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- <html><head><title>Lynx Users Guide v2.3-FM</title>
- <!--OWNER_NAME="ACS"-->
- <!--OWNER_INFO="Academic Computing Services, University of Kansas"-->
- <link rev="made" href="mailto:lynx-help@ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu">
- </head><body>
-
- <h1>Lynx Users Guide Version 2.3-FM</h1>
-
- Lynx is a fully-featured World Wide Web (WWW) client for users
- running cursor-addressable, character-cell display devices (e.g.,
- vt100 terminals, vt100 emulators running on PCs or Macs, or any
- other "curses-oriented" display). It will display hypertext
- markup language (HTML) documents containing links to
- files residing on the local system, as well as files residing on
- remote systems running Gopher, HTTP, FTP, WAIS, and NNTP servers.
- Current versions of Lynx run on UNIX and VMS. A Beta version for DOS
- is also available.<p>
- Lynx can be used to access information on the World Wide Web, or
- to build information systems intended primarily for local access.
- For example, Lynx has been used to build several Campus Wide
- Information Systems (CWIS). In addition, Lynx can be used to
- build systems isolated within a single LAN. <P>
-
- <A NAME="TOC"><h2>Select a topic</h2></A>
- <ul>
- <li><A HREF="#1">Viewing local files with Lynx</A>
- <li><A HREF="#2">Lynx online help</A>
- <li><A HREF="#3">Leaving Lynx</A>
- <li><A HREF="#4">Starting Lynx with a Remote File</A>
- <li><A HREF="#5">Starting Lynx with the the WWW_HOME environment variable.</A>
- <li><A HREF="#6">Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx</A>
- <li><A HREF="#7">Printing, Mailing, and Saving files to disk.</A>
- <li><A HREF="#8">Lynx searching commands</A>
- <li><A HREF="#9">Lynx options menu</A>
- <li><A HREF="#10">Comments and mailto: links</A>
- <li><A HREF="#18">USENET News posting</A>
- <li><a href="#19">Lynx and HTML Forms</a>
- <li><A HREF="#11">Viewing the HTML document source and editing documents</A>
- <li><A HREF="#12">Reloading files and refreshing the display</A>
- <li><A HREF="#13">Lynx bookmarks</A>
- <li><A HREF="#13A">Jump command</A>
- <li><A HREF="#13B">Directory Editing</A>
- <li><A HREF="#14">Other useful commands</A>
- <li><A HREF="#15">The Lynx command</A>
- <li><A HREF="#16">Lynx development history</A>
- <li><A HREF="#17">Additional Information</A>
- </ul>
-
- <h2><A NAME="1">Viewing local files with Lynx</A></h2>
- Lynx can be started by entering the Lynx command along with
- the name of a file to display. For example these commands could
- all be used to display an arbitrary ASCII text file.
-
- <dl>
- <dt>UNIX
- <dd><code>lynx myfile</code>
- <dd><code>lynx /home/my-dir/myfile</code>
- <dt>VMS
- <dd><code>lynx dua5:[my-directory]myfile</code>
- </dl>
-
- When executed, Lynx will clear the screen and display as much of
- the specified file as will fit on the screen. Pressing a
- down-arrow will bring up the next screen, and pressing an up-arrow
- will bring up the previous screen. If no file is specified at startup,
- a default file will be displayed. (The default is configured by the
- system administrator when the command is installed.)<p>
-
- Lynx will also display files written in the HyperText
- Markup Language (HTML), if the file's name ends with the
- characters ".html". HTML is a file format that allows users to
- create a file that contains (among other things) hypertext links
- to other files. Several files linked together may be described as
- a <i>hypertext document</i>.<p>
- For example, these commands could be used to display files
- containing HTML hypertext:
-
- <dl>
- <dt>UNIX
- <dd><code>lynx myfile.html</code>
- <dd><code>lynx /home/my-dir/myfile.html</code>
- <dt>VMS
- <dd><code>lynx dua5:[me]myfile.html</code>
- </dl>
-
- When Lynx displays an HTML file, it shows links as "bold face"
- text, except for one link, which is shown as "highlighted" text.
- Whether "boldface" or "highlighted" text shows up as reverse
- video, boldface type, or a color change, etc. depends on the
- display device being used (and the way in which that device has
- been configured). Lynx has no control over the exact presentation
- of links.<p>
- The one link displayed as "highlighted" text is the currently
- "selected" link. Lynx will display the file associated with the
- selected link when a right-arrow or a Return key is pressed. To
- select a particular link, press the up-arrow or down-arrow keys
- until the desired link becomes "highlighted," and then press the
- right-arrow or Return key to view the linked information.
- Information included in the HTML file tells Lynx where to find the
- linked file and what kind of server will provide it (i.e. HTTP,
- Gopher, etc.). <p>
-
- When a binary file is encountered Lynx will ask the user if
- he/she wishes to download the file or cancel. If the user
- selects 'D' for download, Lynx will transfer the file into a
- temporary location and present the user with a list of options. The
- only default option is "save file to disk", which is disabled
- if Lynx is running in anonymous mode. Any number of additional
- download methods may be defined in the lynx.cfg file by the system
- administrator. Programs like kermit, zmodem and FTP are some possible
- options. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="2">Lynx online help</A></h2>
- Online help is available while viewing any document. Press the
- '?' or 'H' key to see a list of help topics. See the section
- titled <A HREF="#6">'Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx'</A> for
- information on navigating through the help files. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="3">Leaving Lynx</A></h2>
- To exit Lynx use the 'q' command. You will be asked whether you
- really want to quit. Answering 'y' will exit and 'n' will return
- you to the current document. Use 'Q' or CTRL-D to quit without verification.
- <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="4">Starting Lynx with a Remote File</A></h2>
- If you wish to view a remote file (that is, a file residing on
- some computer system other than the one upon which you are running
- Lynx) without first viewing a local file, you must identify that
- file by using a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). URL's take the
- general form:
- <br><br>
- <code>PROTOCOL :// HOST / PATH / FILENAME</code>
- <br><br>
-
- where
-
- <dl>
- <dt><code>PROTOCOL</code>
- <dd>identifies the communications
- protocol used by the server that will provide the file. As
- mentioned earlier, Lynx (and any WWW client) can interact with a
- variety of servers, each with its own protocol.
- <dt><code>HOST</code>
- <dd>is the Internet address of the computer
- system on which the server is running, and
- <dt><code>PATH</code> and <code>FILENAME</code>
- <dd>identify the directory path and file of interest.
- </dl>
-
- Here are some sample URL's.
- <dl>
- <dt>HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
- <dd><code>http://www.cc.ukans.edu/lynx_help/lynx_help_main.html</code>
- <dt>Gopher
- <dd><code>gopher://gopher.micro.umn.edu/11/</code>
- <dt>FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- <dd><code>ftp://ftp2.cc.ukans.edu/pub/lynx/README</code>
- <dt>WAIS (Wide Area Information Service protocol)
- <dd><code>wais://cnidr.org/directory-of-servers</code>
- </dl>
-
- A URL may be specified to Lynx on the command line, as in:
- <dl>
- <dd><code>lynx http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/kufacts_start.html</code>
- </dl>
- <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="5">Starting Lynx with the the WWW_HOME environment variable.</A></h2>
- You may also specify a starting file for Lynx using the WWW_HOME
- environment variable,
- <dl>
- <dt>UNIX
- <dl>
- <dt>ksh
- <dd><code>export WWW_HOME=http://info.cern.ch/default.html</code>
- <dt>csh
- <dd><code>setenv WWW_HOME http://info.cern.ch/default.html</code>
- </dl>
- <dt>VMS
- <dd><code>define "WWW_HOME" "http://info.cern.ch/default.html"</code>
- </dl>
-
-
- <h2><A NAME="6">Navigating hypertext documents with Lynx</A></h2>
-
- The process of moving within a hypertext web, selecting and displaying
- links is known as "navigation." With Lynx almost all navigation can be
- accomplished with the arrow keys and the numeric keypad.
- <pre>
- +-------+-------+-------+
- | TOP | /|\ | Page |
- arrow keys | of | | | UP |
- | text 7| | 8| 9|
- +---------+ +-------+-------+-------+
- | SELECT | | | | |
- | prev /|\| | <--- | | ---> |
- | link | | | 4| 5| 6|
- +---------+---------+---------+ +-------+-------+-------+
- | BACK | SELECT | DISPLAY | | END | | | Page |
- |<-- prev | next | | sel. -->| | of | | | DOWN |
- | doc. | link \|/| link | | text 1| \|/ 2| 3|
- +---------+---------+---------+ +-------+-------+-------+
- </pre>
-
- There are also a few other keyboard commands to aid in navigation.
- Some of these commands depend on the fact that Lynx keeps a list of
- each file you visit called the "history list". The "backspace" or
- "delete" key will show you the whole history list. Any of the
- documents shown in the list may be revisited by selecting them from
- the history screen. The 'm' key command will take you back to the
- starting document unless you specified the <code>-homepage=URL</code>
- option at the command line.<p>
-
- The 'i' key presents an index of documents. The default index is usually
- a document pointing to servers around the world, but the index can be
- changed by the system administrator or on the command line using the
- <code>-index</code> switch, and therefore depends on how the Lynx
- program you are using was configured. <p>
-
- If you choose a link to a server with active access
- authorization Lynx will automatically prompt for a
- username and a password. If you give the correct information, you will
- then be served the requested information. Lynx will automatically send
- your username and password to the same server if it is needed
- again. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="7">Printing, Mailing, and Saving files to disk.</A></h2>
- Documents may be printed using the 'p' command. After pressing
- the 'p' key a menu of Print Options will be displayed. The menu
- will vary according to several factors. First, some sites set up
- special accounts to let users run Lynx to access local information
- systems. Typically these accounts require no passwords and do not
- require users to identify themselves. As a result such accounts
- are called "anonymous" accounts, and their users are considered
- "anonymous" users. In most configurations, all Lynx users
- (including anonymous users) are able to mail files to themselves
- and print the entire file to the screen.<p>
- Additional print options are available for users who are using
- Lynx from their own accounts (that is, so-called "non-anonymous
- users"). In particular, the <code>"Save to a local file"</code>
- option allows you to save the document into a file on your disk
- space. Any number of additional print options may also be
- available as configured by your system administrator. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="8">Lynx searching commands</A></h2>
-
- Two commands activate searching in Lynx: "/" and "s". While
- viewing a normal document use the "/" command to find a word or
- phrase within the current document. The search type will depend
- on the search option setting in the options menu (see below). The
- search options are case sensitive and case insensitive. Some
- documents are designated "index documents". These documents can
- be searched to retrieve additional information from an index
- server. The "s" key allows searching of index documents. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="9">Lynx options menu</A></h2>
- The Lynx Options Menu may be accessed by pressing the 'o' key.
- The current Lynx Options Menu contains the following configurable
- options.
-
- <pre>
- Options Menu
-
- E)ditor : emacs
- D)ISPLAY variable : aixtest.cc.ukans.edu:0.0
- B)ookmark file : home_page
- F)TP sort criteria : By Filename
- P)ersonal mail address : montulli@ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu
- S)earching type : CASE INSENSITIVE
- C)haracter set : ISO Latin 1
- V)I keys : OFF
- e(M)acs keys : OFF
- K)eypad as arrows
- or Numbered links : Numbers act as arrows
- l(I)st directory style : Mixed style
- U)ser mode : Advanced
- L)ocal execution links : Always off
- </pre>
-
- An option can be changed by entering the capital letter of the option
- you want to change (i.e. 'E' for Editor). For fields where text must
- be entered, simply enter the text by typing on the keyboard. The
- Backspace and Delete keys can be used to correct mistakes, and CTRL-U
- can be used to erase the whole line.
- When you are done entering a change press the Return key to get
- back to the <code>Command?</code> prompt.<p>
-
- For fields where you must choose from a list of choices, press any key
- to toggle the choices and press the Return key to finish the change.<p>
-
- When you are done changing options use the 'r' command to return
- to Lynx or the '>' command to save the options to a
- <code>.lynxrc</code> file and return to Lynx.<p>
-
- The following table describes the options available on the Options
- Menu:<p>
-
- <dl>
- <dt>Editor
- <dd>The editor to be invoked when editing browsable files, and
- sending mail or comments. The full pathname of the editor command
- should be specified when possible.
-
- <dt>DISPLAY variable
- <dd>This option is only available on UNIX systems and is only relevant
- to X Window users. The DISPLAY variable is picked up automatically
- from the environment if it has been previously set.
-
- <dt>Bookmark file
- <dd>This is the filename and location of your personal bookmark file.
- The bookmark file allows frequently travelled links to be stored in
- a personal easy to access file. Using the 'a' command (see below)
- you may save any link into your bookmark file. If the path specified
- does not begin with a slash then the path will reference your home
- directory.
-
- <dt>FTP sort criteria
- <dd>This option allows you to specify how files will be sorted within
- FTP listings. The current options include
- "<code>By Filename</code>", "<code>By Size</code>",
- "<code>By Type</code>", and "<code>By Date</code>".
-
- <dt>Personal mail address
- <dd>This mail address will be used to help you send files to yourself
- and will be included as the From: address in any mail or comments
- that you send. It will also be sent as the From: field in all
- HTTP get requests.
-
- <dt>Searching type
- <dd>Searching type has two possible values: CASE INSENSITIVE
- (default) and CASE SENSITIVE. The searching type effects
- inter-document searches only, and determines whether searches for
- words within documents will be done in a case-sensitive or
- case-insensitive manner.
-
- <dt>VI keys
- <dd>If set to ON then the lowercase h,j,k, and l
- keys will be mapped to left, down, up, and right arrow, respectively.
-
- <dt>Emacs keys
- <dd>If set to ON then the CTRL-P, CTRL-N, CTRL-F, and CTRL-B
- keys will be mapped to up, down, right, and left arro arrow arroww, respectively.
-
- <dt>Keypad as arrows or numbered links
- <dd>This option gives the choice between navigating with the arrow keys
- or having every link numbered so that the
- links may be selected by numbers as well as using
- the arrow keys.
-
- <dt>List directory style
- <dd>Applies to Directory Editing. Files and directories can be
- presented in the following ways:
- <dl>
- <dt>Mixed style
- <dd>Files and directories are listed together in alphabetical
- order.
- <dt>Directories first
- <dd>Files and directories are separated into two alphabetical
- lists. Directories are listed first.
- <dt>Files first
- <dd>Files and directories are separated into two alphabetical
- lists. Files are listed first.
- </dl>
-
- <dt>User Mode
- <dd>There are three possible choices: Novice, Intermediate, and Advanced.
- <dl>
- <dt>Novice
- <dd>In Novice mode two lines of help are displayed at the
- bottom of the screen.
- <dt>Intermediate
- <dd>Intermediate mode turns off the help lines.
- <dt>Advanced
- <dd>Advanced mode displays the URL of the currently selected
- link at the bottom of the screen.
- </dl>
-
- <dt>Local execution scripts or links
- <dd>Local execution can be activated by the system administrator.
- If it has not been activated you will not see this option
- in the options menu.
- When a local execution script is encountered Lynx
- checks the users options to see whether the script can be
- executed. Users have the following options:
- <dl>
- <dt> Always off
- <dd>Local execution scripts will never be executed
- <dt>For Local files only
- <dd>Local execution scripts will only be executed if the
- script to be executed resides on the local machine, and
- is referenced by a URL that begins with "file://localhost"
- <dt>Always on
- <dd> All local exection scripts will be executed
- </dl>
-
- <dd> If the users options permit the script to be executed Lynx will
- spawn a shell and run the script. If the script cannot be
- executed Lynx will show the script within the Lynx window and
- inform the user that the script is not allowed to be executed
- and will ask the user to check his/her options. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
- </dl>
-
- <h2><A NAME="10">Comments and mailto: links</A></h2>
-
- At any time while viewing documents within Lynx, you may use the 'c'
- command to send a mail message to the owner of the current document if
- the author of the document has specified ownership. If no ownership
- is specified then comments are disabled. Certain links called
- "mailto:" links will also allow you to send mail to other people.
- Using the mail features within Lynx is straightforward. <p>
-
- Once you have decided to send a comment or have selected a
- "mailto:" link a new screen will appear showing you who you are
- sending the message to. Lynx will ask for your name, your e-mail
- address, and the subject of the message. If you have filled in the
- "personal mail address" field in the Options Menu, your e-mail address
- will be filled in automatically. After entering the above information,
- if you have an editor defined in the Options Menu and you are not an
- anonymous user then your specified editor will be spawned for you so
- that you can enter your message. If you do not have an editor
- defined or you are an anonymous user, a simple line mode input
- scheme will allow you to enter your message.<p>
-
- To finish sending the message, exit your spawned editor or, if you are
- using the simple line mode input scheme, type a "." (period) on a line
- by itself. You will be asked a final time whether to send the
- message. If you press 'y' then the message will be sent, if you press
- 'n' the message will be deleted. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="18">USENET News posting</A></h2>
-
- While reading <a href="http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/News
- /Groups/Overview.html">news</a> articles with Lynx you should
- see a link that says "Reply to user@host" and a link that says
- "Reply to newsgroup(s)"
-
- <dl>
- <dt>Reply to user@host
- <dd>user@host will actually appear as the mail address of the
- person who posted the news article. Selecting the link will
- allow you to send a message to the person who wrote the message
- you are currently viewing. You will be given the option of
- including the original message in your reply.
-
- <dt>Reply to newsgroup(s)
- <dd>Selecting this link will allow you to post back to the
- newsgroup that you are currently reading and any newsgroups
- that the message may be cross-posted to. You will be given
- the option of including the original message in your reply.
- Once you have typed in your message the <b>inews</b> program
- will be called to post your message to your news host.
- <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
- </dl>
-
- <h2><a name="19">Lynx and HTML Forms</a></h2>
-
- This section describes the Lynx Forms Interface. HTML gives document
- providers the ability to create on-line forms which may be filled out
- when the document is viewed. When a form is submitted the information
- on the form can be used to search a database or complete a survey.
- <p>
-
- An HTML Form provides for the use of buttons or to perform an action
- (such as <tt>submit</tt>), checkboxes and radio buttons to select
- options from a list, and fields for entering text. <p>
- <dl>
- <dt>Buttons:
-
- <dd>Buttons are displayed in the same way that Lynx displays links in
- a document. To "push" the button press the <b>RIGHT ARROW</B> or
- <b>RETURN</b> key.
- <p>
- <dt>Checkboxes and Radio buttons
-
- <dd>Checkboxes and radio buttons are displayed as parenthesis:
- <tt>()</tt>. When a box is checked or a button selected, an asterisk
- appears within the parenthesis: <tt>(*)</tt>. To check a box or select
- a radio button press the <b>RIGHT ARROW</b> or <b>RETURN</b> key.
- <p>
- <dt>Selection Fields
-
- <dd>Selection fields are displayed as brackets with the default option
- displayed between them: <tt>[default__]</tt>. To select an option press
- the<b>RIGHT ARROW</b> or <b>RETURN</b> key. A box with a border of
- asterisks will appear with the list of possible options listed within
- the box. Use the <b>UP ARROW</b> and <b>DOWN ARROW</b> keys to move
- the cursor between options and the <b>RIGHT ARROW</b> or <b>RETURN</b>
- key to select an option.
- <p>
- <dt> Text Entry Fields
-
- <dd>Text entry fields are displayed as a row of underscores the length
- of the entry field: <tt>_______</tt>. You may enter text directly by
- typing at the keyboard. Use the <b>BACKSPACE</b> key to correct
- errors. If you input more text than the field can hold your input will be
- truncated. If you fill a text field the cursor will not move off
- the field but remain at the last field position.
-
- </dl>
-
- You can move around the form using the standard Lynx navigation keys.
- <b>UP ARROW</b> and <b>DOWN ARROW</b> keys respectively select the
- previous or next field, box, or button. The <b>TAB</b> key selects the
- next field, box, or button.<p>
-
- <b>NOTE:</b>If you have a text input field selected you will not have
- access to any of the Lynx keystroke commands. Select a button or box
- when you want to use Lynx keystrokes.<p>
-
- <h2><A NAME="11">Viewing the HTML document source and editing documents</A></h2>
-
- When viewing HTML documents it is possible to view the unrendered
- (i.e., the original HTML) source of the document by pressing the '\'
- (backslash) key. The document will be reloaded from the server or
- disk and displayed on the screen unrendered. When viewing unrendered
- documents you may print them as any normal document.<p>
-
- Selecting the <b>Print to a local file</b> option from the Print Menu,
- makes it possible to save the source of the document to disk so that
- you may have a local copy of the document.<p>
-
- NOTE: When saving an HTML document it is important to name the
- document with a ".html" extension, if you want to read it with Lynx
- again later.<p>
-
- Lynx can allow users to edit documents that reside on the local
- system. To enable editing, documents must be referenced using a
- "file:" URL or by specifying a plain filename on the command line as
- in the following two examples:
-
- <dl>
- <dd><code>lynx file://localhost/FULL/PATH/FILENAME</code>
- <dd><code>lynx path/filename.html</code>
- </dl>
-
- In addition, the user must also specify an editor in the Options Menu
- so that Lynx knows which editor to use. If the file is specified
- correctly and an editor is defined, then you may edit documents by
- using the 'e' command. When the 'e' command is entered your specified
- editor is spawned to edit the file. After changes are completed, exit
- your editor and you will return to Lynx. Lynx will reload and render
- the file so that changes can be immediately examined. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="12">Reloading files and refreshing the display</A></h2>
-
- The CTRL-R command will reload and rerender the file that you are
- currently viewing. CTRL-L or CTRL-W will refresh or wipe the screen to remove
- or correct any errors that may be caused by operating system or other
- messages. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="13">Lynx bookmarks</A></h2>
- It is often useful to place a bookmark to aid in returning quickly to
- a document. To use the bookmark feature you must first use the Options
- Menu to specify a bookmark filename. <p>
-
- To save a bookmark to the document you wish to place in the
- bookmark file press the 'a' key and you will be asked
- <dl>
- <dd><code>Save D)ocument or L)ink to bookmark
- file or C)ancel? (d,l,c):</code>
- </dl>
-
- Answer 'd' to save a link to the document you are currently
- viewing or 'l' to save the link that is currently selected on the
- page. Selecting 'c' will cancel without saveing anything to your
- bookmark file.<p>
-
- Use the 'v' command to view the list of bookmarks you have saved.
- While viewing the bookmark list you may select a bookmark as you would
- any other link. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><a NAME="13A">Jump Command</a></h2>
- A feature similar to the Lynx bookmarks is the jump command. The jump
- command allows you to enter a shortcut name to access a URL. If the jump
- feature is active, typing 'j' will produce a prompt where you may enter
- the shortcut name. Type '?' at the jump prompt for a list of shortcut
- names available. <p>
- Note to System Administrators: Read the "lynx.cfg" file on how to set up
- the jump command for your system and how to define shortcut names.
- <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><a NAME="13B">Directory Editing</a></h2>
- A new feature in lynx is DIRED support. When a local directory is accessed
- using a URL of the form <code>file://localhost/path/</code>, a new set of
- commands is available. With DIRED support you can create, edit,
- delete, copy, and move files on your local system. The commands
- available in DIRED mode are
- <dl>
- <dt><code>C)reate</code>
- <dd>Type 'c' to create a new file. New file will be empty.
- <dt><code>D)ownload</code>
- <dd>Type 'd' to download selection using one of the options defined
- by your system administrator.
- <dt><code>E)dit</code>
- <dd>Type 'e' to spawn the editor defined in options menu and load selected
- file for editing.
- <dt><code>F)ull Menu</code>
- <dd>Type 'f' to show full menu of options available for selection.
- Menu may vary according to type of file selected and compression
- facilities available.
- <!-- List of full menu options -->
- <dt><code>M)odify</code>
- <dd>Type 'm' to modify the name or location of file. Then type 'n' to rename
- the file or 'l' to move the file to a different location.
- <dt><code>R)emove</code>
- <dd>Type 'r' to remove the selected file or directory.
- <dt><code>T)ag</code>
- <dd>Type 't' to tag highlighted file. Further operations will be performed
- on tagged files instead of highlighted ones.
- <dt><code>U)pload</code>
- <dd>Type 'u' to upload a file to the present directory. Upload methods are
- defined by your system administrator.
- </dl>
-
-
- <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="14">Other useful commands</A></h2>
- <dl>
- <dt><b>!</b>
- <dd>When '!' is pressed your default shell will be
- spawned. When you quit or exit the shell you will return to Lynx.
- (Usually 'exit' under UNIX and 'logout' under VMS) This command is
- usually disabled for anonymous users.
- <dt><b>g</b>
- <dd>The 'g' command allows any URL to be viewed. Pressing
- the 'g' command will bring up a prompt asking for a URL.
- Type in the URL that you wish to view.
- <dt><b>=</b>
- <dd>The '=' command shows information about the current document
- and the currently selected link if there is one. The number of
- lines in the file, URL, title, owner, and type are shown.
- <dt><b>z</b>
- <dd>Lynx supports completely interruptable I/O processes. Press the 'z'
- key at any time during a connect or transfer process and the process
- will be halted. If any data was transferred before the interrupt,
- it will be displayed. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
- </dl>
-
- <h2><A NAME="15">The Lynx command</A></h2>
- The basic syntax of the Lynx command can be represented as one of
- the following:
-
- <dl>
- <dd><code>lynx [options]</code>
- <dd><code>lynx [options] startup_file</code>
- </dl>
-
- where
-
- <dl>
- <dt> <code>startup_file</code>
- <dd>is the file that Lynx will load at start-up.
- <ul>
- <li>If no file is specified, Lynx will use a default
- starting file and base directory determined during installation.
- <li>If a specified file is local (i.e., not a URL) Lynx
- displays that file and uses the directory in which that file
- resides as the base directory.
- <li>If a URL is specified, the file will be retrieved,
- and only the server base directory will be relevant
- to further accesses.
- </ul>
- <dt><code>options</code>
- <dd>can be selected from the following list, where items in all-caps
- indicate that a substitution must be made.
- <dl>
- <dt><code>-anonymous</code>
- <dd>used to specify the anonymous account.
- <dt><code>-case</code>
- <dd>enable case-sensitive string searching.
- <dt><code>-cache=NUMBER</code>
- <dd>set the <code>NUMBER</code> of documents cached in memory.
- The default is 10.
- <dt><code>-cfg=FILENAME</code>
- <dd>specifies a Lynx configuration file other than the default
- lynx.cfg.
- <dt><code>-display=DISPLAY</code>
- <dd>set the display variable for X rexeced programs.
- <dt><code>-dump</code>
- <dd>dumps the formatted output of the default document or one
- specified on the command line to standard out.
- Under UNIX this can be used in the following way:
- lynx -dump http://info.cern.ch/default.html.
- <dt><code>-editor=EDITOR</code>
- <dd>enable edit mode using the specified
- <code>EDITOR</code>. (vi, ed, emacs, etc.)
- <dt><code>-emacskeys</code>
- <dd>enable emacs-like key movement.
- <dt><CODE>-force_html</CODE>
- <dd>forces the first document to be interpreted as HTML.
- <dt><CODE>-ftp</CODE>
- <dd>disable ftp access.
- <dt><code>-help</code>
- <dd>print this Lynx command syntax usage message.
- <dt><code>-index=URL</code>
- <dd>set the default index file to the specified <code>URL</code>
- <dt><code>-noprint</code>
- <dd>disable print functions.
- <dt><code>-nostatus</code>
- <dd>disable the retrieval status messages.
- <dt><code>-print</code>
- <dd>enable print functions. (default)
- <dt><code>-restrictions</code>
- <dd>allows a list of services to be disabled
- selectively and takes the following form:
- "lynx -restrictions=[option][,option][,option]..."
- This list is printed if no options are specified.
- <dl>
- <dt>all
- <dd>restricts all options.
- <dt>bookmark
- <dd>disallow changing the location of the bookmark
- file.
- <dt>default
- <dd>same as command line option -anonymous.
- Disables default services for anonymous users.
- Currently set to all restricted except for:
- inside_telnet, outside_telnet, inside_news,
- inside_ftp, outside_ftp, inside_rlogin,
- outside_rlogin, jump, mail and goto. Defaults
- are setable within userdefs.h.
- <dt>disk_save
- <dd>disallow saving binary files to disk in the
- download menu.
- <dt>download
- <dd>disallow downloaders in the download menu.
- <dt>editor
- <dd>disallow editing.
- <dt>exec
- <dd>disable execution scripts.
- <dt>exec_frozen
- <dd>disallow the user from changing the local
- execution option.
- <dt>file_url
- <dd>disallow using G)oto to go to file: URL's.
- <dt>goto
- <dd>disable the 'g' (goto) command.
- <dt>inside_ftp
- <dd>disallow ftps for people coming from inside your
- domain.
- <dt>inside_news
- <dd>disallow USENET news posting for people coming
- from inside you domain.
- <dt>inside_rlogin
- <dd>disallow rlogins for people coming from inside
- your domain.
- <dt>inside_telnet
- <dd>disallow telnets for people coming from inside
- your domain.
- <dt>jump
- <dd>disable the 'j' (jump) command.
- <dt>mail
- <dd>disable mailing feature.
- <dt>news_post
- <dd>disable USENET News posting.
- <dt>options_save
- <dd>disallow saving options in .lynxrc.
- <dt>outside_ftp
- <dd>disallow ftps for people coming from outside your
- domain.
- <dt>outside_news
- <dd>disallow USENET news posting for people coming
- from outside you domain.
- <dt>outside_rlogin
- <dd>disallow rlogins for people coming from outside
- your domain.
- <dt>outside_telnet
- <dd>disallow telnets for people coming from
- outside your domain.
- <dt>print
- <dd>disallow most print options.
- <dt>shell
- <dd>disallow shell escapes.
- </dl>
-
- <dt><code>-rlogin</code>
- <dd>disable recognition of rlogin commands.
- <dt><code>-show cursor </code>
- <dd>If enabled the cursor will not be hidden in the right hand
- corner but will instead be positioned at the start of the
- currently selected link. show cursor is the default for systems
- without FANCY_CURSES capabilities, and the default
- configuration can be changed in userdefs.h.
- <dt><code>-source</code>
- <dd>works the same as dump but outputs HTML source instead of
- formatted text.
- <dt><code>-telnet</code>
- <dd>disable recognition of telnet commands.
- <dt><code>-term=TERM</code>
- <dd>tell Lynx what terminal type to assume its talking to.
- (This may be useful for remote execution, when, for example,
- Lynx connects to a remote TCP/IP port that starts a script that,
- in turn, starts another Lynx process.)
- <dt><code>-trace</code>
- <dd>turns on WWW trace mode.
- <dt><code>-vikeys</code>
- <dd>enable vi-like key movement.
- <dt><code>-version</code>
- <dd>print version information
- </dl>
- </dl>
- </dl>
- No options are required, nor is a starting file required.
- White space may be substituted for any equal sign (=) appearing
- in the option list above. <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="16">Lynx development history</A></h2>
- Lynx grew out of efforts to build a campus-wide information system
- at The University of Kansas. The earliest versions of Lynx
- provided a user-friendly, distributed hypertext interface for
- users connected to multiuser (UN*X and VMS) systems via
- curses-oriented display devices. A custom hypertext format was
- developed to support hypertext links to local files and files on
- remote Gopher servers. Using Gopher servers for distributed file
- service allowed information providers to publish information from
- a wide variety of platforms (including UN*X, VMS, VM/CMS and
- Macintosh). In addition, Lynx became the most user-friendly
- Gopher client, although that was only an ancillary capability.<p>
- This distributed approach let providers retain complete control
- over their information, but it made communication between users
- and providers somewhat more difficult. Following the lead of Neal
- Erdwien, of Kansas State University, the Lynx hypertext format was
- extended to include links for including ownership information with
- each file. This information made it possible for users running
- Lynx clients to send comments and suggestions via e-mail to the
- providers.<p>
-
- This early version of Lynx was also augmented to support hypertext
- links to programs running on remote systems. It included the
- ability to open a Telnet connection, as well as the ability to
- start programs via rexec, inetd, or by direct socket connects.
- These capabilities were included to allow users to access
- databases or custom program interfaces.<p>
-
- A subsequent version of Lynx incorporated the World Wide Web
- libraries to allow access to the full list of WWW servers, along
- with the option to build hypertext documents in HTML, rather than
- the native Lynx format. HTML has become far more widely used, and
- the native format has been phased out. With the addition of the
- WWW libraries, Lynx became a fully-featured WWW client, limited
- only by the display capabilites offered in the curses
- environment.<p>
-
- At The University of Kansas, Lynx is used in several different
- ways to give users access to the campus wide information system.
- First, it is run on several local clients from a script named
- "kufacts" that points to the starting file located on a local
- server. Second, it runs whenever a user logs into an account
- called "kufacts" on a system named kufacts.cc.ukans.edu. Users
- without a local account may use this system to explore the KU CWIS
- and experiment with Lynx.<p>
-
- Lynx was designed by Lou Montulli, Charles Rezac and Michael Grobe
- of Academic Computing Services at The University of Kansas. Lynx
- was implemented by Lou Montulli and maintained by Garrett Arch
- Blythe. Now Jeff Porter, Craig Lavender and Ravikumar Kolli
- maintain Lynx. Special thanks goes to Foteos Macrides for his
- enthusiasm that has kept Lynx development going during the disruptive
- staff changes at the University of Kansas.<p>
-
- Lynx has incorporated code from a variety of sources along the
- way. The earliest versions of Lynx included code from Earl Fogel
- of Computing Services at the University of Saskatchewan, who
- implemented HYPERREZ in the UN*X environment. Those versions also
- incorporated libraries from the UN*X Gopher clients developed at
- the University of Minnesota, and the later versions of Lynx rely
- on the WWW client library code developed by Tim Berners-Lee (and
- others) and the WWW community.<p>
-
- Lynx is presently available via anonymous FTP from
- <a href="ftp://ftp2.cc.ukans.edu/pub/lynx">ftp2.cc.ukans.edu</a>.
- Doslynx is also available from <A HREF="ftp://ftp2.cc.ukans.edu/pub/Doslynx">
- ftp2.cc.ukans.edu</A> <P>
- <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A>
-
- <h2><A NAME="17">Additional Information</A></h2>
- For a tutorial introduction to HTML see:
- <a href="http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/demoweb/html-primer.html">
- http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/demoweb/html-primer.html.</a><br>
- For a quick reference guide to HTML see:
- <a href="http://kuhttp.cc.ukans.edu/lynx_help/HTML_quick.html">http://kuhttp.cc.ukans.edu/lynx_help/HTML_quick.html</a><p>
- For reference information on HTML see:
- <a href="http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html">
- http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html </a>
- </dl>
- <br><br>
-
- <address>
- Craig Lavender<br>
- Garrett Blythe<br>
- Lou Montulli<br>
- Michael Grobe<br>
- Stephen Ware<br>
- Academic Computing Services<br>
- The University of Kansas<br>
- Lawrence, Kansas 66045<p>
- </address>
-
- <A HREF="#TOC">ToC</A><P>
- </BODY>
- <!-- enhanced by Ian Feldman <ianf@random.se> 931225 -->
-
-
-
-