PC Online 1997 October/PCO1097.ISO/FilesBBS/DOS/HFSUO010.ARJ/HFSUO010.ZIP/hfsutils.INF

OS/2 Help File | 1997-07-25 | 24.0 KB | 582 lines

ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. 1 Introduction ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 hfsutils is a collection of tools for accessing Macintosh HFS-formatted
 volumes.  HFS is the Hierarchical File System used on modern Macintosh
 computers.

 The utilities were originally part of the hfsutils package for UNIX systems.
 This port uses the emx programming environment.  There are binary versions for
 OS/2 and Windows 95/NT.  Both versions also run under DOS.

 hfsutils is free software, distributed under the GNU General Public License.
 Please see the file `COPYING' for details.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. 2 Installing hfsutils ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

  System requirements
  Additional software
  Installation instructions


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.1. 2.1 System requirements ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 hfsutils requires a 386 processor or better.  Supported operating systems are
 DOS version 3 and higher, OS/2 2.0 and higher, and Win32 (Windows 95/NT).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.2. 2.2 Additional software ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 In order to use hfsutils under Windows 95/NT in native mode, you need the
 RSXNT extender.  This package is available as

          ftp://ftp.uni-bielefeld.de/pub/systems/msdos/misc/rsxnt131.zip

 For OS/2, you need the emx runtime environment, available as

          ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/devtools/gnu/emx+gcc/emxrt.zip

 Only the OS/2 parts of the runtime need to be installed, as hfsutils uses rsx
 under DOS.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3. 2.3 Installation instructions ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 These are the steps for installing hfsutils.

   1. Set the HOME environment variable to point to a directory where hfsutils
      can store the file `hfs.cfg'.  This can be done by adding a line like

                SET HOME=C:\HFSUTILS

    to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file (DOS and Windows95) or the CONFIG.SYS file (OS/2).
    Under Windows NT, environment variables are set in the `System' settings of
    the Control Panel.  Note that the directory has to be writable.

   2. Add the directory where you put hfsutils to your PATH.  If you want to
      avoid this, you can set the HFSUTILS variable to point to this directory
      instead.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. 3 Using the utilities ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 In this section, the term `DOS' refers to the PC environment (as opposed to
 the Macintosh environment).  This includes plain DOS, OS/2 and Windows 95/NT.

  hmount - introduce a new HFS volume and make it current
  humount - remove an HFS volume from the list of known volumes
  hvol - display or change the current HFS volume
  hls - list files in an HFS directory
  hdir - display an HFS directory in long format
  hcopy - copy files from or to an HFS volume
  hdel - delete both forks of an HFS file
  hrename - rename or move an HFS file or directory
  hattrib - change HFS file or directory attributes
  hcd - change working HFS directory
  hpwd - print the full path of the current HFS working directory
  hmkdir - create a new HFS directory
  hrmdir - remove an empty HFS directory
  hformat - create a new HFS filesystem and make it current


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1. 3.1 hmount - introduce a new HFS volume and make it current ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hmount source-path [partition-no]

 hmount is used to introduce a new HFS volume.  A DOS pathname to the volume's
 source must be specified.  The source may be a drive letter or a regular file
 containing an HFS volume image.

 If a partition number n is specified and the volume source is located on a
 partitioned medium, the nth HFS partition on the source will be mounted.  By
 default, the first HFS partition found is mounted.

 The mounted volume becomes "current" so subsequent commands will refer to it.
 The current working directory for the volume is set to the root of the volume.
 This information is kept in a file named `hfs.cfg' in the home directory.

 If the source medium is changed (e.g.  floppy or CD-ROM disc exchanged) after
 hmount has been called, subsequent HFS commands will fail until the original
 medium is replaced or a different volume is made current.  To use the same
 source path with the different medium, reissue the hmount command.

 Examples:

          hmount A:

 If a Macintosh floppy disk is available as A:, this command makes the floppy
 current for other HFS commands such as hls, hcd, hcopy, etc.

          hmount macdisk.bin

 Mounts a volume that resides in the file `macdisk.bin'.

 Notes

 Relative source pathnames are never made absolute, and so may cause problems
 if your current directory changes.  Absolute pathnames are therefore
 recommended.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2. 3.2 humount - remove an HFS volume from the list of known volumes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hmount [volume-name-or-path]

 humount is used to forget about an HFS volume previously mounted with hmount.
 Either the volume's name or the path to the volume may be used to specify the
 volume.  If no name or path is given, the current volume is assumed.

 It is not strictly necessary to use this command.  It does not affect any
 physical volumes; it only updates the file named `hfs.cfg' in the home
 directory used to keep track of the currently known HFS volumes.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3. 3.3 hvol - display or change the current HFS volume ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hvol [volume-or-path]

 With no arguments, hvol displays the name and path to the "current" HFS volume
 as well as the names and paths of all previously mounted ("known") volumes.

 With an argument, hvol changes the current volume to be the one specified.
 Either the name of the volume or the path to its source can be specified.  The
 volume must have been previously mounted using hmount.

 A separate "current working directory" is maintained for each mounted volume.
 This information is kept in a file named `hfs.cfg' in the home directory.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.4. 3.4 hls - list files in an HFS directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hls [options] [hfs-path ...]

 hls lists files and directories contained in an HFS volume.  If one or more
 arguments are given, each specified file or directory is shown; otherwise, the
 contents of the current working directory are shown.

 Options:

 -1      Output is formatted such that each entry appears on a single line.
         This is the default when the standard output is redirected to a file
         or pipe.

 -a      All files and directories are shown, including "invisible" files, as
         would be perceived by the Macintosh Finder.  Normally invisible files
         are omitted from directory listings.

 -b      Special characters are displayed in an escaped backslash notation.
         Normally special or non-printable characters in filenames are replaced
         by a question mark (?).

 -c      Sort and display entries by their creation date, rather than their
         modification date.

 -d      List directory entries themselves rather than their contents.
         Normally the contents are shown for named directories on the
         command-line.

 -f      Do not sort directory contents; list them in the order they appear in
         the directory.  This option effectively enables -a and -U and disables
         -l, -s, and -t.

 -i      Show the catalog IDs for each entry.  Every file and directory on an
         HFS volume has a unique catalog ID.

 -l      Display entries in long format.  This format shows the entry type ("d"
         for directory or "f" for file), flags ("i" for invisible), file type
         and creator (four-character strings for files only), size (number of
         directory sub-contents or file resource and data bytes, respectively),
         date of last modification (or creation, with -c flag), and pathname.
         Macintosh "locked" files are indicated by "F" in place of "f".

 -m      Display entries in a continuous format separated by commas.

 -q      Replace special and non-printable characters in displayed filenames
         with question marks (?).  This is the default when the standard output
         is connected to a terminal (as opposed to a file or pipe).

 -r      Sort entries in reverse order before displaying.

 -s      Show the file size for each entry in 1K block units.  The size
         includes blocks used for both data and resource forks.

 -t      Sort and display entries by time.  Normally files will be sorted by
         name.  This option uses the last modification date to sort unless -c
         is also specified.

 -x      Display entries in column format like -C, but sorted horizontally into
         rows rather than columns.

 -w width Format output lines suitable for display in the given width.
         Normally the width will be determined from your terminal, from the
         environment variable COLUMNS, or from a default value of 80.

 -C      Display entries in column format with entries sorted vertically.  This
         is the default output format when standard output is connected to a
         terminal.

 -F      Cause certain output filenames to be followed by a single-character
         flag indicating the nature of the entry; directories are followed by a
         colon (:) and executable Macintosh applications are followed by an
         asterisk (*).

 -N      Cause all filenames to be output verbatim without any escaping or
         question-mark substitution.

 -Q      Cause all filenames to be enclosed within double-quotes (") and
         special/non-printable characters to be properly escaped.

 -R      For each directory that is encountered in a listing, recursively
         descend into and display its contents.

 -S      Sort and display entries by size.  For files, the combined resource
         and data lengths are used to compute a file 's size.

 -U      Do not sort directory contents; list them in the order they appear in
         the directory.  On HFS volumes, this is usually an alphabetical
         case-insensitive ordering, although there are some idiosyncrasies to
         the Macintosh implementation of ordering.  This option does not affect
         -a, -l, or -s.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5. 3.5 hdir - display an HFS directory in long format ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hdir [options] [hfs-path ...]

 hdir is an alternative interface to hls.  It is equivalent to supplying hls
 the -l flag.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.6. 3.6 hcopy - copy files from or to an HFS volume ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hcopy [-m | -b | -t | -r | -a] source-path [...] target-path

 hcopy transfers files from an HFS volume to DOS or vice versa.  The named
 source files are copied to the named destination target, which must be a
 directory if multiple files are to be copied.

 Copies are performed using a translation mode, which must be one of:

 -m      MacBinary II: A popular format for binary file transfer.  Both forks
         of the Macintosh file are preserved.  This is the recommended mode for
         transferring arbitrary Macintosh files.

 -b      BinHex: An alternative format for ASCII file transfer.  Both forks of
         the Macintosh file are preserved.

 -t      Text: Performs end-of-line translation.  Only the data fork of the
         Macintosh file is copied.

 -r      Raw Data: Performs no translation.  Only the data fork of the
         Macintosh file is copied.

 -a      Automatic: A mode will be chosen automatically for each file based on
         a set of predefined heuristics.

 If no mode is specified, -a is assumed.

 If a DOS source pathname is specified as a single dash (-), hcopy will copy
 from standard input to the HFS destination.  Likewise, a single dash used as a
 DOS destination pathname will cause hcopy to copy the HFS source to standard
 output.

 Copied files may have their filenames altered during translation.  For
 example, an appropriate file extension may be added or removed, and certain
 other characters may also be transliterated.

 The destination target must not be ambiguous; that is, it must be obvious
 whether the target is on the DOS filesystem or on an HFS volume.  As a rule,
 HFS targets must contain at least one colon (:), usually as the beginning of a
 relative pathname or by itself to represent the current working directory.  As
 a special exception, if the target pathname start with a drive letter, it will
 be assumed to be on the DOS filesystem.  To make a DOS target unambiguous,
 either use an absolute pathname or precede a relative pathname with a dot and
 slash (./).


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.7. 3.7 hdel - delete both forks of an HFS file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hdel hfs-path [...]

 hdel deletes files from the current HFS volume.  Both forks (resource and
 data) of each named file are removed, freeing space for other files.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.8. 3.8 hrename - rename or move an HFS file or directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hrename hfs-src-path [...] hfs-target-path

 hrename changes the name and/or location of one or more files or directories.
 If only one source path is specified and the target path is in the same
 directory as the source, only the name is changed.  Otherwise the source
 object is moved as well as possibly being renamed.

 If multiple source paths are specified, the target must be a directory, and
 all of the source objects will be moved into it (keeping the same names.)

 If the source path refers to the root directory of a volume, the volume name
 will be changed.  The root directory cannot be moved.  Note that volume names
 can only have 1-27 characters, while all other names may have 1-31 characters.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.9. 3.9 hattrib - change HFS file or directory attributes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hattrib [-t TYPE] [-c CREA] [-|+i] [-|+l] hfs-path [...]

 hattrib permits the alteration of HFS file attributes.  The MacOS-defined type
 and creator attributes can be set using the -t and -c flags, respectively.  A
 file's invisible flag can be set or cleared with +i and -i, respectively.
 Finally, a file's locked flag can be set or cleared with +l and -l.

 All files mentioned on the command line will receive the specified attributes,
 regardless of the file's current attributes.  Any attribute not mentioned in
 the command line is left unchanged.

 Note that the invisible and locked flags only have meaning to the Macintosh
 Finder.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.10. 3.10 hcd - change working HFS directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hcd [hfs-path]

 hcd is used to change the notion of the "current working directory" for the
 current HFS volume.  All subsequent HFS commands will interpret filenames
 relative to this directory, unless absolute pathnames are used.

 If the argument pathname is omitted, hcd will change to the root of the
 current volume.

 Note: Although absolute pathnames can be given to hcd, the full pathname must
 match the current volume; it cannot specify a path for a different volume.
 Use hvol or hmount to change the current volume.  (Each volume has its own
 independent current working directory.)


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.11. 3.11 hpwd - print the full path of the current HFS working directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hpwd

 hpwd displays the complete (absolute) HFS pathname to the current working
 directory on the current volume.  The current working directory can be changed
 with the hcd command.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.12. 3.12 hmkdir - create a new HFS directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hmkdir hfs-path [...]

 hmkdir creates new, empty directories (folders) on the current HFS volume.
 There must not already be a file or directory with each named path.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.13. 3.13 hrmdir - remove an empty HFS directory ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hrmdir hfs-path [...]

 hrmdir deletes directories (folders) from the current HFS volume.  Each named
 directory must already be empty.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.14. 3.14 hformat - create a new HFS filesystem and make it current ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

     hformat [-l label] destination-path [partition-no]

 hformat is used to write a new HFS filesystem to a volume.  A DOS pathname to
 the volume's destination must be specified.  The destination may be either a
 drive letter or a regular file, but must already exist and be writable.  (If a
 regular file, the size of the file determines the maximum size of the
 resulting volume image.) Note that the medium must already be low-level
 formatted.  To format a new, unformatted diskette with hformat, format it with
 the usual FORMAT utility first.

 An optional label can be specified to name the volume.  The name must be
 between 1-27 characters and cannot contain a colon (:).  By default, the
 volume will be named Untitled.

 If a partition number n is specified, the nth HFS partition in the existing
 medium will receive the filesystem.  By default, and also when n is 0, the
 entire medium will be formatted with the new filesystem.  If a partition is
 specified, it must already exist.

 The new volume will be empty, but will also become "current" so subsequent
 commands will refer to it.  The current working directory for the volume is
 set to the root of the volume.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. 4 Usage notes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

  HFS pathnames
  Wildcard expansion
  Environment variables
  Notes for DOS users
  Notes for Windows95 users
  Using Macintosh diskettes


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. 4.1 HFS pathnames ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 HFS pathnames consist of colon-separated components.  Unlike DOS pathnames, an
 HFS path which begins with a colon is a relative path, and one which does not
 is an absolute path.  As sole exception to this rule, a path not containing
 any colons is assumed to be relative.  Thus :Foo:Bar is a relative path, while
 Foo:Bar is an absolute path.

 Absolute pathnames always begin with the name of the volume itself.  Any
 occurrence of two or more consecutive colons in a path causes resolution of
 the path to ascend into parent directories.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. 4.2 Wildcard expansion ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The utilities allow using the wildcard characters `*' and `?' to specify
 filenames.  However, the meaning of these characters is somewhat more
 complicated than in most DOS programs.  The reason is that wildcard expansion
 is performed twice, for local files and for files on the HFS volume.

 The first expansion is similar to that used in UNIX systems.  Any arguments
 that contain wildcards will be replaced with a list of the matching filenames
 in the native file system.  If no files match the wildcard pattern, the
 wildcard argument is kept unchanged.  Moreover, wildcards within double quotes
 will not be expanded.

 The second expansion is similar, but matches files on the HFS volume.  It
 starts with the results of the first wildcard expansion, and applies only to
 arguments that specify HFS files.  Therefore, any wildcards for HFS file
 specifications must be protected from being expanded in the first step by
 double quotes.

 In the expansion of HFS filenames, the backslash character may be used to
 quote a single character.  This makes it possible to specify HFS filenames
 that contain special characters such as `*' and `?'.

 Some common examples follow.

     To list all filenames on the current HFS volume that begin with `foo':

              hls "foo*"

   Note that the double quotes are necessary to prevent the `*' to be expanded
   against the DOS files.

     To copy all DOS files whose names end in `.c' to the HFS volume:

              hcopy *.c :

   Here the wildcard is expanded to a list of matching files in the current
   directory.

     To delete all files in the current directory on the HFS volume:

              hdel "*"

   Alternatively, you can use:

              hdel :*

   This works because the specification begins with a colon and hence does not
   match any DOS files.  Hence it is not expanded in the first expansion.

     To copy `myfile.txt' to the HFS file `My*File':

              hcopy myfile.txt ":My*File"

   The asterisk needs to be protected from the expansion against DOS files.
   Since hcopy does not perform any expansion for target files, the asterisk
   should not be escaped by a backslash.

     To copy the HFS file `My*File' to the file `myfile' in DOS:

              hcopy ":My\*File" myfile

   The backslash ensures that the asterisk is not expanded in the second
   expansion.  The `:' is not strictly necessary.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.3. 4.3 Environment variables ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The utilities use the following environment variables:

 HFSUTILS Specifies the directory where the executable `hfsutil.exe' and the
         extender `rsxhfs.exe' reside.  These files are first looked for in the
         current directory, then in the directories listed in the PATH
         variable, and finally in the directories specified in the HFSUTILS
         variable.

 HOME    Specifies the "home directory" where the file `hfs.cfg' will be
         placed.  This file records the volumes known to hfsutils.  If this
         variable is not set, the current directory will be used.  Since this
         causes problems when the current directory is changed, it is
         recommended that this variable be used.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.4. 4.4 Notes for DOS users ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 Supported devices

 Under DOS, the utilities work with block devices such as floppy disks.  The
 device must be known to DOS and have a drive letter.  CD-ROMs can not be
 accessed, because they are not viewed as block devices in DOS.

 DPMI

 hfsutils requires a DPMI server.  A server is included (the program
 `CSXHFS.EXE').  It will be loaded automatically if no other server is present,
 and must be located either in the current directory or in a directory listed
 in the HFSUTILS variable.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.5. 4.5 Notes for Windows95 users ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 When running as a native Win32 application, hfsutils can only access disk
 drives directly under Windows NT.  For Windows95, you have to use the RSX
 extender and run hfsutils as a DOS application.  This is done by running
 RSXHFS to load the utilities, as in the following example:

          rsxhfs hcopy foo :macfoo

 Note that this limits the devices to those that are accessible under plain
 DOS, i.e., diskettes.  CD-ROMs and other devices work only in native Win32
 mode under Windows NT.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.6. 4.6 Using Macintosh diskettes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 The PC hardware cannot handle 800k Macintosh diskettes.  Therefore, hfsutils
 can only access 1.44M HFS-formatted Macintosh diskettes.  Note that 400k and
 800k Macintosh diskettes usually use an older file system, MFS, which is not
 supported by this software either.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. 5 Credits ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This port was done by Marcus Better <[e-mail]>, and all questions
 and bug reports should be sent to him.

 The original hfsutils for UNIX systems was written by Robert Leslie
 <[e-mail]>.  That program can be found at

          http://www.mars.org/home/rob/proj/hfs/

 This port was developed with OS/2 using GNU C and the emx development system
 by Eberhard Mattes <[e-mail]>.

 hfsutils includes a modified version of the RSX extender by Rainer Schnitker
 <[e-mail]>, who also wrote RSXNT.

 The package also includes the DPMI server CWSDPMI by Charles W Sandmann
 <[e-mail]>.  Source code for CWSDPMI is not included, but can be
 obtained separately.


ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. 6 Contacting the author ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ

 This port was done by Marcus Better <[e-mail]>.  Comments,
 suggestions and bug reports should be sent to him.

 The latest version of this software can be obtained from

          http://www.student.nada.kth.se/~f96-bet/hfsutils/