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-
- The Linux Graphics Mini-HowTo
-
- Version 1.3
-
- This document is maintained by Michael J. Hammel
- The master page for this document is
- http://www.csn.net/~mjhammel/linux-graphics-howto.html.
- Last updated: May 15th, 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Table Of Contents
- * Whats New
- o General
- o The Internet Ray Tracing Competition
- * Introduction
- o Purpose
- o Where to get this software
- o Updates and Errata
- o The Four Basic Types of Graphics Tools
- * [Updated!] Graphics Basics
- o File Formats
- o Pixels vs. Primitives and Rendering vs. Drawing
- o [Updated!] Static vs. Animated Images
- o Live Video
- o System Requirements
- o Texts on Computer Graphics
- * Image Viewing Tools
- * Image Creation Tools
- o Drawing and Paint Programs
- o [Updated!] Raytracers and other 3D tools
- o Fractal-based tools (heightfields, etc.)
- o [Updated!] Modelers
- o [Updated!] Programming Interfaces (APIs)
- o Image Libraries
- o Other Image Creation Tools
- * Image Manipulation Tools
- o [Updated!] Static Image Manipulators
- o Animated Image Manipulators
- * Image Conversion Tools
- * Tools yet to be evaluated
- * Other Topics
- o Creating Web page graphics
- o Fonts on Linux
- o A word about the X11 directories
- o Distributed Rendering
- o Newsgroups
- o References
- * Acknowledgments
- * Register for updates
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Whats New
-
- General
-
- Current Version Number: 1.2
-
- I added markers to the Linux Graphics mini-Howto so readers could quickly
- find changes from previous versions. Anything marked with the New graphic,
- [New!], is new. That should make it easy to find. There is also an Updated
- graphic, [Updated!], for things which existed in previous releases but were
- incomplete, wrong or otherwise needed to be changed.
-
- Readers can register to be notified when this document is updated.
-
- The Internet Ray Tracing Competition
-
- The Internet Ray Tracing Competition is back online. This contest was
- originally started by Matt Kruse and generally ran in the comp.graphics.*
- hierarchy. Matt was a bit overwhelmed by the work and had to stop the
- competition back in November or December. A new group of individuals has
- picked it up (I'm on the backup Admin team, and Matt is helping coordinate
- things) and the first contest has started. Although open to renderers that
- run on any OS, many of the competitors and readers of
- comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing (where Matt started the original
- competition) are Linux users of POVRay.
-
- Check the IRTC Home Page for more details. For those with ftp only links,
- try ftp://ftp.povray.org:/pub/irtc.
- [ArroContents
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Introduction
-
- Purpose
-
- The Linux Operating System has gone from a hackers paradise to a system used
- for everything from ISP Internet Servers to a document publishing platform.
- One area which has not gotten much exposure is the use of Linux in dealing
- with graphical images. This document will attempt to cover the tools
- available for viewing, creating, manipulating, and converting graphics
- images on Linux systems.
-
- Although many of the tools that will be explored here are X windows based,
- this document will not cover the configuration issues associated with
- running X Windows. Where necessary, information regarding system
- requirements, such as X server extensions, will be provided. Also, the tools
- discussed here relate to graphics "images", that is, pictures. This document
- does not cover graphical "interfaces", that is, windowing systems features.
-
- This document also does not cover tools that are designed for display using
- non-X-based interfaces, such as VGA/SuperVGA tools. I don't have much
- interest in those environments. Perhaps someone else will start a mini-Howto
- for those tools.
-
- Most of the information here is based on information I've gathered on my own
- over the Net. Terminology is taken, when needed, from Computer Graphics:
- Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition by Foley, Van Dam, et al. I will not
- attempt to make this an introduction to computer graphics, however. There
- are references included in the subsection titled Texts on Computer Graphics
- and at the end of this document in the subsection titled References for
- serious minded graphics programmers.
-
- Where to get this software
-
- Most of the software listed in this document is available either in the
- various Linux distributions in the X11 trees or from the sunsite archives
- and its mirrors. A few items are available only via a commercial vendor.
- Most of these require upgrades to the X server to work, and only the
- commercial vendors servers have most of those extensions. Where a commercial
- vendor of a particular product is known I have given the name of the vendor.
- However, I don't have contact information for these. You'll have to search
- around for those (try the Linux Journal, which I know they advertise in).
-
- Updates and Errata
-
- If any readers find mistakes or omissions that I should know about I
- encourage you to contact me at mjhammel@csn.net. I know alot of the tools
- listed do not have up-to-date version information, so if you have
- information on these please send it to me. Please include why your
- information should be considered authoritative (ie where did you get it
- from). I also know that there are many tools available on the sunsite
- archives that I have not covered here. I simply haven't gotten to them all
- (I don't even have disk space for them all). If you have information on
- these, especially if you're the author of those tools, please send me email
- explaining the tools name, purpose, and where it fits into this document.
- The more specific you are in your information the better.
-
- Note: due to the outrageous fees imposed by my ISP I haven't been able to do
- alot of perusing the net lately. I'm going to switch ISP's, but I have to
- find a job first. When I do both, I'll move my web pages (including this
- document) to its new home and leave notices on my old site as to where the
- new site is. What this means is I won't be updating this document much in
- the next few weeks unless I get alot of feedback from the Linux community
- (via email). So please: feel free to speak up!
-
- The Four Basic Types of Graphics Tools
-
- When you get right down to it, there are basically four (4) different kinds
- of tools that deal with graphical images:
-
- * Image Viewing Tools
-
- These are tools which read in image files of various formats and
- display them visually. Some tools do nothing more than display the
- images. Many display them and allow you to manipulate them or convert
- them to other formats.
-
- * Image Creation Tools
-
- These are tools which allow the user to draw, paint, or render images.
- Drawing and painting tools are rather common on computer systems these
- days. Generally available rendering software, software which creates
- images from models, is relatively new, especially to Linux.
-
- * Image Manipulation Tools
-
- Manipulation tools allow a user to take an existing image and change it
- in some way, usually on a pixel by pixel basis. The manipulation will
- change colors, hues, color-depths, and a variety of other things.
-
- * Image Conversion Tools
-
- Image files come in many formats. Although there are a number of
- formats that are quite popular, none is the defacto-standard. Viewing,
- creation, and manipulation tools generally support a variety of
- formats. However, its possible that you'll come across a format that a
- particular tool does not support. In this case you'll need to conver
- the image from the first format into one your other tool supports. This
- is where the conversion tools come into play.
-
- Each of these will be covered in length in this document. It is interesting
- to note that many of the tools discuss