clean Water Act amendments that would have strengthened current water pollution laws to allow for increased protection of minority and low-income populations from water pollution. The Collins amendment was rejected. YES 5/11/95 153-271 WET3 1324. H.R. 961 - Pallone Amendment. The Pallone (D-NJ) amendment would have required a mandatory minimum penalty that all violators of the Clean Water Act must pay, regardless of the extent of the violation. It also sought to target facilities that repeatedly violate their pollution permits so that penalties and inspection requirements increase. Additionally, it would have allowed citizens to sue for violations, and courts to use penalty and settlement fees to fund projects which would help repair the damage caused by the violation. The Pallone amendment was rejected. YES 5/11/95 106-299 WET4 1329. H.R. 961 - Largent Amendment. The Largent (R-OK) amendment reduced the amount of money given to State water pollution control programs by $1 billion over the next five years. It also eliminated the revolving funds which the State uses to control runoff source water pollution (contamination which cannot be traced to a single source, such as runoff from streets and farms). Runoff pollution is the single largest polluter of American bodies of water. The Largent amendment was adopted. NO 5/12/95 209-192 WET5 1337. H.R.961 - Clean Water Act Revisions/Passage. This bill undermines over twenty years of progress our nation has made in cleaning the nations' waters by gutting the current protections of the Clean Water Act. It severely limits the EPA's ability to control dangerous toxic water pollution. It removes thousands of acres of wetlands from federal protection; it delays the implementation for control of polluted runoff unless funding is appropriated up front; and includes a controversial takings component. USA Today called this bill "the Polluters and Developers Protection Act" This measure was adopted. NO 5/16/95 240-185 WET6 1599. H.R. 2099 - Stokes Amendment to Restore Enforcement Authority to the Environmental Protection Agency. The FY96 bill to fund the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) became the legislative vehicle for 17 provisions to weaken public health and environmental protection. Such provisions are known as "riders". Among the riders were measures to: eliminate EPA's role in protecting wetlands; prohibit EPA from implementing a program to save the Great Lakes; halt programs to keep arsenic and radon out of our drinking water; and block enforcement of clean water provisions. Stokes (D-OH) and Boehlert (R-NY) offered an amendment to strike language that prohibits or limits the Environmental Protection Agency's ability to implement or enforce environmental laws, including the Clean Water Act. The Stokes-Boehlert amendment was adopted. NO 6/27/95 202-218 WET7 1602. H.R. 2099 - Durbin Amendment To Protect Humans From Toxic Exposure. Rep. Durbin (D-IL) amendment sought to remove restrictions on the Environmental Protection Agency's ability to protect humans against exposure to arsenic, benzene, dioxin, lead, or any other known carcinogen. The Durbin amendment was rejected. YES 7/31/95 188-288 WET8 1605. H.R. 2099 - Stokes Amendment to Strike EPA Riders. The House GOP leadership forced a revote on the Stokes (D-OH)-Boehlert (R-NY) amendment after it passed three days earlier (See above -- WET6). The Stokes-Boehlert amendment was rejected on a tie vote. YES 7/31/95 210-210 WET9 1762. H.R. 2099 - Stokes Motion to Strike EPA Riders. The House considered the 17 anti-environmental riders again during a vote naming conferees to the House-Senate Conference Committee on H.R. 2099. During this procedure, Rep. Stokes (D-OH) offered a motion to instruct the House conferees to drop the anti-environmental riders in the House-Senate Conference. The Stokes motion was adopted. YES 11/02/95 227-194 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% This environmental alert was produced by the Sierra Club Legislative Office, 408 C Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20002, Tel: (202) 547-1141, Fax: (202) 547-6009. Sierra Club 24-Hour Legislative Hotline: (202) 675-2394. The Sierra Club electronic mailing list is for legislative alerts and other important information. If you want to join our list, send e-mail to: majordomo@igc.apc.org with the following command in the body of your e-mail message: subscribe sc-action Commands in the "Subject:" line are not processed. If you have any questions or problems regarding the mailing list, please send a message to sf.moderator@sierraclub.org. For more information on becoming a member of the Sierra Club, or for information our Books and Outings programs, contact our national headquarters. Sierra Club, 730 Polk Street, San Francisco, CA 94109. Tel: (415) 776-2211 or e-mail to information@sierraclub.org, or.... The Sierra Club also has a "home page" on the "World-Wide-Web". The web server is at the URL: http://www.sierraclub.org/ The Sierra Club Home Page gives access to much information, including: an overview of the Sierra Club and its history; a searchable collection of Sierra Club Conservation policies; descriptions of 1995 Outings; how to contact local Sierra Club Chapters throughout North America and Sierra Club membership information. @START@THE MODEMWARRIOR'S DIRECTORY V 1.3 JUNE 1996 THE MODEMWARRIOR'S DIRECTORY For all modem-to-modem games Update and release 1.3, June 1996 By: Jack Davis Dead_Clown@msn.com Visit this directory on the web! http://www.probe.net/~lokety/tmd.html *READ FAQ AT END OF DIRECTORY* ------------------------------------------------ ENTRY COUNT: 194 23 new entries since May! ------------------------------------------------ UNITED STATES --201-- * Morris Plains, NJ Eric Souza MW2 kaching@bc.cybernex.net --203-- * New Hartford, CT FIFA96,NHL96,DOOM1 Tf12@aol.com * Stamford, CT Nigel Vass MW2 nigelct@aol.com * Wallingford, CT Kevin McKiernan WARCRAFT2 MAGIC101@msn.com --205-- * Huntsville, AL Neel Lakhani DOOM2,DN3D,JANES LONG-BOW Me31@msn.com --206-- * Kirkland, WA Berg Oswell DOOM2 berg@eskimo.com * Seattle, WA Peter Davis MW2,DESCENT,DOOM2 (SW1.9) Davis123@msn.com * Seattle, WA Peter Neal MW2 wolfyx2@aol.com --207-- * Bangor, ME Shawn Box agenth51@maine.maine.edu maine.maine.edu/~agenth51 * Orono, Maine Todd Morse MW2,DOOM1/2,HEXEN, HERETIC,ND3D,DESCENT1/2 Gmorse@maine.maine.edu --208-- * Boise, ID Ron D. Andrew DESCENT,MW2 GeoRockDr@aol.com * Coeurd'Alene, ID Scott MW2 Paragone@dmi.net --210-- * Edinburg, TX Eddie Palacios (Cow Dog) MW2 jep938dc@panam1.panam.edu * San Antonio, TX Iggy DN3D,APACHE Igy3@aol.com * San Antonio, TX Ricardo E. Castillo DESCENT1/2,C&C,MW2 RECastillo@msn.com --212-- * New York, NY Barry Petchesky MW2,DOOM1/2 brucepet@pipeline.com --214-- * Dallas, TX David Riewe DOOM2,HERETIC,HEXEN,C&C DESCENT,MW2,DN3D, driewe@onramp.net * Plano, TX Bill McLain COMMANDHQ,MW2,DOOM1/2 688 ATTACK SUB mclain@globallink.net * Plano, TX Allan Harkness MW2,DN3D,HERETIC ahark@ix.netcom.com --216-- * Cleveland, OH Bob Rayl MW2 Bungle1@en.com * Green, OH Mike Bender DOOM2,NHL96,APACHE, MW2,C&C sirvesper@imperium.net * Uniontown, OH Ryan Crum DOOM2,WARCRAFT1/2,NHL96, FIFA SOCCER96, GCrum@msn.com * Ohio Keith Lazuka ATF,DESCENT2,C&C, COVERT OPS demoman@ncweb.com --217-- * Champaign, IL Dominique MW2,DOOM2,MK3, FIFA SOCCER96 dvituall@prairienet.org * Urbana Scott V. MW2 svahldic@ux4.cso.uiuc.edu --218-- * Duluth, MN Jason James WARCRAFT2,MW2 jjames1@d.umn.edu --301-- * Gaithersburg, MD Stephen Hanna MW2 Steph1701@aol.com * Silver Spring, MD Joshua Peters MW2, ATF peters@erols.com 301-384-4410 --303-- * Denver, CO Robert Holder DESCENT2,DOOM2,C&C acme@dimensional.com * Northglenn Lee Schafer MW295 scott89@ix.netcom.com --310-- * Cerritos, CA Benell Amoranto MW2,DOOM1/2,DESCENT Benella@aol.com * Torrance, CA Cloaker DESCENT,MW2 cloaker@interserv.com --312-- * Chicago, IL Rob K. MW2,DESCENT,DOOM2,APACHE robk@starnetinc.com * Chicago, IL Shadow Lurker MW2 gram@suba.com --313-- * Dearborn, MI Dave Falgout DOOM2,MW2,NHL96, EF2000,FALCON 3.0 Dave_Falgout@msn.com * Melvindale, MI Roger Lee (aka Khan Rogue) MW2 Rogue006@AOL.COM --315-- * Gouvernuer, NY Carlton Forsythe III MW2,DESCENT,WARCRAFT2 C&C carlton3@northnet.org --317-- * Coatesville, IN Jim Bumgardner FIGHTER DUEL,1942PAW,FALCON MIG29,REDBARON,F14 jimb@link2000.net * Indianapolis, IN Mark Kelly DOOM2,MW2,HERETIC ROTT(SW),DN3D(SW) MKelly1012@aol.com * Noblesville, IN Craig MW2,WARCRAFT2,DIABLO billdick@earthlink.com --319-- * Cedar Rapids, Iowa Troy Mussman MW2 CRYSMUSS@aol.com --330-- * Warren, OH Scott Mick MW2,DOOM2 Pressman9210@prodigy.com --334-- * Mobile, AL Randy DOOM1/2,MW2 maf01617@ns1.maf.mobile.al.us --360-- * Prush Prairie, WA Bob Garman GRANDED FLEET, PERFECT GENERAL II bgarman@pacifier.com --401-- * Charlestown, RI David Christiansen Jr. MW2,DOOM1/2,HERETIC, HEXEN Dchr0554@uriacc.uri.edu * Providence, RI Lord Fin MW2 Lord_Fin@ix.netcom.com --402-- * Council Bluffs/Omaha, NE Jeff DOOM1/2,MW2,METALMARRINES FULLSP589@aol.com * Omaha, NE Darrin Nepinsky MW2 djnep@ix.netcom.com * Omaha, NE Rob Toyias MW2,WARCRAFT2 rtoyias@s-cwis.unomaha.edu --404-- * Atlanta, GA Daniel Orr MW2,DESCENT,DOOM1/2 WARCRAFT2,C&C jorr@emory.edu --405-- * Lawton, OK Sean Coate MW2,F15SE3 scoate@sirinet.net * Oklahoma Dean St. Onge DOOM1/2,HEXEN,HERETIC, DN3D,QUAKE stonge@qns.com --407-- * Jupiter, FL Taylor Blake DESCENT p018753b@pbfreenet.seflin.lib.fl.us * Orlando, FL Phil Woodard MW2,DESCENT Garak@mail.accessorl.net * West Palm Beach, FL Tom Howard MW2 lthoward@emi.net * Titusville, FL Bob Pennone MW2 rpennone@nexusprime.org --409-- * The Woodlands, TX Patrick J. McGarvey MW2,EF2000 mcgarvey@sam.neosoft.com --412-- * Pittsburgh, PA Jason Bunch MW2 jmbst76@vms.cis.pitt.edu * Zelienople, PA Mike Smith MW2 msmith@fyi.net --413-- * Easthampton, MA Tim Hogan MW2,DOOM2,WARCRAFT jhogan@k12.oit.umass.edu --414-- * Grafton, WI Jason Mammen DOOM,DESCENT,MW2 JasonMmmn@aol.com --415-- * Palo Alto, CA Pat Callahan (Rapier) MW2,DESCENT jpc@netscape.com * San Francisco, CA Dan Tran MW2 dtran35963@aol.com * San Mateo, CA Swift MW2,ICR,DOOM,DESCENT Swift@netwizards.net --419-- * Bowling Green, OH Ed Wist MW295 ewist@bgnet.bgsu.edu * Wausseon, OH Nathan Waidelich MW2,DOOM2 Natedog@bright.net --501-- * Jacksonville, AR David Chrismer WCARMADA,MW295,DOOM2,HERETIC HEXEN,DESCENT docc@cei.net --503-- * Portland, OR Jim "Hawkeye" Rathgeber FIGHTER DUEL jrathgeb@cris.com --504-- * Baton Rouge, LA Pierre Legrand "PAPA DOC" FALCON, EF2000 papadoc@ix.netcom.com * Danvers, MA Jason MW2 9542@msn.com * New Orleans, LA Kelly Scioneaux MW2,EF2000,DOOM2 cynide4@aol.com --508-- * Oliver Chong MW2,TRANSPORT TYCOON, DOOM2 71201.1262@compuserve.com --509-- * Spokane, WA Nou Nou Sipraseuth MW2 Calvinhob7@aol.com --510-- * Oakland, CA Jon Wondrack MW2,DESCENT(SW) jonw@uclink4.berkeley.ed --512-- * Austin, TX Mike Han MW2 m.han@mail.utexas.edu --515-- * Grinell, IA Graham Gelling MW2,HEXEN gelling@math.grin.edu http://math.grin.edu/~gelling --518-- * Schenectady Michael Baccari DESCENT,DN3D,MW2 TERMINAL VELOCITY Magicspy1@aol.com (518)355-1893 --520-- * Sedona, AZ S.N. Cameron MW2,TERMINAL VELOCITY, DOOM cameron@sedona.net * Tucson, AZ Duster MW2,FALCON3.0,1942PAW Duster@ix.netcom.com --601-- * Clinton, MS Derek MW2,DESCENT,DOOM,HEXEN dmel@mtel.com --602-- * Phoenix, AZ Alex Ho MW2 SupoxRoot@aol.com --603-- * Rindge, NH Adam Lister MW2 Adaml@haida.mv.com * FGH MW2 harry@bill.com --606-- * Richmond, KY Ed Stanley MW2 estanley@iclub.org --608-- * Janesville, WI Mike Waldhier MW2,WARCRAFT1/2 maelwys@inwave.com * Platteville, WI Wade Myers FALCON30,ATF,MW2 wade@pcii.net http://users.mwci.net/~wade --610-- * Morgantown, PA David C. Naples DOOM2,MW2 davidn@enter.net * Pottstown, PA Robert E. Mace, JR MW2,DOOM2,HERETIC,HEXEN SnuggleDog@gnn.com --614-- * Columbus, OH Ed Wahl wahl@baseworx.cb.att.com * Dublin, OH Daniel R. Williamson MW2,NFS dxw26@cas.org --616-- * Michigan Jeff WRbelis MW2,LEGIONS Mechwarrior@novagate.com * Portage Jordan Van Dyke MW2, WARCRAFT2, CIVNET Rifflane@gnn.com --617-- * Boston, MA David Jones DOOM2,MW2,C&C WARCRAFT2 dcjones@acs.bu.edu * Newton, MA Ilya Neyfakh MW295,DOOM elozovsk@oeb.harvard.edu * Sharon, MA David Lariviere MW2 ndwk79d@prodigy.com --618-- * Alton, IL Calvin MW2,WARCRAFT2,SLIPSTREAM5000 NewMech@aol.com * Belleville, IL Gus Kartsonas FALCON3.0,1942PAW, WARCRAFT1/2 ckartso@siue.edu * O'Fallon, IL Edward Broohouse MW2,HERETIC,DOOM2, DESCENT,WARCRAFT1/2 ebroo@accessus.net --619-- * Hesperia, CA Jack Davis WARCRAFT2,MW2,ROTT,NFS, Dead_Clown@msn.com * Palm Springs, CA MW2,WARLORDS2,HEXEN DN3D,WARCRAFT2,C&C dukestar@cyberg8t.com * San Diego, CA David Gehlken MW295 Dgehlken@gnn.com --701-- * Grand Forks, ND J. K. Jackson MW2,APACHE,FLTSIMv5.1, AIRTRAFCONT,LODERUN, DUNGMAST2 jjackson@badlands.nodak.edu --702-- * Las Vegas, NV Gene Starr MW2,DOOM2,HEXEN,HERETIC starr@nevada.edu * Las Vegas, NV Ralph MW2,BATTLEDROME ralpht@accessnv.com * Las Vegas, NV Salvador Arango III MW2 arango@sisna.com --703-- * Dale City, VA Robert Swart MW295 rswart1525@aol.com * Woodbridge, VA Thomas Volz DOOM1/2,MW2 rtomv@erols.com * VA Steven Semrau MW2 ssemrau@rsis.com * VA Robert L. Swart MW2,DESCENT rswart1525@aol.com --707-- * Petaluma, CA Joshua Melcon MW295,WARCRAFT2,DN3D, TYRIAN bodega@ix.netcom.com --708-- * Carol Stream, IL Jeff Leazenby MONOPOLY,WARCRAFT1/2 leazenby@xnet.com * Geneva, IL Brad H. WARCRAFT2,C&C,DOOM2, METALTECH BATTLEDROME, ACES OVER EUROPE BEE4@msn.com * Naperville, IL Justin MW2,DOOM1/2,DESCENT werwolf@ix.netcom.com * Reston, VA James Lafosse WARCRAFT2,C&C J&H@msn.com --712-- * Holstein, Iowa Matt Redinius MW2,NASCAR Marbleless@aol.com --713-- * Texas Joel Eames MW2,DOOM2,HERETIC,C&C HEXEN,WARCRAFT1/2 hcc@iah.com --714-- * Brea, CA NASCAR,ICR,DOOM,HERETIC,MW2 capabel@aol.com * Costa Mesa, CA Michael Liechty MW2,NASCAR mntngoat@concentric.com * Irvine, CA Dan I. WARCRAFT2,HEXEN Diablo7@ix.netcom.com --716-- * Niagara Falls, NY Mechbeth MW2 Mechbeth@aol.com * Rochester, NY Stan Press DN3D,C&C,MW2 DESCENT1/2 nighthawk@bbs.neonexus.com --717-- * Lancaster Justin DOOM2,HEXEN,DN3D,ROTT WARCRAFT2,C&C larrabee@epix.net --718-- * Brooklyn, NY Kim Adams NETSPADES kitty@walrus.com * Flushing, NY John M. Aleksa MW2 XTreme1993@aol.com * New York Edward Wu MW2 EdwardW101@aol.com --719-- * Colorado Springs, CO Hwei Yin DESCENT,DOOM yin@ssdevo.enet.dec.com * Colorado Springs, CO Luis J. Young DOOM1/2,DESCENT1/2,HERETIC HEXEN,ROTT,MW2 ljyoung@mail.uccs.edu --770-- * Atlanta, GA Daniel Orr MW2,DESCENT,DOOM1/2 WARCRAFT2,C&C jorr@emory.edu * Lithonia David Laverdure MW2,DOOM,DESCENT dalelna@mindspring.com --801-- * Salt Lake City, UT Ed Lugo MW2,DOOM2,DESCENT,DESCENT2 E.Lugo@m.cc.utah.edu * Salt Lake City, UT Sandeep Kharkar MW2 skharkar@vzcorp.com http://www.cs.usu.edu/students/SandeepKharkar/index.html --805-- * Bakersfield, CA Ray Grant MW2 rjgrant@kern.com * Littlerock, CA Ked WARCRAFT2,ONEMUSTFALL,MW2, DARKLEGIONS,DOOM2 coe@qnet.com * Santa Barbara, CA Frank O'Dell MW2,DOOM1/2 ulepetit@mcl.ucsb.edu --812-- * Evansville, IN Michael DOOM,NFS,ROTT,MW2 ylwfevr@evansville.net --813-- * Plant City, FL Nathan Dempsey DESCENT1/2 Krote@msn.com --814-- * PA Ryostat Lestrat MW2 http://lestrat@srvr.third-wave.com --817-- * Killeen, TX Chris Batchelor MW2,DOOM2 817-539-7807 * Kileen, TX Phil Mayberry MW2,FALCON3 ArmorGrog@aol.com --818-- * Alhambra, CA Steve Reyes MW2,APACHE reyes@law3.law.ucla.edu * Duarte, CA Jeremy Henderson DOOM1/2,MW2,APACHE e.nigma@ix.netcom.com * Glendale, CA Michael Zamarocy MW2,C&C,WARCRAFT1/2,F15SE3, EF2000,BATTLEDROME,1942PAW, WCARMADA,DESCENT,EMPIREDLX-WIN, THE GRANDEST FLEET,HARDBALL4, ICR,NASCAR,WORLD CIRCUIT F1GP, APACHE,STEEL PANTHERS Michael_Zamarocy@msn.com * Pasadena, CA Bill Giolando MW2,DOOM1/2,DESCENT,C&C, EMPIRE wgiolando@aol.com * Van Nuys, CA Edgar Larios MW2,HEXEN,DN3D(SW),APACHE topdawg@earthlink.net --847-- * Illinois Sean Hogan MW2 HMSF90A@Prodigy.com --901-- * Memphis, TN Silver7 DESCENT,NFS ckramer@awod.com --904-- * Ormond Beach Kevin Gallagher MW2 lucky@america.com --907-- * Anchorage, AL Michael F. Zura MW2 mzura@alaska.net --909-- * Canyon Lake, CA Angus Maclean/Sir Gareth MW2,WARCRAFT2,DOOM2, DESCENT grandchien@msn.com --912-- * Brooklet, GA David Morrison DOOM,DESCENT,MW2 MMELANIE@sunbelt.net --914-- * Dobbs Ferry, NY Jeremiah Anspach CHESSMASTER4000, DOOM1/2,MW2 Overhoff@gramercy.ios.com * New York Mike Boscia DESCENT2,MW2,WARCRAFT2, DN3D mboscia@rcds.rye.ny.us (914)234-0636 --915-- * El Paso, TX Luis Calderon MW2 tessera@MSN.com * Ft. Bliss, TX John Moore MW2,DOOM munguia@primenet.com --916-- * Marysville, CA Justin "Shroomy" Werner MW295,DOOM2,DN3D,HEXEN HERETIC jwwerner@syix.com * Weaverville, CA Jeremy "Enzo" Forbes MW2 cforbes@tcoe.trinity.k12.us.ca CANADA --306-- * Regina, Sask. Trevis MW2,TERMINAL VELOCITY mainlandfx@dlcwest.com --403-- * Calgary, Alberta Patrick Latter MW2,DESCENT dlatter@agt.net 403-254-1585 * Edmonton, AB Brent Desouza MW2,C&C,DESCENT vertigo@connect.ab.ca * Sherwood Park, AB Mike Balaneski MW2,WARCRAFT2,C&C, NASCAR,DOOM michael@agt.net * Alberta Eisernes MW2 eisernes@compusmart.ab.ca --416-- * Brampton, ON Bryan Lau MW2,CIVNET dumb@inforamp.net * Brampton, ON Bryan Lau MW2,WARCRAFT2 dumb@inforamp.net * Scarborough Dennis Fung "The Menace" DOOM2,DESCENT2,FURY3 defung@io.org http://www.io.org/~defung * Toronto, ON Dave Glue DN3D,HARDBALL5 daveacg@interlog.com --514-- * Montreal, Quebec Christopher "Topher" Andrews MW2,DESCENT cl_andr@alcor.concordia.ca * Montreal, Quebec Lou Atwater DOOM1/2,NFS,VIRTUAL POOL cyborme@aol.com --604-- * Coquitlam, BC Scott Paik (Paikman) MW2,WARCRAFT2 skyhigh@skybus.com * Quebec Phelan Kell DOOM2,HEXEN,FALCON 3.0, MW2 jackryan@total.net * Vancouver, BC Brian Oraas C&C,WARCRAFT2,MW2 boraas@direct.ca * Vacouver, BC Ben Murphy MW2,WARCRAFT2 factor7@cycor.ca * Vancouver, BC Crickster C&C,FIFA96,NHL96, ICR1,NFS brandon_crick@mindlink.bc.ca * Vancouver, BC Brad Weldon MW295,WARCRAFT2 bdweldon@unixg.ubc.ca * Victoria, BC Al Adrian AKA 2OIx FALCON3,FIGHTER DUEL, AIR WARRIOR aadrian@ios.bc.ca --613-- * Orleans, ON Chris Winder MW2 jk.winder@sympatico.ca --705-- * Angus, Ontario Perry Strand MW2,TANK COMMANDER VIRTUAL POOL,DOOM1/2 pstrand@sparky.transdata.ca * Bailieboro, Ontario Matthew Villeneuve MW2,DESCENT,DOOM2 mvilleneuve@consumersgas.com --819-- * Gatineau, Quebec Eric Gingras MW2,DOOM2,MAGICCARPET, HEROES OF MIGHT AND MAGIC 102671.3613@compuserve.com --905-- * Brampton, Ontario Bryan Lau MW2,DOOM2,CIVNET dumb@inforamp.net * Brampton, ON Bryan Lau MW2,WARCRAFT2 dumb@inforamp.net * Brampton, ON Raven M.P. MW2 mike@octonline.com * Oshawa, Ontario Martin Cserhati MW2 lpc@mail.durham.net AUSTRALIA * Brisbane, Australia John Cowley DOOM1/2,NFS,WARCRAFT2, C&C,HEXEN,MW2 dmcowley@msn.com * Brisbane, Australia Cesar Eduardo Tomassi GESTETNER,DOOM1/2,MW2 WCARMADA,WCACADAMY sast@ecn.net.au * Castlemaine, AREA 3054 Edward Lewis MK3,MW2 yps@castlemaine.net.au * East Fremantle-WA Cooper DOOM1/2,DN3D/MW2 looper@omen.com.au 339-5769 BRAZIL * Rio de Janeiro, RJ Fernando Henrique Lemos de Araujo MW2,C&C,DOOM2 faraujo@ibm.net ENGLAND * Warminster, Wiltshire Henry Gibson FIFA96,MW2,EF2000,DOOM2 HERETIC,C&C,LINKS,DESCENT Bognor@msn.com MALAYSIA * Kuala Lumpur, 03 Outside Round MW2,NASCAR haylyn@pl.jaring.my * Petaling Jaya Bronson Chin bron@pl.jaring.my MEXICO * Mexico City Gerardo MW2 103503.2026@compuserve.com NEW ZEALAND * Area 07 Daniel Nicholls MW2, DOOM2 znaddanz@wave.co.nz SINGAPORE * Loke Teng Yan MW2,DOOM1/2,DESCENT,C&C, HERETIC,HEXEN,QUAKE (test1) 93202707@np.ac.sg http://arbornet.org/~lokety ------------------------------------------------- GAMING NETWORKS/BBS's/COMPUTER ARCADES etc. ------------------------------------------------- --IN PERSON GAMING CENTERS-- TEXAS * NETWARS is an in-person local network set up at Lone Star Comics, 504 E Abrams, Arlington, TX. Games include MW2, Warcraft 1/2, C&C, Descent, Heretic, Witchhaven, Doom 1/2, and more. For more info, contact Stephen Wiles at: peg9post@airmail.net WISCONSIN * THE VIRTUAL GAMING CENTER is an in-person arcade where you can rent to play multi-player (up to 8 players in the same game) PC games on a blazing fast network, 27 inch monitors, and stereo headsets! Including games like: DOOM 2,HEXEN,DESCENT,WARCRAFT 2,DUKE NUKEM 3D, COMMAND & CONQUER, and more... Located @ 1514 S. 84th Street, Milwaukee, WI. (414) 476-1514 Questions? Contact vgc@execpc.com --OTHER GAMING SERVICES (BBSs ETC)-- * THE EMERALD ISLE BBS (714) 870-3050 This BBS has a "Game Connection" link where you can play WITHOUT a network. Support includes: 31 lines Doom - 4 players Descent - 7 players Descent2 - 7 players Civnet - 7 players Hexen/Heretic - 4 players Any MANY other 2 player compatible games Questions? Contact captain.redbeard@714.sasbbs.com OR sunarja@ix.netcom.com --------------------------------------------------- *FAQ--THE MODEMWARRIOR'S DIRECTORY, V1.3* --------------------------------------------------- Hail fellow Modemwarriors! I maintain and update this directory so that Modemwarrior's may find opponents in their area. Please read on for information about the structure and organization of TMD, as well as how to submit your entry... The BEST version of TMD is at: http://www.probe.net/~lokety/tmd.html This web-version is nicely maintained by my friend Yan, and it is updated about once a week. This TEXT version is updated and posted once near the end of each month at most of the gaming newsgroups. So, for the most current data, (and a more enjoyable experience!) check out the http site. SUBMITTING YOUR ENTRY: I'll need the following information... *Your name *Your telephone area-code *Your Country/City/State (or province etc...) *The modem-to-modem/network games you own *Your primary e-mail address If a telephone area code does not apply to your region/ country, supply some other relevant information that will let Modemwarriors know where you are. Also, please do not forget to INCLUDE YOUR CITY for many area codes cover entire states/regions. NOTE: New entries will appear on the web version of TMD in 3-5 days. They will appear in this text version on the next monthly release of TMD. THIS INFORMATION WILL BE USED ONLY FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS DIRECTORY! It will not be distributed or used in any way or for any other purpose than for modemwarriors to locate you. Because of all the entries I recieve, I may not always send a confirmation e-mail that I recieved your entry. If you want a confirmation, please type in the subject box "confirmation requested". If you are a current member of The Modemwarrior's Directory and need to update your entry (ie new games, change of e-mail address), just notify me. Also, please notify me of any mistakes or non- existant e-mail addresses. My address is: DEAD_CLOWN@msn.com If you are representing a gaming network, BBS, computer arcade, etc., please e-mail me about your entry submission. ORGANIZATION of THE MODEMWARRIOR'S DIRECTORY Entries are formatted as follows: --000-- TELEPHONE AREA CODE * Noplace, NY CITY/STATE (province etc) Joe Blow MODEMWARRIOR'S NAME DOOM2,MW2 GAMES (in caps) Jblow@here.com MODEMWARRIOR'S E-MAIL ADDRESS Telephone area codes are listed in numerical order. Within the area codes, entries are listed alphabetically by CITY. The United States and Canada are listed first, after which countries are listed alphabetically. Because of space considerations, some games have been abbreviated: AIRTRAFCONT....Air Traffic Control C&C............Command & Conquer DN3D...........Duke Nukem 3D DUNGMAST2......Dungeon Master II EMPIREDLX-WIN..Empire Deluxe for Windows FLTSIM.........Flight Simulator F15SE3.........F-15 Strike Eagle III ICR1/2.........Indy Car Racing 1 or 2 LODERUN........Lode Runner MK3............MORTAL KOMBAT 3 MW2............Mechwarrior 2 MW295..........Mechwarrior 2 for Windows 95« NFS............The Need For Speed NHL96..........NHL Hockey '96 ROTT...........Rise of the Triad WCACADAMY......Wing Commander: Acadamy WCARMADA.......Wing Commander: Armada 1942PAW........1942 Pacific Air War (SW) after a game indicates shareware version By the way, I am also the author of The Mechwarrior 2 Player Directory. It is similiar to this directory, but exlusively for MW2. Check it out at: http://arbornet.org/~lokety/mw2_pd.html I welcome comments and suggestions. If you feel TMD could be improved in some way, run it by me! Look for the next update of The Modemwarrior's Directory soon. Happy gaming! Jack DEAD_CLOWN@msn.com ------------------------------------------------ Copyrights and Disclaimers: ------------------------------------------------ *THE MODEMWARRIOR'S DIRECTORY V1.3, ⌐ 1996 JACK DAVIS PLEASE DISTRIBUTE! BUT DO NOT ALTER, PILFER, OR COMBINE WITH ANY OTHER SUCH DIRECTORY WITHOUT CONSENT OF THE AUTHOR *ALL GAMES ARE COPYRIGHTS/TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE COMPANIES *DISTRIBUTE THIS DIRECTORY FOR GAMING PURPOSES ONLY!!! NO ONE is to use the names and/or electronic mail addresses on this list for ANY OTHER PURPOSE than to contact them for a modem-to-modem match, or to correspond about subjects pertaining to the computer gaming community. -------------------------------------------------- @START@Extensive Zork Nemesis review @ Arcadia All is not well in the Great Underground Empire! Find out all about its problems in Arcadia's review of Activision's excellent new game Zork Nemesis, which continues the 13 year Zork legacy. Featuring superb sound and a full 360 degree rotational interface, Nemesis should fit the bill for most any adventurer. Come check it out at http://www.arcadiamag.com. __________________________ Greg Kasavin shrike@slip.net Arcadia. April 1. No Joke. http://www.arcadiamag.com @START@SCROLL OF WINDOWS '95 GAMES SCROLL OF WINDOWS '95 GAMES ************************************************************************* MAY 1996 Spell 05 of 12 ************************************************************************* Hail Gamers! Now that Win95 has been released, I thought I'd inscribe a scroll of all the upcoming games that will have conversions to Win95, or made specifically for Win95, so we can decide if we want to wait for the Win95 versions or go for the DOS releases. Unlike my Address Tomes, there will be only 12 conjurings of this scroll. Each conjuring will take place on the 20th day of each moon in the realm of comp.sys.ibm.pc.games.announce. The last conjuring will take place on the 12th moon of the year 1996. Thereafter, the seers doth deem that the scroll be a waste of magic as henceforth all games are expected to be Win95 only or will have Win95 versions. Note that this scroll will only comprise those games which *require* Win95 to run, i.e., the Win95 versions of these games *cannot* run on any other OS except Win95. Games which can run on DOS/Win3.1 and also on Win95 will not be put on this scroll (otherwise we may as well put down every game title). Win95 conversions refer to the specific version of an existing title that can only run on Win95 and no other OS. The scroll is therefore not a Win95 *compatibility* listing. Email me if thou dost have additions to the list according to the above criteria. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- key: * = released ======================== Win95 CONVERSIONS ============================ * 3D Ultra Pinball (Sierra) All Star Baseball (Accolade) * Allied General (SSI) * Atari Action Packs 1, 2, & 3 (Activision) * Battle Isle III * Chessmaster 4000 Turbo (Mindscape) Cyberia II (Xatrix) Daedalus Encounter (Virgin) * Descent II: Counterstrike (Parallax) * Doom II (id) * Dust: A Tale of the Wired West (CyberFlix) * Earthworm Jim (Activision) * Empire II: The Art of War (New World Computing) Flight Unlimited (LookingGlass Technologies) * Fury3 (Microsoft) * Gabriel Knight II: The Beast Within (Sierra) * Heroes of Might & Magic (New World Computing) Hexen (GT Interactive) IndyCar Racing 2 (Papyrus) IronBlood (Take 2 Interactive) Jazz Jack Rabbit 2 (Epic MegaGames) * The Journeyman Project 2: Buried in Time (Sanctuary Woods) * King's Quest VII: The Princeless Bride (Sierra) * Knight Moves (MicroProse) * Lode Runner: The Legend Returns (Sierra) Magic: The Gathering (MicroProse) * Mechwarrior II (Activision) * Microsoft Golf (Microsoft) Mortal Kombat 3 (GT Interactive) NASCAR Racing (Papyrus) One Must Fall 2097 (Epic MegaGames) Panzer General (SSI) * Phantasmagoria (Sierra) * Police Quest: SWAT (Sierra) Quake (id) Return to Krondor (7th Level) Sail 95 (Vivid Simulations) * Shivers (Sierra) * Sid Meier's CivNet (MicroProse) * SimCity 2000 (Maxis) SimCity Classic (Maxis) SimTown (Maxis) * SU-27 Flanker (SSI) Super Bubsy (Accolade) * Torin's Passage (Sierra) * Trophy Bass: Outdoor Sportsman (Sierra) * Ultimate Doom (id) * Virtual Karts (MicroProse) * Widger Workshop (Maxis) Wizardry Gold (Sir-Tech) ========================= Win95 *ONLY* ============================= * Aces of the Deep Command (Sierra) AD&D: DeathKeep (SSI) * Al Unser Jr. Arcade Racing (Mindscape) * Beavis & Butthead in Virtual Stupidity (Viacom NewMedia) Chessmaster 5000 (Mindscape) Close Combat (Atomic) * Comix Zone (Sega) * Commodore 64 15-Pack (Activision) * Cyberspeed (Mindscape) * DogZ (PF. Magic) * Double Switch (Digital Pictures) * Earthsiege II (Sierra) * Ecco the Dolphin (Sega) The Elk Moon Murder (Activision) * Endorfun (Time Warner) Falcon 4 (Spectrum HoloByte) * Freddi Fish and The Case of The Missing Kelp Seeds (Humongous) * Full Tilt Pinball (Maxis) * Gadget (Synergy) * Havoc (Reality Bytes) * The Hive (Trimark Interactive) HyperBlade (Activision) * Ice & Fire (Zombie) * The Indian in the Cupboard (Viacom New Media) * Josephine: Portrait of an Assassin King's Quest VIII (Sierra) * The Last Dynasty (Sierra) * Let's Explore The Airport (Humongous) * Let's Explore The Farm (Humongous) * Locus (Zombie) * Lode Runner Online Edition (Sierra) MagZone (Trimark Interactive) One Must Fall II (Epic MegaGames) Pax Imperia II (Blizzard) * PBA Bowling (Bethesda) * Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure (Activision) * Pressure Drop (Starhill Productions) Putt-Putt Saves The Zoo (Humongous) Red Baron II (Sierra) Return Fire (Time Warner) * Shanghai: Great Moments (Activision) * Shock Wave Assault (Electronic Arts) Silverheart (Origin) * Spycraft (Activision) * Thexder (Sierra) * Tomcat Alley (Sega) * TriTryst (Virgin) Ultima IX: Ascension (Origin) * Under Pressure (Starhill Productions) Unreal (Epic MegaGames) * Virtua Fighter Remix (Sega) [requires Diamond Edge 3D card] * Virtual Corporation (Microforum) * Warhammer: Shadow of the Horned Rat (Mindscape) Wing Commander V (Origin) [5!! not 4!] Wing Commander Privateer: The Darkening (Origin) * Zork: Nemesis (Activision) -- ************************************************************************ * Sir Launcelot du Lake Chevalier de la Dragon swkgohw@nus.sg * * Avatar & Knight of Britannia -==(UDIC)==- __ * ********************************************************** / \ * * * | () | * * A strange game * |\_\ /_/| * * The only winning move is not to play * | _ _ | * * * |/ | | \| * * - Wargames * | | * * * /____\ * ************************************************************************ @START@The Patches Scrolls Hello fellow gamers everywhere! Several times a day a newsposting can be read: Where is a patch for this or that game? Shouldn't anybody know where to find them? Yes, anybody should - but not everybody could. To solve this problem I'll once every few weeks post this letter with all the patches i'm aware of. Sorry, this isn't exactly true. There are some patches in the world from which I know there are they located at, but haven't found the time to store them on my server and/or in the list. Common patches archives are at ftp.uml.edu , ftp.uwp.edu and wuarchive.wustl.edu - this was so in the past. Now quite a couple of games companies have joined Internet and created their own ftp-areas which too cover game-updates (also called 'patches'). Names like Electronic Arts, Microprose, Spectrum Holobyte, Apogee, Epic MegaGames, Advanced Idea Machines, Papyrus Design, Maxis and Accolade come to mind. But it's uncommon for gamers to just have one game or only buy games from one particuliar company. So it's most likely you'll have to browse through a couple of sites and locations regularly to find any new patches for your games. Should this be the case? No, i think NOT! There is ONE place on the whole Internet who (nearly) has them all - all patches available at the Internet: ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de You can find patches in /pub/ms-dos/games/patches - and more GUS-specific, in /pub/ms-dos/sound/gravis/games If speed is of concern for you (this and it's small userlimit are still the main problems at my site), grab the files from our official american mirror: ftp.cdrom.com! The whole ms-dos archive is mirrored at their site in /pub/dresden - so have a look. Yes, game-patches are in /pub/dresden/games/patches... :) Or you aussies can always go to ftp.midnight.com.au in /pub/dresden/patches and download any patch. Look for more mirror sites below in this text. Uploads - I'm talking about game patches here - should go to /pub/incoming/ms-dos/games/patches . You can also upload to ftp.cdrom.com, simly use /pub/dresden/incoming First - the THANK YOUs (in no particuliar order) ------------------------------------------------ Eric Grover Teri Takamoto (a special BIG one to this lady!) Sir Launcelot du Lake Fabrice Timmermanns all the guys from Walnut Creek CDROM Chris Taylor from Interplay for being of so much help for us online-gamers Brenda Garno from Sir-Tech (always the fastest replies) Brian from Microprose (I've got my MPS-newsletter...) Scott Hamilton from HPS Axel Wolf John Gibb Georg Ruof from New World Computing Robert Spencer from PC Games Plus Peter Muthsam ...and all the others I've missed, but who helped me in several ways. Thanks especially to those who uploaded files via their slow modem connections and had a lot to pay for their kindness. Some notes from the author (sort of a FAQ): =========================================== Currently ALL new patches which I was able to obtain will first be stored on ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de in /pub/ms-dos/games/patches Various mirrorsites pick them up from here and put those files on their servers. These sites are (noted with directory as well) ftp.cdrom.com:/pub/games_patches/pc (this site also has special areas for mac & amiga) ftp.midnight.com.au:/pub/dresden/patches hub.tem.nctu.edu.tw:/Msdos/games/patches ftp.gamesdomain.co.uk:/pub/patches ftp.gamesdomain.com:/pub/patches (Please note that hub.tem.nctu.edu.tw is only partially mirroring and might not contain all recent patches or any recent patches at all.) I get my files from various sources (friends, companies, CDs, ftp-sites) and for some reasons I have to convert all files into PkZip-archives. So if you know other good game patches ftp sites you might find some of the patches I cover in this list under another filename and with another filesize. Don't worry, it should be the same patch. I have included some of the major games companies ftp sites, so you can get many patches even if all "dresden"-servers are busy. I might add more ftp sites and maybe even http sites in the future. Here is how all patches entries are handled in this list: - ALL patches are for the (US-)English version of a game only if not noted otherwise. - You can upgrade ANY (US-English)version of a game to the latest version with the provided patches. If you need any special version(number) to upgrade to the latest patch, it's noted in the appended description of its filename. e.g. dm12_19r.zip - DOOM! 1.2 to 1.9 - EVERY patch is for the releasemedium it usually comes on. So if a game ONLY comes/came on diskette, this is not extra noted, if it comes/came ONLY on CD-ROM, this too is not extra noted. But if versions for both disk and/or CD exist (or whatever will be used for games storage), I'll note that. - If you need info about when a patch was added to the archive, there are two ways (and maybe more) to find out: by ftp: do a 'ls -lt' in the specific directory by WWW: read whatsnew.html on my webpage at http://www.inf.tu-dresden.de/~mr2 I can't add this and all the other wanted information in my patches scrolls since this would burst the filesize into much bigger areas. Maybe I'll add this info on my webpage but unless I get paid for that not in the near future -- I have to finish my study some time... To obtain the current patches scrolls, send me a mail (mr2@irz.inf.tu-dresden.de) with subject 'send patches scrolls' and I'll automatically send it to you. Use the FULL text, even if one character is wrong/missing it won't be send. Never send a mail which includes 'test' - such mails will be automatically wiped out! If you only want news on new patches with some additional information on some patches (I try as hard as I can to obtain such information, but in some cases it's impossible to get it in my limited spare time), you can subscribe to G+ Magazine, which from now on will carry EXCLUSIVELY this 'column'. To subscribe to G+ you can either do that by sending a mail with subject 'SUBSCRIBE G-PLUS' to netslave@midnight.com.au or subscribe via their Webpage at http;//www.midnight.com.au G+ is like most/all e-magazines so far, free of charge. You'll still have to pay your telefone bill, but that's all. My webpage at either http://www.inf.tu-dresden.de/~mr2 OR http://www.cdrom.com/~mr2 carries only all available patches plus a few infos about changes/additions to my archive in the past. It will not be a replacement for neither the scrolls nor my patches news. What I'm waiting for: Master of Orion 1.4, Clash of Steel 1.2 (1.1 is BUGGY) and some patches for older 'classics' like Might&Magic series. Will these things ever see the light of Internet? How to get files from my site ============================= by FTP: ftp ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de login as anonymous or ftp password as usual (don't type 'usual'!) cd /pub/ms-dos/games/patches now GET your files or use one of our mirrors: a) ftp ftp.cdrom.com login (see above) password (see above) cd /pub/dresden/games/patches now GET your files b) ftp ftp.midnight.com.au login (see above) password (see above) cd /pub/dresden/patches now GET your files c) ftp.gamesdomain.co.uk login (see above) password (see above) cd /pub/patches now GET your files d) ftp.gamesdomain.com login (see above) password (see above) cd /pub/patches now GET your files by FSP: fsp 141.76.1.11 21 cd /pub/ms-dos/games/patches GET your files by ftp-by-mail: if you don't know how this works: send a mail with subject:help to ftpmail@irz.inf.tu-dresden.de by WWW: connect to http://www.inf.tu-dresden.de/~mr2 or to http://www.cdrom.com/~mr2 or to http://www.cdrom.com/pub/dresden/games/patches choose the highlighted site you would like to download files from click onto the file you want to own; wait... :) The list as of 9th june '96 =========================== Changes since 7th may: * First: i had to remove all Air Warrior patches since they weren't intended for the general public. * But the good thing is: i finally was able to implement the Mac & Amiga archives. I hope they will grow at least as continually as the PC archives. On the other hand i wish they will not. I will not go into detail this time. I'm just saying that i added another couple of german updates - localization takes its toll - and a couple of regulars like Steel Panthers 1.19xx and Galactic Civiliations 2.12a got added. More details in the next issue. * Microprose has changed it's ftp-server (for the bad IMHO for ftp-only users). It's now www.microprose.com (or www.holobyte.com). * Note that the Mac and Amiga archives are _NOT_ available at Dresden, but only ftp.cdrom.com in the newly created /pub/games_patches directory. *Here is the list with new releases (and old ones recently added): apchptch.zip Apache 1.1 (17th april '96) cm2patch.zip Championship Manager II 1.1 cnw106.zip Conquest of the New World 1.06 colger.zip Colonization 3.0 (german) ds9v11.zip Deep Space 9: Harbinger 1.1 ffe106d.zip Frontier: First Encounters 1.06 (german rel.) gc212a.zip Galactic Civilizations II 2.12a gc214b.zip Galactic Civilizations II 2.14 (beta!) gnb4v11.zip Great Naval Battles IV 1.1 hb4patch.zip Hardball IV updates indydesk.zip Indy's Desktop Adventures (installation update) ju_151.zip Jack Nicklaus Unlimited Golf 1.51 lafpatch.zip Live Action Football maabus.zip Maabus fixes mlpatch1.zip Metal & Lace patch #1 (installation fix) oldtime1.zip Old Time Baseball 1.10 (beta!) {disk 1} oldtime2.zip Old Time Baseball 1.10 (beta!) {disk 2} pd10to12.zip Power Dolls 1.0 to 1.2 pd12to13.zip Power Dolls 1.2 to 1.3 ps_115.zip Panthers in the Shadows 1.15 rise101.zip Rise and Rule of Ancient Empires 1.01 sh_v101.zip Silent Hunter 1.01 sied2_02.zip Siedler II 1.02 (german) st101.zip Silent Thunder 1.01 stars25u.zip Stars! 2.0b to 2.5 (registered) steel19x.zip Steel Panthers 1.19xx (beta!) su27v11.zip SU-27 Flanker 1.1 tac102.zip TacOps for Windows 1.02 tfs130d.zip Terminator: Future Shock 1.30 (german release) tfs130uk.zip Terminator: Future Shock 1.30 (UK-release) tmayp101.zip Total Mayhem 1.0.1 tony96.zip Tony LaRussa Basball III '96 1.10 (beta!) ur96pat.zip Unneccessary Roughness '96 (5th january '96) vcptch.zip Virtual Corporation 1.0 update wake11jc.zip Dark Sun II: Wake of the Ravager 1.10 (jewel case edition) wc2g_120.zip Warcraft II: Tide of Darkness 1.00 to 1.20 (german release) wsd_106.zip World Series of Poker Deluxe 1.0.6 * Go ahead - play the games again. Maybe with all these new patches you can finally enjoy them... Acknowledged sites locations ------------------ --------- 1.) ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de A) /pub/ms-dos/games/patches B) /pub/ms-dos/sound/gravis/games (only on ftp.cdrom.com!) C) /pub/games_patches/mac (only on ftp.cdrom.com!) D) /pub/games_patches/amiga 2.) ftp.ea.com /pub/patches 3.) ftp.uwp.edu A) /pub/msdos/games/patches B) /pub/msdos/games/apogee C) /pub/msdos/games/epic 4.) ftp.netcom.com /pub/ac/accolade 5.) cactus.org A) /pub/falcon3/programs B) /pub/hitech-sim/patches 6.) www.microprose.com A) /pub/mps-online/new-versions B) /pub/sh-online/updates 7.) ftp.maxis.com /pub/maxis 8.) ftp.interplay.com /pub/patches 9.) ftp.bethsoft.com /pub/Patches 10.) ftp.lucasarts.com /pub/patches IP-numbers: ----------- ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de : 141.76.1.11 ftp.ea.com : 159.153.88.3 ftp.uwp.edu : 204.95.162.190 ftp.netcom.com : 192.100.81.1 cactus.org : 192.207.27.4 www.microprose.com : 204.163.196.10 ftp.maxis.com : 199.182.213.3 ftp.interplay.com : 207.77.204.10 ftp.bethsoft.com : 205.197.248.17 ftp.lucasarts.com: 204.71.70.10 Mirror-sites ------------ I) ftp.informatik.uni-rostock.de /pub/msdos/falcon3 (mirror of ftp.k9.com) II) ftp.cdrom.com A) /pub/games_patches/pc B) /pub/games_patches/gravis (mirror of ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de) III) hub.tem.nctu.edu.tw /Msdos/games/patches (mirror of ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de, partial) IV) ftp.midnight.com.au /pub/dresden/patches (mirror of ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de) V) ftp.gamesdomain.co.uk /pub/patches (mirror of ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de) VI) ftp.gamesdomain.com /pub/patches (mirror of ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de) IP-numbers: ----------- ftp.informatik.uni-rostock.de : 139.30.5.237 hub.tem.nctu.edu.tw : 140.113.30.104 ftp.midnight.com.au : 203.14.168.18 ftp.gamesdomain.co.uk : 194.72.76.110 ftp.gamesdomain.com: 204.254.77.195 ftp.cdrom.com : 165.113.58.253 Companies on the net -------------------- *Accolade ftp.netcom.com:/pub/ac/accolade IP: 192.100.81.1 *Apogee ftp.swcbbs.com:/pub/apogee IP: 204.68.200.2,204.95.162.190 ftp.uwp.edu:/pub/msdos/games/apogee *Bethesda Softworks ftp.bethsoft.com IP: 205.197.248.17 *Disneysoft ftp.caprica.com:/pub/disneysoft IP: 198.180.167.16 *Domark www.domark.com IP: 205.158.5.67 *Electronic Arts (+ affiliates) ftp.ea.com IP: 159.153.88.3 *Epic Megagames ftp.uwp.edu:/pub/msdos/games/Epic IP: 204.95.162.190 *ID ftp.idsoftware.com IP: 192.246.40.6 *Interplay ftp.interplay.com:/pub/patches IP: 207.77.204.10 *LucasArts ftp.lucasarts.com IP:204.71.70.10 *Maxis ftp.maxis.com:/pub/maxis IP: 199.182.213.3 *Microprose ftp.microprose.com IP: 204.163.196.10 *Papyrus Design ftp.std.com:/pub/vendors/papyrus IP: 192.74.137.7 *Sierra On-Line www.sierra.com:/pub/sierra IP: 204.194.12.28 Known patches ------------- (Note:The line after each patch in the list indicates the known locations of this file, so read carefully and keep the 'Known sites' in memory!) for instance: (1A) means site 1) - that is ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de, directory A) - that is /pub/ms-dos/games/patches Use mirror-sites instead of the original sites - this will help keeping traffic low on the original sites and will help the mirror-sites to improve their mirroring speed. general Updates for PC ---------------------- * 1830: Railroad & Robber Barons (july, 17th '95) 1830jul.zip location: (1A) size: 208k * 1942: Pacific Air War 1.4 to 1.5b paw15b.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 293K * 1942: Pacific Air War 1.4 {disk 1} paw_v14a.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 1420K * 1942: Pacific Air War 1.4 {disk 2} paw_v14b.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 1339K * 1942: Pacific Air War digital sound-fix (requires version 1.4 of the game) 1942dig.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 5K * 1942: Pacific Air War Gold (volume label fix) pawgcd.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 3K * 5th Fleet 1.2 5thflt12.zip location: (1A) size: 305K * A-10 Tank Killer (clicking sound fix) a10click.zip location: (1A) size: 4K * A-10 Tank Killer 1.52b1 a10patch.zip location: (1A) size: 54K * A-train 1.02 atdos6.zip location: (1A,7) size: 207K * Absolute Zero 1.04 azup104.zip location: (1A) size: 1158K * Aces of the Deep 1.2 aod12.zip location: (1A) size: 827K * Aces of the Pacific patch B aces_ptb.zip location: (1A) size: 594K * Aces of the Pacific: 1946 patch A 1946ptch.zip location: (1A) size: 171K * Aces over Europe (new joystick drivers and other fixes) aoe_dos.zip location: (1A) size: 69K * Advanced Civilization 1.0 to 1.01 adciv101.zip location: (1A) size: 286K * Aegis: Guardian of the Fleet 1.1 aegis_11.zip location: (1A) size: 9K * Aide de Camp 1.16b adc_116.zip location: (1A) size: 549K * Air Bucks 1.2 to 1.21 ab121p.zip location: (1A) size: 109K * Al Qadim 1.1 alqadm11.zip location: (1A) size: 631K * Albion 1.27 (german release) albi127.zip location: (1A) size: 448K * Alien Legacy 1.01 alien101.zip location: (1A) size: 250K * Alien Logic: Skyrealms of Jorune 1.1 jorun1_1.zip location: (1A) size: 157K * Aliens v2 (french release) aliensp2.zip location: (1A) size: 507K * Allied General 1.1 agwin11.zip location: (1A) size: 573K * Alone in the Dark (CD-version) aitdcdfx.zip location: (1A) size: 147K * Alone in the Dark II fix aitd2fix.zip location: (1A) size: 1302K * Amazon Guardians of Eden fix amazon2.zip location: (1A) size: 61K * Ambush at Sorinor 1.02 amb102.zip location: (1A) size: 140K * America Invades 1.0 to 1.0.1 ai_101.zip location: (1A) size: 53K * American Civil War 1.15 (additional files for int. release) cw115int.zip location: (1A) size: 39K * American Civil War 1.15 {disk 1} (UK-release) cw115en1.zip location: (1A) size: 1392K * American Civil War 1.15 {disk 2} (UK-release) cw115en2.zip location: (1A) size: 369K * Ancient Art of War in the Skies v2 aawsv2.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 195K * Anstoss (german release) anstoss.zip location: (1A) size: 1148K * Anvil of Dawn 1.1 anvup11.zip location: (1A) size: 131K * Apache 1.1 (17th april '96) apchptch.zip location: (1A) size: 491K * Archon Ultra 1.0 to 1.1a au10211a.zip location: (1A) size: 443K * Archon Ultra 1.1 to 1.1a au11211a.zip location: (1A) size: 195K * Armoured Fist 1A14 (CD-version) af14cd.zip location: (1A) size: 175K * Armoured Fist 1A14 af14dk.zip location: (1A) size: 174K * Ascendancy (Antagonizer AI module, US-release) antag.zip location: (1A) size: 297K * Ascendancy (Antagonizer AI module, non-US release) antag_f.zip location: (1A) size: 297K * Ascendancy 1.8.5 (US-release) asc185.zip location: (1A) size: 286K * Ascendancy 1.8.5 (non-US release) asc185f.zip location: (1A) size: 286K * B-17 Flying Fortress v2 b17v2.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 215K * Bard's Tale Construction Set 1.3 btcs_v13.zip location: (1A,8) size: 527K * Battle Chess Enhanced (CD-version) cdchess.zip location: (1A,8) size: 70K * Battle Chess II: Chinese Chess fix chess2.zip location: (1A,8) size: 404K * Battle Isle II 1.05 (german release) bi2_105.zip location: (1A) size: 165K * Battle Isle II: Erben des Titan (german release) bi2updt.zip location: (1A) size: 251K * Battleground: Ardennes 1.1 {disk 1} bga11_1.zip location: (1A) size: 1329K * Battleground: Ardennes 1.1 {disk 2} bga11_2.zip location: (1A) size: 1281K * Battleground: Ardennes 1.1 {disk 3} bga11_3.zip location: (1A) size: 862K * Battleground: Gettysburg 1.02 bgg102.zip location: (1A) size: 1215K * Battles of Britain 1940 upgrade bobexe.zip location: (1A) size: 120K * Battles of Destiny fix bodpch.zip location: (1A) size: 84K * Betrayal at Krondor 1.02 bak102.zip location: (1A) size: 243K * Big 3 for Windows (6th april '95) big3.zip location: (1A) size: 249K * Biing! 1.4 (german) biing_14.zip location: (1A) size: 526K * Blackthorne (patch for Gravis Gamepad) btjoy.zip location: (1A,8) size: 97K * Blake Stone 2.0 (registered) bspatch6.zip location: (1A,3B) size: 634K * Blake Stone 2.0 to 2.1 (registered) bs21pat6.zip location: (1A,3B) size: 254K * Blake Stone 2.1 to 3.0 (registered) bs30pat6.zip location: (1A,3B) size: 627K * Blood Bowl 1.1 bloodp.zip location: (1A) size: 198K * Bolo update (german release) bolo_upd.zip location: (1A) size: 254K * Boppin' 1.0 to 1.1 (registered) bopb11pt.zip location: (1A,3B) size: 284K * Breach II 2.3 b2_23.zip location: (1A) size: 268K * Breach III 1.0 to 1.01 b3_101.zip location: (1A) size: 584K * Bureau 13: Stalking the Night Fantastic fix b13patch.zip location: (1A) size: 130K * Buzz Aldrin's Race into Space 1.01 baris101.zip location: (1A,3B,8) size: 398K * Caesar 1.1 caesar11.zip location: (1A) size: 109K * Capitalism 1.02 (german release) capg102.zip location: (1A) size: 389K * Capitalism 1.02 cap102.zip location: (1A) size: 389K * Capitalism 1.10 (beta!) cap11bta.zip location: (1A) size: 404K * Carriers at War Construction Kit 2.0 to 2.03 cawc203a.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 203K * Carriers at War Construction Kit 2.01 to 2.03 cawc203b.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 169K * Carriers at War Construction Kit 2.01a to 2.03 cawc203c.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 144K * Carriers at War Construction Kit 2.02 to 2.03 cawc203d.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 119K * Castle of Dr. Brain (new Soundblaster driver) brain_sb.zip location: (1A) size: 4K * Castles 1.01 castles.zip location: (1A,8) size: 112K * Championship Manager II 1.56 cm2patch.zip location:(1A) size: 1141K * Chessmaster 4000 1.04 cm4_104.zip location: (1A) size: 218K * Chewy 1.1 (german release) chewy11.zip location: (1A) size: 376K * Civilization (new soundcard drivers) civsnd.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 56K * Civilization for Windows 1.2.0 civwinv2.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 344K * Civilization II 1.11 civ2111.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 717K * Civilization v5 civv05.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 134K * CivNet patch 3 civnetv3.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 1186K * Clash of Steel 1.1 cos11.zip location: (1A) size: 213K * Colonization 3.0 (german) colger.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 637K * Colonization 3.0 colv30.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 391K * Colonization CD-fix (CD-version) col_cd.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 2K * Colonization for Windows (Win95-fix) col95.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 484K * Comanche: Maximum Overkill update M2G (pentium-update & more) cmom2g.zip location: (1A) size: 59K * Command & Conquer 1.07 to 1.19p cc119p.zip location: (1A) size: 604K * Command & Conquer 1.07 to 1.20p (french release) cc120f.zip location: (1A) size: 472K * Command & Conquer 1.07 to 1.20p (german release) cc120pg.zip location: (1A) size: 423K * Command H.Q. 1.97 chq197.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 136K * Conan (CD-version) concdfix.zip location: (1A) size: 97K * Conquered Kingdoms (3rd march '95) conqkin1.zip location: (1A) size: 353K * Conquest of the Longbow : Robin Hood lbpat.zip location: (1A) size: 14K * Conquest of the New World 1.06 cnw106.zip location: (1A,8) size: 529K * Country Club Golf 1.14 (for Links 386 CD and Links 386 Pro) ccprocd.zip location: (1A) size: 787K * Creature Shock 1.0a crshk10a.zip location: (1A) size: 143K * Crimewave (486-fix) crimewav.zip location: (1A) size: 243K * Crisis in the Kremlin 1.01 citk101.zip location: (1A) size: 81K * Crusader: No Remorse 1.01 to 1.21 cru121p.zip location: (1A,2) size: 2724K * Crusader: No Remorse soundcard-patch (GUS,SB16&AWE,Ensoniq) crusndp.zip location: (1A,2) size: 22K * Cyberia (savegame-fix) cyb1208.zip location: (1A,8) size: 96K * D-Day 1.1 dday11.zip location: (1A) size: 352K * Daedalus Encounter 1.2 daedal12.zip location: (1A) size: 423K * Daemonsgate (31st may '94) dgupdate.zip location: (1A) size: 469K * Dark Forces (Thrustmaster .B50 file) darkfrce.zip location: (1A) size: 1K * Dark Legion Critic's Choice 1.1 ccdl11.zip location: (1A) size: 789K * Dark Legions 1.1 (CD-version) dlcd11.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 835K * Dark Legions 1.1 dl3511.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 779K * Dark Queen of Krynn 1.1 dqkfix.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 265K * Dark Sun 1.1 (CD-version) - disk 1 dscd11a.zip location: (1A) size: 1420K * Dark Sun 1.1 (CD-version) - disk 2 dscd11b.zip location: (1A) size: 1196K * Dark Sun 1.1 - disk 1 dsun11d1.zip location: (1A) size: 1419K * Dark Sun 1.1 - disk 2 dsun11d2.zip location: (1A) size: 327K * Dark Sun II: Wake of the Ravager 1.10 (CD-version) wakecd11.zip location: (1A) size: 276K * Dark Sun II: Wake of the Ravager 1.10 (jewel case edition) wake11jc.zip location: (1A) size: 150K * Dark Sun II: Wake of the Ravager 1.10 wakedk11.zip location: (1A) size: 133K * Darklands (new sounddrivers for Roland+SB combo) drnsnd.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 107K * Darklands v5.1 (Upgrade for v4 or v5) dark51.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 420K * Darklands v6 (Upgrade for v5 or v5.1) dark65.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 813K * Darklands v7 (Upgrade for v6) darklnd7.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 600K * Das Schwarze Auge II update (german release) dsa2pat.zip location: (1A) size: 279K * Dawn Patrol 1.7 dpupdate.zip location: (1A) size: 483K * Deep Space 9: Harbinger 1.1 ds9v11.zip location: (1A) size: 273K * Delta-V fix (CD-version) dvfxcd.zip location: (1A,9) size: 1K * Descent (new Thrustmaster .B50 & .M50 files) descfl.zip location: (1A) size: 2K * Descent 1.0 to 1.5 (registered) dreg15.zip location: (1A,8) size: 566K * Descent 1.4a to 1.5 (registered) dreg14a5.zip location: (1A,8) size: 239K * Detroit 2.1 detv2_1.zip location: (1A) size: 344K * Dime City 1.0c (german release) dime_10c.zip location: (1A) size: 941K * Disciples of Steel 1.013 steel113.zip location: (1A) size: 403K * Discworld 1.04 disc_up.zip location: (1A) size: 508K * DOOM! 1.1 to 1.9 (registered) dm11_19r.zip location: (1A) size: 675K * DOOM! 1.2 (shareware) dm1_2spt.zip location: (1A) size: 379K * DOOM! 1.2 to 1.666 (shareware) dm1666sp.zip location: (1A) size: 636K * DOOM! 1.2 to 1.9 (registered) dm12_19r.zip location: (1A) size: 918K * DOOM! 1.666 to 1.9 (registered) dm16_19r.zip location: (1A) size: 531K * DOOM! 1.666 to 1.9 (shareware) dm19spat.zip location: (1A) size: 519K * DOOM! 1.8 to 1.9 (registered) dm18_19r.zip location: (1A) size: 458K * DOOM! 1.8 to 1.9 (shareware) dms18_19.zip location: (1A) size: 89K * DOOM! 1.9 -> The Ultimate DOOM! 19_udpat.zip location: (1A) size: 1040K * DOOM! II 1.666 to 1.9 (german) 16_19d2g.zip location: (1A) size: 391K * DOOM! II 1.7a to 1.9 dm2_19pt.zip location: (1A) size: 424K * DOOM! II 1.7a doom2p.zip location: (1A) size: 149K * Dracula Unleashed 2.1 du21.zip location: (1A) size: 269K * Drug Wars save/restore fix ggdwfix.zip location: (1A) size: 172K * Duke Nukem 3D 1.1 (shareware) dn3d11pt.zip location: (1A) size: 602K * Duke Nukem 3D 1.1 to 1.3d (shareware) dnsw13pt.zip location: (1A) size: 1194K * Dune II 1.07 dune107.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 179K * Dune II PAS-fix (CD-version) duneup.zip location: (1A) size: 69K * Dune II sound-fix d2sound.zip location: (1A) size: 48K * Dungeon Master II sound-fix dm2up.zip location: (1A,8) size: 274K * EA Sports Cricket '96 (fix for 486sx machines) crk96sx.zip location: (1A,2) size: 647K * EA Sports Cricket '96 (fix for Trident VLB 9400 CXi videocard) c96trdnt.zip location: (1A,2) size: 323K * EF 2000 Midlife update 2.02 (french release) fpatef2.zip location: (1A) size: 2635K * EF 2000 Midlife update 2.02 (german release) dpatchef.zip location: (1A) size: 2651K * EF 2000 Midlife update 2.02 epatchef.zip location: (1A) size: 2651K * Eight Ball Deluxe/Royal Flush ATI Mach64-fix m64fix.zip location: (1A) size: 4K * El-Fish SVGA-update elfish.zip location: (1A,7) size: 1137K * Elder Scrolls: Arena 1.06 arupd6.zip location: (1A,9) size: 250K * Elite II: Frontier mining bug-fix elit2min.zip location: (1A) size: 10K * Empire Deluxe (for Windows) 3.11b ewu11b.zip location: (1A) size: 68K * Empire Deluxe 3.11a eddup11a.zip location: (1A) size: 506K * Empire II 1.00 to 1.01 e2dv101u.zip location: (1A) size: 209K * Entomorph 1.1 entov11.zip location: (1A) size: 47K * Epic Pinball 2.0 to 2.1 pinupd21.zip location: (1A,3C) size: 72K * Eye of the Beholder II 1.1 eob2_11.zip location: (1A) size: 129K * F-117A v3 to v4 f11704.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 94K * F-117A v3 f11703.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 355K * F-14 Fleet Defender Gold video update fdgvid.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 68K * F-14 Fleet Defender Tomcat 2.0 f14v20.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 468K * F-15 II, F-15 III, Red Storm Rising, M1-Tank Platoon (Pentium-fixes) p5upd.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 5K * F-15 Strike Eagle III v3 f15303.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 443K * F-16 Falcon 3.0.5 f305.zip location: (1A,5A,6B) size: 1240K * F-16 Falcon 3.0: Hornet 1.02 hor_102.zip location: (1A,5A,6B) size: 363K * F-16 Falcon 3.0: Mig-29 1.04 mi29_104.zip location: (1A,5A,6B) size: 586K * F-16 Falcon 3.0: Operation Fighting Tiger 1.01 oftpt1.zip location: (1A,5A,6B) size: 211K * F-16 Falcon Gold fix (for version 3.05 exclusively) 305fix.zip location: (1A,6B) size: 15K * Fantasy Empires 1.10 fe110.zip location: (1A) size: 647K * Fates of Twinion twnpat.zip location: (1A) size: 293K * FIFA International Soccer (fix for users with only 4meg RAM) fifa.zip location: (1A) size: 501K * Fighter Duel 1.0.45 (beta!) fdupdv1.zip location: (1A) size: 824K * Fighter Wing 1.0 to 2.0 (CD-version) fwcd20.zip location: (1A) size: 680K * Fighter Wing 2.0 fwdk20.zip location: (1A) size: 680K * Fighter Wing 64bit-Videocards VESA-fix fwngdrv2.zip location: (1A) size: 1K * Flight Commander II 1.04 flcom104.zip location: (1A) size: 221K * Flight Simulator 5.0a fs50a.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 1409K * Flight Unlimited (3D-Blaster update) fu3dpat.zip location: (1A) size: 915K * Flight Unlimited 2.4 fupat24.zip location: (1A) size: 825K * Flight Unlimited PAS-16 driver fu_pas16.zip location: (1A) size: 2K * Forgotten Realms: Unlimited Adventures 1.2 fruav12.zip location: (1A) size: 501K * Formula 1 Grand Prix 1.05 (italiano) f1gpit.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 896K * Formula 1 Grand Prix 1.05 f105ptci.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 895K * Front Lines 1.02 (CD-version) flcd102.zip location: (1A) size: 1255K * Front Lines 1.02 fldk102.zip location: (1A) size: 795K * Front Page Sports: Baseball '94 1.02 to 1.03 fpsbb103.zip location: (1A) size: 1183K * Front Page Sports: Baseball '94 1.02 fpsbb102.zip location: (1A) size: 899K * Front Page Sports: Football 1.02 fbpatch.zip location: (1A) size: 530K * Front Page Sports: Football Pro '95 1.0 to 1.03 fpsfb103.zip location: (1A) size: 1143K * Front Page Sports: Football Pro '96 1.01 fb96_101.zip location: (1A) size: 229K * Front Page Sports: Football Pro 1.01 fpropt.zip location: (1A) size: 179K * Front Page Sports: Football Pro '96 1.01 fb96_101.zip location: (1A) size: 229K * Frontier: First Encounters 1.0 to 1.05 (Euro-release) fep_v105.zip location: (1A) size: 1163K * Frontier: First Encounters 1.05 (Euro-release, CD-Version) fep_5dcd.zip location: (1A) size: 178K * Frontier: First Encounters 1.06 (german release) ffe106d.zip location: (1A) size: 767K * Frontier: First Encounters 1.06 CD-version (UK-release) ffe106ec.zip location: (1A) size: 759K * Gabriel Knight 1.0a (CD-version) gkcdpat.zip location: (1A) size: 573K * Gabriel Knight 1.0b gkpat10b.zip location: (1A) size: 371K * Gabriel Knight II 1.11 gk2pat11.zip location: (1A) size: 108K * Galactic Civilizations 1.07a gc107_a.zip location: (1A) size: 912K * Galactic Civilizations II 2.12a gc212a.zip location: (1A) size: 980K * Galactic Civilizations II 2.14 (beta!) gc214b.zip location: (1A) size: 982K * Ghostbusters II sound-fix gb2fx.zip location: (1A) size: 7K * Global Conquest 2.0 gcv20.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 233K * Global Domination 1.01 (modified version) globmod.zip location: (1A) size: 196K * Global Domination 1.01 glob101.zip location: (1A) size: 202K * Gobliiins (CD-version) sound-fix gob1cd.zip location: (1A) size: 81K * Gobliins II (CD-version) gob2cd.zip location: (1A) size: 107K * Gobliins II gob2dk.zip location: (1A) size: 113K * Grand Prix Manager 1.01 (UK-release) gpman101.zip location: (1A,6A,6B) size: 681K * Grand Prix Manager 1.01 (US-release) gpmus.zip location: (1A,6A,6B) size: 852K * Grand Prix Manager 1.01 (french release) gpmfre.zip location: (1A,6A,6B) size: 738K * Grand Prix Manager 1.01 (german release) gpmger.zip location: (1A,6A,6B size: 717K * Great Naval Battles II 1.1 gnb2v11.zip location: (1A) size: 569K * Great Naval Battles III 1.0 to 1.2 gnb10_12.zip location: (1A) size: 336K * Great Naval Battles III 1.1 to 1.2 gnb11_12.zip location: (1A) size: 331K * Great Naval Battles IV 1.1 gnb4v11.zip location: (1A) size: 527K * Great Naval Battles: North Atlantic 1939-43 1.2 gnb_12.zip location: (1A) size: 614K * Gunship 2000 v8.5 gs2v85.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 421K * Hammer of the Gods hog_up.zip location: (1A) size: 331K * Hardball IV updates hb4patch.zip location: (1A,4) size: 1114K * Hardball V (league of 1995) hb5lgd96.zip location: (1A,4) size: 84K * Hardball V 5.12 hball512.zip location: (1A,4) size: 574K * Harpoon 1.3x to 1.32a harp132a.zip location: (1A) size: 450K * Harpoon Classic 1.57a harp157a.zip location: (1A) size: 568K * Harpoon Classic for Windows 1.58a (+ latest scenario editor version) whrp158a.zip location: (1A) size: 854K * Harpoon II (Deluxe) 2.1.13 h2dpatch.zip location: (1A) size: 1281K * Harrier Jump Jet 2.40 (US-version) jjet240.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 342K * Harrier Jump Jet 2.41 (UK-version) jjupd.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 113K * Hell fix #2 (for PG-13 version only!) hellpg13.zip location: (1A) size: 853K * Hell fix for 512K graphic boards (uncensored v.) hell512k.zip location: (1A) size: 253K * Hell translation fixes (german release) hell_ger.zip location: (1A) size: 192K * Heretic 1.2 (registered) htic12r.zip location: (1A) size: 436K * Heretic 1.2 (shareware) htic12s.zip location: (1A) size: 574K * Heretic 1.2 to 1.3 (registered) htic13rp.zip location: (1A) size: 1411K * Heroes of Might and Magic 1.2 hpatch12.zip location: (1A) size: 552K * Hexen 1.0 to 1.1 (registered) hexn11rp.zip location: (1A) size: 890K * Hi-Octane upgrade {disk 1} hioctan1.zip location: (1A) size: 1423K * Hi-Octane upgrade {disk 2} hioctan2.zip location: (1A) size: 1421K * High Seas Trader 1.02 (CD-version) hstcd102.zip location: (1A) size: 408K * High Seas Trader 1.02 hstdk102.zip location: (1A) size: 408K * Hockey League Simulator II 1.12 h2v112.zip location: (1A,9) size: 131K * Hockey League Simulator II 1.14 (beta!) h2v114.zip location: (1A,9) size: 134K * Hocus Pocus 1.1 (registered) hppat_r.zip location: (1A,3B) size: 126K * Hoyle Book of Games II hoyle2.zip location: (1A) size: 1K * Hoyle Classic Card Games fix (1st april '93) hoylepat.zip location: (1A) size: 4K * Humans humpat.zip location: (1A) size: 51K * Inca (5th march '93) inca_pat.zip location: (1A) size: 1200K * Inca (CD-version, 4th august '95) incacdpt.zip location: (1A) size: 1218K * Indiana Jones IV: Fate of Atlantis fix for Pentiums (CD-version) fatecd.zip location: (1A,10) size: 149K * Indy's Desktop Adventures (installation update) indydesk.zip location: (1A,10) size: 36K * IndyCar Racing 1.04 (Euro-release, english) icr104e.zip location: (1A) size: 358K * IndyCar Racing 1.04 (Euro-release, french) icr104f.zip location: (1A) size: 358K * IndyCar Racing 1.04 (Euro-release, german) icr104g.zip location: (1A) size: 359K * IndyCar Racing 1.04 (Euro-release, italiano) icr104i.zip location: (1A) size: 358K * IndyCar Racing 1.04 (Euro-release, spanish) icr104s.zip location: (1A) size: 359K * IndyCar Racing 1.04 (US-release) icr104.zip location: (1A) size: 358K * IndyCar Racing expansion disks (corrupted files fix) icr_exp.zip location: (1A) size: 1K * Inherit the Earth install-fix instite.zip location: (1A) size: 40K * Inherit the Earth upgrade (CD-version) inheritcd.zip location: (1A) size: 278K * Iron Cross ic_patch.zip location: (1A) size: 565K * Island of Dr. Brain db2patch.zip location: (1A) size: 70K * Jack Nicklaus Signature Edition Golf jns_golf.zip location: (1A) size: 84K * Jack Nicklaus Unlimited Golf 1.51 ju_151.zip location: (1A) size: 244K * Jagged Alliance 1.11 (CD-version) ja111.zip location: (1A) size: 1353K * Journeyman Project II: Buried in Time 1.04 (Windows 3.1) bit31upd.zip location: (1A) size: 528K * Journeyman Project Turbo Non-english fix jmupdate.zip location: (1A) size: 189K * Jump Raven (Windows 95/NT fix) rave95.zip location: (1A) size: 176K * Kasparov's Gambit 1.1 kgptch.zip location: (1A) size: 1038K * Kingmaker 1.52 kingm152.zip location: (1A) size: 83K * Kings Quest IV kq4fix.zip location: (1A) size: 1K * Kings Quest V kq5fix.zip location: (1A) size: 53K * Kings Quest VI (CD-version, SVGA-fix) kq6cdhi.zip location: (1A) size: 75K * Kings Quest VII (3rd august '95 fix for version 1.4/1.5x) kq7pat.zip location: (1A) size: 69K * Klick & Play 1.1y knpup11.zip location: (1A,7) size: 783K * Knights of the Sky v2 kots.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 482K * Knights of Xentar 1.08a kox108a.zip location: (1A) size: 167K * Lands of Lore 1.02 (CD-version) lolcdpch.zip location: (1A) size: 192K * Lands of Lore 1.23 (french) lolfr123.zip location: (1A) size: 96K * Lands of Lore 1.23 (german) lolgr123.zip location: (1A) size: 95K * Lands of Lore 1.23 (UK-release) lolen123.zip location: (1A) size: 100K * Lands of Lore 1.23 (US-release) lolp123.zip location: (1A) size: 271K * Lands of Lore fix for Waveblaster lolwave.zip location: (1A) size: 1K * Last Dynasty (joystick-fix under Windows95) ldjoy.zip location: (1A) size: 501K * Legend of Kyrandia 1.30 kyrand13.zip location: (1A) size: 167K * Legend of Kyrandia II: Hand of Fate 1.40 hof1_40.zip location: (1A) size: 178K * Legions for Windows (Windows NT-fix) lgnpat.zip location: (1A) size: 51K * Leisure Suit Larry VI lsl6pat.zip location: (1A) size: 195K * Lightspeed v2 lsver02.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 138K * Links 1.62 link_162.zip location: (1A) size: 20K * Links386 1.21 links121.zip location: (1A) size: 444K * Links386 2.01 (CD-version) l386cd.zip location: (1A) size: 252K * Lion (fix for low memory) lion560.zip location: (1A) size: 224K * Live Action Football lafpatch.zip location: (1A,4) size: 77K * Locus ("Not enough low memory" fix) locusmem.zip location: (1A) size: 714K * Locus (CyberMaxx Head Mounted Display fix) locus_cp.zip location: (1A) size: 714K * Locus (Virtual I/O-Glasses fix) locus_vd.zip location: (1A) size: 217K * Loderunner for Windows (CD-version) lode_cd.zip location: (1A) size: 106K * Loderunner for Windows 1.3 lode1_3.zip location: (1A) size: 192K * Loom (Roland soundriver) loom_rol.zip location: (1A,10) size: 56K * Lords of Midnight III update 1 lom.zip location: (1A) size: 329K * Lords of the Realm 1.02 lotr102d.zip location: (1A) size: 252K * Lords of the Realm 1.03 (CD-version) lotr103c.zip location: (1A) size: 540K * Lost in Time (CD-version) litcd.zip location: (1A) size: 101K * Lucky's Casino Adventure 1.02 lca1_02.zip location: (1A) size: 189K * Lunicus (Windows 95/NT fix) luni95.zip location: (1A) size: 159K * M4 for Windows 1.04 m4v104.zip location: (1A) size: 494K * Maabus fixes maabus.zip location: (1A) size: 118K * Machiavelli the Prince 1.1 mach11.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 119K * Mad Dog McCree II soundblaster 16 fix maddog2b.zip location: (1A) size: 58K * Mad Dog McCree II soundblaster fix maddog2.zip location: (1A) size: 58K * Mad Dog McCree soundblaster 16 fix maddogb.zip location: (1A) size: 58K * Mad Dog McCree soundblaster fix maddog.zip location: (1A) size: 57K * Maelstrom 1.1 ml11.zip location: (1A) size: 121K * Magic Candle II 2.0 (VGA-only) mc2mse.zip location: (1A) size: 315K * Magic Candle III 1.16 mc3upb.zip location: (1A) size: 319K * Magic Carpet lvl.50 winning-conditions fix mclvl50.zip location: (1A,2) size: 200K * Magic Carpet Plus (missing maphack.exe) maphack.zip location: (1A,2) size: 112K * Maniac Mansion II: Day of the Tentacle (soundcard-upgrade) dottupd.zip location: (1A,10) size: 1244K * Maniac Mansion II: Day of the Tentacle fix for Pentiums (CD-version) dottcd.zip location: (1A,10) size: 128K * Mantis XF-5700 Experimental Fighter (SB Pro drivers) man_sbp.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 12K * Mantis XF-5700 Experimental Fighter update manupd.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 252K * Master of Magic 1.3.1 mom131.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 1464K * Master of Orion 1.3 moov13.zip location: (1A,3A,6A) size: 1328K * Mean Streets 1.4 meanst14.zip location: (1A) size: 77K * Mechwarrior II 1.1 mech2v11.zip location: (1A,3A) size: 645K * Megafortress fix megafi.zip location: (1A) size: 407K * Megarace fix for Packard Bell PCs megapb.zip location: (1A) size: 157K * Megarace sound-fix megafix1.zip location: (1A) size: 183K * Megatraveller II 1.04.2 mt2up.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 568K * Menzoberranzan 1.1 (CD-version) menzcd11.zip location: (1A) size: 136K * Menzoberranzan 1.1 menzdk11.zip location: (1A) size: 63K * Merchant Prince 1.1 merch11.zip location: (1A) size: 63K * Metal & Lace patch #1 (installation fix) mlpatch1.zip location: (1A) size: 1K * Metal & Lace 1.42 mlp142.zip location: (1A) size: 101K * Metaltech: Battledrome (Thrustmaster files) bdadv.zip location: (1A) size: 12K * Metaltech: Earthsiege 1.01 espat101.zip location: (1A) size: 650K * Metaltech: Earthsiege expansion pack fix esxpanpt.zip location: (1A) size: 338K * Microcosm 1.2 mcosm1_2.zip location: (1A) size: 346K * Microprose Greens (SB Pro drivers) grnsbp.zip location: (1A,6A) size: 4K * 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mvgs102.zip location: (1A) size: 53K * Mortal Kombat fix 1 (for SB-16) mkpat.zip location: (1A) size: 1162K * Myst Mwave sound-fix mystfix.zip location: (1A) size: 25K * Nascar Racing 1.21 nas121.zip location: (1A) size: 1023K * Navy Strike (new video drivers) navyup.zip location: (1A) size: 103K * NBA Live! 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/ +-----------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Gon - 70 centimeters are enough to conquer the world! / `------------------------------------------------------------' @START@TacOps Gazette 96.06 TacOps Gazette 96.06 [TacOps is a computer game for the Macintosh computer and for the PC (Windows only).] <<Have you given any thought to a squad level game, with each "piece" representing an individual soldier?>> No serious thought - primarily because so many other companies have already done or are developing that type of game. Atomic Games should be releasing such a game in the near feature (Close Combat) - I expect it to be a great game and I encourage you to take a look at it when it comes out. <<Anyone have any idea by what is meant by 'Improved ATGM warheads'. Are there plans to improve OPFOR's ATGM warheads?>> Basically it means warheads that are up to Western standards for their size - exotic charge liners, tandem warheads - in general more expensive and more modern ordnance technology. Improvements that OPFOR could reasonably make if OPFOR were willing and able to spend the time and money. The improved equipment for OPFOR is optional, but not using it makes for rather boring game play if the US player has any M1 tanks and it is hard to find a PBEM opponent willing to take the OPFOR side without the "good stuff" <g>. <<Recently I've come up with a tactic thater a "game trick". Basically what I do is establish a good TRP anywhere within 1 km of the intended target with several turns of spotted, adjusting fire, then shift fire onto the real target, which is usually not in my LOS. If left alone, the arty fires will drop one level in accuracy with each turn. However, if I shift back to the TRP and then shift to the target again on each turn, I can maintain level 4 accuracy on the unobserved target.>> I do not consider that to be a "game trick" - given the constraints of the current TacOps arty model. Use it with a clear conscience <g>. See what follows for the "why" of it. <<Is this at all realistic?>> Yes and no. The TacOps arty routines and arty combat results tables are "effect oriented" rather than "procedure oriented". The arty targeting and call for fire "procedures" in TacOps are not perfectly realistic - they were not meant to be. The TacOps design goal was for the responsiveness of indirect fire support to be realistic and for its effects on target to be realistic - when averaged over the course of several turns. <<Can an artillery unit consistently hit a registered TRP even if there is no longer a forward observer monitoring the fires?>> In the real world, yes - in TacOps, no. In the real world, modern arty salvos do not wander around significantly until the gunners change the firing settings on the tubes or on the ammo (assuming that the guns are properly emplaced on dry/firm ground). Unobserved arty salvos wander around in TacOps because the game engine assumes that if you as the TacOps player are directing your arty to lay on an unobserved target then your "virtual arty gunners" are changing the firing settings with each salvo so as to cover more ground so as to have a better chance of hitting a target that "your virtual troops" can not in fact observe. <<The US Air Strikes are almost always shot down (75 % +) once the bad guys get their SAM`s deployed in the right 1/3 of the map. As an very old USAF guy it seems to me that is unrealistic for hand held AA weapons.>> I don't think it is unrealistic for today's weapons vs low level attacks. Although the game often shows aircraft as being "shot down" by hand held SAMs it would probably be more realistic to consider them as having been damaged or discouraged to the point where they had to/chose to leave the battle area. <<As an old Air Force trooper I am disappointed in the air support. I keep losing most of my incoming strikes before they can do any damage. Am I doing anything wrong(probably at this point in my learning curve)? Any help here would be appreciated.>> You probably are not doing anything wrong. TacOps was designed to be a very hostile air environment. TacOps assumes that both sides have good medium and high altitude SAM coverage so the game currently models only low level air to ground attack. Most TacOps scenarios feature OPFOR formations that have a portable SAM in every platoon. The combination of these factors makes for a very hostile air environment. In most TacOps scenarios it will be difficult to get effective air strikes unless (1) you launch several missions in the same minute so as to provide more targets than the air defense can cope with or (2) you wait to use your air support late in a game after OPFOR (especially the SAMs) has been heavily attrited. Also, if you are sending air strikes against large concentrations of tanks and APCs and you are not suppressing those formations with arty and you are not smoking units near but not in the target area during the turns leading up to the airstrike then you are also dealing with dozens of turret mounted heavy machine guns (suppression silences them as well as local SAMs). The heavy machine guns have less than a 1% chance of discouraging an airstrike, but if you are facing several dozen, that % starts to add up to a significant number. Some game design philosophy... TacOps does not model unconstrained air power because unconstrained air power in a tactical level game would guarantee victory to the side that had it - there would be no "game" to the game play. Tactical air support is far more effective in real life than what seems to be shown by TacOps. The real world effectiveness of tactical air support is so great that it creates a serious problem in designing a tactical level, ground oriented game. If one side or the other has plenty of tactical air support and if the tactical environment is such that those assets are free to roam the battle area at the altitude of their choice then (1) that side is going to win any tactical ground engagement and (2) there will be no incentive to employ ground assets in any role other than merely locating the enemy. In other words - a dead boring ground ops game <g>. The focus of TacOps is ground ops. Since aircraft do not usually play a critical role in TacOps scenarios, the air support routines are very generalized. Aircraft are assumed to have executed an approach to target that gave them a reasonable chance both of hitting the target and of escaping effective ground observation and fire prior to the target. The scenarios do not generally contain aircraft in great quantities because in a tactical game if only one side has great air power the other side is guaranteed to lose and if both sides have significant air power then the game deteriorates into just hiding from aircraft. Such a game would be boring. I do have an item on the wish list to add the clicking of a map entry point and an attack path for aircraft to and from a ground target, but I don't know when I will get to it. The motivation for that change is not so much to increase the fidelity of the air play but rather to increase the fidelity of the ground SAM anti air play. Increasing the fidelity of the air play gets real complex real quick and would add greatly to the users workload when you consider all the variables involved in having the user specify the attack profile, bomb load, speed, height and angle of release, etc. and then all the game engine ripple effects of the variables of the different attack profiles on the response from ground to air weapons. The most likely result of having a skilled user do all that would be that he would end up with the same result over the target that the game now provides <g>. <<I know how insistent you are about this being a *tactical* game. I appreciate this approach but cannot figure out why there are no A10's. Seems of all the available fixed-wing aircraft in the US arsenal, these are the most "tactical" in nature.>> There are two considerations on my putting A10s into TacOps ... a. The main problem is that the A10 is unlike other fixed wing aircraft and it is unlike helos. Neither set of program routines are appropriate to simulating it. Requires a new targeting approach and huge blocks of new code. Don't know when I'll be able to get to it. b. There is also a gaming or play balance consideration to the A10. A couple of A10s firing Mavericks at an 8 km standoff would tend to produce a turkey shoot in a tactical level game, as would A10 strafing runs in a permissive environment. <<It would be nice if a single click on a unit marker only resulted in the display of that unit's information line; a double click would be necessary to give orders.>> My main goal in interface design is to link the easiest mouse and keyboard commands to the most frequently done user actions. The two most frequent actions required from a user in TacOps are (1) clicking movement points on the map and (2) opening unit orders windows. The number of occurrences per game of a user opening a unit info window is way behind the number of times that he will open a unit orders window. Clicking the mouse one time is less work than clicking it twice - therefore in my opinion a single click should be reserved for opening the unit orders window. <<The LOS feature is awkward. I read in the Gazette how slow you said it would be for a click on a single point to reveal all visible areas. How about at the end of each turn, all obscured areas be overlayed with gray? If one wanted to see which units were observing a particular point, the player could then employ the existent LOS feature. Otherwise, the player would still have a general awareness of blind spots, an awareness which seems very realistic. Moreover, the whole calculation would be handled in one go and would not impede the order's phase.>> An example of what you are asking for. Map15 measures 1556 x 664 pixels - that means there are (worst case) over one million pixels (1,033,184) to be checked for a "total map" line of sight check. Task Force Nankervis has 167 US unit markers in it - if the US player breaks down no units. So we start checking the map to find and highlight in some manner every blind spot (i.e. a place on the map that no US unit has a line of sight to) ... we start with pixel h0 v0 in the upper left corner of the map ... in this case a line of sight check between one US unit and pixel h0 v0 involves checking a one pixel wide line from the center point of the unit to pixel h0 v0 - if the unit happened to be 4000 meters from pixel h0 v0 then there would be about 400 pixels in the line, however it happens that I can check the line of sight by only sampling every 10th pixel in that line so in fact checking the LOS for that unit would involve checking a mere 40 pixels between the unit's center and pixel h0 v0 - so worst case we do a check like this 167 times to pixel h0 v0 - once per each US unit ... if no US unit can see pixel h0 v0 then we color that pixel in some way ... cool, only 1,033,184 pixels times 167 units times 0 to 40 subchecks to go until we get to pixel h1556 v664. Now some of the checks will not have to go the whole route due to things like an infantry unit inside an APC gmpletely because it can not see out of the APC, or a unit is totally surrounded by woods or town, or because it is more than 4000 meters from the pixel being checked and therefore can't see it regardless of LOS. Still, the whole process for a large scenario is still going to amount to at least a hundred million checks with each check consisting of dozens to hundreds of CPU steps/code actions. Best regards, Major H majorh1@aol.com @START@BC3K Press Release BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. GOOD THINGS COME TO THOSE WHO WAIT! Take 2 Interactive Software announces final changes to legendary PC title New York, NY, May 15, 1996 - TAKE 2 INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE announced today its intentions to make the final updates to the long awaited PC title BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. After 5 years of product development and numerous technological advances, both TAKE 2 and the project's founder and lead designer, Derek Smart, have decided to collaborate in taking one last step to complete the PC mega-game for a September 1996 release. The two parties have agreed to assign TAKE 2 development teams to work closely with Smart in addressing a number of different areas, including audio and visual portions of the game, quality assurance testing, and final product wrap-up. These last few adjustments should make BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. a long awaited release that actually meets its lofty expectations. BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. will be distributed under TAKE 2's current distribution agreement with ACCLAIM ENTERTAINMENT (NASDAQ: AKLM). This recently formed agreement has already produced the current hit RIPPER and the eagerly anticipated Advanced Dungeon & Dragon's IRON & BLOOD, scheduled for a September release on the Sony PlayStation, with additional PC CD-ROM, Sega Saturn, and 3DO M2 platform versions planned for later this fall. Take 2 anticipates BATTLECRUISER to be its most substantial release to date, with a planned roll out of 200,000 units worldwide. In what is one of the most complex and advanced PC game projects ever undertaken, TAKE 2 has decided to focus its resources on some of the more artistic aspects of the game. "One of the last areas of focus is going to be an overall update to the visuals in the game, ranging from background art, to aircraft texture-mapping, to the cinematic sequences," stated TAKE 2 President Mark Seremet. "Derek has done such an incredible job creating the AI (Artificial Intelligence) for BATTLECRUISER over the past few years, that we thought our resources could be used most efficiently by assigning a team of artists to step in and lend a hand, thereby helping in making the game everything the public expects it to be," Seremet continued. In conjunction with the visual upgrades, TAKE 2 plans to devote hundreds of man hours just to the quality assurance testing of the game. "With a game as complex and diverse as BATTLECRUISER, the game testing and debugging portion of the development cycle becomes particularly important to ensure that the consumers get a bug-free product," explained TAKE 2 CEO Ryan Brant. 3000AD President and BATTLECRUISER lead developer Derek Smart added, "I believe that the collaboration of both the 3000AD and Take 2 teams will bring this game to the conclusion I had in mind when I first designed it." Smart continued, "With the testing and graphics experience of the Take 2 team, I truly believe that BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. will now have the critical elements it has been missing throughout these years." In addition to contributing a team of artists and game testers to the project, TAKE 2 has also decided to make some final adjustments to the audio portions of the game. "We are planning to re-write the entire script and re-record all sound samples before the game's release, as most of it was done early on in the project's existence, Seremet added. In all, TAKE 2 has assigned 12 of its employees to work exclusively with Derek Smart on the project. This, they feel, will ensure that the product is brought to market once and for all, at a level of quality that befits an award-winning, ground-breaking advance billing. BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. promises to be one of the most in depth and complex simulations to ever hit the entertainment software market. At the heart of this complexity lies the first ever neural net, which controls the game's artificial intelligence (AI), used for an entertainment software title. The neural net is such that in real time, the entire game and all of its elements lives and is free form. Adding to the depth of the game is the fact that, in effect, BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. is three games in one. BATTLECRUISER combines vast elements of strategic conquest and resource management, an advanced space-flight simulator, and a lightning fast ground-based combat simulator. The BATTLECRUISER galaxy comes to life via a true 3D polygon world complete with texture maps, light source, gouraud and phong shading, all interleaved with breathtaking rendered cinematic sequences, digitized sound effects, an original music score, and fully supported SVGA graphics. BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. can be played in one of three different modes of play: x-treme carnagemode, advanced campaign mode, and the free flight mode. The x-treme carnage mode is primarily used for training, but can also serve the function of fast-paced hard core arcade action. This will provide the green commander with the necessary training he/she will need to enter the "real world" side of the game. The advanced campaign mode is designed for the experienced commander and provides him/her with full freedom and decision making power. The advanced campaign mode is a non mission driven mode allowing for extensive replayability. Finally, there is the free flight mode, which allows the player to create his/her own missions and objectives, and gives the game a more linear direction. BATTLECRUISER 3000 A.D. was developed by 3000 A.D., Inc. and will be released for PC CD-ROM (SRP $79.95) in September 1996. TAKE 2 INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE is a multimedia developer and publisher specializing in entertainment products for IBM (and compatibles), Macintosh, and next generation set-top platforms. TAKE 2 is headquartered in New York City, with development offices and studios in Latrobe, PA. Take 2's recent award-winning titles include: RIPPER, MILLENNIA: ALTERED DESTINIES, HELL: A CYBERPUNK THRILLER, and STAR CRUSADER. Visit Take 2's web site at http://www.take2games.com/ Sony PlayStation is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment of America. Sega Saturn is a trademark of Sega Enterprises, Ltd. ADVANCED DUNGEONS & DRAGONS, AD&D, IRON & BLOOD AND RAVENLOFT are trademarks owned by TSR, Inc. and used under license @START@SILENT HUNTER v1.01 Patch Available SportsFans: Got on to compu$erve after seeing a post by another alert gamer that a patch is out for SH... found two sfx's and it's a little confusing which one is the final interim patch according to the info on CS so I'm dropped the two of them on our site at work and I'll let you guys try and figure it out altho it looks like the first one has the latest readme and I'll include that readme here to give you an idea what the patch does... - Rmk ============================================ FTP Site: ftp.geod.emr.ca /pub/MSDOS/games ============================================ ZIP File List for: sh-v101.exe Length Method Size Ratio Date Time CRC-32 Name -------- -------- -------- ----- -------- ----------- -------- ------- 2337 Deflate 1178 50% 1-06-96 2:39:48 pm 48708653 readme.101 1422915 Deflate 682571 52% 23-05-96 10:02:22 pm a60df8d5 sh.exe -------- -------- ----- ------- 1425252 683749 52% 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZIP File List for: silent.exe Length Method Size Ratio Date Time CRC-32 Name -------- -------- -------- ----- -------- ----------- -------- ------- 1422915 Deflate 683857 52% 23-05-96 10:02:22 pm a60df8d5 sh.exe 2493 Deflate 1267 50% 24-05-96 10:22:32 am 1f5fc5bf readme.txt -------- -------- ----- ------- 1425408 685124 52% 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ File: readme.101 ] ------------------------------------- V1.01 05/24/96 Initial Patch 1) Hot key bug on scope ID Book N and T keys now work on periscope screen 2) Compressed air usage bug Compressed air not used during normal depth changes 3) Crew quality update in career changed GREEN: 2 patrols VETERAN: 3-5 patrols ELITE: 6+ patrols A new boat will cause an ELITE crew to fall back to VETERAN, but if player has a VETERAN crew, the rating will remain the same. 4) Text error on homeport screen "Task Force 42" was displayed as "k Force 42". This is fixed 5) Hot key for calendar ALT-F10 now takes player to calendar screen 6) Weather conditions underwater/sailing model Surface sea conditions now effect underwater performance to a depth of about 80 feet. Surface conditions gradually have less effect the deeper the boat is. On NOVICE sailing model, sea conditions have no effect on sub performance. On INTERMEDIATE sailing model, sea effects are less severe than REALISTIC. 7) Depth change keys reset time compression
