PC Online 1998 September/PCO_0998.ISO/filesbbs/os2/fm2_300.arj/FM2_300.ZIP/fm3.hlp

OS/2 Help File | 1998-07-28 | 404.6 KB | 5,561 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. How to use FM/2's help (Read me first!) ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The best way to use FM/2's help, which is basically a hypertext document, is to
look at the Contents (which you'll get if you press Ctrl + F1 at the main
window -- it may help you to maximize it within the help window).  The Contents
view of a help file is something like the Table of Contents in a book, with
each major topic representing a chapter.  Some topics have a "+" sign beside
them to indicate that there are subtopics available in a hierarchal inverted
tree structure; click the "+" and they'll be revealed.

The help sometimes has hypertext links shown in a different color, like the
words "Context menu" a few paragraphs below.  You can select these links to
switch to a different topic related to the highlighted word(s). In this way you
can browse through the help, moving from topic to topic as you feel the need
for more specific help.  The Previous button (or the Escape key) will move
backwards through the hypertext links you've followed.

To find something on a specific topic, click the Search button at the bottom of
the help window and enter some text.  This might be analogous to the index at
the back of a book (although the help manager also provides an "index" of its
own, which is something like the Contents window with the hierarchy removed --
difficult to browse, in my opinion).

A couple of Search examples to give you the feel of the process:

To find out about changing a volume label, enter "Label" as the "Search for:"
text, check the "All sections" checkbox, then press [Enter].

To find out how to open a new FM/2 window, enter "Open" as the "Search for:"
text, check the "All sections" checkbox, then press [Enter].

If you'd like a printout of any of the topics in the online help, click the
Print button at the bottom of the help window.  The Context menu help topic
would probably be a good one to print out.  Gives you something to read in the
john. Remember that you can also use the FM/2 Online Help icon in the FM/2
folder to view the help without starting FM/2 itself.

If you're stuck in a dialog, click that dialog's Help button.  That will
usually take you directly to appropriate help.  One note of caution: if you
call up help for a dialog, be sure to dismiss the help before dismissing the
dialog.  Many of the dialogs run in threads other than thread 1 (the main
thread), and there's a long-standing OS/2 bug that causes weird behavior if you
do it the other way around to a dialog run in a thread other than thread 1.
Trust me.

So, if you're totally new to FM/2, how to get started? First, run the OS/2
Tutorial if you need help on the basics of using a mouse in general or using
one with OS/2 in particular.  Next, read the help section titled Terminology so
we'll understand each other a bit better.  If you're still nervous about OS/2
conventions, try FM/2's Tutorial topic for real hand-holding. Get an overview
of some important FM/2 windows in the Window layouts topic.  Then plunge into
the General Help topic to find out how to look at, Move, Copy, Rename and
Compare files and directories (the basics). That will get you started, and
we'll give you hints along the way about other places you might like to look
(like Hints :-) when you're ready.  The previously mentioned Context menus
topic will give you an overview of all the commands available in FM/2 (and
there are a lot of commands you can use).

Since some folks are at first overwhelmed by FM/2's configurability, take a
look in the internal Settings notebook (accessible under the Config menu),
specifically at the Quick page.  There you'll see a few "standard"
configurations you can try out to perhaps get an idea of the range of
appearance and performance you can get out of FM/2 via the Settings notebook
and Config menu.

Command line help is in the READ.ME file that accompanied the archive, since
you should have read that before trying to start FM/2. You did, didn't you?

There is one thing you should keep in mind about FM/2.  FM/2 is extremely
powerful and has a lot of features, but you don't have to use or even know them
all.  Most people will use only a few of FM/2's features on a regular basis
(and not everyone will use the same combination), and that's fine -- find what
works best for you and use it.  If you find yourself needing some other
feature, call up the help, find it, and use it -- it'll be there whenever you
need it.  But don't feel that, somehow, by not using every little nook and
cranny of the program that you're missing out on something.  The idea is to use
what you need; pick your tools from the arsenal and get some work done.

On the other hand, always assume that there's a way to do what you want with
FM/2 (chances are good that there is), and ask the help window to Search for
it.  If you can't find it there, drop me a line.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. FM/2 Window Layouts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Here's the main FM/2 window in all its glory (everything turned on):

Note:  You can turn optional windows and controls on and off.  Pick the ones
you like, get the others out of your way (see the Config menu).  Surely no one
uses all of them at the same time... The autoview window, bottom buttons,
quicklists, toolbar, drive buttons, status line #2, and even the pulldown menu
can all be turned on and off as desired.

Miscellaneous notes:

Minimized Directory Containers can be used as drag and drop targets.

The Name, Date/Time, and Attributes bottom buttons display information about
the current object as well as activate commands when clicked.

The Toolboxes quicklist only appears when the Toolbar is visible (see Using
quicklists topic).

Status bar #1 can be clicked to shift the focus to FM/2 without activating any
commands.  In addition, if the Drive tree is the active window within FM/2's
monolithic window, the Swapfile and memory available indicators in Status bar
#2 will be immediately updated (otherwise they update about once every ten
seconds).

You can get information on most parts of the window just by moving the mouse
pointer over the part of interest (unless you've turned off bubble help in the
internal Settings notebook).  For help with the quicklists, which don't have
bubble help, see this topic.


Here's a Directory Container window in more detail:

Here's FM/2 Lite with an explanation of the things that are unique to it
(except for the Alt-click to change sort in Details view -- that works in FM/2,
too).  The toolbar and Autoview windows have been turned off to unclutter this
illustration.

Note that the current window, which would be affected by a pulldown menu
command, is surrounded by a light red border.  In this case, it's the Drive
Tree, so the Directory Container, or pane, that would change if a directory
were double-clicked in the Tree is surrounded by a darker red border.  This
color coding gives you instant feedback as to how the commands you select will
work.


Here's a look at the text file viewer window -- the default text file viewer
built into FM/2 that you get when you double-click a text file in a Directory
container (you can configure a different one if you like):

Here's how the window looks if you double-click some lines of text: Here we've
used the bookmark listbox (which we filled by double-clicking some lines of
text) to make an index for the document being read, to enable us to move to
different sections quickly.  See the Internal viewer topic for more
information.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. General Help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2's main purpose is to show you what's on your file system and let you
sling what's there around.

Here we'll cover the basics.  Some familiarity with OS/2's WPS (WorkPlace
Shell) is assumed.  If you need refreshing, run the OS/2 Tutorial.  It's also
assumed that you've already read the How to use FM/2's help and Terminology
topics.  If you feel that you need more in-depth help when we're through with
this topic, try FM/2's Tutorial topic.

There are several ways to view a directory with FM/2, just as there are with
the WPS.  Icon, Name, Text and Details views all offer different perspectives
into the directory being "looked at" (see Terminology).  Views showing icons
can use full-sized icons or smaller "mini-icons" to save space.

Details view can show a great deal of information about file system objects,
and you can customize what is shown with the Details Setup submenu (under the
Views menu or a Directory Container window's context menu).

You can also place some limits on the amount of detail that FM/2 loads from the
file system with the Toggles page of the Settings notebook.  This can speed up
FM/2's scanning of directories but can also make for duller screens and less
information being presented to you.  My advice to you is to enjoy the bells and
whistles OS/2 and PM provide.

Take a moment to set up the look of your Directory Container windows to match
your taste -- everyone likes something different.  Then meet me back here and
we'll talk about manipulating those objects you see...


As we talk about manipulating objects, keep firmly in mind the concepts of
"current object" and "highlighted objects". The current object is the one on
which commands act (it has the dotted outline around it).  If the current
object is also highlighted, all highlighted objects will be affected.

Renaming file system objects: The simplest way to rename a file system object
is to point at it with the mouse pointer, hold down the ALT key, and click the
text of its name. OS/2 produces a mini MLE text entry field where you can type
in a new name (this is Direct Editing).  When finished, click the object and a
rename is performed.  Note that you can even move the object to another
directory when you do this.  (Also note that in Details view you can
direct-edit the Subject field to change an object's Subject, and the Longname
field to change an object's Longname on FAT drives.)

Using this method will not allow you to overwrite an existing file.  You can
use drag and drop (as detailed below for Move) or the menu command Rename or
the toolbar to allow overwriting.

If you'd like more detail, go to the Rename tutorial.
Moving file system objects:
There are several ways to move a file system object.  The best and most
intuitive is drag and drop.  Using this method, you "grab" the file system
object by pressing and holding B2 while the mouse pointer is over the object,
then begin to move the mouse (still holding B2).  The object's icon should
begin to move with the mouse pointer. "Drag" this icon to where you want to
move it (for instance, if you want to move a file from C:\ to D:\, drag the
file to the Drive Tree's D:\ object).  When the object is where you want it,
release B2 and the move is done.

When dragging an object into a Directory Container, remember that to place it
into the directory into which the Directory Container "looks" you need to drop
it on container "whitespace" (a part of the container not occupied by an
object).  For convenience, the two large status areas at the top of the
container are considered whitespace.

If you get confused when dragging object(s), press the F1 key.  This will give
you some information about what you're doing.  Pressing the Escape key will
abort the drag.

Note that you can't move a file or directory onto another file (except for
archive targets), only into a directory (moving into container whitespace in a
Directory Container window is the same as moving into the directory the
Directory Container "looks" into, and a minimized Directory Container window is
"all whitespace").  Also note that the object you grab becomes the current
object, and if it's also highlighted you'll drag all highlighted objects
(you'll see visual feedback to this effect).

You could, of course, also select "Move" from the Files menu or a context menu,
or click the Move toolbar button, or type the accelerator key Ctrl + m (hold
the control key down and type "m").  In this case, you'll get the Walk
Directories dialog where you can enter a target directory.

If you'd like more detail, go to the Move tutorial.
Copying file system objects:
The procedure for copying file system objects is very similar to that for
moving them.  When you begin to drag the object, and until you release it, hold
down the control (Ctrl) key.  You'll notice that the dragged icon is "ghosted"
to give visual feedback that a copy, not a move, is being performed.  Note that
you can copy a file onto an archive file as well as into a directory.  You can
also "clone" a file by dropping it into the directory where it already resides
-- you'll get a rename dialog that will allow you to change the name, creating
a file exactly like the other with a different name.

As for move above, there is a "Copy" menu item and a toolbar button, and Ctrl +
c is the accelerator key.

If you'd like more detail, go to the Copy tutorial.
Comparing file system objects: There is one other type of drag and drop
operation called a "link drag." To link drag, hold down the Ctrl and Shift keys
while dragging. You'll see a "rubber band line" extend from where you grabbed
the icon to the mouse pointer as a visual cue.  Link dragging is usually used
within FM/2 to do compare operations (see also Link Sets Icon toggle). What you
drag will be compared to what you drop it on.  Note, however, that if you drag
to a WPS object (like the desktop or other folder), OS/2's version of a link
drag is performed, which usually results in a shadow object being created. If
you'd like more detail, go to the Compare tutorial.


Double-clicking an object in a Directory Container window causes a default
action to take place.  What that action is depends on the type of object and
how you've configured FM/2.  Briefly, the FM/2 defaults (which you can
override) cause the object to be opened in the most likely manner.  You can
read about this in more detail here in the tutorial section.

Other commands are accessed via pulldown or context menu commands or toolbar
buttons.  You can read about them by selecting the highlighted words "context
menu" in this paragraph.  FM/2 also offers several general utilities and many
configuration options which you may want to explore. But you now know how to
perform the file system maintenance basics: Move, Copy, Rename and Compare.
You are now, as the Smothers Brothers said, educated.

For more specific information on FM/2, click the Contents button at the bottom
of the help window.  If you're still confused on the basics, try the FM/2
Tutorial topic.  You might also want to look at the Opening a Directory
Container, Using quicklists and Window layout topics.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Opening a Directory Container ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 There are several ways to open a Directory Container.

The most common is to double-click a directory in the Drive Tree.  If no
Directory Container windows are open, one is created.  If one or more Directory
Container windows are already open, hold down the Shift key while
double-clicking (see picture below) -- otherwise the default action is to
switch the most recently used Directory Container to the new directory rather
than open a new one.

An alternative is to click the Open button in the Drive Tree's titlebar (see
location indicated by the mouse pointer in the snapshot below). This opens a
window for the directory highlighted in the Drive Tree.

Another alternative is to select the Open->New FM/2 Window command from the
Files menu with the Drive Tree active, or (preferred) a context menu obtained
on the directory you want to open (remember, you get a context menu by clicking
mouse button 2 on an object).

Yet another alternative is to invoke the Utilities->Open Directory Container
command (Ctrl + O accelerator -- remember, that "O" needs to be uppercase, so
Shift if necessary).  Using this command invokes the  Walk Directories dialog
and lets you pick the directory to open. The Walk (walking dude) button near
the bottom right corner of the FM/2 window also invokes this command.  You can
even drag a file system object onto this button to open a new Directory
Container for that object's directory.

Finally, if you have the Drivebar toggled on (see the Config menu topic) and a
3-button mouse, you can click B3 (or hold down Ctrl while clicking B2) on one
of the drive icons to open a Directory Container for that drive (unless one
already exists, in which case it'll be surfaced and activated).

Now, if that's not enough ways to open a Directory Container, I give up -- go
on back to Windoze and the Billy-mandated one way.  :-)

You can also open directories from their objects in a Directory Container via
context menu, Files menu or using the Shift modifier while double-clicking.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Using quicklists ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2's optional quickists (dropdown combo boxes) provide quick access to:

o Drives in the Drive Tree.
o Saved states.
o User-defined commands
o Often used directories you've configured (see Walk Directories dialog).
o Toolboxes (if the Toolbar's on).


You turn the quicklists on and off using the Config->Toggle quicklists command
(F8 accelerator).

The first list (starting from the left) contains drives.  If you select a drive
from the list, the Drive Tree scrolls to that drive and makes it the current
object in the Drive Tree.  This can be handy when you have the tree expanded
and don't want to collapse it.  This list is readonly.


The second list is the State list, containing the names of saved States of the
FM/2 window (what directories are open, where the windows are located, etc.).
You can add to this list by typing a name into the entry field, requesting a
context menu on the entry field, then selecting Save State as name from the
context menu.  FM/2 will save its current State under that name for later
recall. This can be handy if you have different setups that you use frequently,
as you can save and recall them when you need them rather than opening
containers and setting them up to point at the directories you want and
positioning them where you want each time.  For example, let's say you're
connected to a LAN and have a BBS system running.  You might want one State set
up specifically for dealing with the LAN, one set up specifically for
maintaining the BBS, and another (or few) for general work.  Once you've set
FM/2 up in each of these conditions and saved the State under an easy-to-recall
name, you can quickly move from State to State using the State list.  You'll
find this much faster and more flexible than the way DOS-think file managers do
things.

To "edit" a State, first recall it, then change what you want, then delete the
State name, then save it again.

Holding down the Shift key while selecting a state name prevents FM/2 from
closing windows that are already open.


The third list is the user-defined commands list.  User-defined commands allow
you to extend FM/2 with commands of your own devising.  You can add, change and
delete commands with the Config->Edit Commands menu item (or click B2 on the
list).


The fourth list is the commonly used directory list.  You can add a directory
to this list as above; type in the name, select Add pathname from a context
menu. You can also drag the pathname from the entry field (you'll be dragging
the directory itself), or drag an object onto the control to add it to the
list.  For example, if you have a Directory Container open and decide it'd be
nice to have the directory name in this list, start a drag in the large status
box at the top of the Directory Container (just to the right of the Folder
button) and drop the dragged folder on this list.

Selecting a directory name from the list results in FM/2 opening a new
Directory Container for that path (hold down the Shift key while selecting the
path to cause the current Directory Container to switch instead).  You can
reverse this action with the Quicklist switches toggle in the Settings
Notebook.  In addition, the Recent Dirs toggle can be used to cause FM/2 to
automatically add temporary entries for directories that you visit during a
session.  You can add them as above to make them permanent if you desire.

Selecting the <New directory> item from this list allows you to create a new
directory (same as using the Ctrl + M accelerator key).

The commonly used directory list, in combination with the State list, allows
you to quickly place FM/2 into precisely the configuration you need to get real
work done.


The last list (only present if the Toolbar is on) is a list of Toolboxes. You
can select one from the list.  FM/2 automatically maintains this list for you.
Initially, the saved toolbox names are read in from disk (the FM/2 directory),
and any you subsequently save are added to it on the fly.  The FM/2 archive
includes a few Toolboxes for you to look at and customize if you'd like.

You can use the font and color palettes to set the colors and fonts used in
these windows.  Note that you must set the entry field and listbox components
separately.  To set the listbox component, drop onto the button, not the entry
field.

The Interface (list-and-arrow) button at the bottom right corner of the FM/2
window toggles the quicklists on and off.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. Tutorials ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This tutorial section is provided for the complete novice.  If you already know
how to use OS/2's WPS in general and have used other OS/2 PM applications, you
probably don't need this tutorial.  Go forth and be productive.

This tutorial addresses the most often used commands in FM/2 -- the only
commands that most "file managers" provide.  There are, of course, many more
commands available in FM/2.  However, once you have the methodology for these
basic commands mastered, other commands are easy to use.  Of course, if you're
totally new to OS/2 PM and WPS, you should first run the OS/2 tutorial.  I'm
not kidding -- PM programs have similar user interfaces, and it all begins with
the WPS, so the OS/2 tutorial is a must for the new OS/2 user to begin
understanding all his applications.

Plesae pick a topic:

Rename
Move
Copy
Compare
View
Open
Delete
Make directory
Create archive
Extract from archive
Double-click actions
Using context menus


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.1. Context menu tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To request a context menu, first point the mouse arrow at an object. Then click
mouse button 2 (B2, usually the right button).  A context menu will then
appear, if available.

The Files menu is a "shadow" of the context menu that would be shown if one
were requested over the current object. Keyboard-only users can use the Files
menu instead of context menus.  But stop being unproductively stubborn, get a
pointing device. :-)

The Views menu is a "shadow" of the context menu that would be shown if one
were requested over whitespace in the current window.

To make things a little clearer to users who haven't used OS/2's WPS before,
take a look at the following three pictures: A context menu that applies to one
item.  The mouse arrow still points at the object on which the menu was
requested -- that is the object that will be affected by the command selected
from the menu.  You can see the dotted outline with rounded corners around the
object. A context menu that applies to several items.  The mouse arrow still
points at the object on which the menu was requested -- since it is
highlighted, all highlighted objects will be affected by the command selected
from the menu. A context menu that applies to a container as a whole.  The menu
was requested over container whitespace (an empty part of the container), not
over any of the objects that it contains.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2. Rename tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Please select a method to learn about:

Direct editing
Drag and drop
Keystrokes


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2.1. Rename by direct editing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To rename a file system object, hold down the Alt key and click on the object's
name with mouse button 1 (B1, usually the left button).  The entire pathname of
the object appears in a framed control known as an MLE.  You'll initially be
located at the start of the filename with the filename (excluding the path)
highlighted (ready to be replaced by whatever you type).  The usual editing
keys work (arrows, home, end, insert, delete, etc.).

Type in the new name, then click the file system object again.  FM/2 renames
the object and updates the display.

You can abort the rename by pressing the ESCape key.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2.2. Rename by drag and drop ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To invoke a rename using drag and drop, "grab" a file system object with the
mouse by placing the mouse pointer on top of the object and depressing and
holding mouse button 2 (B2, usually the right button). Still holding B2, "drag"
the object to some whitespace (unoccupied space in the Directory Container -- a
blank area) and then release B2.  The Rename dialog will then appear and you
can enter a new name for the object.

You can abort a drag and drop action by pressing the ESCape key.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2.3. Rename by keystrokes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Place the dotted cursor on the object you want to rename (make it the current
object).  Press Ctrl + r, the accelerator key for the Rename command, or pick
"Rename" from the Files menu.

The Rename dialog will then appear and you can enter a new name for the object.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3. Move tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Please select a method to learn about:

Direct editing
Drag and drop
Keystrokes


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3.1. Move by direct editing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To move a file system object, hold down the Alt key and click on the object's
name with mouse button 1 (B1, usually the left button).  The entire pathname of
the object appears in a framed control known as an MLE.  You'll initially be
located at the start of the pathname.  Type in the new pathname, then click the
file system object again.  FM/2 moves the object and updates the display.

You can abort the move by pressing the ESCape key.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3.2. Move by drag and drop ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To move a file system object using drag and drop, "grab" a file system object
with the mouse by placing the mouse pointer on top of the object and depressing
and holding mouse button 2 (B2, usually the right button).  Still holding B2,
"drag" the object to its destination (for instance, onto a directory in the
Drive Tree), and then release B2.

You can abort a drag and drop action by pressing the ESCape key.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3.3. Move by keystrokes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Place the dotted cursor on the object you want to rename (make it the current
object).  Press Ctrl + m, the accelerator key for the Move command, or pick
"Move" from the Files menu.

A dialog known as the Walk Directories dialog appears to allow you to pick or
type the destination directory for the move operation. Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.4. Copy tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Please select a method to learn about:

Drag and drop
Keystrokes
Cloning


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.4.1. Copy by drag and drop ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To copy a file system object using drag and drop, press and hold the Ctrl key,
then "grab" a file system object with the mouse by placing the mouse pointer on
top of the object and depressing and holding mouse button 2 (B2, usually the
right button).  Still holding B2 and Ctrl, "drag" the object to its destination
(for instance, onto a directory in the Drive Tree), and then release B2.
During a copy drag, the dragged object is "ghosted" rather than solid as during
a move drag.

You can abort a drag and drop action by pressing the ESCape key.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.4.2. Copy by keystrokes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Place the dotted cursor on the object you want to rename (make it the current
object).  Press Ctrl + c, the accelerator key for the Copy command, or pick
"Copy" from the Files menu.

A dialog known as the Walk Directories dialog appears to allow you to pick or
type the destination directory for the copy operation.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.4.3. Clone tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

You clone a file system object by copying it into the same directory that
already holds it.  The Rename dialog will then appear because of the naming
conflict, and allow you to specify a new name for the new, "cloned" copy of the
object.

Return to Tutorial menu


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.5. Compare tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To compare file system objects, link-drag one object onto another.

A link drag is initiated by placing the mouse cursor on the object to be
dragged, holding down the Ctrl and Shift keys, and clicking mouse button 2 (B2,
usually the right button).  While still holding the keys and B2, move the mouse
to drag the object over the target object, then release B2.  During a link
drag, a rubber-band line appears between the source object and the dragged
object.

You can change the compare program from FM/2's Internal Settings notebook.  An
internal default is used if you leave the entry there blank.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.6. View tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Viewing files can be as simple as double-clicking their objects.  FM/2 will
attempt to do to the object what should "logically" be done, which, in the case
of text files, archives and the like, is to view them.  If you would like
different actions taken, FM/2 provides Associations to allow you to assign
special viewer programs or actions to different file types.

You can also invoke viewing directly from the Files and context menus, or by
pressing the Ctrl + v accelerator key.  In this case, no other default actions
will be taken even if one might be "obvious" -- the object will simply be
viewed.  If, for example, you wanted to view an executable, this is the method
you'd need to use (the default double-click action would be to run the
executable file, which is usually what you'd want to do).

You can change the viewing program from FM/2's Internal Settings notebook.  An
internal default is used if you leave the entry there blank.

A good viewing program to try out would be Hyperview by Michael H. Shacter.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.7. Open tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

"Opening" a file system object is an object-based concept.  When you open a
directory, you get a view of the file system objects (files and directories)
contained within that object.  When you open an executable file, you cause it
to execute.  When you open a data file, you usually cause its owning
application (if known) to execute with the data file being loaded by the
application.  This is known as a "default" open.

But there are often several types of "open" operation that can be performed on
an object.  For instance, you can open an object's Settings notebook.  FM/2
provides some variations on WPS open themes.  You can open either a WPS folder
or an FM/2 Directory Container for a directory object, for instance (to find
out more about opening an FM/2 Directory Container for a directory object, see
the Opening a Directory Container topic).

To open an object's default WPS "view," use the F6 accelerator key, or press
the Ctrl key while double-clicking the object.  The same type of "open" will be
done on the object that would be done if you directly double-clicked the object
in a WPS folder object (remember, WPS folders are just visual representations
of directories).

To open a file system object's WPS Settings notebook directly, use the F7
accelerator key, or press the Ctrl and Shift keys while double-clicking the
object.

For directory objects, you have the choice of WPS view type to open, as well --
Icon, Details or Tree view.  You pick these from the Open cascade menu on the
Files menu or a context menu requested on the object (you request a context
menu on an object by placing the mouse pointer on the object and clicking mouse
button 2, B2).  A command to open an FM/2 Directory Container is also on that
cascade menu, and is the default.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.8. Delete tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

There are two styles of deleting under FM/2 -- a "regular" delete, that leaves
the objects capable of being undeleted using OS/2's UNDELETE command or FM/2's
Undelete Utility, and a "permanent" delete that does not leave the object
recoverable.  "Permanent" deletions are usually faster than "recoverable"
deletions.  You can select which type you want to be the default in FM/2's
internal Settings notebook.

Note:  You have to set up OS/2, using CONFIG.SYS, so that UNDELETE is enabled
to do non-permanent deletions.  See UNDELETE in the OS/2 online help.

You can delete objects in many ways:

Drag and drop  Drag the object(s) to FM/2's toolbar Trashcan icon, or to the
WPS's Shredder icon.  (You might want to pick up a replacement for the WPS
Shredder like the free mshred object written by the author of FM/2.)

Files or context menu  Select the Delete command or pick the type of delete
from the cascade menu.

Keyboard  The Ctrl + d accelerator key performs a "regular" delete, Shift +
Ctrl + D (also written as just "Ctrl + D" -- accelerator keys are case
sensitive) performs a permanent delete.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.9. Make directory tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To create a directory, use FM/2's Make Directory command.

You can pick this command from the Files menu or a context menu (under the
Miscellaneous cascade menu).  You can click the button on FM/2's toolbar. Or
you can use the Shift + Ctrl + "M" accelerator key.

FM/2 presents you with a small dialog box in which you can type the name of the
directory that you want to create -- FM/2 will try to fill in the entry field
with a guess at the first part of what you want, but you can delete that if
desired (Shift + Home, then touch the Del key to do it quickly).

The directory created can be many levels deep.  FM/2 will create intermediate
subdirectories as required if they do not already exist. For example, if you
have a directory \myapps and want to create a directory \myapps\games\mygame
you can do so without first creating \myapps\games -- just enter the full path
you want and FM/2 will create the intermediate directory \myapps\games.

You can pick <New directory> from the Common directories quicklist to create a
new directory and open its Directory container simultaneously.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.10. Create archive tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To create a new archive, select the file system objects you want in the
archive, then select Archive from the Files menu or a context menu, or click
the Archive toolbar button.

A dialog then appears that lets you select the type of archive to be created
from the types defined in the ARCHIVER.BB2 control file.

Once you have selected the archive type, the Archive dialog appears and lets
you specify the name of the archive to be created and the type of archiving
action (move or copy to archive, include subdirectories or not, recurse into
subdirectories, etc.).  You can specify additional filemasks or place more
obscure options on the command line to be executed.

To add to an existing archive, you can go through the same process, changing
the name of the archive to that of the existing archive, or simply drag objects
onto the existing archive's object.

You can also add objects to an archive by viewing it (double-click on the
archive object) and then dragging the objects to be added onto the Archive
Container window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.11. Extract from archive tutorial ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To extract from an archive, first place the dotted cursor on the file (make it
the current object), then select the Extract command from the Files menu or a
context menu requested on the archive, or press the Ctrl + x accelerator key.

The Extract dialog then appears and allows you to specify a filemask to be
extracted and/or to add more esoteric options to the command line to be
executed.

You can also extract objects from an archive by viewing it (double-click on the
archive object) and then dragging objects from the Archive Container window to
FM/2's other windows, or by using the Files or context menu and selecting from
various types of Extract commands there.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.12. Double-click actions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Double-clicking a file system object causes a default action to be taken.
FM/2 has its own set of defaults, but you can override those in many cases.
Here's a description of the FM/2 defaults and how to change them:

If the object is a directory, the Directory Container switches to look into
that directory.  If it's a file, FM/2 first checks to see if you've assigned
any Associations that match the filename and signature (if applicable).  Next,
FM/2 tries to view the file as an archive.  If it's not an archive, FM/2 checks
to see if the file's an executable and runs it if so.  Then INI and HLP files
are checked by extensions and viewed as such.  If all else fails, FM/2 views
the file using the configured or internal viewer.

In the Drive Tree, holding down the Shift key while double-clicking causes a
new FM/2 Directory Container to be opened, and holding down the Ctrl key while
double-clicking causes a WPS folder to be opened.

In Directory Containers, holding down the Ctrl key while double-clicking causes
the default WPS open to be performed on the object (this honors WPS
associations, runs executables, opens folders in their default view, or opens
the Settings notebook for the object -- whatever double-clicking on the object
in the WPS would do), and holding down the Shift key while double-clicking
causes the file to be directly Viewed, bypassing the other steps listed above
(for file objects; directory objects cause another FM/2 window to be opened).

If you'd like more detail, go to the View and Open tutorials.

You can change what FM/2 does on a double-click of a file object by using
FM/2's Associations.  This is a very powerful tool for customizing FM/2's
behavior, so when you're ready, be sure to look it over.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. "I'm an OS/2 expert!" ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Okay, Mr. Expert, we can get you off and running quickly.

First, read the help sections Using User Lists and Opening a Directory
Container -- they'll contain some FM/2-specific info you'll need or be able to
use up front.  You might also want to take a look at the internal Settings
Notebook and its help to see how you can customize FM/2's behavior to your
taste.

The rest?  Drag and drop works as you might expect from the WPS, except that
link-dragging (holding Ctrl + Shift while dragging) is used to do comparing
within FM/2 (still creates shadows when dropping on WPS objects).  Direct
renaming works as expected.  Context menus can be requested on objects for
other functions.  Double-clicking opens objects in the "best guess" view.  In
other words, it works more-or-less like the WPS with file maintenance-specific
functionality added.

You now know how to do the basic file system maintenance operations (copy,
move, delete, rename, etc.) -- go for it, and have fun.  The rest of the help
will wait until curiosity gets the better of you -- and it will.  :-)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. Files Menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Files pulldown menu displays the same menu that would be obtained as a
context (popup) menu over the current object in the current window. If you
select the Files menu when a window that doesn't use it is active, you'll see
"n/a" (not applicable).

Generally speaking, it's best to leave the Files menu for folks who either
don't have a mouse or don't really understand how OS/2 works, and instead work
from the context menus.

See also Commands submenu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1. Commands submenu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Commands are programs that can be run on selected objects by picking the
programs by an assigned title from a dynamically built submenu of FM/2's Files
pulldown menu.

When commands are displayed in the submenu, visual queues are given as to the
behavior of a given command.  Commands that are checked will run once for each
selected file.  Commands that are framed will prompt the user to edit and
accept the command line before running.

FM/2 provides accelerator keys for the first twenty commands in the submenu.
The accelerators are listed beside the command's title for reference.  This
provides a "macro key" capability.

Don't overlook the power of Commands.  This is a simple way of extending FM/2
to do things that it can't do on its own, to automate things, and to merge
those old command line utilities with a PM selection shell (FM/2).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. Views Menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Views pulldown menu displays the same menu that would be obtained as a
context (popup) menu for the current window (but not for any objects in the
window -- in other words, a context menu requested over whitespace). If you
select the Views menu when a window that doesn't use it is active, you'll see
"n/a" (not applicable).

Generally speaking, it's best to leave the Views menu for folks who either
don't have a mouse or don't really understand how OS/2 works, and instead work
from the context menus.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Utilities Menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 offers several utilities to make your life a little easier:

Remap drives
Collector
Seek and scan files
See all files
Compare directories
Undelete Files
Kill Processes
Instant Batch File
Command Line
INI Viewer
View Bookshelf
View Helpfiles

For convenience, you can also get to the System Clock object, System Setup
folder, and command line windows from this menu.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1. Remap drives ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 To remap (attach) a remote server to a local drive letter, enter the UNC
server name in the entry field at the top center of this dialog, then select
the drive letter from the left (attach) listbox to which to attach the server.
Finally, click the Attach button.

To detach a local drive letter from a remote server, select the drive letter
from the right (detach) listbox, then click the Detach button.

When you're through remapping drives, click Done.

According to IBM LAN Server documentation, a UNC name consists of a double
backslash, the name of the server, another backslash, and the name of the
resource:  \\servername\netname

Note that FM/2 saves the UNC names you enter in the listbox below the entry
field.  You can recall these names later by clicking on them. The Delete button
deletes the currently selected name from the listbox, and the Clear button
removes all names from the listbox.  Names are added automatically.  Up to 200
names can be stored in this manner (kept on disk between sessions in a file
named RESOURCE.DAT).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2. Collector ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Collector is a temporary place to hold objects that you want to manipulate
later; it allows you to temporarily group objects regardless of where they're
physically stored in the file system.  No physical (disk) storage is used; the
Collector just holds the objects (something like WPS shadows) until you're
ready to do something with them.  You might think of it as an additional
clipboard containing names of file system objects.  Note that objects in the
Collector, unlike objects in main tree and directory containers, show their
full pathnames.

You can drag file system objects from and to the Collector.  Be careful where
you drop the objects; directories and files already in the Collector are
"targets." If you drop on a directory, the files are moved or copied to the
directory, not into the Collector.

The Collector allows you to manipulate the files it contains just as you would
in a main tree or directory window.  Popup menus are available just as they are
in a main window.  The popup for the collector container obtained over
container whitespace allows clearing the container, collecting files from the
clipboard (a good way to import a selection from some other program that might
save a list of files, one file per line), and collecting from a list file (a
file containing fully qualified pathnames, one per line).

Additionally, the pulldown menu gives you access to a Seek and scan function.
This leads to a dialog that lets you search for and Collect files based on
filemasks and text content.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2.1. Seek and scan ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog, accessed from a Collector context menu, allows you to search for
files (by filemasks and, optionally, text within the files) and Collects the
files found.

In a hurry?  See the quicky instructions at the bottom.

In the Filemasks entry field you can enter one or several filemasks.  To enter
multiple masks, separate them with semi-colons. Entries can total up to 8095
bytes in length.  You can use exclusion masks as well by prefacing that portion
of the mask with a forward slash (/), which can be used to speed up the search
by excluding paths or filemasks that you are not interested in finding.
Example: "C:\*;/C:\OS2\*;/C:\DESKTOP;D:\*;/*.DLL".

The Add and Delete buttons can be used to add the current filemask to the
listbox for later retrieval or delete a line from the listbox if you want to
get rid of it.  The Append checkbox allows you to control whether selected
masks replace what is in the Filemasks entry field, or are appended to the
current contents. Note that if Append is checked, you must double-click (or
press Enter) to append the mask; otherwise, it is only necessary to highlight
the desired mask in the listbox.

The Walk button brings up the Walk Directories dialog.  When you select a
directory in the dialog it's added to the Filemasks entry field.

The Env button allows you to enter the name of an environment variable which
points to a list of directories (like the PATH variable) and fills them into
the Filemasks entry field.

In the Search text MLE you can enter text that must be found for the file to
match.  All files matching the filemask(s) are searched for this text.  If no
text is entered, a simple file find is performed. Note that each line of the
MLE is a separate search string.  If any of the strings are found, FM/2 will
consider a match to be made.  You can enter up to 4096 characters in this MLE,
and as many lines as you like within that limitation.  Note that a "line
break," for our purposes here, is created when you press [Enter] in the MLE;
word wrap is not a consideration.

Simple regular expressions are supported.  These can be briefly summarized:

'*'        matches any string
'?'        matches any single character
'['XYZ']'  matches any of X, Y or Z
' '        matches 0 or more whitespace characters
'\\'       'escapes' the next character
C          matches C

The Include Subdirs checkbox controls whether the search extends into
subdirectories.  If the box is checked, subdirectories are searched.

The Absolute checkbox disables regular expressions in the Search text entry
field.

The Case Senseitive checkbox, if checked, makes text searches case sensitive.
Otherwise they are not ('c' matches 'C' and 'c').

The Say files as found checkbox tells FM/2 to display the filenames it finds
based on the filemasks as it encounters them, if checked.

The Search files checkbox, when checked, tells FM/2 to look inside files for
the text in the Search text entry field.  This has no effect if no search text
was entered.

The Search EAs checkbox, when checked, tells FM/2 to look at the text EAs of
files for the text in the Search text entry field.  This has no effect if no
search text was entered.

The Find duplicates checkbox, when checked, tells FM/2 to find potential
duplicate files.  Files with the same name are found, as are files with the
same size and date/time. Note: Finding duplicates is a time and resource
consuming operation due to the usually large number of files, and therefore
comparisons, involved (FM/2 on a 486/66DX2 with 32 mb RAM required about 7
minutes to search 11,000 files for dupes).  Once potential dupe files have been
found and Collected you can use the Collector's sort and information facilities
and commands to check the files and delete or archive any you don't want to
keep around -- use filename sort to see files grouped with the same name, size
sort to see files grouped with the same size and date/time. The three switches
listed below also affect how potential duplicate finding works.

The CRC dupes checkbox, when checked, causes FM/2 to determine and check the
CRCs of potential duplicate files.  Only files with matching CRCs will then
pass the dupe test begun as described above.  This approximately doubles the
time it takes to find potential duplicate files, depending on how many
potential dupes there are, but not using it means that invariably a few files
will be flagged as possible dupes that aren't (this is possible even with this
switch on, but far less likely).  Note that in order to CRC a file, FM/2 must
be able to open it -- if it can't, FM/2 will consider the two files being
compared to be duplicates.

The No size dupes checkbox, when checked, tells FM/2 to not consider files as
potential dupes unless their names match (size/date matches aren't considered).
Be aware that you will probably miss true duplicate files if you turn this off,
as not all dupes have the same name.

The Ignore extensions checkbox, when checked, tells FM/2 to ignore the (last)
extension on filenames when checking for dupes by name.  This is handy when
you're comparing files in BBS upload directories where the same file may have
been archived with different archivers, resulting in identical rootnames but
different extensions.

The Larger entry field can be used to find files larger than the number of
bytes input (zero means all files).  The k button next to the entry field
multiplies the value by 1024 for you to make kilobytes instead of bytes.  The
Smaller entry field works the same except that it causes files smaller than the
number of bytes input to be found.  When used together (both fields are
nonzero), files found will be greater than the Larger field's value or less
than the Smaller field's value.

The Newer and Older entry fields work similarly. When non-zero, these fields
cause the search to find only files newer or older than the number of days
entered.  The m buttons multiply the value by 30 for you to make "months"
instead of days.

The AllHDs button prompts you for a single simple filemask (one without a drive
or path) then builds a Filemasks string that will search all hard drives for
that mask.  Similarly, the LocalHDs builds a mask for all local hard drives,
and RemoteHDs builds a mask for all remote (LAN) hard drives.

The listbox on the left top of the dialog contains a list of valid drives.  You
can double-click one of these drives to add a mask for that drive to the entry
field.

The file search is performed using the current Collector Filter's attribute
values.

Click Okay when ready to search, or Cancel to exit without searching.  Note
that this function is designed to run in the background while you're doing
other work, rather than running full-tilt and making you wait for it.

Quicky instructions for file finding:  type a mask into the Filemasks entry
field (for example, "C:\*.BAK") and press [Enter].

Quicky instructions for dupe finding:  type a mask into the Filemasks entry
field, check Find Duplicates, check CRC dupes if you want greater accuracy (and
more time spent looking), and press [Enter].

See also See all files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2.1.1. Enter environment variable name ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog, reached from the Seek and Scan files dialog, allows you to enter
or select the name of an enviroment variable (like PATH, LIBPATH, DPATH, etc.)
that points to a list of directories separated by semi-colons.  The Seek and
Scan dialog will then build the filemask for you from that list of directories.

Some of the most frequently encountered environment variable names are
displayed in the listbox.  If you select one, its name is placed in the entry
field for you.  You can also type in a name.  Click Okay when you have entered
the desired name, or click Cancel if you changed your mind and don't wish to
use an environment variable name.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2.2. See all files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 can present a window listing all the files on one or more drives. This
command is part of the Collector, and can be accessed from the Collector's
context menu.  There's also a shortcut command under the Utilities submenu on
the main FM/2 window.  Selecting Miscellaneous->Show all files (Ctrl + S) from
a Drive Tree directory's context menu can also get you here.

After you select the drives to list from a dialog, FM/2 will scan the selected
drives and then fill a custom list control with the names of all the files
found.

Once the filenames are displayed, together with their sizes, attributes and
last written dates and times, you can perform a variety of actions with
selected files from the list.  Commands exist to sort the listing in several
ways and to filter and select files in several ways.

You can also drag selected files from the list.

You can use the Filter to pare a listing down to a smaller subset.  For
example, if you are viewing all the files on the C: drive, you can limit the
view to all the files in C:\OS2 and subdirectories with the filter "C:\OS2\*".

FM/2 displays Hidden and System files in red, Readonly files in blue, and all
others in black on a light grey background.  Selected files are displayed in
reverse video (white text on a black background).  These colors are
configurable.  The current file has a ">" pointing at it in the left margin.
Single selections and swipe selections are supported, as well as select and
deselect all, and select and deselect based on masks and/or attributes.

Keyboard selection is performed with the spacebar, or you can hold down the
Shift key while moving the cursored selection with the arrow keys. You can
press the first letter of a file (as displayed; if fullnames are on, you must
type the first letter of the full filename, including path) to "find" a file
that begins with that letter.  In fact, in this window, you can type more than
one letter of a filename (each within one, count 'em, one, second of the
previous) to narrow the search further -- something that standard OS/2 controls
don't support.

Double-clicking a file results in a default action as in Directory Containers
(usually a view of the file).  If you need a refresher, check the General Help
topic.  The keyboard equivalent is the Enter key.

A large subset of the commands available in Directory Containers is available
in this window.  See the Context menus topic for more information.  Commands in
this window always apply to selected files.

You'll find an additional option to the usual Copy and Move commands here, in
the conditional cascades for those commands: Copy and preserve... and Move and
preserve.... These commands copy or move the selected files but preserve the
directory relationship of the files.  The effect of this can be non-obvious, so
use with care.

Let's say you select three files: G:\FOO\BAR\DUDE, G:\FOO\BAR\WOW\DUDE and
G:\FOO\BAR\RUFF\DUDE.  If you select Copy and preserve and pick a destination
directory of H:\HERE, the resultant files will be H:\HERE\DUDE,
H:\HERE\WOW\DUDE and H:\HERE\RUFF\DUDE.

Note that drives are not considered when preserving directory relationships, so
if one of our three files above resided on drive F:, the results would be the
same.

The Duplicates... command can be used to find files that are potential
duplicates in the window.  There are several options that you can select in the
dialog that appears. Duplicate finding can take a considerable amount of time,
but you can continue to do things in other windows while you wait.

See also:  Seek and Scan


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2.2.1. Pick drives ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Highlight the drive(s) to list, then click Okay.  Click Cancel to abort.

FM/2 will quickly load all the files on the selected drives into an ugly but
fast custom list control for you to further examine and manipulate.

The custom control is used rather than a container due to the slowness of
containers when dealing with such large numbers of records.  You can verify
this by using Seek and scan to Collect the same files into the Collector
container, if you're a masochist.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2.2.2. Duplicate finding options ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Select from the options for finding duplicate files.  Files must meet all
selected criteria to be considered duplicates (dupes). Therefore, the more
options you check, the more likely the files you're presented with when FM/2's
finished actually are duplicate files.

Note that CRCing files can take considerable time.  Only files that match all
other criteria will be CRCed, and files will only be CRCed once (i.e. the
logic's not totally stupid), but it will take longer.  FM/2 will display some
info about where it is during the dupe check, and checking is done in a
background thread at a low priority so that other windows and applications
remain useable.  FM/2 must be able to open the file for reading to CRC it -- if
it cannot do so, it will consider the file a match based on the other criteria
specified.

After finding duplicate files, you can "restore" the rest of the files by using
the Filter command.  It often helps to set the Sort to Name or Size when
viewing files found as potential duplicates to best see their relationships.

See also Seek and scan.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.3. Compare Directories ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The Compare Directories dialog shows you a comparison breakdown of two
directories.  You can highlight files here and Collect them for later
processing, or drag them elsewhere.

The dialog presents two containers side-by-side.  Vertical scrolling of the
containers is synched so that scrolling one scrolls both.  The files are listed
so that they are in alphabetical order, with gaps in the containers where a
file exists in one but not the other.  This provides easy, at-a-glance
comparison of the directories' contents.

It is possible to change the directory of a container by direct editing of the
container title.  You can change both directories simultaneously by clicking
the Dirs button.  You can include all the files in all subdirectories by
checking the Include subdirs button.

This dialog is reached by link-dropping (Ctrl + Shift held down while dragging
and dropping) one directory object onto another directory object, or by
selecting Utilities->Compare directories from the main window's pulldown menu.

You can get a context (popup) menu in the title area of each container. From it
you can control which columns are displayed in the containers, and save
"snapshots" and, in the right container, reload those snapshots. Snapshot files
are compatible with PMDirMatch (see below). Snapshots can be used to see what
changed in a directory from one point in time to another (for instance, to see
what installing a program might have changed in your system directories).  You
can also Filter what shows in the containers.

The line of Actions: pushbuttons allow you to Delete files from either
directory and to Move or Copy files from one directory to another.  You can
double-click a file to view it, or request a context menu on it to compare it
to its counterpart in the other directory.

Several selection/deselection techniques are available via pushbuttons to
enable you to select files based on their comparison. The pushbuttons operate
on both containers.  You can also select and deselect files in the containers
manually with the mouse and/or keyboard. Hint:  mouse selection works slightly
differently when you hold down the Ctrl key while clicking.

Brief description of selection/deselection button options:

Same  All items which match name and size exactly.

Identical  All items which match name, size and date exactly.

Both  All items which are present in both containers (only name used as
criteria).

One  All items which are present in only one of the containers (only name used
as criteria).

Newer  All items which have a counterpart in the other container and are the
newer of the pair.

Older  All items which have a counterpart in the other container and are the
older of the pair.

Smaller  All items which have a counterpart in the other container and are the
smaller of the pair.

Larger  All items which have a counterpart in the other container and are the
larger of the pair.

All  All items in both containers.

Invert  Inverts selection state of all items in both containers.

See also Selection.

The general procedure for synchronizing two directories (assuming, of course,
that's what you're wanting to do) is to first select all files that have no
matching files in the other directory (click the One button on the left side of
the dialog). Copy these files to the other directory.  Now deselect all files
(click the All button on the right side of the dialog) and select all newer
files (click the Newer button on the left side of the dialog).  Copy these
files to the other directory.  The directories should now match exactly --
deselect all files and select identical files (click the Identical button), and
all the files should be selected (to confirm).

If you're looking for more powerful directory matching software, you might be
interested in Larry Waibel's PMDirMatch shareware program.  Larry can be
contacted on Compuserve at user ID 71333,2463, and he hangs out in the OS2SHARE
(library 1 of OS2BVEN) forum. You can easily set FM/2 up to use PMDirMatch
automatically using the Compare page of the internal Settings notebook.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.3.1. Select two directories ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog lets you pick two directories by "walking" through the directory
structure of your drives.  See also Walk Directories.

When the desired directories are displayed in the entry fields of the dialog,
click Okay to exit.  Click Cancel to exit without selecting directories.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.4. Undelete Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This leads to a dialog that interfaces with UNDELETE.COM to allow you to
undelete files.  The drive that will be operated on is determined by the
highlighted object in the directory tree.  This dialog filters out files that
already exist on the disk.

The Mask entry field lets you set a mask (which can include a directory path).
You can switch drives using the dropdown listbox. A Subdirs button lets you
choose whether to show files that can be undeleted in subdirectories as well.

You can always go directly to UNDELETE.COM if you have the need for more
control.  This is provided only for convenience.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.5. Kill Processes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This leads to a dialog that allows you to kill most renegade processes. If you
run into a window that just won't close, or one that hides itself but doesn't
quite go away, this may let you kill the hung process.

Obviously you'll want to exercise some care here.  FM/2 will remove its own PID
(Process ID) from the list, but if you ran it from a command line you could
still kill FM/2 by killing its parent.  You can also kill off the WPS
(PMSHELL.EXE), but it should restart itself.  Some kernal processes show up but
can't be killed.

A checkbox allows you to set the Process Killer to use the undocumented
DosQProcStat API instead of parsing PSTAT.EXE's output.  While this removes the
requirement of having an English version of PSTAT.EXE, you should be aware that
the DosQProcStat can be changed by IBM without notice, possibly causing the
Process Killer to fail and/or trap.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.6. Instant Batch File ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This leads to a dialog that lets you quickly hack together a batch (command)
file and run it (the currently highlighted tree directory will be its default
directory).  The command file isn't saved; think of it as an "extended command
line" which allows you to enter more than one line at a time (for instance,
when several tests must be made).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.7. Command Line ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This brings up a windowed OS/2 command line.  F9 is the accelerator key for
this command.

There are also commands to bring up a windowed DOS command line and a Win-OS/2
full screen session.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.8. INI Viewer ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 INI files are a form of data file that OS/2 provides to applications and
utilizes itself.  This viewer allows you to take a peek inside them.

Two special INIs are used by the system.  They are the User INI (usually
OS2.INI) and the System INI (usually OS2SYS.INI).  Both are usually located in
the \OS2 directory of your boot drive.  FM/2 will tell you where they are when
you view them.

Applications normally use private INI files named after the application. For
example, FM/2's INI is FM3.INI and its executable is FM3.EXE.

A record in an INI is composed of three parts:  An application name, a keyname,
and data.  This three-part format is represented in the window by three
listboxes.  When you choose an application name and a keyname, you see the data
associated with them.

This window allows you to delete an application name from an INI (deleting all
keynames and data associated with it) with Edit->Delete Application, or to
delete individual keynames, deleting the data associated with them with
Edit->Delete Keyname.  You can also copy or rename entire application names or
application+keynames.

The Files->User Profile command loads the user INI (usually OS2.INI) and the
Files->System Profile command loads the system INI (usually OS2SYS.INI).  The
Files->Other Profile command allows you to pick an INI file to load.  The
Files->Refresh command will refresh the contents of the listboxes from the INI
file on disk; handy if a background process might modify it.

The Entries->Filter appnames command can be used to selectively remove or
include application names from the first listbox via a dialog that pops up when
the command is selected.  One filter "mask" should be entered per line in the
MLE; preface "masks" with "/" to cause the following mask to exlude rather than
include items.

Note that the Filter command removes entries from the listbox; refiltering with
a more inclusive set of masks will not restore filtered entries.  Use the
Files->Refresh command for that.

The Utilities->Backup Profile creates a backup of the current profile.  You get
to specify the filename.  The Utilities->Change System Profiles command lets
you change the User and System profiles that OS/2 uses.  The Utilities->Replace
System Profiles command lets you replace the default system profiles with new
profiles; the old files are physically overwritten.

You can also drag from and to the top two listboxes in this window.  If you
drag from the left window, you drag the current application name, all its
keynames, and all the data associated with the keynames.  If you drag from the
right window, you drag the current application and keynames, and all the data
associated with the keyname.  You can either move or copy the record(s) using
the standard key modifiers (you did read the General Help topic, didn't you?).

This window is reached via the Utilities pulldown menu on FM/2's main window,
or by selecting (double-clicking) an INI file in a directory window, or by
starting it from the FM/2 folder.  The double-click behavior can be changed by
specifying an association for *.INI under FM/2's main Config->Edit Associations
pulldown.

See also:
Adding an INI record
Changing OS/2's INIs
Replacing OS/2's INIs


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.8.1. Adding an INI record ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 To add an INI record, fill in the three entry fields on the screen. The
appname and keyname pair, together, should form a unique ID, or you'll end up
replacing existing data rather than adding new data.  Then click Okay.  Click
Cancel to abort.

You can check the Use \-encoding checkbox if you want to enter or edit binary
data.  FM/2 attempts to determine the type of data if you're editing rather
than adding and sets the checkbox for you accordingly.

FM/2 adds a trailing 0 byte (NUL) to string information saved to the INI file
(if you don't have Use \-encoding checked), which seems to be a common
convention.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.8.2. Changing OS/2's INIs ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 lets you change the INIs that OS/2 uses while OS/2 is still active. This,
together with the Backup Profile command, allow you to create and use alternate
profiles.  Note that this doesn't change the physical INI files, it just points
OS/2 at the new files; when you reboot, the files specified in CONFIG.SYS are
used.

There are a couple of potential uses for this function.  You might use it to
maintain different desktops and switch between them.  You might use it to allow
you to copy backed up profiles to OS2.INI and OS2SYS.INI (the default OS/2
profiles -- do this by first switching to a different set of profiles, then
copying your backups onto OS2.INI and OS2SYS.INI, then restoring OS2.INI and
OS2SYS.INI as the system profiles.  You can't do this normally as the system
profiles are readonly and can't be overwritten.).

Note that when the change occurs, OS/2 will restart the WPS.  It's recommended
that you back up your system INIs before using this and shut down all other
running processes first.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.8.3. Replacing OS/2's INIs ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog physically replaces the OS/2 system INIs with the INI files you
select.  The change is permanent.

Note that when the change occurs, OS/2 will restart the WPS (twice). It's
HIGHLY recommended that you back up your system INIs before using this and shut
down all other running processes first.  (Use of this after having used the
Change System Profiles command probably won't do what you expect unless you
first change back to the system defaults.)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.8.4. Copying and renaming INI records ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 allows you to copy or rename (a move followed by a delete) INI
applications or application+keynames.

A dialog is presented where you enter the new application name (and keyname if
copying or renaming a specific application+keyname pair). Once you've filled in
the new name(s), click Okay to perform the operation.  Click Cancel if you
change your mind.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.8.5. Filter INIs ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog can selectively remove or include application names from the first
listbox.  One filter "mask" should be entered per line in the MLE; preface
"masks" with "/" to cause the following mask to exlude rather than include
items.

Note that the Filter command removes entries from the listbox; refiltering with
a more inclusive set of masks will not restore filtered entries.  Use the
Files->Refresh command for that.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.9. View Bookshelf ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 presents a listbox containing all the .INF files found in the directories
listed in your BOOKSHELF environment variable (see SET BOOKSHELF= in
CONFIG.SYS).  You select the .INF file(s) you want to view, then click the View
button.

If you selected more than one .INF file, FM/2 calls VIEW.EXE in such a way that
all the files are presented at once (a single contents page appears listing the
contents of all the .INF files).  Warning: Don't select more than one filename
with the same title (left column of listbox) -- View.exe will choke if you do,
and be unable to read any of the files.

You can enter text into the entry field below the listbox, and FM/2 will try to
find the first listbox entry with matching text as you go.  If you click Select
FM/2 will highlight all matching entries (hint: empty the entry field and click
Select to unhighlight everything).  If you click Filter FM/2 will remove all
but highlighted items from the listbox (Rescan will refill the listbox).

The AddDirs button will copy the contents of the entry field and add it to the
directories listed in the BOOKSHELF environment variable. It should be in the
same format as the HELP environment variable uses, fully qualified directory
names separated by semi-colons.  The next time you use the Bookshelf Viewer,
FM/2 will remember this input and use it. This is an internal addition; your
CONFIG.SYS and environment are not modified.

The Topic entry field can be used to have the INF file(s) searched on entry for
a topic of interest (like typing "VIEW inffile topic" at a command line).

When you're done with the dialog, press [ESCape] or click Cancel.  Any open
.INF files remain open until you close them (hint: F3 will close an .INF file).

Note:  this dialog is shared by the View Helpfiles and View Bookshelf commands.
If you click on either while this dialog is up, the dialog is simply brought to
the foreground.  Close it if you want to switch function. (This doesn't apply
if you started this from the Bookshelf Viewer object in the FM/2 WPS folder.)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.10. View Helpfiles ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 presents a listbox containing all the .HLP files found in the directories
listed in your HELP environment variable (see SET HELP= in CONFIG.SYS).  You
select the .HLP file you want to view, then click the View button.

You can enter text into the entry field below the listbox, and FM/2 will try to
find the first listbox entry with matching text as you go.

The AddDirs button will copy the contents of the entry field and add it to the
directories listed in the HELP environment variable. It should be in the same
format as the HELP environment variable uses, fully qualified directory names
separated by semi-colons.  The next time you use the Bookshelf Viewer, FM/2
will remember this input and use it. This is an internal addition; your
CONFIG.SYS and environment are not modified.

When you're done with the dialog, press [ESCape] or click Cancel.  Any open
.HLP file will remain open until you close it.

Note:  this dialog is shared by the View Bookshelf and View Helpfiles commands.
If you click on either while this dialog is up, the dialog is simply brought to
the foreground.  Close it if you want to switch function. (This doesn't apply
if you started this from the Helpfile Viewer object in the FM/2 WPS folder.)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11. Config Menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 can be configured as you like it using the commands under this submenu.
It is highly recommended that you step through the items in this submenu when
you first begin to use FM/2, both to familiarize yourself with the available
configuration options and to make FM/2 work the way you like it to work.

To change fonts and colors, FM/2 uses the WPS Font and Color Palettes. The
Config menu contains commands to call up these objects for you.

This submenu affects general FM/2 behavior.  Each class of container has its
own configuration menu that allows you to set the type of view, filtering, and
so on.  To get the popup menu that controls the container's appearance, request
a context menu while the pointer is over an empty area of the container, or
select the Views pulldown submenu.

The Toggle quicklists command causes a dropdown listbox to appear below the
toolbar (if one is being used; below the pulldown menu, if one is being used,
or titlebar if not) and above other windows.  The listbox contains the
directory names you've assigned in the Walk Directories dialog.  If you pick
one, a Directory Container for that directory is opened (hold down the Shift
key while clicking to change an existing Directory Container instead). If the
dropdown listbox is already present, this command causes it to disappear.

A Drive Finder dropdown listbox also appears with the quicklist; selecting a
drive in this list causes the Drive Tree container to scroll to show the
selected drive and make it the current object.

Finally, a Setup dropdown list also appears that contains names of setups
(Drive Tree location, Directory Container locations and associated directory
names). Pick a setup name, and FM/2 reopens and repositions the windows as they
were when you saved the setup.  A context menu requested on the setup list
entry field is used to save and delete setup names.  To add a name, enter it in
the entry field of the dropdown, request a context menu, and select Save state
as name  To delete a name, put it in the entry field, request a context menu
and select Delete state name

The Autoview submenu controls the Autoview window.  The default for this
conditional cascade menu is the Toggle autoview window command, which causes an
autoview window to appear above the status line at the bottom of the screen.
As you move the cursor from object to object, FM/2 displays the first few lines
of file objects in this window.  If the autoview window is already displayed,
clicking this command causes it to disappear.  You can also set the what is to
be autoviewed -- either the file's .COMMENTS EA or the start of the file's
contents (similar to the *nix HEAD program).  When .COMMENTS EAs are being
viewed, you can edit them and the changes will be saved when you switch the
focus from the Autoview window.  You can reach this editable Autoview window
with the Ctrl + Tab hotkey if you are allergic to your mouse.

Clicking the contents Autoview window with B1 causes the file to be viewed.
Clicking with B3 (or chording with B1 and B2 simultaneously) causes the
extended attributes to be viewed.  If viewing .COMMENTS rather than contents,
you can pick View file from the context menu.

The Toggle bottom buttons menu item turns off and on a row of buttons that
appear just above the status line(s).  The buttons display the name, date, and
attributes of the currently selected object, and the filter status of the
current container.  If clicked with B1, a command is generated (rename, info,
edit date/attributes and filter dialog respectively).  If clicked with B2, a
context menu appears (the same one you get if you click B2 on the first status
line).  If clicked with B3, the sort changes for the current container:
filename, last write date, file size and reverse sort respectively.

The Toggle drivebar menu item turns off and on a bar showing all available
drives.  You can click these drive buttons to find or switch to a drive
(depending on the active window when the button is clicked), drag objects onto
the buttons, request a context menu on a button for more commands dealing with
the drive, or click B3 to open a Directory Container for that window (or
surface and activate one that already exists).

See also:
FM/2 window layout
Using quicklists
Toolbar
Associations
Commands
Edit Archiver Data
Settings notebook
Set Target directory


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1. Toolbar ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The toolbar is a collection of buttons that invoke some of the commands in the
pulldown or popup menus.  Placing the mouse pointer on a button and pressing
and holding B2 displays brief help for the button on the titlebar.

Some of the buttons will allow objects to be dragged onto them; for example,
you can drag objects onto the trashcan to delete them.  Note that the hotspot
of the mouse pointer itself should be over the button before releasing, not the
icon being dragged (icons are slightly offset from the mouse pointer to give
better target visibility).  Target emphasis is provided in the form of a black
outline around the button, and the arrow pointer turns into a hand when above a
toolbox icon.

This toolbar submenu is a conditional cascade menu, meaning that if you click
other than on the boxed arrow a default command is executed (the toolbar is
toggled off and on), but if you click on the boxed arrow you get a submenu of
items you can select (the other choices are Text Toolbar, which will cause the
toolbar to appear as "normal" buttons with text on them, or Toolbar Titles,
which will cause text to appear below the toolbar bitmap buttons).

Toolbar buttons are user-configurable.  To change the toolbar, click mouse
button two (usually the right button) while the mouse pointer is over a button
to pop up a context menu.  You can get the "Load Toolbox" dialog by clicking B2
on a blank area of the toolbar, and the "Add Button" dialog by chording on a
blank area of the toolbar.

For advanced/curious users:  Information on what buttons are in the toolbar is
kept in a file named FM3TOOLS.DAT.  This file is an ASCII (plain text) file
that contains information defining the toolbar.  The file contains comments
that explain its format.

FM/2 allows you to create customized toolboxes that can be loaded as required
to provide toolboxes for specific activities.  Although FM/2 provides ways to
edit the toolbar internally, it's probably easier to load the definition files
into a text editor and make the changes manually en masse.

If you'd like to see a different toolbar layout (and try out the Load Toolbox
command), right-click on the toolbar, pick Load Toolbox from the resultant
menu, and pick a toolbox from the listbox.  Then you might try creating your
own and saving it with the Save Toolbox command.

See also:
Reorder Tools
Edit Tool
Add Tool
Save Tools
Load Tools


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1.1. Reorder Tools ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog, accessed from the context menu of a tool button, allows you to
rearrange the order of the toolbar's tool buttons.  You take selected items
from the left listbox and Add them to the end of the right listbox with the
Add>> button. When you've moved everything to the right listbox, click Okay.
Click Cancel if you change your mind.

In reality, you don't need to move everything to the right listbox.  You can
move only what you want moved to the top of the list, then click Okay.
Anything remaining in the left listbox is added to the end of what's in the
right listbox.

The <<Remove button can be used to move selected items from the right listbox
to the bottom of the left listbox.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1.2. Edit Tool ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog allows you to change the help and text strings and flags
associated with a button.  Edit as desired, then click Okay.  Click Cancel if
you change your mind.

The Help field should contain text to remind you what the button's command
does.  For example, a button that deletes files and directories might have help
reading "Delete files and directories".

The Text field should contain very brief text that will be placed on the button
(if the tool id has no bitmap associated with it).

The Droppable checkbox determines if the tool can have objects dropped on it or
not.  See list below.

The Visible checkbox determines if the tool is visible or not.

If the Separator checkbox is checked, FM/2 puts a bit of whitespace after the
button (separates it from the next button).

If you check the User-defined bmp checkbox, FM/2 will allow you to use your own
bitmap.  Bitmaps are named after the ID of the button -- for example, the
bitmap file for ID 1005 would be named "1005.bmp".  Clicking the Edit bmp
button will cause ICONEDIT to be loaded with the bitmap, ready to edit.  (Note
that bitmaps should be 28 x 28.)

The ID field identifies the command that is associated with this button.  See
the Tool IDs topic.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1.3. Add Tool ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog is accessed from the context menu of a tool button, or if you turn
on the toolbar when there are no tools defined.

To add a tool, fill in the fields as appropriate and click Okay.  Click Cancel
if you change your mind.

The Help field should contain text to remind you what the button's command
does.  For example, a button that deletes files and directories might have help
reading "Delete files and directories".

The Text field should contain very brief text that will be placed on the button
(if the tool id has no bitmap associated with it).

The Droppable checkbox determines if the tool can have objects dropped on it or
not.  See list below.

The Visible checkbox determines if the tool is visible or not.

If the Separator checkbox is checked, FM/2 puts a bit of whitespace after the
button (separates it from the next button).

If you check the User-defined bmp checkbox, FM/2 will allow you to use your own
bitmap.  Bitmaps are named after the ID of the button -- for example, the
bitmap file for ID 1005 would be named "1005.bmp".  Clicking the Edit bmp
button will cause ICONEDIT to be loaded with the bitmap, ready to edit.

The ID field should be assigned a number that tells FM/2 what the command
associated with the button is.  See Tool IDs topic.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1.4. Tool IDs ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

ID     Command                                              Droppable?
====   =================================================    ==========
1023   View Files                                           Y
1024   Edit Files                                           Y
1026   Make Directory                                       N
1010   Object Information                                   Y
1005   Rename Files/Directories                             Y
1004   Delete Files/Directories                             Y
1006   Permanently Delete Files/Directories                 Y
1009   Set Attributes and Date/Time of Files/Directories    Y
10002  Walk Directories                                     N
10008  Select All Files                                     N
10007  Deselect All                                         N
1029   Archive Files/Directories                            Y
1030   Extract From Archives                                Y
1022   Create Objects                                       Y
1021   Create Shadow Objects                                Y
1002   Copy Files/Directories                               Y
1001   Move Files/Directories                               Y
2003   Kill Process                                         N
2004   Undelete Files                                       N
2006   Instant Command File                                 N
2007   OS/2 Command Line                                    N
5001   Filter Container                                     N
3001   Edit Associations                                    N
1048   Edit Commands                                        N
5021   Rescan                                               N
1007   Print Files                                          Y
1008   Extended Attributes                                  Y
2001   View INI Files                                       Y
1027   Save List to Clipboard                               Y
1028   Save List to File                                    Y
1011   Collect Files/Directories                            N
1060   Collect Files/Directories from list file             Y
2010   Bookshelf Viewer                                     N
1017   Open Default                                         Y
1031   Directory sizes                                      N
1132   UUDecode                                             Y
1133   Merge                                                Y
1111   Exit FM/2                                            N
4001   First Command                                        Y
4002   Second Command                                       Y
...
4900   First Toolbox                                        N
4901   Second Toolbox                                       N
...
Note:  Other Commands can also be used; just add to 4000 as required to get the
number of the command.  For instance, Command 4 would be ID 4004.  Command
buttons use the text field; others shown have bitmaps associated with them in
FM/2's resources.  Remember that if you change your Commands around, you need
to resync the tools to the Commands...

Note:  Toolbox buttons on a toolbar cause the appropriate toolbox to be loaded
from QUICKTLS.DAT (one filename per line, blank lines and lines beginning with
";" ignored).  The file named on the first line is the First Toolbox, and so
forth.  You can have up to 50 toolbox buttons defined (total).

This list isn't complete; ask me if you'd like a command added that doesn't
appear, and I'll tell you if it can be added and what the ID is, if so.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1.5. Save Toolbox ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 allows you to save toolboxes (groups of tools) for later recall with the
Load Toolbox command.

Type the name of the file to hold the toolbox definitions into the entry field
below the listbox, or select a file displayed in the listbox (it will be
overwritten).  FM/2 saves the toolbox definitions into the file.

The files are given an extension of .TLS if you don't specify an extension.
The listbox shows files in the FM/2 directory that have the extension .TLS
(which is my way of suggesting that you follow this convention).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.1.6. Load Toolbox ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 allows you to load toolboxes (groups of tools) which were saved with the
Save Toolbox command.

Type the name of the file that holds the toolbox definitions into the entry
field below the listbox, or select a file displayed in the listbox.  FM/2 loads
the toolbox definitions from the file and updates the toolbar.

This allows you to have groups of specific-purpose buttons which you can load
for different types of activities.  You don't have to use it, but it's there if
you would like to do so.

Clicking Okay without typing in or selecting a filename results in FM/2
reloading the default toolbox from FM3TOOLS.DAT.

If I may, here's how I'd recommend using this facility:

First, save the full toolbar under a new name (perhaps ALL.TLS).  Next, delete
any buttons that you don't want in your customized toolbar. Finally, add any
Command buttons that you do want in the customized toolbar and save the new
toolbox (as <something>.TLS).  By starting with the full toolbar, you'll spend
more of your time deleting buttons you don't want (a trivial task) and less
adding buttons.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.2. Drive flags ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Here you can set flags for various drives.  Command line switches override
these flags.  The flags are stored in FM/2's INI file and loaded when FM/2
starts, so this is an alternative to all the esoteric drive command line
switches except the Ignore switch.

No prescan  Setting this causes FM/2 to not pre-scan removable drives.  You
have to double-click the drive before it's checked to see if it has any
subdirectories.  This is handy for those of you with CD carousels.

Don't load icons  Prevents FM/2 from loading icons for files and directories on
this drive.  If the drive contains only DOS programs and data files or is a
very slow drive, you might want to check this one.

Don't load subjects  Prevents .SUBJECT EAs from being automatically loaded on
this drive.  Again, if your drive is slow or you don't use .SUBJECTs with
objects on this drive, you might want to check it.

Don't load longnames  Prevents .LONGNAME EAs from being automatically loaded on
this drive.  You've got the idea by now, right?

Slow drive.  Check this for drives which have extremely slow seek times (like
ZIP and EZ removable hard drives).  The Autoview window and associated messages
are disabled for this drive, and the "Quick Arc find" method is always used,
whether on globally or not, which snaps up response time. I may take other
shortcuts for drives with this attribute later (loosen error checking).  For
such slow drives you may also want to check the various Don't load... flags
listed above.

Include files in tree  If you check this, files will be shown as well as
directories in the Drive Tree for this drive.  I have no idea why you would
ever want to check this.

You get this dialog by selecting Edit->Drive flags from a context menu
requested on a drive (root directory) in the Drive Tree or VTree window.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.3. Set Target directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 You can set a default Target directory with the Set Target directory command,
which FM/2 will use whenever you use the menu or accelerator key commands to
move or copy file system objects. Otherwise, FM/2 will attempt to intelligently
guess what you'd like the target directory to be each time based on open
Directory Containers or the currently selected directory in the Drive Tree.

If you have a Target directory already set and wish to clear it, select this
command, click Cancel at the Walk Directories dialog that appears, and answer
Yes to the question subsequently asked.

See also the General page of the internal Settings notebook.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.4. Associations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

(Note:  if you're wondering why FM/2 has Associations separate from OS/2's, see
the Why separate Associations? topic.  Also note that you can "fall through" to
OS/2's associations if desired.)

Associations are programs that are run when files matching specified filemasks
(and optional file signatures) are selected (double-clicked).

You can use this facility to cause editors specific to different datafile types
to start when the datafile is selected.  For instance, if you associate "*.ICO"
with "ICONEDIT.EXE %a" the icon editor will be started with the selected icon
file when you double-click an icon. A special association command line, "<>",
causes FM/2 to open the default WPS view of an object.  Warning:  Do not use
this on a file associated with AV/2 as you will cause an endless loop as AV/2
constantly starts itself.

Signatures provide a mechanism to further test a matching file to determine
that it is the proper type.  For example, all OS/2 .INF (information) files
have the string "HSP" at position 0 of the file. By using signature "HSP" at
offset 0 for the filemask "*.INF" and assigning the command line "VIEW.EXE %a"
to the association, any OS/2 .INF file will be read using VIEW when selected,
but non-OS/2 files that have an .INF extension will not match this association.
The signature entry field supports C-style escaping.

To add an association, fill in the entry fields and set the radio buttons and
checkboxes that control session type as desired (these are explained in more
detail in the help for Editing Commandline except for Prompt, which causes a
dialog to appear that allows editing the command line before it is run), then
click Add..

To delete an association, select it in the listbox, then click Del.  You should
be aware that the association deleted is the one matching the entry fields,
specifically the mask, signature and offset fields.

To change an association, delete it, edit the entry fields, radio buttons and
checkboxes, then add it.

The Top button moves the highlighted Association to the top of the listbox.

The Find button brings up a standard OS/2 open dialog that you can use to
point-and-click at the desired executable file.  It's pathname will be entered
into the command line entry field.

The Close checkbox will cause FM/2 to close after executing this association.
Please be sure that's the behavior you really want before checking this button.

The Environment MLE control lets you enter environment strings for the program
to inherit.  Generally speaking, this is only for running DOS programs as any
strings entered here are interpreted as DOS settings. For example,
IDLE_SECONDS=5 would adjust the DOS setting IDLE_SECONDS to 5.  Names of DOS
settings are as shown in the Settings notebook for a DOS program.

See also Metastrings.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.4.1. Why separate Associations? ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Under OS/2's WPS you can set up associations so that double-clicking a datafile
object invokes a program.  Usually you would use this to start the program that
edits the file; for example, if you double-clicked a graphics file you'd want
your graphics editing program to be started.

However, while using a file manager, you would probably prefer to have a simple
viewer started to look at the file quickly so you can decide what to do with
the file.  Therefore, FM/2 allows you to set up Associations for files that are
different than those that OS/2 uses. This lets you invoke viewers in FM/2 via
double-click, but invoke editors in OS/2 via double-click.

Moreover, FM/2's Associations can be a bit smarter than OS/2's.  You can
associate a signature with a filemask and only files that match both will be
viewed with the associated executable.  You can even use these signatures to
invoke OS/2's own associations, providing added assurance that the right
executable is being invoked.  For example, if you have a plain text file with
the extension ".INF," OS/2 would try to view it with VIEW.EXE, which wouldn't
know what to do with it.  If you make an FM/2 Association and give "HSP" as the
signature at offset 0 of the file, only OS/2 INFs will be passed to VIEW.EXE.

Finally, don't forget that you can access OS/2's associations from FM/2, so
you've really lost nothing and stand to gain considerably.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.4.2. Accessing OS/2's associations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

You can access OS/2's associations for a file system object at any time by
pressing the F6 key or holding down Ctrl while double-clicking the object.
This causes a default WPS open to be performed on the object.

If you want to access OS/2's associations by an unaugmented double-click, enter
"<>" as the executable in the FM/2 Association definition.  This causes FM/2 to
do a default WPS open on the object.  Note that if you wanted all objects to
use OS/2's associations, you'd need only one FM/2 Assocation (filemask "*",
executable "<>").


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.5. Editing Commands ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog allows you to edit the commands that are available in the Commands
submenu.  There is always a Do it yourself command in the Commands submenu, and
it is the default for the conditional cascade. The Do it yourself command
supplies the names of selected files as the command line and allows you to
enter a command to be performed on the files in an entry field.  Note that OS/2
command lines are limited to 1,000 characters.

To add a command to this submenu, fill in the entry fields and set the radio
buttons and checkboxes that control session type as desired (these are
explained in more detail in the help for Editing Commandline, except for Each,
which means that the command will be run once for each selected file, and
Prompt, which means that the command will display a dialog that allows the user
to edit the command line before running), then click Add..

To delete a command, select it in the listbox, then click Del.  You should be
aware that the command deleted is the one matching the entry field,
specifically, the title field.

To change a command, delete it, edit the entry fields, radio buttons and
checkboxes, then add it.

The Find button brings up a standard OS/2 open dialog that you can use to
point-and-click at the desired executable file.  It's pathname will be entered
into the command line entry field.

The Environment MLE control lets you enter environment strings for the program
to inherit.  Generally speaking, this is only for running DOS programs where
any strings entered here are interpreted as DOS settings. For example,
IDLE_SECONDS=5 would adjust the DOS setting IDLE_SECONDS to 5.  Names of DOS
settings are as shown in the Settings notebook for a DOS program.

See also:
Metastrings
Reordering Commands


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.5.1. Reordering Commands ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog, accessed from the Edit Commands dialog, allows you to rearrange
the order of Commands.  You take selected items from the left listbox and Add
them to the end of the right listbox with the Add>> button. When you've moved
everything to the right listbox, click Okay.  Click Cancel if you change your
mind.

In reality, you don't need to move everything to the right listbox.  You can
move only what you want moved to the top of the list, then click Okay.
Anything remaining in the left listbox is added to the end of what's in the
right listbox.

The <<Remove button can be used to move selected items from the right listbox
to the bottom of the left listbox.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.5.2. Metastrings ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The following "metastrings," or replaceable parameters, can be used in command
lines:

%$    drive letter
%a    full pathnames
%A    full pathnames, no leading drive letters
%r    full pathnames, no quoting under any circumstances
%R    full pathnames, no leading drive letters, no quoting
%c    command processor specified in %COMSPEC%
%f    filenames, no paths
%F    filenames, no paths or extensions
%e    extensions
%p    path of execution (d:\directory)
%P    path of execution (\directory)
%t    designated Target directory
%u    path of first datafile (d:\directory)
%U    path of first datafile (\directory)
%d    full pathnames of all open Directory Containers
%D    full pathname of current directory in Drive Tree
%!    listfile name (first places full filenames in a list file; user Command
      should delete listfile when complete, but FM/2 will clean any left over
      up when FM/2 closes).  This is an advanced command -- see EXAMPLE.CMD in
      the FM/2 distribution archive for a skeleton program that you can use to
      do work on the filenames listed in the listfile.  You can use %! more
      than once in the same command line -- the listfile will only be built
      once, but the name of that listfile will be inserted each time.
%%    a percent sign

When you enter a metastring into a command line, the metastring is replaced
with the appropriate text.  For example, "%c /C MYCMD.CMD %a" might become
"CMD.EXE /C MYCMD.CMD d:\file1 d:\file2 d:\file3".


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6. Settings notebook ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2's internal Settings notebook lets you fiddle with some of the toggles and
variables used to control how FM/2 behaves.  This is called up via the
Config->Settings notebook... pulldown menu item.

Some container types have their own individual settings, usually available via
a popup menu requested on container whitespace (or the Views pulldown menu).

Note that settings changes generally don't take effect until you close the
notebook by clicking the Okay button.  The Undo button will restore things to
the way they were before you started fiddling about.  The Quick page is a
notable exception.

See also:
Director Container page
Directory Container views page
Directory Container sort page
Collector Container views page
Collector Container sort page
Drive Tree page
Drive Tree sort/views page
Archive page
Viewers page
Compare page
Monolithic FM/2 page
General page
Scanning page
Bubble help page
Quick Configurations page


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.1. Directory Container page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls that affect Directory Containers.

If Unhilite after action is on, highlighted objects in the container are
unhighlighted after you perform some command on them.

Normally FM/2 updates the container as things change; for instance, if you're
deleting several files, the container is updated after each file is deleted.
If you uncheck Immediate updates, FM/2 updates the container after an atomic
action completes (i.e. after all files moved by one operation have been moved).
This speeds up processing but allows the container to be temporarily "out of
synch" with the real state of affairs.

The Look in directory toggle controls whether or not FM/2 looks inside an open
Directory Container when deciding what default to place in the Walk Directories
dialog for a copy or move command invoked via keyboard, menu or toolbar button.
If this is checked, FM/2 looks at the current item in the Directory Container
and, if it's a directory object, uses that path.  If not checked, FM/2 uses the
directory into which the Directory Container is "looking."

The Min dir on open toggle, if checked, causes FM/2 to minimize a Directory
Container window if you open another Directory Container window from one of its
objects.  When you close the new Directory Container window the old window is
restored.

The Selected Always toggle (NOT RECOMMENDED!) causes FM/2 to use selected
object(s) (rather than keying on the current object).

The No container search toggle, if checked, prevents FM/2 from performing
extended searching in containers -- instead, the standard OS/2 method is used,
where the cursor moves to the nearest object starting with the depressed letter
and the object is selected. Note that you can get this standard effect with
this toggle left on by pressing the Shift key along with the letter.  Container
searching allows you to enter multiple characters which are searched for at the
start of filenames.  The record is made the current (cursored) object. If the
record matches all the letters typed exactly, it is also selected.  A pause of
more than about two seconds in typing resets the search string.  Warning:  this
doesn't work right on some versions of Warp, where the OS/2 CM_SEARCHSTRING
container message's behavior is buggy.  It's not dangerous, it just doesn't
produce the expected results.

The Multiple select cnrs and Extended select cnrs checkboxes control the type
of selection in some new containers (existing containers are not affected).
Collector, Directory Container and Archive Containers created after these
settings are changed will have the type of selection desired (note:
unhighlighting both results in a single select container -- probably not
desirable).  The default is Extended select.

The Stay in Tree View switch, if checked, causes Directory Containers to remain
in Tree View (if already in Tree View, of course) when you switch the Directory
Container to look into a different directory.  Otherwise, FM/2 switches the
Directory Container back to the last used view before you put it into Tree
View.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.2. Directory Container views page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This settings page lets you set the type of view that will be used in new
Directory Container windows.  Directory Containers that are already open won't
be affected.

Icon  In Icon view, the object's name appears below its icon.

Name  In Name view, the object's name appears beside its icon.

Text  Text view is the fastest view for a container to maintain, but provides
the least information on the objects it contains.

Detail  Details view shows a great deal of information on the objects it
contains, including file sizes, dates, and times, but it is the slowest view
for a container control to maintain.

Mini Icons is a toggle controlling whether icons are shown full size or in
miniature in views that show icons.

The Field Titles group (analogous to the Views->Details Setup submenu) allows
you to control what is shown in a Details view.  Each possible field in the
details view is shown.  If the field is checked, FM/2 will show it.  If not, it
won't.

The Filter entry field shows the current default filter mask for Directory
Containers.  Moving to this field will bring up a dialog that lets you set a
new filter.  The filter will be used for subsequently created Directory
Containers.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.3. Directory Container sort page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page lets you set the type of sort for Directory Containers. Directory
Containers that are already open won't be affected immediately (see Resort
context menu command), but will use the new sort type the next time they're
resorted or rescanned.

You can also tell FM/2 to always display directories ahead of or behind files.
Note that Last access date and Creation date are only meaningful for HPFS file
systems; FAT file systems do not track this information.  The difference
between Pathname and Filename is only apparent in the Collector.  With the
former, the entire pathname of the object is used to sort.  With the latter,
only the filename portion is used to sort. FM/2 maintains separate sort
criteria for Drive Tree, Collector, Directory Container and Archive Container
windows.  This page affects only Directory Container sorting.  The Collector
has its own page; use a context menu or View pulldown menu for other container
types (like the Drive Tree).

Note:  This page controls how new Directory Containers are created (already
open containers are not affected), and the context menu in Directory Containers
affects only the Directory Container from which the menu was invoked (new
containers won't inherit the setting).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.4. Collector views page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This settings page lets you set the type of view that will be used in new
Collector windows.  If the Collector is already open it won't be affected
unless you close and reopen it.

Icon  In Icon view, the object's name appears below its icon.

Name  In Name view, the object's name appears beside its icon.

Text  Text view is the fastest view for a container to maintain, but provides
the least information on the objects it contains.

Detail  Details view shows a great deal of information on the objects it
contains, including file sizes, dates, and times, but it is the slowest view
for a container control to maintain.

Mini Icons is a toggle controlling whether icons are shown full size or in
miniature in views that show icons.

The Field Titles group (analogous to the Views->Details Setup submenu) allows
you to control what is shown in a Details view.  Each possible field in the
details view is shown.  If the field is checked, FM/2 will show it.  If not, it
won't.

The Filter entry field shows the current filter mask for the Collector.  Moving
to this field will bring up a dialog that lets you set a new filter.  The
filter will be used for subsequent invocations of the Collector.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.5. Collector sort page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page lets you set the type of sort for the Collector.  If the Collector
is already open it won't be affected immediately, (see Resort context menu
command), but will use the new sort type the next time it's resorted or
rescanned.

You can also tell FM/2 to always display directories ahead of or behind files.
Note that Last access date and Creation date are only meaningful for HPFS file
systems; FAT file systems do not track this information.  The difference
between Pathname and Filename is only apparent in the Collector.  With the
former, the entire pathname of the object is used to sort.  With the latter,
only the filename portion is used to sort. FM/2 maintains separate sort
criteria for Drive Tree, Collector, Directory Container and Archive Container
windows.  This page affects only Collector sorting.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.6. Drive Tree page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls that affect the Drive Tree.

The Follow Drive Tree toggle causes FM/2 to "follow" the current selected
directory in the Drive Tree (when you move the cursor in the tree, the
directory container changes to show the files in that directory without you
having to press [Enter] or double-click the directory).

The Double-click Opens toggle, if on, causes FM/2 to always open a new
Directory Container window when a Drive Tree directory is double clicked.  It's
probably not useful to have both this toggle and the Follow Drive Tree toggle
on simultaneously.

The Treetop on expand toggle, when on, causes a directory that is being
expanded in the Drive Tree to be moved to the top of the container.

If you check VTree->WPS folder, when running VTree a double-click on a
directory will open a WPS folder instead of an FM/2 Directory Container.

Switch on focus change tells FM/2 to find and make current in the Drive Tree
the directory of a Directory Container when you give the Directory Container
the focus (make it the active window).

Switch on directory change causes the Drive Tree to find and make current the
directory that a Directory Container has just changed to look into.

Collapse before switch makes the Drive Tree first collapse all expanded
branches in the tree before switching because of one of the two above switch
events.

Expand curr. after switch causes the Drive Tree to expand the branch of the
directory to which it just switched because of one of the two above switch
events.

The Show env. vars in Tree toggle determines whether FM/2 shows a few
environment variable lists (like PATH, DPATH and LIBPATH) in the Drive Tree.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.7. Drive Tree sort/views page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls that affect Drive Tree sorting and view type.

The Drive Tree will be updated with these settings when you close the Settings
notebook.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.8. Archive page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls relating to archivers and Archive Containers.

If the Show archiver activity toggle is checked, FM/2 runs archiver windows in
the foreground.  Normally it runs them in the background, minimized, so you'd
have to use the task list to pull them to the foreground if you want to see
them.

The Quick arc find toggle, if checked, causes FM/2 to check only files with
extensions that match those configured in ARCHIVER.BB2 as potential archives
during a drag and drop operation.  If you're dragging over files on a floppy or
network directory, this can speed things up a bit.

The Folder after extract toggle, if on, causes FM/2 to create a folder to hold
objects extracted from an archive via an Archive Container.  You'll be given an
opportunity to abort the folder creation or to decide where the folder will be
located and what it'll be named.

You can set a Default archiver so that, when you're archiving files and
directories, this archiver is the default for the Select Archiver dialog.

The Ext. Path field, if anything is in it, gives the default directory in which
to place extracted files.  Otherwise, FM/2 takes a wild, hairy guess about
where you want the extracted files to go (although it'll let you override
manually).  You can enter "*" as the extract path and FM/2 will use the
directory in which the archive resides.  The Find button can be used to find a
directory and fill this field in automatically.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.9. Viewers page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls relating to viewers.

Fast internal viewer causes FM/2 to use the faster (non-MLE) internal viewer
(unless you have an external viewing program defined). Without this checked,
FM/2 will use an internal MLE-based viewer/editor which can be considerably
slower, but does allow the option of editing files.  It is strongly suggested
that you check this option and use an external editor rather than the internal
editor, since editors are rather complex programs in their own right, and the
internal version is quite minimal.

The Guess view type toggle, if on, causes FM/2 to guess at the type of the file
being viewed (text or binary) and display it accordingly.

The Run Viewer as child session toggle causes FM/2 to run the Viewer program
(see below) as a child session.  The main result of this is that the Viewer
will close when FM/2 closes.

You can fill in the names of programs to run to view WWW (web -- http://) or
FTP (ftp://) internet components when they're encountered in text in the
internal viewers here.  In the faster (non-MLE) internal viewer,
double-clicking the line containing the component causes it to be viewed
(you're given a choice of component if there's more than one on the line).  For
WWW components, the prefacing "http://" is included.  For FTP components, the
prefacing "ftp://" is not included.  In the MLE-based internal viewer/editor,
you highlight the desired text and choose to view the component from a context
menu.  The command line that you enter here is automatically appended with a
space and then the component descriptor from the text.

FM/2 uses one of two internal viewers or an internal MLE-based editor if you
have no text viewer, binary viewer or text editor configured here. It's
recommended that you fill these fields in with whatever editors you like rather
than use the internals.  The Find button can be used to find a program and fill
these fields in automatically (see examples at that topic).  Don't forget that
you can cause FM/2 to automatically use many different types of viewing
programs based on the type of file using the Associations feature.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.10. Compare page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls related to comparing objects.

The Compare field gives a program that FM/2 will run when you compare two files
(or a file and a directory, which should compare the file to a file of the same
name in the directory, if possible).

If the Dir Cmp field is filled in, FM/2 runs that when directories are to be
compared.  FM/2 fills in the name of the two directories after the text entered
in this field -- no "%a" or other metastring is required.

The Find button can be used to find a program and fill these fields in
automatically (see examples at that topic).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.11. Monolithic FM/2 page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls that affect FM/2 when run as a monolithic program
(a Drive Tree and none or more Directory Containers contained within a larger
main window, including optional Toolbar, Quicklists, etc.).

The Viewer outside, INI viewer outside, Collector outside and Arcboxes outside
toggles, if checked, cause FM/2 to open windows of the corresponding kinds
outside the main FM/2 monolithic frame window.

The Quicklist switches toggle reverses the operation of the user directory
quicklist control -- if you click an item in the dropdown list without holding
down Shift, the last used Directory Container switches, if you hold down Shift
while clicking, a new Directory Container is opened.

The Recent Dirs toggle is a 3-position toggle.  If checked, FM/2 places
temporary entries for directories "visited" during a session to the user
directory quicklist and Walk Directories dialog.  If greyed, FM/2 also places
temporary entries for any directory chosen using the Walk Directories dialog.

The Separate parameters toggle tells FM/2 whether to use separate parameters
for many of the mini-apps (like VDIR and VTREE). If checked, you'll have to set
up each application separately, but configurations can be different than that
in the monolithic FM/2 application itself.  If you don't understand that, let's
try this: if you run the Visual Tree program a lot, you'll probably want to
check this.  Otherwise, you won't.

If you check the Free Drive Tree toggle, FM/2 will allow you to move the Drive
Tree Container.  Otherwise it "pins" it in the upper left corner of the client
window.

Normally FM/2 leaves a space below the Drive Tree just the right size for a
minimized window.  Checking the No space under Tree toggle causes FM/2 to start
without this space below the Drive Tree.

The Save state of dir windows toggle, if checked, causes FM/2 to "remember" the
directory windows that are open when you close FM/2 so that it can open them
again when you restart FM/2.  If you turn this on, be sure to play with the
Free Tree and Autotile toggles under the Windows menu to achieve the desired
effect (everyone will want a different effect).  You'll probably want to omit
any directories from the command line if you turn on this toggle.

If you turn on Autotile (it's on by default), FM/2 will retile the windows in
many cases to try to keep things neat.

If Split Status is checked, you get two status lines at the bottom of the FM/2
window instead of one.  The left status line typically contains information
about the current container, the right about the current object in the
container.  Cool.

The Start minimized and Start maximized toggles cause FM/2 to assume the
indicated state after startup.

The Minimize to databar toggle, if on, causes FM/2 to minimize to a small,
bar-shaped window (the databar) showing some system information.  The databar
can be run separately if desired -- look in the FM/2 folder.

The Tile horizontal toggle, if on, causes FM/2 to favor tiling windows so
they're taller than wide.  I suggest you think twice before doing this;
displaying files is basically a horizontal operation, not vertical (at least in
countries that read left to right or right to left).  In other words, using
this toggle will cause windows to be biased to display side-by-side rather than
one above another, which means that the horizontal reading space is limited,
resulting in more scrolling to see the information at the right side of the
window in Details view.

The Animate toggle, when on, causes internal FM/2 windows to be animated when
they open and close (if you have animation turned on in the WPS System object,
of course).  Silly.

The Blue/yellow LEDs toggle, when checked, causes FM/2 to display the thread
LED as blue (off) and yellow (on) LEDs rather than the default red (off) and
green (on) LEDs.  The change will not show up on the application window until
you close and then reopen FM/2.

The Show Target in Drivebar toggle, if on, tells FM/2 to display the Target
directory name, if any, at the right side of the Drivebar (the background
window that holds the Drive buttons -- see the Window layouts topic).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.12. General page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls that didn't seem to fit anywhere else.

Confirm delete controls whether FM/2 will ask you to confirm the deletion of
files (deleting directories or hidden/system files always requires
confirmation).  It is recommended that you leave this option on; FM/2 will let
you confirm all files on which you're acting from one dialog, so it has minimal
impact and provides a safety net.

The Verify disk writes toggle turns system-level write verification on and off.
This is like typing VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF at a command line.

The Don't move my mouse! toggle keeps FM/2 from moving your mouse (to place it
in the center of a popup menu or over the Okay button in some dialogs).  Some
people like the help, others don't.  Take your pick.

Link Sets Icon changes the action of a link-drag.  If this toggle is set, a
link drag causes FM/2 to try to set the icon of the target to the icon of the
first dropped object (if the first dropped object has no .ICON EA and is not an
icon file, the target's icon is reset.  Note that OS/2 sometimes buffers this
info and an icon change may not show up immediately).  If not set, a link drag
causes FM/2 to do a compare of the target with the dropped objects.

If Default action Copy is checked, FM/2's windows perform a copy rather than
move by default (note the highlighting on the mouse pointer as your cue).
Instead of pressing the Ctrl key to change a drag from a move to a copy, you'll
need to press the Shift key to change a drag from a copy to a move (don't ask
me why).  Note that this is the opposite of the standard OS/2 behavior, so know
what you're doing.  I remind you that pressing F1 when you have a target in an
FM/2 window will display some help on what the drag command would have
performed.

Someone didn't like the bar graphs on the drivespace controls of the databar,
so checking Boring databar will cause them to be displayed as drab old text, if
you prefer it that way.

FM/2 usually performs copy and move actions at the lowest "normal" priority
available.  If you'd like FM/2 to use a true "idle" priority, check the Idle
Copy toggle.  Warning:  if a DOS program is running, even in the background,
idle priority threads slow way down.  Performance at true idle with DOS
programs running may not be acceptable.

The Drag&drop dialog toggle, if checked, causes FM/2 to bring up a dialog
allowing you to select the action a drag and drop should perform.

Default delete perm. controls which type of deletion is the default for the
Delete context submenu.  If this is checked, the default is permanent (
unrecoverable) deletion.

FM/2 deletes dragged items controls whether FM/2 deletes dragged items, or the
target of the drag (usually the Shredder WPS object) performs the deletion.

If the Confirm target checkbox is checked, as it is by default, FM/2 allows you
to confirm the target directory to be used when you elect to move or copy file
system objects using menu or accelerator key commands.  Otherwise, the
operation is performed without intervention by you, moving or copying the
objects to the Target directory (if one is set, of course; otherwise, you're
prompted anyway).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.13. Scanning page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page contains controls related to how FM/2 scans your drives.

Uppercase names and Lowercase names control how FM/2 pretreats filenames before
inserting them into the container.  The default is not to change the case of
the filenames at all.  Changing these toggles will have an effect on the next
rescan.

If Load Subjects is checked, FM/2 loads object descriptions from their standard
WPS .SUBJECT EAs during scans.  If you change the state of this toggle, you'll
need to rescan to get the change to show up in FM/2's containers.  Note that
only the Details view shows Subjects. Subjects may be direct-edited when
showing in the container.  You can also pick Subject from a context menu,
whether Subjects are being loaded during scans or not, to view and optionally
change the object description.  You can turn this off to increase scanning
speed. You can also adjust this on a drive-by-drive basis from the command line
(see the READ.ME that came with FM/2).

If Load Longnames is checked, FM/2 loads the .LONGNAME extended attribute for
non-HPFS drives.  This attribute usually contains a long name for objects that
should be restored if the object is moved to an HPFS drive.  As for Subject,
Longnames are only shown in the Details view.  You can turn this off to
marginally increase scanning speed.  You can also adjust this on a
drive-by-drive basis from the command line (see the READ.ME that came with
FM/2).

If Load file icons and/or Load directory icons are checked, FM/2 will load the
icons of objects from the file system; otherwise it uses defaults.  Although
turning these off can speed up scanning, it makes for boring containers.  This
is PM, folks, enjoy the bells and whistles! You can also adjust this on a
drive-by-drive basis from the command line (see the READ.ME that came with
FM/2) so that you can, for instance, skip reading in icons from very slow
drives (CD or floppy, for example) and/or from disks containing only DOS
programs (DOS programs don't normally have special icons associated with them,
anyway).

Notes:  some very slow drives (like EZ and ZIP drives) will benefit from
turning off some of the automatic information gathering above.  Experiment and
adjust to taste. See also the Drive flags topic.

A few remote FSDs have bugs in their file finding functions, preventing a find
for more than one file at a time from working correctly. Symptoms range from
invalid data returned to trapping of the requesting application.  While you'd
think that these bugs would be fixed (and they are), new versions seem to
reintroduce them again.  Therefore, FM/2 provides the Remote find bug toggle.
If checked, FM/2 will only ask for one file at a time from remote drives.  This
is slower, but at least useable.  In the meantime, ask you system administrator
to upgrade the LAN software -- most of these bugs have been fixed in newer
versions.

If you turn this toggle off (it's on by default) and FM/2 starts behaving
strangely, turn it back off.  If FM/2 traps and you can't get to the settings
page, disconnect from the network, start FM/2, then turn off the toggle.  If
that's not possible for some reason, use FM/2's INI editor to view FM3.INI and
delete the "RemoteBug" keyword from the INI (which will cause FM/2 to revert to
the default setting).

If the Don't scan remov. is checked, FM/2 won't attempt to find subdirectories
on removable drives until you double-click the drive in the Drive Tree, so you
won't see a [+] sign beside removable drives even if they do contain
subdirectories until you double-click the drive. Floppy drives A: and B:
receive this treatment without this toggle; it's for other removable drives,
like CD-ROM drives.  This was added to allow folks with CD-ROM carousels to
avoid having each CD loaded and scanned automatically at FM/2 startup.

The Findbuf spin button controls how many files FM/2 searches for in one system
call.  The higher this number, the faster FM/2 works (with properly operating
FSDs that support "finding" more than one file at a time -- unfortunately, the
FSDs that can benefit the most from this, network FSDs, are the ones most often
broken), but the more memory is temporarily consumed as a container is filled.
If you habitually work with directories containing great numbers of files and
have sufficient memory, boosting this may be a good idea.  On the other hand,
if you are extremely limited in memory (less than 16 megs), reducing this might
be the thing to do.  The range is 16 to 2048, with 128 the default.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.14. Bubble help page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page controls where FM/2 shows bubble help.

Toolbar help determines whether FM/2 shows bubble help when the mouse pointer
passes over toolbar buttons.

Drivebar help controls whether FM/2 shows drive freespace when the mouse
pointer passes over drivebar buttons.  FM/2 will not show freespace for floppy
drives A: or B:, for CD-ROM drives, or for drives marked as Slow in the Drive
Flags dialog.

Other help enables all the other bubble help in FM/2.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.15. Quick configuration page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This page allows you to select from a few pre-configured setups for FM/2 in
general.  You'll see this page automatically the first time you run FM/2.  Pick
something that looks close to what you want without worrying too much about it
-- you can always change it later.  The idea is to give you some quick choices
about the general way you'd like FM/2 to look and behave, and allow you to
tweak specifics later as you get some experience with the program.

Default restores FM/2 to its default state, for the most part.

Max user interface activates most of FM/2's bells and whistles -- quicklists,
toolbar, autoview window, etc.

Min user interface turns off FM/2's toolbar, menus, etc. You'll have to use the
mouse and work from context menus and accelerator keys alone, but you'll have
the maximum amount of free space within the main FM/2 window.  Hint: The System
Menu contains the command to unhide the pulldown menu, if that's going too far
for you.

Max info, pretty puts FM/2's Directory Containers into their maximum
information state as attractively as possible.

Max info, plain puts FM/2's Directory Containers into their maximum information
state without caring about how pretty it looks. Consequently, more filenames
fit in a container at once.

Max filenames puts FM/2's Directory Containers into a state that allows the
most filenames per container.  Rather unattractive.

Max speed turns off some automatic information gathering to make FM/2 faster,
but displays get a bit "dumber."

1.x emulation sets up FM/2 3.x to behave somewhat like FM/2 1.x, with two
Directory containers one above the other.

DOS-think sets up FM/2 to look something like an older DOS file manager, with
two Directory containers side-by-side.

Windoze-think sets up FM/2 to look something like a Windows file manager, with
one Directory container.

Hector's way sets FM/2 up the way the author likes it.  Your mileage may vary.

You might also want to take a look at the "FM/2 Lite" object in the FM/2
folder.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.6.16. Find button ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The Find button can be clicked to bring up a dialog that will let you
point-and-click on a file or directory name that will be imported to the
current entry field.  For example, if you're in the Editor entry field and
click Find, you'll get a standard OS/2 open dialog which you may use to find
your editor executable.

Examples:

Editor:  "EPM.EXE %a"
or    "Q.EXE %a"
or    "VS.EXE %a"
or    "CMD.EXE /C START /C /FS EMACS.EXE %a"
Viewer:  "HVPM.EXE /K %a" (Hyperview PM, excellent viewer)
or    "LSTPM.EXE %a"
or    "LIST2.EXE %a"
Compare: "COMP.COM %a"
or    "CONTRAST.EXE %a"
or    "GFC.EXE %a"
or    "CMD.EXE /C MYCOMP.CMD %a"
DirCmp:  "PMDMATCH.EXE" (PMDirMatch, excellent directory comparitor)
Virus:  "OS2SCAN.EXE %p /SUB /A"

See also Metastrings.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11.7. Databar ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The databar can be set to appear when FM/2 minimizes (see Settings notebook's
Monolithic page). The databar shows swapper information, time and date, memory
information and process[/thread] information.

In addition, the databar can optionally show the free drive space on all local
fixed drives (and, optionally, remote drives).  To force a drive's information
bar to be updated immediately, click it once with B1. The drive information is
presented in both text and as a colored bar showing the amount of free space in
relation to the total drive's size.  The bar is usually green, but will turn
blue and then red as space decreases. When a bar is red, it's probably time to
do some archiving to get more free space on it (less than 10% of the drive
remains free).  Double-click if running the Databar free-standing to open a
VDir for the drive.

The swapper information includes the size of the swapfile, in kilobytes, and
the amount of free space on the drive holding the swapfile, again, in
kilobytes.  Double-click to open the Undelete program.  The memory information
includes the amount of free physical memory and total free memory (including
available swapspace), also in kilobytes. Double-click this field or the process
field to open the Kill Process program.

The time/date information is updated about once every three seconds. The other
information is updated about once every ten to sixty seconds. For about six
seconds of every minute the time/date field displays the elapsed system time
(how long the system's been up).  You can click the time/date field with B1 to
cause this info to show up briefly at any time, or double-click to open the
System Clock (hold down Shift while clicking to get its Settings).

You can move the databar by clicking and holding B1 on the databar and dragging
it.  You can request a context menu on the date/time window to adjust some
other items.  Double-clicking the databar anywhere but on the bottom four
fields with B1 will close it and restore FM/2 if you're not running the
DATABAR.EXE miniapp.  If you're running the miniapp, or just feel like it,
request a context menu on the databar and click the Close Window command.  This
context menu also lets you configure the databar (if drives are displayed, if
it floats to the top of other windows, etc.).

The databar can only be controlled by the mouse, so don't bother with it if you
don't have a mouse or are afraid of the rodent.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12. Windows Menu ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Windows submenu lets you control FM/2's child windows.  In addition, you
can select child windows to give the focus from the bottom of the menu.
Following is a discussion of the "permanent" commands on the menu.

Tile:

Causes child windows to be tiled.

Cascade:

Causes child windows to be cascaded.

Arrange Icons:

Causes any minimized icons at the bottom of the screen to be arranged neatly.

Dialog:

Brings up a dialog that lets you minimize, restore or close selected child
windows.  You can also chord the mouse on a blank portion of the main client
window to call up this dialog.

Restore:

Restores any minimized child windows.

Minimize:

Minimizes child windows.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12.1. Window List ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog lets you minimize, restore or close selected child windows. It's
accessed via toolbar button, Windows->Dialog or by chording on a blank portion
of the main client window.

Highlight the windows on which you want to act, then click the appropriate
button.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13. Context menus ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Context menus (also called popup menus) are used extensively in FM/2, just as
they are in the WPS.

Context menus are requested by placing the mouse pointer over a desired object
in a container (or over container whitespace) and clicking mouse button two
(B2, usually the right button).

Commands that affect the container as a whole are found in context menus
requested over whitespace (any empty area of the container).  Commands that
affect the objects within the container are requested over the object of
interest.  If an object is highlighted when a context menu is requested, the
commands will usually affect all highlighted objects; otherwise, any commands
will affect only the object over which the menu was requested (you'll see
visual feedback to this effect).

FM/2's Files menu shows the same menu that would be obtained if you requested a
context menu over the current object.  FM/2's Views menu shows the same menu
that would be obtained if you requested a context menu over the current
window's whitespace.  Note:  FM/2 Lite's pulldown menus are simplified, but the
context menus have all the commands available, so the Files and Views menus
aren't exact matches as in FM/2.

When a menu command leads to a dialog, the command name is followed by dots
(i.e. "Attributes...").  In cases where commands have accelerator key
equivalents, the accelerator key is listed after the command (i.e. "Info...
Ctrl + i").

See also:
Context menus affecting objects
Context menus affecting containers
Context menus affecting Drive Tree container


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.1. Context menus affecting objects ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 (Note that not all commands are available for all objects on all drives;
CD-ROM drives obviously wouldn't allow Delete and Move commands, for instance,
since they're read-only drives.)

These context menus are shadows of the Files pulldown menu. The View
conditional cascade submenu allows you to view the current object.  Since this
is a conditional cascade submenu, you can click on the button to get a list of
choices or click elsewhere to get a default viewing action (noted below).

Autoview views objects through the configured viewer.  This is the default for
the Files->View conditional cascade submenu when a file is the current object.
When you select Autoview, FM/2 guesses whether the file is text or binary data
and views it accordingly.

as text causes FM/2 to view the current file object as text, using the
configured text viewer or the internal if none is configured.

as binary causes FM/2 to view the current file object as binary data, using the
configured binary viewer or the internal if none is configured.  Binary data is
usually viewed as a hex dump. Information brings up a dialog telling you
everything you ever wanted to know about file system objects but were afraid to
ask. If you select this from a drive object (root directory) in the Drive Tree
container, you get a "drive information" dialog that lets you change the
drive's label. Otherwise, you get a comprehensive dialog that, besides showing
you all the pertinent information about the object, shows the object's icon.
That icon is important.  You can get a context menu on it, and you can drag
other objects onto it to change the object's icon.  If the object is an icon or
pointer file (*.ICO or *.PTR) you can use it to change a system pointer (for
instance, you could change OS/2's usual arrow pointer to a finger).  You can
draw pointers yourself using OS/2's ICONEDIT program, or find them pre-drawn in
several collections of icons and pointers freely available on BBSes.  This is
the default command for the Files->View conditional cascade submenu when the
current object is a directory. Multimedia attempts to play the objects via
MMPM/2 using FM2PLAY.EXE (from the FM/2 Utilities collection, distributed
separately in FM2UTILS.ZIP).  Obviously, the objects must be multimedia objects
(sound files, movies, midi files, etc.) for this to have the desired effect,
and MMPM/2 must be installed in your system.  Note:  for this command to work
properly with large numbers of files (where the length of the resultant command
line would exceed the OS/2 command line length limit of 1000 characters), you
must have a version of FM2PLAY.EXE that supports the /# command line switch. To
test your version of FM2PLAY.EXE, run FM2PLAY /? and see if /# is listed as a
supported switch.  If not, upgrade to a new version of the FM/2 Utilities.

Update objects updates objects by refreshing the information FM/2 has on them
from disk to make sure it's current (an alternative to rescan for special
situations).

Hide objects hides objects (removes them from view in the container) until you
rescan, use the Filter dialog or switch directories.

The Edit conditional cascade submenu allows you to edit the current object.
Since this is a conditional cascade submenu, you can click on the button to get
a list of choices or click elsewhere to get a default editing action (noted
below).

Autoedit edits objects through the configured editor.  This is the default for
the Files->Edit conditional cascade submenu when a file is the current object.
When you select Autoedit, FM/2 guesses whether the file is text or binary data
and edits it accordingly.

as text causes FM/2 to edit the current file object as text, using the
configured text editor or the internal if none is configured.

as binary causes FM/2 to edit the current file object as binary data, using the
configured binary editor.  Binary data is usually edited as a hex dump.  No
default binary editor is provided at this time, but that may change. Extended
Attributes allows you to view an object's extended attributes (EAs) and to edit
and add text attributes. Attributes leads to a dialog that sets objects'
attributes and (optionally) date/time. This is the default for the Files->Edit
conditional cascade submenu when a directory is the current object.

Subject allows you to give an object a description.  This makes use of the same
EA (.SUBJECT) that the WPS uses for object descriptions -- you can see and edit
it on the File page of an object's Settings notebook. Rename allows you to
rename objects.  You are notified of conflicts as they occur.  An easier method
for renaming one object is to point at its text, hold down the ALT key, and
click mouse button one; however, this command allows you to use wildcards when
renaming if you desire. Delete deletes objects.  If the Confirm Delete toggle
is on or one or more directories are among the selected objects, you get a
dialog showing the selected objects and asking you to confirm that you really
meant what you said. In that dialog you have a chance to remove some of the
objects.  If you have Undelete enabled for the drive on which the objects
reside, they may be recoverable. Permanent Delete deletes objects as above, but
they will not be recoverable (which may make the deletion faster).  It should
be noted that when deleting directory objects, the file objects within the
directory can never be recovered, but deleting all the file objects inside a
directory (rather than the directory itself) allows things to be recovered if
you use the Delete command above rather than this Permanent Delete command and
have Undelete enabled (type HELP UNDELETE at a command line for more
information on enabling Undelete). Print prints text files. It'd be a good idea
to have a printer to which to print, and have configured it first, before
trying to use this.  If using the standard WPS, be sure you have a printer
object configured for the device you've told FM/2 to use, or you may wind up
with FM/2's printing thread blocked for eternity awaiting access to a
nonexistent or inaccessible device. Actually, if using the standard WPS, it's
recommended that you simply drag files to the printer object and drop them
instead of using this command. Move and Copy move or copy objects.  Drag and
drop is recommended over using the menu commands for moving and copying. When
using the menu commands, the Walk Directories dialog appears to allow you to
select a target directory.

Copy and rename and Move and rename allow you to change the names of the
destination files as you copy and move using the standard rename dialog.  You
can also copy or move with wildcarding, like you can from the command line
(COPY thisfile.txt *.bak) by using wildcards in the filename portion of the
destination.

Copy and preserve and Move and preserve are only available in the Collector and
See all files windows.  These commands copy or move the selected files but
preserve the directory relationship of the files.  The effect of this can be
non-obvious, so use with care.

Let's say you select three files: G:\FOO\BAR\DUDE, G:\FOO\BAR\WOW\DUDE and
G:\FOO\BAR\RUFF\DUDE.  If you select Copy and preserve and pick a destination
directory of H:\HERE, the resultant files will be H:\HERE\DUDE,
H:\HERE\WOW\DUDE and H:\HERE\RUFF\DUDE.

Note that drives are not considered when preserving directory relationships, so
if one of our three files above resided on drive F:, the results would be the
same.

Merge lets you merge several files together into a single file (you get to set
the order of the files to be merged and the name of the file to which they're
merged).

WPS Copy and WPS Move work like their standard counterparts, except that WPS
techniques are used.  There is more overhead using this method, so only use it
when you need it -- for example, when moving a directory containing a program
suite to maintain the link between program objects and the program executables
in the directory.  Shadow builds WPS shadow objects on your desktop (or other
selected folder) for selected object(s).  You can also create Real Objects
(except for directories, for which you can only create shadow objects).  Both
these options (where applicable) are in a conditional cascade submenu called
Create Objects, with Shadows as the default command. The Open conditional
cascade submenu allows you to open an object's Settings notebook, open
directories as WPS Folders, or open a new FM/2 Directory Container window for
directories (the default for directories).  Note that when WPS Folders are
opened, they come up in the background.  This is an OS/2 bug, and IBM has been
notified. Opening a file's Default view will honor any OS/2 associations that
you have setup.  Remember that F6 or Ctrl + double-click opens an object's
default WPS view, and Ctrl + Shift + double-click opens an object's WPS
Settings notebook. Archive allows you to build an archive containing the
selected object(s). Extract allows you to extract files from selected archives.

UUDecode decodes files that were encoded with UUEncode, a common protocol on
the Internet.  Files created by UUDecoding are appended if they already exist.
Save to clipboard allows you to save selected objects to the clipboard as a
text list, one per line.  This is a good way to transfer selections of files to
other programs; for instance, you might copy a list of files to the clipboard
and feed it to a terminal program to send the files over a modem or network.
Save to list file lets you save selected objects as a list to a text file.
Lists can include file sizes, subjects, etc.

Collect File(s) calls up the Collector and places the selected files and
directories into it.  You can also open the Collector and drag things into it.

Collect List in file(s) collects the files listed inside the selected files
(see Save to list file above).  The filename should be the first item on each
line of the list.  If spaces are contained in the filenames, enclose the
filenames in "quote marks." Filenames must be full pathnames
(d:\path\filename).  Directories as well as files can be Collected.

Quick Tree appears in Directory Containers.  You can use this to quickly select
a subdirectory into which to switch the Directory Container.  Obviously, if
there are no subdirectories to select from, FM/2 will ignore this command
except to tell you.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.2. Context menus affecting containers ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 These context menus are shadows of the Views pulldown menu.

Icon switches the container to Icon view; the object's name appears below its
icon.

Name switches the container to Name view; the object's name appears beside its
icon.

Text switches the container to Text view.  Text view is the fastest view for a
container to maintain, but provides the least information on the objects it
contains.

Details switches the container to Details view.  Details view shows a great
deal of information on the objects it contains, including file sizes, dates,
and times, but it is the slowest view for a container to maintain.

Mini Icons is a toggle controlling whether icons are shown full size or in
miniature in views that show icons.

The Details Setup submenu allows you to control what is shown in a Details
view.  Each possible field in the details view for the drive type is shown.  If
the field is checked, FM/2 will show it.  If not, it won't.  Set the current
view to Details view and you can see the changes as they occur.  Note that for
Directory Containers, the context menu items change the current container only.
Use the internal Settings notebook to change the default for subsequently
created containers.  Rescan rescans the directory associated with a container,
or the drive from the current object down in a tree container.  FM/2 tries very
hard to keep all its windows up to date, but things outside FM/2 can cause
changes that FM/2 cannot know about automatically.  This command will ensure
that your display is current.

The Sort submenu allows you to control how objects are sorted based on several
criteria.  You can also tell FM/2 to always display directories ahead of or
behind files.  Note that Last access date and Creation date are only meaningful
for HPFS file systems; FAT file systems do not track this information.  The
difference between Pathname and Filename is only apparent in the Collector.
With the former, the entire pathname of the object is used to sort.  With the
latter, only the filename portion is used to sort.  FM/2 maintains separate
sort criteria for Drive Tree, Collector, Directory Container and Archive
Container windows.  See Directory Container sort page and Collector Container
sort page.  Note that Ctrl + F7 will call up the Sort menu for a given
container.  The internal Settings notebook can be used to set the default for
subsequently opened Directory Containers -- the context menu item sets the sort
for _this_ container only.

Resort resorts items in a container.  If you have more than one Directory or
Archive Container window open, selecting a new sort type only causes the
container in which you requested the context menu to resort itself (although
the change will affect all future rescans, resorts and insertions in that type
of container).  This command lets you resort a container so that the new sort
type is reflected in the display. Filter leads to a dialog that lets you set
filemasks and attributes for objects to include in the container's display.
Note:  For Directory Containers, this sets the default for _this_ container.
Use the internal Settings notebook to change the defaults for subsequently
created containers.

Parent moves directory containers to the previous (parent) directory.

Previous Directory returns the container to the last directory. This is sort of
like a one-step "undo" when you switch a container to look at a different
directory. Walk Directories leads to a dialog that lets you walk through your
directory structures, or recall user-defined directories.

Show all files is a command available on directory objects and in the container
menu of Directory Containers.  It invokes the See all files window and shows
all the files in the directory and all its subdirectories. The Select submenu
gives you many ways to highlight and unhighlight objects in a container.  This
lets you quickly build sophisticated selection sets of objects upon which you
can perform tasks.

You can select (or deselect) all files, all directories or all objects. You can
also select (or deselect) everything matching a mask string which can contain
wildcards, select (or deselect) filenames stored in the clipboard or a list
file and invert the current selections (highlight what isn't, unhighlight what
is).

Finally, FM/2 offers a full set of Compare Selection tools that let you select
and deselect files based on how they compare to unfiltered files in all other
open Directory Containers (available only in Directory Containers).  To give
you an idea how this might be helpful, imagine that you just hit the [Enter]
key in the middle of typing a copy command, when you were reaching for the
backslash key to complete a path. Before you realize what's happening and can
hit Ctrl-C, you copied fifty files from a data directory to the root directory
of your boot drive (you shoulda used FM/2! :-).  Now you want to get rid of
them, but you don't want to pick each one.  Open the data directory and the
root, choose "Select if in all," then delete the selected files in the root
directory.  You're done.

These powerful selection tools are where a file manager really outshines
command line file management, so be sure to take a look at them.  Note that
Ctrl + F8 will call up the Select menu for a given container.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.3. Context menus affecting Drive Tree container ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Expand expands the tree from the point where the context menu was requested to
the bottom of the branch.  This isn't the same as clicking the [+] symbol as it
expands all branches.

Collapse collapses the tree from the point where the context menu was requested
to the bottom of the branch.  This isn't the same as clicking the [-] symbol as
it collapses all branches.

Optimize runs a .CMD file with the name <Filesystem>OPT.CMD, giving the drive
to optimize as a command line argument.  Therefore, for a FAT drive C:
"FATOPT.CMD C:" would be run (through the command interpreter defined in
%COMSPEC% or CMD.EXE if none is defined) and for an HPFS drive D: "HPFSOPT.CMD
D:".  CMD files are supplied with FM/2 that call utility programs from
FM2UTILS.ZIP (a separate collection of free-for-the-using utilities, sometimes
named FM2UTL.ZIP).  You may modify these command files as required for your
system, even to call other programs than those supplied.  Always be sure to
check the disk before trying to optimize it, and (in the case of the FAT
optimizer) it's a good idea to back up first.  You shouldn't run the FAT
optimizer on compressed drives -- use the utilities that came with your
compression program instead.

Check Disk runs PMCHKDSK.EXE on the selected drive.  This tests the drive and
can correct some deficiencies.  This is available only in context menus
requested on drives (root directories).  Note that OS/2 cannot correct defects
on disks that are in use by the system or programs (including FM/2).

Format Disk runs PMFORMAT.EXE on the selected drive. Formatting a disk will
destroy any information already on the disk. This is available only in context
menus requested on drives (root directories). Make Directory allows you to
create new directories.  The name of the directory where you requested the
context menu is filled in as a starting point for convenience.  Directories may
be created many levels deep in one pass.

Sizes brings up a dialog showing how many bytes are in the selected directory
and its subdirectories.

Eject ejects removable media from drives (for instance, opens the door of a CD
ROM drive).

Lock locks a removable drive.

Unlock unlocks a removable drive.

Partitions calls up FDISKPM.EXE to allow you to modify the partitions on your
hard drives.  Extreme caution should be exercised; read the help!

The Drives submenu lets you select a root directory and the Drive Tree will
scroll to show that directory, and make it the current object.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.4. Merging files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog allows you to order the files to be merged (they're shown in the
listbox at the top of the dialog) and set the Target (the file that will
contain the merged files).  The Merge command is under the Files->Copy
conditional cascade menu.

When you click Okay, each file, in order, is appended to the Target filename.
The merged files are not deleted.  If Append is checked, the Target file is
appended if it exists; otherwise, it's overwritten by the first merge file.  If
Binary is checked, the files are copied in binary mode; otherwise, they're
copied in text mode.

To order the files, select a listbox item and click either Top or Bottom.  You
can also Remove a highlighted file from the list.  If you need to, you can Undo
the changes you've made and put the listbox back like it was when the dialog
first came up.

If you want to edit a file, double-click it in the listbox.

When you're done, click Okay.  If you changed your mind, click Cancel.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.5. Save list to file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This command allows you to save the list of selected files to a disk file (or
to a printer; enter PRN for the file name to which to save the list).

The Save as entry field contains the name of the file to which the list will be
saved.  The Find button calls up a standard OS/2 open dialog to let you point
and click at a file.  If the file exists, it will be appended.  Hint:  You can
enter PRN as the filename to print the list.

The listbox below this contains patterns you've saved in the past (use the Add
button to add the current pattern (the one in the entry field), and the Del
button to remove the currently highlighted pattern from the listbox).  You can
select one of the patterns in the listbox to avoid retyping it (as you
highlight a pattern in the listbox it'll appear in the entry field). The
patterns are saved in a file named PATTERNS.DAT, one per line.

The Pattern entry field contains a pattern that will be used to format the
list.  Metastrings may be used to cause parts of a file description to be
written where desired (see below).  Also note that the pattern is run through a
C-style escape encoder, so that \x1b would be interpreted as an ESCAPE
character, \r\n as a carriage return and linefeed "newline," and \\ is required
to get a single '\' character.

When everything's set as you want it, click Okay to save the list.  Click
Cancel if you change your mind.

Metastrings and their meanings (note: these are different from those used in
command lines):

%s    subject (description)
%S    subject padded to 40 chars
%z    file size
%Z    file size padded to 13 chars
%e    EA size
%E    EA size padded to 5 chars
%d    last write date
%t    last write time
%l    longname
%L    longname padded to 40 chars
%f    filename (no path)
%F    filename (no path) padded to 13 chars
%p    full pathname
%P    directory only (no file)
%$    drive letter
%%    percent sign

Note that you can manipulate list files from REXX.  An EXAMPLE.CMD is included
in the FM/2 archive to show you how it's done.  REXX scripts written in this
manner can be effectively used as Commands.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.6. Renaming ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

When you rename a file sytem object other than by Direct Editing, or a naming
conflict arises, you get the Rename dialog.  Note that not all the controls
discussed appear for simple rename procedures -- some are applicable only when
copying or moving files.

The dialog displays the Source filename and proposed Target filename, along
with information about both objects.

Below these two fields is an outlined text box that attempts to give you
directions on what to do (usually to change the target filename -- when
renaming, the target name is initially the same as the source name). If the
target file exists, you will be told whether the source is larger or smaller,
older or newer.  You will be told whether the source and target are files or
directories.  Sometimes you may see a warning "cannot access source."  This
means that FM/2 could not open the source file in a test, and may indicate that
the file is already in use and thus OS/2 may not allow it to be renamed, moved
or copied.  You can use this information display to make decisions more easily.

After entering the new target name, click Okay.  If the new target name exists,
the display will be updated to reflect the new information.  You can, at that
point, enter a new name to avoid the conflict or click Overwrite (which will
destroy the old target file, keeping in mind that you can't overwrite a file
with itself).  Skip can be used to skip one file when you are renaming several
in one action; nothing will be done for that file.  Click Cancel if you change
your mind and want to abort the whole thing.

The Rename Existing button allows you to rename (move) the existing file system
object which is causing a naming conflict.  For example, if you are trying to
copy a file to "C:\MYFILE" and a "C:\MYFILE" already exists, you could change
the target name as desired, click Rename Existing to rename (move) the existing
file out of the way, then click Okay to continue the copy operation.

The Overwrite if target older or same,  Overwrite if target newer and Don't ask
again checkboxes can be used in combination to avoid seeing this screen again
for naming conflicts. Files which have existing targets that do not match an
overwrite characteristic will be automatically skipped.  For example, if you
don't check either of the Overwrite... checkboxes, all existing files will be
skipped, but if you check the ...older checkbox, all existing files older than
the source file will be overwritten, while existing files newer than the source
file will be skipped.  Exception:  You will always be prompted if you try to
overwrite a directory with a file.

Wildcard characters '?' and '*' can be used in the target name -- behavior is
OS/2 standard.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.7. Filter container ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog allows you to filter what's shown in a container.  A filemask or
filemasks can be used to filter, and so can file attributes (except for archive
listings where attributes are not applicable).  In addition, you can set
attributes that _must_ be present on the objects to be shown (for instance, if
you check Hidden in the "Must-have Attribs" group, only objects with their
hidden attribute set will show up).  You can specify whether FM/2 should always
show directories whether they match the mask(s) or not by checking the Always
show directories checkbox to keep them visible.

To be sure that everything in a container is displayed, clear any filemask,
check all attributes in the Attribs groupbox and clear all attributes in the
Must-have Attribs groupbox.  You can click the All button to set the filter to
show everything.

As you enter filemasks they're saved for later redisplay in this dialog's
listbox.  If a filemask desired is in the listbox you can use it by selecting
it (double-clicking it).  You can get rid of a mask in the listbox by
highlighting it and clicking Delete.

Multiple filemasks can be used by separating the masks with semi-colons.

"No filemask" can be quickly entered by just clicking the Clear and Okay
buttons, or "*" can be used.

Wildcard matching is not case-sensitive.

If a filename does not have a period, an implicit one is automatically appended
to the end during matching operations.

Some characters have the following special meaning:

 ?  A question mark matches one character, unless what it would match is a
period, slash or backslash, in which case it matches no characters.

 *  An asterisk matches characters from the source to the target until it finds
a filename character that matches the non-wild character following it in the
filemask, or a period, slash, backslash or the end of the filename and/or
filemask.

Therefore, "*.f?o" matches "anything.foo" but not "anything.foe".

Up to 24 masks may be "cascaded" by separation with semicolons. When specifying
multiple filemasks, you can use '/' as the first character of a mask to mean
_don't_ match this filespec.  Exclusions should usually be listed before
inclusions to attain the desired effect.

Filemask examples:

/*.obj;/*.res;*                      (Show all but *.obj and *.res files)
*.c;*.h                              (Show only C source and header files)
*.ico                                (Show only icon files)
*.zip;*.lzh;*.zoo;*.arj;*.arc;*.rar  (Show only archive files)
*                                    (Show everything)

A reminder:  CD-ROM files are marked ReadOnly and will not appear in your
containers unless you have the ReadOnly attribute on (checked).  If you copy
these files to your hard drive the ReadOnly attribute goes with them; use the
menu command Files->Edit->Attribs (Ctrl + a accelerator) to reset it (you can
do this to multiple files at once).

This dialog also appears when you are selecting or deselecting file system
objects using a mask.  In this case, attribute information will be greyed out
and an additional entry field (Text:) appears.  You can enter text into this
entry field, and only files containing the text and matching the mask(s) will
be (de)selected.  The title bar will remind you why you called up the dialog.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.8. Drive Info ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 will show you information about the drive from which you chose the Info
command in a context menu.

For writeable drives, you can change the drive's label here by changing the
text in the entry field and clicking Okay.

The dialog box shows you the type of file system, volume label, total and
available sizes of the drive (megabytes, kilobytes and units), tells you how
the drive's resources are parceled into units, gives the drive's serial number
and some flags.

These flags indicate special properties about the drive, like Removable (the
drive allows its media to be removed and changed) or Not Writeable (the drive
does not allow changes to be written to it).

Additionally, each drive has some flags that you, the user, can set, to tell
FM/2 that you want the drive treated in some special manner. For example, you
can set a "NoLoadIcons" flag to prevent FM/2 from going to the disk to get a
file system object's icon (a default is used instead), which can speed up
scanning on slow drives. You can change the drive's editable flags using the
Edit->Drive flags command.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.9. Object Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This comprehensive dialog tells you just about everything there is to know
about file system objects.  If information is being displayed for more than one
object, the objects may be scrolled through in the listbox at the top of the
dialog.

Note the object's icon is shown.  It's useable -- you can get a context menu on
it, or you can drag other objects onto it to change the object's icon.

You can edit an object's EAs or WPS Settings notebook (Properties) by clicking
the appropriate button.  If you want to see inside a file, double-click it in
the listbox.

Click Okay when you're through examining the objects.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.10. Attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog allows you to set the attributes and (optionally) date and time of
all objects in a selected group from one popup dialog.  The dialog presents you
with spinboxes to change the date and time (defaults to current time and date)
and checkboxes to set the attributes (ReadOnly, System, Hidden and Archived).
You can also modify the selected list of objects by pushing the Select button.
If you only want to change the objects' attributes and not their date and time,
uncheck the Use Date/Time checkbox.

The initial state of the checkboxes and date/time spinbuttons has no
relationship to the actual state of the objects being manipulated if more than
one object was selected and acted upon by the command.  This command affects
all selected objects at once.

The attribute checkboxes are "3-state" checkboxes.  This type of checkbox can
have three different meanings:  reset attribute (cleared box), set attribute
(checked box), or ignore attribute (greyed box, "indeterminate state," meaning
leave this attribute unchanged).  Note that checking the Use Date/Time
checkbox, setting the date/time to the current date/time, and leaving the
attribute checkboxes greyed results in a "touch" of the file system objects
selected for the command (works like the *nix Touch command -- if you don't
know what that is, don't worry too much).  You can use the Leave all attrs
button to grey all the attribute checkboxes at once.  If all attribute
checkboxes are already greyed, clicking this button causes the attributes and
date/time of the first item in the listbox to be assigned to the controls of
the dialog.

If you want to see inside a file, double-click it in the listbox.

Click Okay when done, or Cancel to abort.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.11. Print files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog, which appears before a selected group of one or more files is to
be printed, lets you finalize your selection and set the parameters to be used
when printing occurs.

The listbox at the top of the dialog contains the files that are to be printed.
You can unhighlight (deselect) any files that you do not want to print.  Hint:
you might need to hold down the Ctrl key while clicking to unhighlight the
first file.

At the bottom of the dialog you can tell FM/2 whether to use formatted
printing, which performs pagination for you, or to print the text file raw (it
should already be paginated). You can also specify the printer to which output
should go (default is PRN, the default system printer, but you could specify
LPT1, LPT2, etc., or even a text file).  Note that FM/2's printing is really
meant for situations in which the PM printer objects and spooler aren't
available -- you can just drag objects to the printer objects otherwise.

The rest of the controls are used to determine how FM/2 should format the text
file for printing.  You can specify the width and length of the page (in
columns and rows respectively), how many lines to leave blank for bottom and
top margins, how many characters to leave blank for left and right margins,
whether to print pages sequentially or print first odd pages, then even pages
(Alternate pages).  You can specify the line spacing used (1 for single-spaced,
2 for double-spaced, etc.), and tell FM/2 if it needs to print a formfeed
before and/or after each file it prints.

Click Okay when you're ready to print.  Click Cancel if you changed your mind
and don't want to print anything.

Notes:

Not all files will print well with formatted printing turned on.  The file
should not contain any control codes aside from carriage returns and linefeeds.
The file's lines should be short enough to fit within the confines of width -
(left margin + right margin).  For files that were formatted to be viewed
on-screen, this may mean setting your printer to use a narrower typeface and
increasing the width parameter in the FM/2 print setup dialog above 80.  Refer
to your printer documentation for how to change the default font.

When printing Alternate pages, FM/2 reverses the left and right margins when
printing even numbered pages.  This is designed to let you print front and back
(page 2 on the back of page 1, etc.) and then bind the result along the left
side (left of page 1, right of page 2, etc.).  FM/2 will first print the odd
numbered pages, beginning with page 1, then prompt you before beginning to
print the even numbered pages, beginning with page 2, thereby allowing you to
reload the printer so as to print on the back sides of the already printed
pages.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.12. Shadow ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 has the ability to create shadows of objects on your WPS desktop (or in
other WPS folders).  To create shadows, select objects in an FM/2 window, then
select Shadow from a context menu or the Files pulldown submenu (Create Objects
submenu).

If only one shadow is being created, the shadow is placed directly into the
folder you specify.  If more than one shadow is being created, FM/2 first
prompts you for the name of a folder.  This folder is then created on the
desktop and the shadows are placed inside that folder. You can move the shadows
or folder elsewhere after that.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.13. Real Objects ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 has the ability to create objects on your WPS desktop (or in other WPS
folders).  To create objects, select objects in an FM/2 window, then select
Real Objects from a context menu or the Files pulldown submenu (Create Objects
submenu).

If only one object is being created, the object is placed directly into the
folder you specify.  If more than one object is being created, FM/2 first
prompts you for the name of a folder.  This folder is then created on the
desktop and the objects are placed inside that folder. You can move the objects
or folder elsewhere after that.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.14. Extract from archives ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To extract from an archive, select the archive(s), then select Extract from a
context menu.

FM/2 presents you with a dialog that allows you to select the method of
extraction, add masks for files to extract, tweak the command line for exotic
settings, and select the extraction directory (the directory to which the files
will be extracted.  You can drag file system objects onto the Extract Directory
entryfield to set the extraction directory, or you can type in one you like, or
click the Walk button.

If you check the Remember... checkbox, this dialog will remember some of its
settings for the next time you use it.  Uncheck it and it'll forget them and
use the defaults.

Click Okay to begin extracting from the archive, or Cancel if you change your
mind.

You can also extract files from the archive in the Archive Container window
using that window's menus; double-click an archive file in an FM/2 main window
to view the archive listing.

Notes:

I have a copy of ARC.EXE here that's 'broken' in that it won't extract files
unless given a DOS filemask (for instance, to extract all files you need to
enter *.* (not *) in the masks field). FM/2 normally gives no filemasks as the
argument when you want to extract everything, which every other archiver in the
world understands.

The ZIP/UNZIP programs are case sensitive even though OS/2 itself is not, so,
for example, trying to extract "*.PKT" when the file inside the archive is
"01234567.pkt" will fail to extract the file -- you'd have to use "*.pkt".  If
in doubt, use both.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.15. Build an archive ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To build an archive, select some files, then select Archive from a context
menu.  You can add files to an existing archive by link-dragging them onto the
archive object, or dragging them onto an Archive Container window.

FM/2 will ask you for the type of the archive by presenting you with a listbox
from which to pick an archiver. After that, another dialog appears to let you
modify how the archive will be created.  Additional masks may be entered
(remember that the ZIP and UNZIP programs are case sensitive), the archiver
command line tweaked, and so forth. Click Okay to create the archive, or Cancel
if you change your mind.

Note that the archive name may be an existing archive, in which case it's
modified by adding the new files.  If some of the files are already in the
archive, they're replaced.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.16. Extended Attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog allows you to view and edit text Extended Attributes (EAs) for an
object.  Binary EAs may be viewed but not edited.  You'd have to be the sort
who enjoys programming on a hex keypad to want to edit a binary EA...

There are three types of EAs that FM/2 can view and edit (the only three types
that have meaning to humans):

ASCII EAs are shown in an entry field.

Multi-value single-type EAs are shown in an MLE control if the type is text.
Each line represents one 'record' of the EA.

Multi-value mult-type EAs are also shown in an MLE control if all types are
text.  Each line represents one 'record' of the EA.

In general, if you don't know the purpose of an EA you shouldn't change it.  In
particular, EA names beginning with a period (i.e. .TYPE), as these EAs are
used by the WPS.  An exception is the .SUBJECT EA, for which FM/2 provides a
special context menu item.  This EA is used to store a simple text description
of an object.  FM/2's details views can show this description and allow you to
direct-edit it.

To view a particular EA, select its name in the listbox in the middle of the
dialog. The EA type will be shown on a text field toward the bottom of the
dialog, and if it's a human-editable type the appropriate control will appear
to display it; otherwise, a hex dump is shown in a listbox. If you edit the EA,
a Change button can be clicked to save your changes. You can delete EAs, but do
so with extreme caution and at your own risk. Otherwise, click Okay when done.

If you're viewing EAs for more than one object, you can change the current
object by scrolling the listbox containing the names of the objects at the top
of the dialog. If you want to see inside a file, double-click it in the
listbox.

See EAUTIL in OS/2's Command Reference for more information on EAs and how to
manipulate them.  Note that this dialog is not meant to be a full-featured
super-powerful EA editor (though it does a decent job with text EAs and beats
the pants off what comes with other file managers -- if anything at all comes
with them, that is).  You can use Config->Edit Commands to add such an external
EA editor to a list of commands that you can run on selected files, if desired.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.16.1. Adding an Extended Attribute ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

To add an extended attribute (EA), enter its name in the top entry field, then
select a type for it from the radio buttons.  Click Okay to create it, Cancel
to abort.

OS/2 defines several Standard Extended Attributes (SEAs):

.ASSOCTABLE is a multi-value multi-type (MVMT) EA.  FM/2 will not create one of
these, but you can with the Association page of a program object in the WPS.

.CLASSINFO is a binary attribute.  FM/2 will not create one of these, but the
WPS does automagically as required.

.ICON is an icon attribute.  FM/2 will not create one of these via the EA
dialog, but you can change the icon of a file system object in other, more
direct, ways with FM/2.

.CODEPAGE is an attribute (don't know the type).  FM/2 won't make one.

.TYPE is an MVMT attribute (see a file object's Type Settings page).

.SUBJECT is an ASCII attribute (see a file object's File page). This describes
the object.  FM/2 makes use of these for you.

.COMMENTS is an MVMT attribute (see a file object's third File page).

.KEYPHRASES is an MVMT attribute (see a file object's third File page).  OS/2
documentation describes this as an MVST, but the WPS objects create MVMTs.

.HISTORY is an MVMT attribute (see a file object's third File page).

.LONGNAME is an ASCII attribute that gives the full name of a file when stored
on a file system that doesn't support long filenames (like FAT).  Sometimes
you'll see them even on files stored on HPFS drives, when invalid characters
(invalid for the file system, like a colon not used for a path separator, for
example) are used.

.VERSION is an ASCII attribute that gives some sort of version information.

When creating attributes of your own, you should not begin them with a period.
Try using a convention like "JOES.ATTRIBUTE" (yourname.attribtag) to make sure
it doesn't conflict with the WPS or any apps you may run.

.SUBJECT, .COMMENTS and .KEYPHRASES can be modified, deleted and added by the
user without problem.  The other standard EAs are the domain of apps and the
WPS and should be left alone.  You can, of course, create your own EAs and
manipulate them with REXX or other types of programs.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.17. Total size of directories ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog's container contains a breakdown of disk usage for a directory and
its subdirectories.  The container is reached by selecting Miscellaneous->Sizes
from a tree directory's context menu or by running the Dir Sizes program object
from the FM/2 Tools subfolder created by INSTALL.

The container displays a tree view of a directory and all its subdirectories.
Expand and Collapse buttons allow you to quickly open and close branches of the
tree.  After the container has completely filled, each record displays the
object's name and four numbers, as in:

  ADIR  4096k + 8192k = 12288k (8.24%)

The first number is the percentage of the used space this directory contains,
in relation to the total used space on the drive.  The first number is the
number of kilobytes occupied by the directory and any files and subdirectories
it contains.  The second number indicates the total number of kilobytes
occupied by all subdirectories and their files and subdirectories.  The third
number is the total of the first and second (addition performed on byte count
before rounding to kilobytes). The percentage in parentheses is the percentage
of the space used by the tree that this directory contains of the entire tree
displayed.  A graph appears below the line displaying a "picture" of this
percentage.

FM/2 also color-codes the text describing the directory.  Black text indicates
that something is below the directory.  Blue text indicates that nothing is
below the directory (note there may be subdirectories, but they are empty).
Grey text indicates that the directory is totally empty.

The first (parent) item in the tree shows the percentage of the drive used by
the entire tree.  This is noted in the parentheses containing the percentage,
and the graph for this item is green instead of red.

The totals reflect the size of files and extended attributes.  Due to minimum
allocation units on the disk, more space may be physically allocated than is
accounted for in the totals.  The text field just above the pushbuttons gives
you stats that _do_ take allocation units into account, for the entire drive.
Also be aware that directories containing more than 0 bytes but less than 1024
bytes will be displayed as containing 1k (1 kilobyte, equal to 1024 bytes) so
that you know that a 0k figure denotes a directory with a truly 0 byte count.

You can double-click a directory to open it so you can see its files.

This is a quick way to see where your disk space has gone.

Hint:  You can get a printout of this information by entering PRN as the name
of the Save file.  The information printed is the same as that visible in the
container, which is to say that unexpanded branches aren't printed, so you can
be somewhat selective about the information you print.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.18. System Pointer Manipulation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog is reached from the context menu of the icon in a file system
object Information dialog.

Set the radio button of the system pointer you want to change.  Then click
Okay.  Click Cancel to abort if you change your mind.

Changes to system pointers are persistent (they stick around even when FM/2 is
no longer running).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.19. Object Container ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog allows you to select a new folder (directory) to hold objects that
FM/2 creates.  By default it is <WP_DESKTOP>.  FM/2 tries to find the directory
being used as the desktop folder first in the OS/2 system INI, and if that
fails, uses the directory \DESKTOP on your boot drive as the "desktop window
object" directory -- this is the OS/2 2.1+ default.  I suppose future versions
of OS/2 could break this and make an update necessary, but IBM seems to think
(though won't guarantee) it should always work.

A button labelled Desktop allows you to restore the default <WP_DESKTOP>
setting.  This will work whether the above fails or not.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.20. Quick Tree ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Quick Tree dialog displays a container showing all the subdirectories of
the directory currently displayed by a Directory Container window (or one of
its subdirectories, depending on how you picked the command).

If you select one of these subdirectories, the Directory Container window will
switch to look into that directory.  You can click Cancel if you change your
mind.

This might be useful when you want to move to the bottom of a long subdirectory
chain in one step.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13.21. Selection ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The Ctrl + F8 accelerator calls up the Select menu for a given container. You
can also, of course, get to it with the mouse via the Views menu.

What follows is an item-by-item description of the commands in the Select menu.
Where both Select and Deselect commands are available, only the Select command
will be discussed to save space and avoid repetition.

Select All  Selects all objects in a container. Deselect All has an accelerator
Ctrl + \.

Select All Files  Selects all the file objects in a container.  The accelerator
key Ctrl + / is assigned to this command.

Select All Dirs  Selects all the directory objects in a container.  The
accelerator key Shift + Ctrl + ? is assigned to this command (same as for
Select All Files with the addition of the Shift key).  Deselect All Dirs has an
accelerator Shift + Ctrl + | (same as Deselect All with the addition of the
Shift key).

Select Mask  Allows you to select files that match a filemask. The same dialog
is used for this command that's used for the Filter command.  When you first
initiate this command, FM/2 fills in a default mask built from the current
object's name.  So, to quickly select all the *.BAK files in a container, you
could select one of the files, then type Ctrl + = (the accelerator assigned to
Select Mask) and press [Enter] to accept the default filemask built by FM/2
(*.BAK).

Select clipboard  If the OS/2 clipboard contains a list of files (such as can
be created with the Save to clipboard command), you can select any files
present in both the container and the list with this command.  The accelerator
for this command is Ctrl + ].  The accelerator for the Deselect clipboard
command is Shift + Ctrl + }.

Select List  If you've saved a list to a file (such as can be created with the
Save to list file command), you can select any files present in both the
listfile and the container with this command.

Reselect  This command causes the container to reselect the last selected
items.  The accelerator is Ctrl + '.

Invert selection  Selects what isn't, deselects what is.  In other words,
reverses the current selection set.

Compare selections

FM/2 provides Directory Containers with special selection commands that can be
used to select file objects based on their relationship to file objects in
other open Directory Containers.  These commands are extremely powerful tools
that can let you, for instance, compare two directories to see what's different
about them.  See also Compare Directories.

Select if in all  This command selects any file objects that exist in all open
Directory Containers.

Select if in more than one  Selects any file objects that exist in more than
one open Directory Containers.

Select if in one  Selects any file objects that exist in only one open
Directory Container.

Select newest  Selects the newest file objects that exist in more than one open
Directory Container.

Select oldest  Selects the oldest file objects that exist in more than one open
Directory Container.

Select largest  Selects the largest file objects that exist in more than one
open Directory Container.

Select smallest  Selects the smallest file objects that exist in more than one
open Directory Container.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 14. Folder Button ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Folder buttons appear on directory and archive containers at the top center of
the window (below the title bar).  They provide several shortcuts for their
containers.

Behavior for each type of container is as follows:

Directory containers:
B1:
Go to parent directory
B2: Context menu
B1+Ctrl:
Go to previous directory
B1+SHIFT:
Walk directories
B1+ALT:
Child window dialog
B3 or Chord:
Rescan directory

Archive containers:
B1:
Walk directories
B1+ALT:
Child window dialog
B3 or Chord:
Rescan archive

You can also drag a file or directory object onto the folder button. In
directory containers, the directory "switches" to "look at" the directory of
the dropped object.  In archive containers, the extract directory changes to
that of the directory of the dropped object.  This means that, for instance,
you can set the extract directory for an archive to the same directory that the
archive is in by dragging from a recessed text field next to the folder button
(which drags the archive itself) and dropping it on the folder button.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15. Archive Container ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Archive Container windows presents you with a list of an archive's contents.
The menus available here present you with commands which you can perform on
selected files and the archive as a whole, as well as the usual configuration
of the window's appearance.  You get here by double- clicking an archive file
in an FM/2 Directory Container window.

Archive Container windows have their own sorting method, accessible via a
context menu requested over whitespace (the Views menu).

Besides the container showing the archive contents and a couple of
informational fields above that, there's an entry field at the bottom of the
window that shows the current extract directory.  This is the directory in
which any extracted files will be placed.  (Extraction refers to copying files
from the archive onto your disk as normal files.)  To change the extract
directory, enter a new directory into the entry field (if it doesn't already
exist you'll get an option to create it), drag a directory onto the entry
field, or click the folder button with B1.

You can drag files onto the Archive Container's listing to add them to the
archive, and you can drag files from the archive to an FM/2 directory window.
OS/2's drag and drop "rendering" mechanism would make this painfully slow for
any other application's window, as each file is processed individually (imagine
extracting each file in an archive by typing a separate command line for each
to get an idea how slow it would be).  The menu extract items allow optimizing
extraction so that only one "pass" needs to be done (note that Files->Extract
must also deal with the OS/2 command line length restriction of 1024 bytes, so
if you want to extract all the files in a large archive, Files->Extract All is
a superior choice), and the internal drag to an FM/2 Directory Container window
... well, cheats, to get around it.

You can get a popup menu in the container by pressing B2.

Following is a discussion of the pull-down menus:

Files Menu

View causes FM/2 to extract the file(s) to a temporary directory and display
it/them.  If, for some reason, the files don't appear when you attempt to view
them, try Testing the archive.

Edit works as above but the file(s) are loaded into the configured editor
instead of being viewed.  File(s) can then be Refreshed back into the archive.
Note: Do not attempt to Refresh files that were stored with pathnames. The
pathname will either be lost or an additional file without pathname will be
stored (depending on the archiver's behavior).

Extract causes FM/2 to extract the selected file(s) to the extract directory.

Extract w/ Dirs causes FM/2 to extract the selected file(s) to the extract
directory in such a way that, if directories have been included with the
filenames, the directories are recreated.

Delete causes FM/2 to delete the selected file(s) from the archive.

Exec causes FM/2 to extract all selected files to a temporary directory and
then runs the cursored file.  If you pick this from a popup menu, that would be
the file under the mouse pointer when you requested the popup.  This allows you
to select DLLs, help files, data files, etc. required to get the application to
run correctly as well as the executable file.

Print causes FM/2 to extract and print selected files.  This uses the FM/2
printing method, not the OS/2 printer objects (see Config->Printer in an FM/2
main window's pulldown menu).

Find causes FM/2 to scan the extract directory for any files matching the names
of the selected files within the archive and Collect them if found.

Virus Scan causes FM/2 to extract the selected files and then run the
configured virus checker.  See the internal Settings notebook's Files/Dirs
page.

Extract All extracts all files from the archive to the extract directory.
Extract All & Exit does the same thing but closes the archive listing window
after starting the extraction.

Extract All w/ Dirs does the same thing including any enclosed directories
(i.e. files are extracted into the directories they were archived "with," if
any, rather than all going into the extract directory). Extract All w/ Dirs &
Exit does the same thing but closes the archive listing window after starting
the extraction.  (Note that if all you want to do to an archive is extract from
it, you can do so without ever opening a contents box; just pull up a context
menu on the archive in an FM/2 main window and select Extract.  This is the
fastest and most efficient method of extracting files from an archive.)

Test tests the archive's integrity.

See also:
Editing Archiver Details


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15.1. Archivers ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Archivers are programs that create files composed of (usually) compressed data
that represents, and allows recreation of, normal (uncompressed) files.  These
archiver programs are widely used to create archive files for downloading from
BBSs, information services and the Internet, and to extract from those archive
files once downloaded. They're also used to create archives locally for backup
purposes, as the files thus created are smaller than the original files and
contain many other files within them.

Following is a partial list of OS/2 archivers available at the time of this
writing:

Extension   Name of archiver

.ZIP        Zip and Unzip
.LZH        LH
.ZOO        Zoo
.RAR        RAR
.ARJ        UnArj
.ARC        Arc

You normally find these archivers with names like ZIP*.EXE or LH*.EXE, where
the * will be a number indicating the version of the program. These are
self-extracting archives (archives that extract themselves when you run the
.EXE) so you don't get a chicken-or-egg scenario.  You can find them on BBSs,
information services and the Internet -- in other words, you can find them the
same places where archive files are most often used.

FM/2 can work with DOS archivers, but they aren't supported.  If you decide you
want to use your DOS archivers rather than OS/2 native archive programs, you'll
have to figure it out on your own (see Editing Archiver Details topic and the
ARCHIVER.BB2 datafile that came with FM/2).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15.2. Editing Archiver Details ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

This dialog box, which you can reach from the Config menu, allows you to edit
the details of an archiver. Entry boxes are present for all the twenty one
fields represented in ARCHIVER.BB2 (the text file that contains control
information about your archivers which FM/2 uses to interface with the
archivers).  It's probably easier for most people to edit ARCHIVER.BB2 directly
with a text editor.

NOTE:  The simplest method to ensure that your archivers work properly with
FM/2 is to make sure they're in a directory named in your PATH= statement, and
check the names of the files to make sure they match what's on your system
(i.e. UNZIP.EXE in both ARCHIVER.BB2 and on your hard disk, not UNZIP.EXE in
one and UNZIP32.EXE in another).

In the event that you attempt to list an archive and FM/2 feels you've probably
bungled the entry in ARCHIVER.BB2, you'll be given an opportunity to use this
dialog to fix the entry.  In this case, you'll see the listbox at the right of
the dialog filled with the listing of the archive that your archiver made.  You
can highlight a line and click the << button next to the Start List or End List
fields to move the line to that entry field (these are the most common
mistakes, and FM/2 cannot find any files if the Start List string is wrong).
You can double-click on a listbox line to have FM/2 "parse" it into the Fld#
text boxes for you, to make it easier to judge field positions for sizes,
dates, and filenames.  The filename field in particular is extremely important.
If it's too high, FM/2 finds no files.  If it's "in range" but wrong, FM/2 gets
the wrong fields for filenames.

You may still need to refer to your archiver's documentation, or run it to get
the help on its command syntax.  FM/2 can't do everything for you, but it holds
your hand as best it can.

Refer to the ARCHIVER.BB2 file that came with FM/2 for additional information
and an example.

When you've completed editing the archiver's details, click Okay.  FM/2 will
ask you if you want to rewrite ARCHIVER.BB2 (be sure you save the original copy
for its complete notes; FM/2 will back it up one version to ARCHIVER.BAK).  If
you don't rewrite ARCHIVER.BB2, changes are good only for the current session
(handy for testing).

You can also get to this dialog box from Select Files' Config submenu.

See also:

Archiver Details Fields


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15.2.1. Archiver Details Fields ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

ID  This field contains an ID for the archiver; something for human
consumption.  It's a good idea to include the version number of the archiver
for reference.  An example might be "LHArc 2.11".

Add  This field should contain the command that creates and adds files to an
archive.  An example might be "PKZIP.EXE -a" (NOTE: This example assumes the
file is on your PATH (see PATH= in CONFIG.SYS). If it's not, you'd need to give
a full pathname, like "C:\UTILS\PKZIP.EXE -a".) Note that commands should
include the extension so that FM/2 can check them without guessing.  Above this
field is a button labeled "See." If clicked, the program named in this field
will be run (you'll be given the opportunity to add arguments to the command
line) in another window. This lets you check command syntax and archiver
version, as well as assuring that FM/2 can find your archiver executables.

Move  This field should contain the command that moves files to the archive
(adds then deletes the file).  An example might be "ARC.EXE mwn".

Extension  This field contains the extension normally associated with files
created by this archiver.  An example might be "ZOO" for files created by the
Zoo archiver.

Extract  This field contains the command that extracts files from the archive.
This command should not delete the files from the archive when it extracts
them, and *must* be present for FM/2 to show you a member of the archive
(commands other than Extract and List may be left blank if necessary).  An
example might be "PKUNZIP.EXE -o".  Note the "-o" option given; this tells
PKUNZIP to automatically overwrite any existing files (FM/2 will check to see
if any of the files exist and warn you if so).  It's important to always
include your archiver's "don't stop for user input" option; some things occur
as detached processes and you can't interact with them; the program would be
hung, which is uncool. Above this field is a button labeled "See." If clicked,
the program named in this field will be run (you'll be given the opportunity to
add arguments to the command line) in another window. This lets you check
command syntax and archiver version.

Extract w/Dirs  This field contains the command that extracts files from the
archive and places them into directories embedded in the archive.  An example
might be "LH.EXE x /o /s".

Signature  This field contains the signature for the archive type.  There is
usually a byte or few in a particular place in any archive that indicates that
it is, indeed, an archive of that type.  FM/2 uses these signatures to "sniff
out" which archiver is used to manipulate the archive.  Since these signatures
sometimes contain characters which are "unprintable," you can use \x<hexnum> to
represent any "strange" characters.  A side effect of this is that two
backslashes are required to represent a single backslash ("\\" == "\").  See
C-style encoding for more information.

To determine what an archiver's signature is, either ask the archiver's author
or check several different archives of the type for one or more bytes present
in each at the same location, usually near the beginning of the file.

This field must be entered and valid for FM/2 to detect this type of archive
(see also Sig(nature) Pos(ition)).

List  This field contains the command to list the archive's contents.  This
command *must* be present and correct for FM/2 to work properly with this type
of archive.  An example might be "ZOO.EXE v".

Test  This field contains the command to test the archive's integrity.  An
example might be "PKUNZIP.EXE -t".

Add with paths  This field contains the command to add files to the archiver
with their paths (i.e. \FM3\FM3.EXE instead of just FM3.EXE).  This can be
omitted if the archiver doesn't support the command.  An example might be
"ZIP.EXE" (Zip defaults to adding paths).

Move with paths  As above, but moves the files instead of just adding them.  An
example might be "PKZIP -m -P".

Add and recurse  Adds files to the archive, with paths, and recurses into
subdirectories.  An example might be "LH a /s".

Delete  This field contains the command to delete files from the archive.  An
example might be "LH.EXE /o /d".

Sig(nature) Pos(ition)  This field contains a number indicating how many bytes
into the file the signature is located.  If this number is negative, FM/2 looks
from the end of the file instead of the beginning.

F(ile)Name Pos(ition)  This field tells FM/2 which field on the line of an
archive listing is the filename.  Fields are numbered from 0. This field must
be present and correct for FM/2 to get the right filenames from the archive
listing.  A -1 in this field tells FM/2 to use the last field in the archive
listing line for the filename.  You can optionally follow this number with a
comma and another number that indicates if the name is the last position if the
first number is not -1.  A 1 means yes, the name is in the last position.  A 0
means that it is not.  This allows FM/2 to handle archive member names
containing spaces for some archive types.

To understand what "field on the line of an archive listing" means, think of a
text line as being broken up into tokens, or words, separated by spaces.  These
tokens, or words, are fields.  Therefore,

I like Ike.

contains three fields.  Field 0 is "I", field 1 is "like", and field 3 is
"Ike."  Think of it like this:

 +--------------------+
 |  0   |  1   |  2   | Field Numbers
 +------+------+------+
 |  I   | like | Ike  | Field Contents
 +------+------+------+

OldS(i)z(e) Pos(ition)  This field tells FM/2 which field on the line of an
archive listing is the old (uncompressed) size of the file.  If this isn't
available or you don't care about it, you can enter a -1 to disable detection
of this field entirely.

NewS(i)z(e) Pos(ition)  This field tells FM/2 which field on the line of an
archive listing is the new (compressed) size of the file. If this isn't
available or you don't care about it, you can enter a -1 to disable detection
of this field entirely.

Date Pos(ition)  This field tells FM/2 which field on the line of an archive
listing is where the time/datestring is.  If this isn't available or you don't
care about it, you can enter a -1 to disable detection of this field entirely.
You can optionally follow this number with a comma and another number that
indicates the type of the date from any of the formats in the following list:

 1.  02-08-96  23:55:32
 2.   8 Feb 96 23:55:32
 3.   8 Feb 96  11:55p
 4.  96-02-08 23:55:32

NumDateF(ie)lds  This field tells FM/2 how many fields comprise the
time/datestring.

Start-of-list  The line that comes just before the list of files in the
archiver listing (see example below).  You can use the << button to insert a
selected line directly from the listbox into this field.

End-of-list  The line that comes just after the list of files in the archiver
listing (see example below).  You can use the << button to insert a selected
line directly from the listbox into this field.

Here's an example of an ARC listing (5.12mpl, command "ARC l"; you may need to
widen the help windows for this to look right...):

Name          Length    Date
============  ========  =========    <--this line is start-of-list
MAKEFILE           374  28 Nov 89
QSORT.C          14279  29 Nov 89
QSORT.EXE        24629  29 Nov 89
STUFF.H            371  29 Nov 89
        ====  ========               <--this line is end-of-list
Total      4     39653

Note the filename is in position 0, old length in position 1, and the date
starts in position 2, with 3 parts, and there's no new length field (so it'd be
-1).  Compare that to the archiver entry for ARC 5.12mpl in the "stock"
ARCHIVER.BB2 and you should get a feel for what all those fields mean.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 15.3. Archive Errors ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Sometimes FM/2 can't get information from the archiver about an archive. There
are a couple of reasons this could happen:  The information in ARCHIVER.BB2 may
be incorrect for the archive type, or the archive may be damaged.  Possibly the
file "smelled" like an archive but wasn't. Perhaps you selected View->As
archive on a file that wasn't actually an archive.

When this happens, this dialog appears.  You'll be given as much information as
possible, including the text of what the archiver had to say about the archive
when it was asked to list its contents, presented in an MLE, and allowed four
choices:  Edit the archiver details, Test the archive (if you have told FM/2
how to test archives with this archiver in ARCHIVER.BB2), View the archive, or
Cancel the whole thing.

Generally speaking, first Test the archive.  If the archive is okay or if the
test won't run at all, the problem is most likely in your archive information
record in ARCHIVER.BB2.  You can View the archive to assure yourself that it
is, in fact, an archive, and perhaps hunt down the signature so you can add it
to ARCHIVER.BB2 if it's not a listed archive type.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 16. Editing Commandline ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Enter any optional arguments to the program here as you would on the command
line.  Remember that, when passing commands to a command processor such as
CMD.EXE, like DIR, it's CMD.EXE /C DIR, not just CMD.EXE DIR.

Full Screen, Maximized, Minimized, Invisible, Default: control how the program
will be run.  Default is usually in a window with OS/2 controlling the size of
the initial window.  Note that PM programs will always run on the desktop in a
window and programs marked full screen only will always run in a full screen
session.  This corresponds to START /FS, /MAX, /MIN, /I or just START.

Keep when done:  determines whether the window will remain until you close it,
or go away when the command completes.  It's like START /K.  For reasons of
safety (too complex to explain briefly) you aren't allowed to Keep a DOS
session; this flag is ignored for DOS executables.

The Environment MLE control lets you enter environment strings for the program
to inherit.  Generally speaking, this is only for running DOS programs as any
strings entered here are interpreted as DOS settings. For example,
IDLE_SECONDS=5 would adjust the DOS setting IDLE_SECONDS to 5.  Names of DOS
settings are as shown in the Settings notebook for a DOS program.

Note:  FM/2 automatically stores command lines you use here for you if the Save
command line checkbox is checked.  You can get to them by clicking the V button
beside the entry field. Up to 250 command lines can be stored in this manner,
kept in a file named CMDLINES.DAT between sessions.  Pressing the Delete key
(or clicking the Del button that appears) while one of the names in the listbox
is highlighted will remove it. Pressing Ctrl + Delete will remove (wipe) all
entries.

Tech note:  FM/2 picks the directory in which to start the process using the
following criteria:
If the executable contains a path, FM/2 uses that directory.
Otherwise, if the first filename argument contains a path, FM/2 uses that
directory.
Otherwise, FM/2 uses its default directory.

See also (in the online Command Reference CMDREF.INF):

CMD.EXE
START command


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 17. Walk Directories ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This dialog lets you pick a directory by "walking" through the directory
structure of your drives.  It also lets you save and recall user-defined
directories.

On the left is a listbox containing all your drive letters.  If you select a
drive, the directories on that drive fill the center listbox.

If you double-click one of these directories, any subdirectories of that
directory are displayed, as well as a special directory named ".." which is
actually the previous (parent) directory. In this manner you can walk to any
directory on any drive.

The listbox on the right of the window (User List) contains only directories
that you add to it.  To add a directory, click Add when the desired directory
name is displayed in the entry field at the bottom of the window.  To delete a
directory, highlight it and click Delete.  To switch to one of these
user-defined directories, highlight it and click Okay or double-click the
directory.  You can add up to 100 directories.

You can also select directories from the Recent directories drop-down list at
the top right of the window.  FM/2 adds to this list automatically as you
traverse your drives.  Just drop down the list and click the directory of
choice.

When the desired directory is displayed in the bottom entry field of the
dialog, click Okay to exit.  Click Cancel to exit without selecting a
directory.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 18. Checking Lists ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

On occasion you may be asked to check a list of objects.  You'll be presented
with a list of highlighted objects in a listbox.  To remove an object from the
list, unhighlight it (hint:  hold down the Ctrl key while clicking to
unhighlight a single item).  When you've got the list the way you want it,
click Okay.  Click Cancel to abort the action.

Since this dialog may appear for more than one reason, additional information
is provided in a multiline text field below the listbox.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 19. Drag and drop dialog ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If you have the "Drag&Drop Dialog" toggle on, this dialog appears when you drop
files onto an FM/2 Directory Container or object within one, or onto a
directory object in the Drive Tree, or onto an object in the Collector.  You
can then pick the action to be performed from the buttons below the listbox.
You can remove an object from the listbox if you've changed your mind about
including it in the action (hint: hold down the Ctrl key while clicking to
unhighlight a single item).

The +Rename toggle causes Copy and Move operations to allow you to change the
name of the destination using the standard Rename dialog.

The Shadow toggle causes Object to create Shadow objects instead of "real"
objects.  Directory objects are always created as Shadow objects.

Note that creating Shadows in directories not under the Desktop folder probably
isn't desireable.

The Launch button causes FM/2 to bring up the Execute dialog to run the target
of the drop with the dragged objects as arguments.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 20. Internal Viewer ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The internal viewer is used to view files unless you have an external viewing
program defined in the internal Settings notebook's Viewers page, or the Fast
internal viewer checkbox off.  This viewer loads and displays a one megabyte
text file in less than two seconds on a 486/66. The "old" viewer loads large
text files considerably more slowly, but you might want to use it anyway; your
choice.

Both hex and ASCII (plain text) display modes are supported, and a variety of
text sizes.  These controls are under the View pulldown submenu.

Selected lines are displayed in reverse video (white text on a black
background).  The current line has a ">" pointing at it in the left margin.
Single selections and swipe selections are supported, as well as select and
deselect all (under the Select pulldown submenu) and select/deselect all
"found" lines (see Search below).  Keyboard selection is performed with the
spacebar, or you can hold down the Shift key while moving the cursored
selection with the arrow keys.  Discontiguous lines can be selected.

If you double-click a line in the viewer window, a listbox appears above the
text containing that line.  Select (single-click) the line in the listbox and
the viewer window will scroll to that line -- a sort of instant bookmarking
facility.  To remove a line from this bookmark listbox, double-click it in the
listbox.  See the FM/2 window layouts topic for a picture to help you
understand this one -- or just try it.

The Clipboard pulldown submenu allows you to save selected lines to the
clipboard or a file.  Warning:  Warp appears to have a 64K limit to the size of
text that can be placed in the clipboard.  You can also save lines that you've
double-clicked into the bookmark listbox.  When you write lines to a file, you
append to the file (if it already exists).

When you search for text in the file, you can search for more than one "phrase"
at a time.  Each line you fill into the MLE on the Search->Find text dialog is
a separate search string.  You can also search case sensitively (i.e. 'A'
doesn't match 'a'), translate C-like \-encoded characters (\r = a carriage
return, for example -- useful when searching binary files), and/or select lines
as they're found by checking the appropriate checkboxes on the Find First
dialog. All matching lines are displayed in red.  The Search->Next found line
command moves to the next highlighted line in the file (from the current
position), and Search->Previous found line moves to the previous highlighted
line.  Colors are configurable.

If you're looking for more powerful viewing software, you might be interested
in Michael Schacter's Hyperview PM shareware program.  Michael can be contacted
on Compuserve at user ID 76170,1627, and hangs out in the OS2SHARE (library 1
of OS2BVEN) forum. You can easily set Hyperview up to be used automatically by
FM/2 using the Viewers page of the internal Settings notebook.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 20.1. Internal Viewer/Editor ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The internal viewer/editor is an extremely simplistic MLE window.  It is
strongly recommended that you replace it with a better one via the Settings
Notebook's Viewers page.  The reasons are simple: a product designed
specifically and exclusively for editing will generally do a better job, and
MLEs tend to be sluggish when loading anything larger than about 58K.

Suggestions: EPM (which comes with OS/2), or QEdit for OS/2 (an excellent and
inexpensive text-mode editor from Semware highly recommended, and used, by
FM/2's author) or Visual Slickedit by Microedge, PM and more powerful (and, of
course, more expensive) than QEdit, also used by the author.  There are many
other editors, freeware, shareware and shrinkwrap, available, I simply listed
those with which I have some familiarity and feel I can recommend as very good
software.

There's another, faster internal viewer (no editor) which is used as the
default for viewing in FM/2.

The internal viewer/editor creates a window for each file being viewed/ edited.
The Windows->Dialog dialog can be used to quickly close several windows at once
or find a particular window and bring it to the front.

Note that when saving files the editor formats the file so that it appears as
it does in the MLE.  The appearance of a file can be different in the MLE or in
the created disk file depending on various settings under the editor's
Config->Format Control, notably Wrap.  Be sure you have these settings right
for the way you want the resultant file to look.

When the viewer/editor is in readonly (viewing) mode, several menu items are
disabled to prevent you from changing the file by accident.

See also:
Codepages
Hex dumps


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 20.2. Codepages ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 will allow you to change the codepage (character set) in use in the
internal viewer by selecting a codepage from the listbox.  The codepage must be
one of those supported in your CONFIG.SYS (see CODEPAGE in the online OS/2
command reference) or codepage 1004.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 20.3. Hex Dumps ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Hex dumps show two hexadecimal digits (0-9 and a-f represent 0 to 15 decimal
in hexadecimal (base 16) representation) for each byte of data followed by the
actual data (some data may be unrepresentable in the current control and
therefore displayed as a period):.

0000  0a 0d 46 4d 2f 32 0a 0d                          ..FM/2..

This is a common method for representing binary data (as opposed to text, or
ASCII, data) for human viewing.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 20.4. C-style \encoding ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 In many areas, FM/2 allows you to use C-style backslash encoding (or more
properly "escaping") to give constants you normally couldn't enter into an
entry field or MLE.  There are some differences from standard C escaping, so
pay attention.

The following escapes are permissible:

\\      single backslash character
\r      carriage return (ASCII 13)
\n      linefeed  (ASCII 10)
\t      tab (ASCII 9)
\b      backspace (ASCII 8)
\a      bell (ASCII 7)
\f      formfeed (ASCII 12)
\'      '
\"      "
\27     escape character (ASCII 27; this is decimal encoding)
\x1b    escape character (ASCII 27; this is hexadecimal encoding)

Therefore, "This\x20is\32a test of \\FM2\\SETENV.\r\n"
becomes "This is a test of \FM2\SETENV." (followed by a carriage return and
linefeed).

A hex dump of the above after conversion:

00000000  54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 65 73 74 20 6f  This is a test o
00000010  66 20 5c 46 4d 32 5c 53 45 54 45 4e 56 2e 0d 0a  f \FM2\SETENV...


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 21. Hints and troubleshooting ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This section contains hints about obscure functions, FM/2 "secrets" and other
rubbish.

With most video display drivers, chording a directory in the Drive Tree (or
clicking the middle button on a three button mouse) will cause FM/2 to open a
new FM/2 Directory Container window for that directory without further ado.

Want to copy or move some files to a new directory?  Try dragging them onto an
empty area (whitespace) of the Drive tree.  FM/2 will pop up a dialog allowing
you to specify a name for a new directory into which to place the files.

To set the label of a drive, pick Files->Info (Ctrl + i accelerator) on the
root of the drive in the Drive Tree container.  You'll find Format and Chkdsk
in that menu, too, under the Miscellaneous submenu.

Remember, when using the internal editor (but don't, use your favorite editor
instead), FM/2 saves the file as it appears in the MLE.  If you don't want long
lines wrapped (such as when editing CONFIG.SYS), turn wrap OFF before saving.

If you want to change the fonts used in the Walk Directories dialog, drop a new
font from the Font Palette onto a blank area of the dialog (not a control).
The new font will be used in the directory listboxes and path entry field the
next time you use the dialog.  This is sometimes necessary when the default
font for the dialog doesn't match up well to the codepage in use for non-US
users, as non-ASCII characters might show up improperly.

To invoke an OS/2 WPS association rather than an FM/2 internal association, try
Open->Default from a context menu on the file object (F6 accelerator) or
holding down the Ctrl key while double-clicking the object.  Alternatively, use
<> as the command line for an association and it'll open the object's default
WPS view, which will run the program associated with the object under the WPS
if there is one.  Follow the hypertext link in this paragraph for detailed
explanations.

If you periodically do something to the same set of files, you might consider
making a List of the files and Collecting them from that list file so you don't
have to reselect them when you want to manipulate them later.  Note that FM/2
has a Reselect command under the Views->Select menu, but it only remembers the
last selection set -- using the List/Collect method you can reselect even in
another session.

Using AV/2 from the WPS:  Drag an archive file onto the AV/2 object; this opens
a view into the archive.  Drag any files you want added to the archive into the
container; they're added to the archive. To create a new archive, drag the
objects to be archived onto the Make Archive object.

For advanced users:  You can add commands to FM/2's action bar menu. Create a
file in FM/2's directory called FM3MENU.DAT.  Here's a sample:

;
;Items listed in this file are added to FM/2's action bar (pulldown) menu.
;First word in a line MUST be MENUITEM.  Next comes ID of command (see
;FM3TOOLS.DAT).  Finally, the text to display on the menu for the command.
;
;Any line beginning with a semi-colon, like this one, is a comment.
;
MENUITEM 1023 V~iew
MENUITEM 1024 ~Edit
MENUITEM 1010 I~nfo
MENUITEM 1009 ~Attrs
MENUITEM 1017 ~Open
MENUITEM 1006 ~Kill

If you want to set the extract directory in an Archive Container to the same
directory as the archive is in, start a drag from the recessed text field next
to the Folder button and drop onto the Folder button.  If you always want the
extract directory to be the same as the directory in which the archive resides,
enter * in the Ext. Path field of the internal Settings Notebook's Archivers
page.

You can drag files or directories onto an archive object in a Directory
Container, and FM/2 will display the Archive dialog to allow you to add those
files to the archive without having to first open the archive.

If a Directory Container is in Details view, and if the titles above the
columns are turned on, you can hold down ALT and click a title to cause the
container to sort on that field (assuming the field is one of those on which
FM/2 will sort -- filename, size, EA size, and dates are all valid).  Works in
Archive Containers, too.

Can't set the default sort or view for new Directory Containers?  Yes you can
-- use the internal Settings notebook instead of the popup menus. The popups
only change the current container -- the one on which you requested the context
menu.  The Settings notebook determines how new containers that you open will
appear.  This is a distinction often overlooked by new users.

Old DOS hands will know this, but you can enter PRN when you want output to go
to a printer rather than a disk file.  You can even specify different printers
using LPT? (i.e. LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, etc.).

If nothing shows in a Directory Container, Archive Container, the Collector or
Drive Tree although you know there's something in it, check your Filter (Ctrl +
f accelerator).  The Filter button for the appropriate container will show the
current filter status for the current container (F:<All> means everything is
visible, < Attr> means attributes are being used to filter, otherwise you'll
see the current mask set). Remember to look at the attributes as well as the
mask.  The All button in the Filter dialog can be used to ensure that
everything is visible.

To compare the directories of two open Directory Containers without resorting
to the Drive Tree, link-drag from the recessed status window in one Directory
Container to the recessed status window in the other. Remember, when you drag
from one of those recessed areas, you drag the directory the Directory
Container is "looking" into, and when you drop on one of them, you drop into
the directory the Directory Container is "looking" into.  They behave, for drag
and drop and requesting context menus, like empty container space (whitespace).

To begin a direct edit of the current file's name using the keyboard, use Ctrl
+ F10.  To end (complete) the direct edit, use Ctrl + F11.  To cancel an edit
underway, use Escape.

PM uses several ALT + F? accelerators to control frame windows. However, this
applies to the current frame window, which can be within the main FM/2 window
when run monolithically.  Add Ctrl to these accelerators to affect the main
window in that case.  For example, Ctrl + Alt + F9 will minimize the main FM/2
window, while Alt + F9 will minimize whichever frame window has the focus.

If you have the bottom buttons turned on in FM/2 and have a 3-button mouse,
clicking the third button (or holding down Ctrl while clicking the first
button) on them will change your sort type.

Problem with ZIP or EZ drive -- slow scanning:  See Edit->Drive flags command.
The problem is that these drives respond very slowly to some commands and
requests.  You can tweak the drive's flags to alleviate some of this.

Problem with details view refreshing -- top items come up blank.  This is one
of those never-fixed OS/2 bugs.  Try unchecking the Immediate updates toggle in
the Settings notebook.  This usually works around this bug.

To find any directory in the Drive Tree quickly, type Ctrl + Shift + F with the
Drive Tree active, then type in the pathname of the directory that you want to
find.  To find the directory of a Directory Container in the Drive Tree, type
Ctrl + Shift + F with the Directory Container active.

The Collector can search for files based on a variety of criteria. The search
function can also find potential duplicate files for you.  Potential duplicates
can also be tracked down in the See all files control.

You can selectively turn off FM/2's bubble help.  Use the internal Settings
notebook, turn to the Monolithic page, and read the help.

"I double-clicked on an INI file and FM/2 showed it in the text viewer." The
INI file may not be a standard OS/2 INI file (Windoze programs, for example,
use *.INI files that are flat text files).  FM/2 will "fail" quietly to view
such files using the INI viewer when you double-click them since there's no
reason to bother you each time you want to look at one.  If you're sure the
file is a standard OS/2 INI file, use the Utilities menu to open the INI
viewer, then choose Files->Other profile and enter the name of the file.  FM/2
will then tell you the reason that it is unable to open the file -- you
probably want to know about it since you're already in the INI viewer.

Trouble starting FM/2:  "Resource not found."  Probably mismatched DLL and EXE
files -- re-extract FM/2 from the distribution archive, being particularly sure
to overwrite all old DLL and EXE files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 21.1. Command lines ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 If you want to directly execute a self-extracting archive (or anything else,
for that matter -- I mention self-extracting archives because FM/2 will attempt
to view them rather than run them when you double-click them), press Ctrl + F5.
This brings up the Command line dialog with the cursored file in the entry
field.

You can press the [Home] key to move the cursor to the start of the entry field
and enter the name of a program to run with the file as an argument, or just
press [Enter] to execute the file.

Alternatively, if running FM/2 monolithically, press F5 to get a miniature
command line at the bottom of the window.  Enter any commands you'd like here,
including metastrings.  Type /HELP in the command line entry field for brief
information specific to this control.

Note that if you use the same command line time after time you will probably
want to set up a Command for the command line to save time.  With a Command,
you can even execute a command line using an accelerator key -- can't beat that
for speed.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22. Registration ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 FM/2 is shareware -- after an initial 30 day evaluation period, you must
register FM/2 or stop using it.  Naturally, I hope you like it and want to
register, so here's how you can do so:

Ordering instructions

To make things as easy as possible, you can first edit the order form using the
next link below, then print it using the link after that.
Edit mail order form.
Print mail order form.

A text version of this form is supplied in the FM/2 archive as REGISTER.TXT,
for your convenience.

Registration involves a registration number generated from the information you
provide and a few other variables you'll receive along with it.  You can then
use the online registration dialog to register your copy of FM/2.

(If you were wondering, "Barebones Software" is just me.)

Registration entitles you to free upgrades for at least one year from the time
your FM/2 registration number was mailed, or one full version change (i.e. 2.52
-> 3.52), whichever comes last.  Older versions remain registered 'forever.'
Look for other bonus programs, too.

Hint:  You can order through BMT Micro over the internet from the FM/2 About
box (Help->About).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.1. Ordering instructions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Fill in the Name: and Address: fields of the following form completely and
legibly.  Please type or print.  Save a copy of the information.  You will
re-enter it in the registration dialog after receiving your registration number
via mail.

To avoid problems with differing codepages (trust me), don't use any characters
outside the normal ASCII range (32-127). That includes accented foreign
(foreign to this ignorant one-language American) characters.  Sorry if this
seems an inconvenience, but it could well save problems with getting the
information to match with your registration number and avoid any delays.

The Name: field and the first two lines of the Address: fields MUST be filled
in.  The third line of the Address: field is optional. Commercial registrants
will probably give the name of their company in the Name: field.  Personal
registrations may not be used in commercial environments (in a business,
government or church office, etc. -- check with me before assuming your
organization is "exempt").  You can't pay for a personal registration with a
company check.

I do NOT share this information with anyone.  I put it in a file drawer and
there it stays -- I won't send you annoying advertisements and such.

Commercial users note:  there is a five percent (5%) discount for every ten
(10) copies you register in a single order, up to fifty percent (50%).  The
discount applies to all copies purchased in that order.  The following table
may clarify:

Number copies ordered       Price you pay per copy
=====================       ======================
1-9                         Full commercial price ($60.00)
10-19                       Full commercial price - 5%
20-29                       Full commercial price - 10%
30-39                       Full commercial price - 15%
40-49                       Full commercial price - 20%
50-59                       Full commercial price - 25%
60-69                       Full commercial price - 30%
70-79                       Full commercial price - 35%
80-89                       Full commercial price - 40%
90-99                       Full commercial price - 45%
100+                        Full commercial price - 50%

Please DO take the time to drop a line with any suggestions you may have.
That's where many of the improvements in FM/2 have come from -- registering
users' input.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 22.2. Online Registration ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

If your copy of FM/2 is unregistered, the main window has a Register command.
Selecting this command leads to a dialog that allows you to apply the
information that you sent in when registering FM/2.

Fill the dialog in with the information you received, including the
registration number.  Type carefully (cut and paste recommended). Don't include
any enclosing quotation marks.

The Nodes: field is how many copies you registered; normally this would be one
(commercial users who ordered multiple registrations may be able to fill in
more than one for this to allow more than one copy to run concurrently and
possibly obtain a quantity discount).  If you ordered a commercial
registration, check the Commercial checkbox.

Finally, press the [Enter] key or click Okay.  If you filled in the fields
correctly, FM/2 tells you that you are now registered and the Register command
vanishes from the main menu.  Check the About box under the Help menu.  And
thanks for registering FM/2!

Note:  Registration information is placed into FM3.INI. You can back it up if
you like.  You definitely should save a hard copy of the information you
received so that you can reregister if something happens to your hard drive!
Protect your investment!

Haven't registered yet?  See the Registration topic!


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 23. Free Software ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Got your attention?  Here's the best news -- it's true.

Visit http://www.bmtmicro.com/catalog/fm2 for some free software. The FM/2
Utilities are available there, free-for-the-using to anyone.

Registered users of FM/2 can also pick up some free software there, for them
only.  And, of course, updates of FM/2 itself can be found there.

Haven't registered yet?  You can register online at the web site.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24. Terminology ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Some definitions:

GUI = Graphical User Interface

WPS = WorkPlace Shell, OS/2's GUI

PM = Presentation Manager, OS/2's graphical supersystem

B1 = Mouse button 1, usually the left button

B2 = Mouse button 2, usually the right button

B3 = Mouse button 3, usually the middle button.  Not all mice have three
buttons.  OS/2 will let you redefine the buttons using the WPS' Mouse object in
the System Setup folder.

Chord = Pressing B1 and B2 simultaneously

Context menu = a popup menu obtained directly on an object of interest by
clicking B2 while the mouse pointer is over the object. Context menus usually
have options tailored for the specific object.

Pulldown menu = the action bar menu just under the title bar of a window.  If
you don't know what a title bar is, run the OS/2 tutorial.

System menu = the icon at the top left of most PM main windows.  You can close
a window by double-clicking the System menu icon with B1.  Click once and you
get a menu (called, oddly enough, the system menu).

Conditional cascade menu = a submenu with the right-pointing link arrow
contained in a button on the menu item.  When the button is clicked, the
submenu displays (cascades) as with a normal submenu.  When the menu item
itself is clicked, a default action from the submenu is activated.  You can see
which submenu item is the default as it has a checkmark by it.  A conditional
cascade menu generally gives you a default option for a command and several
related commands; for instance, in an Archive Container, the Extract
conditional cascade menu defaults to simply extracting the selected objects,
but clicking the arrow button reveals several extract options that can be
selected instead.  FM/2 uses conditional cascade menus to keep the menus
organized in such a way that often used commands are immediately available but
many more commands are still accessible.

Toolbar = an array of buttons, usually with pictures on them, that you can
click with your mouse to cause commands to be activated -- a sort of menu for
illiterates.  The FM/2 toolbar can be turned on and off, can be changed from
icon to text buttons and back again, and can display text below the icon
buttons.  Brief help appears on the title bar when the mouse passes over a
toolbar button.

Toolbox = a collection of buttons in a toolbar.  FM/2 allows you to customize
and save toolboxes which you can load into the toolbar as desired.

Databar = a window to which you can cause FM/2 to be "minimized," or which can
be run separately, that shows occasionally updated information about your
system, such as free drive space, threads/processes, time/date, etc.

Drag and drop = an intuitive way of manipulating objects -- this is
more-or-less how you manipulate objects in the real world.  If you don't know
how to drag and drop, you really should run the OS/2 Tutorial.  Drag and drop
is a superior method for manipulating objects, as opposed to keyboard commands,
because you choose both the command and the target in one operation.

Dialog = a specialized input or informational window that's transient. You use
it, then it goes away. Dialogs generally have their own specialized help
available via a Help button.

Direct Editing = a method of changing the text of an object, as when you change
the name of an object on the WPS by pointing at it, holding down the ALT key
and clicking the text with B1.  FM/2 supports direct editing of file system
object names as well as Subject and Longname fields in Details view.

Default action = what happens when you double-click an object in a container
(or put the cursor on it with the arrow keys and press [Enter])  The default
action may sometimes be modified by the Shift state of the keyboard (if you
hold down Shift or Ctrl while double-clicking or pressing [Enter]).  The
General Help topic explains default actions in detail.

Accelerator keys = key combinations that allow you to quickly give a program a
command without going through menus or toolbars.  For example, FM/2's
accelerator key to get help is Ctrl + F1.  Note that accelerators are case
sensitive, so that Ctrl + m isn't the same as Ctrl + M -- you'll need to hold
down the Shift key or set Caps Lock to get the latter.

Drive Tree = the special window that's always open in FM/2 displaying your
drives in "tree" format.  If subdirectories are available, there will be a "+"
sign to the left of the drive which you can click to show the subdirectories.
Note that floppy drives (A: and B:) aren't checked for subdirectories until you
access them. Double-clicking a drive or directory in the Drive Tree opens a
Directory Container or switches the current Directory Container to "look" into
that directory (unless a Directory Container "looking" into that directory
already exists, in which case it's brought to the foreground).

Directory Container = a special window that "looks" into a particular directory
and shows you what's in it.

Archive Container = another special window that "looks" into an archive file
and shows you what's in it.

Collector = yet another special window that serves as a temporary storage place
for file system objects you place into it. Objects in the Collector are a
little like WPS Shadows in that they take up no additional space on your drives
-- they just represent the objects so you can manipulate them.

Quicklists = optional dropdown combo boxes at the top of the FM/2 window (below
the toolbar, if it's on) that give quick access to several often used things.
Also known as user lists.

Filter = what you do when you selectively remove some of the file system
objects from a container by giving filemasks and/or attribute masks to "filter"
what's displayed. Filtering affects only what shows; the files and directories
remain on the drive.

Mask = a filemask that can contain wildcard characters (* and ?) and select one
or more files.  In FM/2, filemasks can usually contain multiple masks separated
by semicolons.  See Filter link above for more information.

Current object = the object upon which commands will act (also called the
cursored object). The current object in a container is indicated by a dotted
outline around the object.  The current object may or may not also be
highlighted. There can only be one current object in a container.

Highlighted objects = objects in a container which are indicated by a different
color (usually darker) background.  If the current object is also highlighted,
commands affect all highlighted objects.  Highlighted objects are sometimes
referred to as selected objects.  Note that in the Drive Tree there is always
one highlighted object (which will also be the current object), but in other
containers there can be many or no highlighted objects, and, depending on the
selection type you use (see Windows toggle page), the current object may not be
a highlighted object.  Thus understanding the distinction between current and
highlighted objects is important.

Autoview window = an optional window (Config->Toggle Autoview Window) that
shows you the first few lines of current file objects.

State = the state of the FM/2 main window at any given time -- what directories
are open, where their Directory Containers are positioned, etc.

Tree view = a container view similar to an inverted tree, with roots at the top
and leaves at the bottom.  The FM/2 Drive Tree is an example of this sort of
view, as is the default view of an OS/2 WPS Drive object.

Icon view = a container view showing the object's name below the object's icon.
This is the default view for a WPS folder.

Name view = a container view showing the object's name beside the object's
icon.

Text view = a container view showing only the object's name. Text view shows
more objects for a given space than any other view, but the least amount of
information.

Details view = a container view showing full object information in rows.  A
detail container is split into two sides with one vertical scrollbar serving
both sides, and two separate horizontal scrollbars.  Details view shows more
information on the objects within it than any other view; it also displays
fewer objects for a given space.

MLE = Multi Line Edit control.  This is something like a text editor.  They can
(and do) come in all sizes.

Container whitespace = an empty part of a container (a part without an object
on it).

Monolithic application = FM/2 as run from the FM/2 program object, with the big
window containing a Drive tree and Directory containers within it.  You can
also run parts of FM/2 separately.

See also these pictures:
FM/2 Window Layout
Current object & selected objects
Cascade menus & accelerator keys
Context and sub menus
Drag and drop
Direct editing


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.1. Current object & selected objects ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

The current object is the one with the dotted outline; the mouse pointer is
pointing at it.  The selected objects are those with the darker outline.  If
the current object is also selected, commands affect all selected objects.
Otherwise, commands affect only the current object.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.2. Cascade menus & accelerator keys ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 with a cascade menu off a pulldown menu open: Notice the checked default
action "FM/2 Window" on the Open cascade menu -- this is what would be executed
if you clicked Open other than on the arrow button.  Clicking the button opens
the cascade menu.  Standard submenus have arrows that are not buttons; clicking
anywhere on one of thse items opens the submenu.

Notice that listed beside "FM/2 Window" is the accelerator key Ctrl + o. This
is the command to open a new FM/2 window, and is the fastest way to input a
command.

Here's a picture of a cascade menu and a submenu: note the difference in
appearance between the Miscellaneous cascade menu and the Select submenu.

Finally, note that the Files pulldown menu is a "ghost" for a context menu
requested on a file/directory object.  The Views pulldown is a "ghost" for a
context menu requested over container whitespace.  Since you can select the
container and/or item while requesting a context menu in one smooth motion with
a mouse, context menus are faster than pulldowns. The "ghosts" are mainly for
people without a pointing device available.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.3. Context and sub menus ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 with a sub menu off a context menu open: Here FM/2 is displaying a context
menu that was requested over whitespace in the Drive Tree.  This is the same
thing you'd get if you'd clicked the Views pulldown menu with the Drive Tree
active (titlebar highlighted). The Sort submenu is open.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.4. Drag and drop ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

FM/2 with a drag and drop operation underway: Several files are being moved
from a Directory Container to a directory in the Drive Tree.  Notice that in
this picture several Directory Containers are open with different views
(Details, Text and Name view) and that mini-icons are used in the Drive Tree
container.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 24.5. Direct editing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

An example of direct editing.  Press and hold the ALT key while clicking the
filename in the container with B1.  A new name can then be entered into the
small MLE by the object's icon (where the name usually shows), and another
click of B1 will accept the input, while Escape will abort the operation.

Note that the entire pathname of the object is presented for editing -- this
allows you to move the object as you rename it, if desired.  The filename
portion of the pathname is initially highlighted for you, so there's no extra
work for a simple file rename.  FM/2 also tries to enlarge the MLE created to
make things easier.  Standard OS/2 editing keys work as expected.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 25. FM/2 Lite ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 "FM/2 Lite" is an alternate "personality" for FM/2.  It's invoked from the
FM4.EXE executable rather than FM3.EXE.

This personality is a simplified version of the standard FM/2 interface. You
get two Directory Containers and an optional Drive Tree.  You have a choice in
how to split the screen (Windows->Tile backwards) -- vertically or
horizontally.  The internal windows do not have titlebars and cannot be moved
or sized (the Drive Tree, if open, can have its width changed by dragging the
right edge of the window).

The Files, Views and Utilities menus have been simplified by omitting seldom
used "advanced" commands.  The omitted commands are still available via context
menus and accelerator keys.  A few other features have been left out to
simplify the interface.  If you consider yourself an advanced user, what are
you doing here?  :-)

The current window within the main window is surrounded by a red line. If the
Drive Tree is active and the current window, the Directory Container that will
be affected by double-clicking a directory in the Tree is surrounded by a dark
red line.  Tab and Shift-Tab can be used to switch between the windows.

Other topics that might be of interest:

Terminology
General Help
How to use FM/2's help


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 26. OS/2 error list ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

Following are a list of errors you might occasionally see from OS/2, and what
they mean:

2    ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
        File not found.
3    ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND
        Path not found.
4    ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES
        Too many open files
        (no handles left).
5    ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
        Access denied.
6    ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE
        Invalid handle.
11   ERROR_BAD_FORMAT
        Invalid format.
15   ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE
        Invalid drive specified.
16   ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY
        Attempting to remove
        current directory.
18   ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES
        No more files.
19   ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT
        Attempt to write on
        write-protected diskette.
20   ERROR_BAD_UNIT
        Unknown unit.
21   ERROR_NOT_READY
        Drive not ready.
23   ERROR_CRC
        Data error (CRC).
25   ERROR_SEEK
        Seek error.
26   ERROR_NOT_DOS_DISK
        Unknown media type.
27   ERROR_SECTOR_NOT_FOUND
        Sector not found.
28   ERROR_OUT_OF_PAPER
        Printer out of paper.
29   ERROR_WRITE_FAULT
        Write fault.
30   ERROR_READ_FAULT
        Read fault.
31   ERROR_GEN_FAILURE
        General failure.
32   ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION
        Sharing violation.
33   ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION
        Lock violation.
34   ERROR_WRONG_DISK
        Invalid disk change.
35   ERROR_FCB_UNAVAILABLE
        FCB unavailable.
36   ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED
        Sharing buffer overflow.
50   ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED
        Network request not supported.
65   ERROR_NETWORK_ACCESS_DENIED
        Access denied.
80   ERROR_FILE_EXISTS
        File exists.
82   ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE
        Cannot make directory entry.
84   ERROR_OUT_OF_STRUCTURES
        Too many redirections.
85   ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED
        Duplicate redirection.
88   ERROR_NET_WRITE_FAULT
        Network device fault.
99   ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE
        Device in use.
107  ERROR_DISK_CHANGE
        Insert drive B disk into
        drive A.
108  ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED
        Drive locked by another
        process.
110  ERROR_OPEN_FAILED
        Open/create failed due
        to explicit fail command.
112  ERROR_DISK_FULL
        Not enough space on the disk.
113  ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES
        Cannot allocate another
        search structure and handle.
118  ERROR_INVALID_VERIFY_SWITCH
        Invalid value passed for
        verify flag.
123  ERROR_INVALID_NAME
        Illegal character or bad
        file-system name.
124  ERROR_INVALID_LEVEL
        Non-implemented level for
        information retrieval or setting.
125  ERROR_NO_VOLUME_LABEL
        No volume label found with
        DosQFsInfo command.
130  ERROR_DIRECT_ACCESS_HANDLE
        Handle operation invalid for
        direct disk-access handles.
131  ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK
        Attempting seek to negative
        offset.
132  ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE
        Application trying to seek
        on device or pipe.
133  ERROR_IS_JOIN_TARGET
        Drive has previously joined
        drives.
134  ERROR_IS_JOINED
        Drive is already joined.
135  ERROR_IS_SUBSTED
        Drive is already substituted.
136  ERROR_NOT_JOINED
        Cannot delete drive that is
        not joined.
137  ERROR_NOT_SUBSTED
        Cannot delete drive that is
        not substituted.
138  ERROR_JOIN_TO_JOIN
        Cannot join to a joined drive.
139  ERROR_SUBST_TO_SUBST
        Cannot substitute to a
        substituted drive.
140  ERROR_JOIN_TO_SUBST
        Cannot join to a substituted
        drive.
141  ERROR_SUBST_TO_JOIN
        Cannot substitute to a joined
        drive.
142  ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE
        Specified drive is busy.
143  ERROR_SAME_DRIVE
        Cannot join or substitute a
        drive to a directory on the
        same drive.
144  ERROR_DIR_NOT_ROOT
        Directory must be a
        subdirectory of the root.
145  ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY
        Directory must be empty
        to use join command.
146  ERROR_IS_SUBST_PATH
        Path specified is being
        used in a substitute.
147  ERROR_IS_JOIN_PATH
        Path specified is being
        used in join.
148  ERROR_PATH_BUSY
        Path specified is being
        used by another process.
149  ERROR_IS_SUBST_TARGET
        Cannot join or substitute drive
        having directory that is target
        of a previous substitute.
154  ERROR_LABEL_TOO_LONG
        Volume label too big.
161  ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME
        Bad path name passed to exec.
166  ERROR_UNC_DRIVER_NOT_INSTALLED
        Default redir return code
167  ERROR_LOCK_FAILED
        Locking failed.
168  ERROR_SWAPIO_FAILED
        Swap IO failed.
169  ERROR_SWAPIN_FAILED
        Swap in failed.
170  ERROR_BUSY
        Busy.
192  ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID
        EXE marked invalid - link
        detected errors when
        application created.
193  ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT
        Bad EXE format - file is
        DOS mode program or
        improper program.
206  ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE
        File name or extension
        greater than "8.3" characters.
211  ERROR_INFO_NOT_AVAIL
        File system information not
        available for this file.
212  ERROR_LOCKED
        Locked error.
250  ERROR_CIRCULARITY_REQUESTED
        Renaming a directory that
        would cause a circularity
        problem.
251  ERROR_DIRECTORY_IN_CDS
        Renaming a directory that is
        in use.
252  ERROR_INVALID_FSD_NAME
        Trying to access nonexistent FSD.
253  ERROR_INVALID_PATH
        Bad pseudo device.
254  ERROR_INVALID_EA_NAME
        Bad character in name, or
        bad cbName.
255  ERROR_EA_LIST_INCONSISTENT
        List does not match its size,
        or bad EAs in list.
256  ERROR_EA_LIST_TOO_LONG
        FEAList > 64K-1 bytes.
259  ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS
        DosQFSAttach ordinal query.
260  ERROR_SEARCH_STRUC_REUSED
        DOS mode findfirst/next search
        structure reused.
263  ERROR_INVALID_ATTR
        Invalid attribute.
266  ERROR_CANNOT_COPY
        Cannot copy.
267  ERROR_DIRECTORY
        Used by DOSCOPY in doscall1.
268  ERROR_OPLOCKED_FILE
        Oplocked file.
270  ERROR_VOLUME_CHANGED
        Volume changed.
275  ERROR_EAS_DIDNT_FIT
        EAS didnt fit.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 27. Keys help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Directory Containers
Note:  many commands also available in Drive Tree and Collector windows.

Ctrl + A            Archive
Ctrl + a            Change attributes
Ctrl + C            Collect
Ctrl + c            Copy
Ctrl + D            Permanently delete
Ctrl + d            Delete
Ctrl + E            Edit extended attributes
Ctrl + e            Edit file
Ctrl + F            Find directory in Drive Tree
Ctrl + f            Filter
Ctrl + G            See all files from cursored directory
Ctrl + g            See all files from Container directory
Ctrl + H            Detach a drive from a remote resource (Drive Tree only)
Ctrl + i            Information
Ctrl + l            Play multimedia files (via FM2Play.EXE)
Ctrl + M            Make directory
Ctrl + m            Move
Ctrl + o            Open window
Ctrl + q            Quick tree for current directory
Ctrl + Q            Quick tree for Container
Ctrl + P            Previous directory
Ctrl + p            Print
Ctrl + R            Rescan
Ctrl + r            Rename
Ctrl + S            Save filenames to listfile (catalog)
Ctrl + s            Subject
Ctrl + T            Set Target directory
Ctrl + U            UUdecode files
Ctrl + u            Update objects
Ctrl + v            View
Ctrl + w            Walk to new directory
Ctrl + x            Extract
Ctrl + Z            Directory sizes
Ctrl + >            Previous directory
Ctrl + .            Parent directory
Ctrl + +            Deselect mask
Ctrl + =            Select mask
Ctrl + ?            Select all directories
Ctrl + /            Select all files
Ctrl + |            Select all directories
Ctrl + \            Deselect all
Ctrl + {            Append to clipboard
Ctrl + [            Save to clipboard
Ctrl + }            Deselect clipboard
Ctrl + ]            Select clipboard
Ctrl + ;            Invert selection
Ctrl + '            Reselect
Delete              Delete
Alt + Insert        Create a new file
F3                  Close window
Ctrl + F5           Command line
F6                  Open default
F7                  Open settings
Ctrl + F7           Show sort submenu
Ctrl + F8           Show select submenu
Ctrl + 1            Invoke first configured Command
Ctrl + 0            Invoke tenth configured Command
Ctrl + Shift + 1    Invoke eleventh configured Command
Ctrl + Shift + 0    Invoke twentieth configured Command

Specific to Collector

Ctrl + g            Seek and scan files
Escape              Stop seek and scan in progress

Archive Containers

Ctrl + d            Delete
Ctrl + E            Execute
Ctrl + e            Edit
Ctrl + f            Filter
Ctrl + i            Find
Ctrl + l            Play multimedia files (via FM2Play.EXE)
Ctrl + p            Print
Ctrl + R            Rescan
Ctrl + T            Test
Ctrl + V            Virus scan
Ctrl + v            View
Ctrl + w            Walk to new extract directory
Ctrl + X            Extract w/ directories
Ctrl + x            Extract
Ctrl + +            Deselect mask
Ctrl + =            Select mask
Ctrl + /            Select all
Ctrl + \            Deselect all
Ctrl + ;            Invert selection
Ctrl + '            Reselect
F3                  Close window

FM/2 monolithic window

Ctrl + k            Keys help
Ctrl + O            Walk to new directory, open Container
Ctrl + t            Tile windows
Ctrl + W            Window dialog
F2                  Collector
Ctrl + F3           Close FM/2
Ctrl + Shift + F4   Autoview .COMMENTS EA
Ctrl + F4           Autoview file contents
F4                  Toggle autoview window
F5                  Command line
Ctrl + Shift + F8   Toggle drivebar
Ctrl + F8           Toggle bottom buttons
F8                  Toggle quicklists
F9                  OS/2 window
Ctrl + F10          Begin direct edit
Ctrl + F11          End direct edit
Tab                 Next frame window
Shift + Tab         Previous frame window
Ctrl + Tab          Autoview window (if open)

FM/2-Lite monolithic window

Ctrl + k            Keys help
Ctrl + W            Change both directories
F2                  Collector
Ctrl + F3           Close FM/2-Lite
Ctrl + Shift + F4   Autoview .COMMENTS EA
Ctrl + F4           Autoview file contents
F4                  Toggle autoview window
F5                  Command line
Ctrl + Shift + F8   Toggle drivebar
Ctrl + F8           Toggle bottom buttons
F8                  Toggle quicklists
F9                  OS/2 window
Ctrl + F10          Begin direct edit
Ctrl + F11          End direct edit
Tab                 Next frame window
Shift + Tab         Previous frame window
Ctrl + Tab          Autoview window (if open)

Fast internal viewer

Ctrl + e            Edit this file
Ctrl + f            Find first
Ctrl + h            Hex mode
Ctrl + j            Goto line
Ctrl + N            Next selected line
Ctrl + n            Find next
Ctrl + o            Goto offset
Ctrl + P            Previous selected line
Ctrl + p            Find previous
Ctrl + v            View filename at start of line
Ctrl + w            Write to file
Ctrl + /            Select all
Ctrl + \            Deselect all
Ctrl + ;            Invert selection
Ctrl + {            Append to clipboard
Ctrl + [            Save to clipboard
Tab                 Switch to bookmark window (if open)
F3 or Esc           Close window
F11                 Next blank line
F12                 Previous blank line

Internal viewer/editor

Ctrl + a            Append to clipboard
Ctrl + c            Change filename
Ctrl + f            Find first
Ctrl + I            Case insensitive
Ctrl + i            Insert file
Ctrl + j            Jump to line
Ctrl + n            Find next
Ctrl + q            Quit
Ctrl + R            Toggle readonly
Ctrl + s            Save file
Ctrl + u            Undo
Ctrl + W            Write block
Ctrl + w            Toggle wordwrap
Ctrl + y            Delete line
Ctrl + /            Select all
Ctrl + \            Deselect all
F2                  Set font
F3                  Close window
Escape              Close window (if viewing)

See all files window

Ctrl + A            Archive
Ctrl + a            Change attributes
Ctrl + C            Collect
Ctrl + c            Copy
Ctrl + D            Permanently delete
Ctrl + d            Delete
Ctrl + E            Edit extended attributes
Ctrl + f            Filter
Ctrl + i            Information
Ctrl + m            Move
Ctrl + p            Print
Ctrl + R            Rescan
Ctrl + r            Rename
Ctrl + S            Save names to listfile (catalog)
Ctrl + s            Subject
Ctrl + U            UUdecode files
Ctrl + x            Extract
Ctrl + +            Deselect mask
Ctrl + =            Select mask
Ctrl + /            Select all
Ctrl + \            Deselect all
Ctrl + ;            Invert selection
Ctrl + {            Append to clipboard
Ctrl + [            Save to clipboard
F3                  Close window
F6                  Open default
F7                  Open settings

INI viewer

Ctrl + a            Add entry
Ctrl + C            Copy application
Ctrl + c            Copy keyword
Ctrl + D            Delete application
Ctrl + d            Delete keyword
Ctrl + e            Edit entry
Ctrl + F            Filter
Ctrl + f            Refresh
Ctrl + o            Other profile
Ctrl + R            Rename application
Ctrl + r            Rename keyword
Ctrl + s            System profile
Ctrl + u            User profile
F3                  Close window
F5                  Find first
F6                  Find next
Tab                 Next control window
Shift + Tab         Previous control window

Miscellaneous

To control the monolithic frame window, use Ctrl + the usual keys (see system
menu).

Notes

Remember, accelerator keys are case sensitive -- Ctrl + r isn't the same thing
as Ctrl + R.  The latter is obtained by holding down both Ctrl and Shift while
pressing the "R" key.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 28. Mouse click help ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The following mouse clicks apply to the Drive Tree, Directory Containers and
the Collector:

B1x2 + Ctrl + Alt       Global file view (directories only)
B1x2 + Ctrl + Shift     Open WPS Settings notebook
B1x2 + Ctrl             Open WPS default view
B1x2 + Shift            Open a new FM/2 Directory Container (directories) or
                        direct view (files)
B1x2                    Switch Directory Container (directories) or "best" view
                        (files)
B1 + Alt                Direct rename item
B2                      Context menu
Chord or B3x2           Open a new FM/2 Directory Container (Drive Tree only)

Notes:

"Direct view" means that the file is viewed in the configured viewer without
regard to associations, archive status, executability, etc. "Best view" means
that the file is first checked for associations, then archive status, then to
see if it's executable, then finally passed to the configured viewer if all
other tests fail to find a match.

"B1" means "click with mouse button one."  "B1x2" means "double-click with
mouse button one."  "B1x2 + Ctrl" means "double-click with mouse button one
while holding down the Ctrl key."

There are keyboard equivalents for these mouse actions, in case you're allergic
to rodents.

See also the Folder button topic.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 29. File Dialog ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This works exactly like the standard OS/2 file dialog with the exception that
it contains a UserDirs dropdown list.  See the Walk Directories topic for more
info on user directories, including how to set them up.

The idea here is pretty simple -- you want to give the dialog a filename.  You
can type it directly into the Filename entry field or select it using the list
controls.

The Drives dropdown list can be used to change the current drive. The
Directories listbox can be used to switch directories on the current drive (as
can the UserDirs dropdown).  The Files listbox can be used to pick an existing
file.

You can also enter a simple filemask (for example, "*.EXE") into the Filename
entry field to filter the files displayed in the Files listbox.