home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- THE 3 BUTTON SERIAL MOUSE MINI-HOWTO
-
- Geoff Short grs100@york.ac.uk
-
- v1.02 9th May 1996
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- 0. Disclaimer
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Serial ports
- 3. Switched Mice
- 4. Normal Mice
- 5. Switching a Mouse to 3-Button Mode
- 6. XF86Config and Xconfig file examples
- 7. Miscellaneous Problems and Setup
- 8. Models tested
- 9. Mouse Tail
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- 0. Disclaimer
-
- The following document is offered in good faith as comprising only
- safe programming and procedures. No responsibility is accepted by the
- author for any loss or damage caused in any way to any person or
- equipment, as a direct or indirect consequence of following these
- instructions.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Most X applications are written with the assumption that the user will
- be working with a 3 button mouse. Serial mice are commonly used on
- computers and are cheap to buy. Many of these mice have 3 buttons and
- claim to use the Microsoft protocol, which in theory means they are
- ideal for the X windows setup.
-
- Most dual-protocol mice will work in two modes:
- * 2-button Microsoft mode.
- * 3-button MouseSystems mode.
-
- This document leads you through the different steps needed to
- configure your mouse in these two different modes, especially the
- steps needed to use the more useful 3-button mode.
-
- 2. Serial ports
-
- The first thing to do is to make sure the software can find the mouse.
- Work out which serial port your mouse is connected to - usually this
- will be /dev/ttyS0 (COM1) or /dev/ttyS1 (COM2). (ttyS0 is usually the
- 9 pin socket, ttyS1 the 25 pin socket, but of course there is no hard
- and fast rule about these things.) For convience make a new link
- /dev/mouse pointing at this port. For instance, for COM1:
- * ln -s /dev/ttyS0 /dev/mouse
-
- 3. Switched Mice
-
- Some mice, not usually the cheapest ones, have a switch on the bottom
- marked `2/3'. Sometimes this may be `PC/MS'. In this case the `2' or
- `PC' setting is usually for 2 button Microsoft mode, and the `3' or
- `MS' for 3 button MouseSystems mode. If you have such a mouse, you can
- switch the switch to `3' or `MS', put the MouseSystems settings in
- your XConfigs (see below) and the mouse should work perfectly in
- 3-button mode.
-
- 4. Normal Mice
-
- If you don't have any switches, and no instructions, then a little bit
- of experimentation is needed. The first thing to try is to assume the
- mouse maker is telling the truth, and the mouse is full Microsoft. Set
- up your Xconfigs to expect a microsoft mouse (see below) and give it
- try.
-
- If the mouse didn't work at all, then you don't have a Microsoft
- mouse, or there is some other problem. Try the other protocols in the
- configs, the man page for the config file is the best place to start
- looking. Also look in the Miscellaneous Problems section below.
-
- What you will probably find is that when you run X, the mouse works
- fine but only the outer two buttons do anything. You can of course
- accept this, and emulate the third button (press both buttons at once
- to click the middle one) like you do with a two button mouse. To do
- this, change your Xconfig file as shown in the relevent section below.
- This may mean you have bought a 3 button mouse for no good reason, and
- you are certainly no further forward. So, now you need to look at your
- hardware.
-
- 5. Switching a Mouse to 3-Button Mode
-
- Even cheap mice can also work under the Mouse Systems protocol, with
- all three buttons working. The trick is to get the mouse to think it's
- a Mouse Systems one, something you rarely see in your instructions.
- * Before you power up your computer, hold down the left mouse button
- (and keep it held down until it has booted to be on the safe
- side.)
-
- When the mouse first gets power, if the left button is held down it
- switches into Mouse Systems mode. A simple fact, but not always
- publicised. Note that a soft reboot of your computer may not cut the
- mouse power and therefore may not work. There are a number of other
- ways of switching the mode, which may or may not work with your
- particular mouse. Some of these are less drastic than rebooting your
- computer, one is more so!
- * If your computer is get-at-able you can unplug the mouse and plug
- it back in with the button held down, although I of course cannot
- recommend this as you are not supposed to plug things in when the
- power is on.
- * You may be able to reset the mouse by typing echo "*n" >
- /dev/mouse, which should have the same effect as unplugging it.
- Hold the left button down for Mouse Systems mode, not for
- Microsoft. You could put this in whatever script you use to start
- X up.
- * Someone has reported that the 'ClearDTR' line in the Xconfig is
- enough to switch their mouse into Mouse Systems mode.
- * If you know your way around a soldering iron, you might want to
- look at the circuit board inside the mouse. You may find that the
- board is designed for a switch between 2 &3 buttons, but it hasn't
- been fitted. It will look something like:
-
-
- -----------
- | o | o | o | SW1
- -----------
- 1 2 3
- Try linking pins 1-2 or 2-3, and see if it changes the behaviour of
- the mouse. If it does, you can either fit a small switch, or
- solder across the contacts for a quick &permenant solution. It has
- been reported that some mice have a switch inside already, for
- some strange reason known only to the manufacturer.
-
- It is also possible that you need to hold down the left button when
- booting X windows. Some systems may send some sort of signal or spike
- to the mouse when X starts, so bear this in mind as well.
-
- So now it's decision time - if you don't want the hassle of switching
- your mouse's mode, you are stuck with two buttons. More likely, you'll
- want to change your X configs to use the three button mode, which are
- described in the section below.
-
- 6. XF86Config and Xconfig file examples
-
- The location of your configuration file for X depends on the
- particular release and distribution you have. It will probably be
- either /etc/Xconfig /etc/XF86Config or /usr/X11/lib/X11/XF86Config.
- You should see which one it is when you start X - it should be echoed
- to the screen before all the options are displayed.
-
- Microsoft Serial Mouse
- * XF86config:
-
- Section "Pointer"
- Protocol "microsoft"
- Device "/dev/mouse"
- EndSection
- * Xconfig:
-
- #
- # Mouse definition and related parameters
- #
- Microsoft "/dev/mouse"
-
- Microsoft Serial Mouse with Three Button Emulation
- * XF86config:
-
- Section "Pointer"
- Protocol "microsoft"
- Device "/dev/mouse"
- Emulate3Buttons
- EndSection
- * Xconfig:
-
- #
- # Mouse definition and related parameters
- #
- Microsoft "/dev/mouse"
- Emulate3Buttons
-
- MouseSystems Three Button Serial Mouse
- * XF86config:
-
- Section "Pointer"
-
- Protocol "mousesystems"
- Device "/dev/mouse"
-
- # ClearDTR # These two lines probably won't be needed,
- # ClearRTS # try without first and then just the DTR
-
- EndSection
- * Xconfig:
-
- #
- # Mouse definition and related parameters
- #
-
- MouseSystems "/dev/mouse"
-
- #ClearDTR # These two lines probably won't be needed,
- #ClearRTS # try without first and then just the DTR
-
- 7. Miscellaneous Problems and Setups
- * If you have trouble with your mouse in X or console mode, check
- you are not running a getty on the serial line, or anything else
- such as a modem for that matter.
- * If you have trouble with your mouse in X, don't run the
- text-screen mouse driver (gpm) at the same time as X - the two
- often do not work together.
- * If you do want to run gpm in MouseSystems mode, the command is gpm
- -t msc &/tt>. gpm is also handy for probing your mouse settings -
- type gpm -t help to print out your mouse type.
- To try to get gpm and X to coexist, try running gpm with the -R option
- so that it pipes the mouse data to /dev/gpmdata in MouseSystem
- format. Then all you have to do is configure X to use /dev/gpmdata
- as the device. (Thanks to mikedlt@u.washington.edu for this one.)
- Logitech mice may require the line ChordMiddle to enable the middle of
- the three buttons to work. This line replaces Emulate3Buttons or
- goes after the /dev/mouse line in the config file.
- Swapping buttons: use the xmodmap command to change which physical
- button registers as each mouse click. eg:
- xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"
- will turn round the buttons for use in the left hand. If you only have
- a two-button mouse then it's just numbers 1 &2.
- Acceleration: use the xset m command to change the mouse settings. eg
- xset m 2 will set the acceleration to 2. Look at the manpage for
- full details.
-
- 8. Models tested
-
- There are a lot of different mice out there, and I cannot honestly say
- that you should go out and buy one rather than the other. What I can
- do is give a list of what I think these mice do, based on experience
- and heresay. Even with this information you should be a little
- cautious - we have two identical mice in our office on two computers,
- some things work on one and not t'other! Any additions to this list
- would be welcome.
-
- WiN mouse, as sold by Office World for eight quid.
- Standard dual-mode Microsoft/MouseSystems.
- Agiler,
- Standard dual-mode Microsoft/MouseSystems. Not solderable.
- Sicos,
- Works ok, needs ClearDTR &Clear RTS in config.
- Index sell a mouse for 10 quid,
- Doesn't work in 3 button mode, but does have nice
- instructions :-)
- Artec,
- Usual dual-protocol mouse, needs 'ClearDTR' set in config,
- NOT 'ClearRTS'
- DynaPoint 3 button serial mouse.
- Usual dual-protocol mouse, needs 'ClearDTR' AND 'ClearRTS'
- in Xconfig.
- Genius 3 button mouse
- Steven Aizic is working on this one for me.
-
- 9. Mouse Tail
-
- Fuller details of the Xconfig &XF86Config files are found on the
- relevant man pages, and in the documentation about installing X
- windows such as the Xfree86 HOWTO. Much of the information for this
- document has been trawled from the various linux newsgroups. I am
- sorry I did not keep a record of everyone who has indirectly
- contributed by this route, thank you all very much.
-
- So, to sum up:
- * Even cheap 3 button Microsoft mice can be made to work.
- * Configure your copy of X to expect a Mouse Systems mouse.
- * Hold down the left button at power-on to switch the mouse to
- MouseSystems mode.
- * You might need to hold the left button down when starting X.
- * Mice are more intelligent than you think.
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
- Page written by Geoff Short, started March 1996
-
- Go to homepage, send us mail or leave a comment
-