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- USING VFAT
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- To use the vfat filesystem, use the filesystem type 'vfat'. i.e.
- mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt
-
- No special partition formatter is required. mkdosfs will work fine
- if you want to format from within Linux.
-
- VFAT MOUNT OPTIONS
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- uni_xlate -- Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special
- escaped sequences. This would let you backup and
- restore filenames that are created with any Unicode
- characters. Until Linux supports Unicode for real,
- this gives you an alternative. Without this option,
- a '?' is used when no translation is possible. The
- escape character is ':' because it is otherwise
- illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence
- that gets used, where u is the unicode character, is:
- ':', (u & 0x3f), ((u>>6) & 0x3f), (u>>12),
- posix -- Allow names of same letters, different case such as
- 'LongFileName' and 'longfilename' to coexist. This has some
- problems currently because 8.3 conflicts are not handled
- correctly for Posix filesystem compliance.
- nonumtail -- When creating 8.3 aliases, normally the alias will
- end in '~1' or tilde followed by some number. If this
- option is set, then if the filename is
- "longfilename.txt" and "longfile.txt" does not
- currently exist in the directory, 'longfile.txt' will
- be the short alias instead of 'longfi~1.txt'.
-
- quiet -- Stops printing certain warning messages.
-
-
- TODO
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Need to get rid of the raw scanning stuff. Instead, always use
- a get next directory entry approach. The only thing left that uses
- raw scanning is the directory renaming code.
-
- * Need to add dcache_lookup code msdos filesystem. This means the
- directories need to be versioned like the vfat filesystem.
-
- * Add support for different codepages. Right now, we only support
- the a single English codepage.
-
- * Fix the Posix filesystem support to work in 8.3 space. This involves
- renaming aliases if a conflict occurs between a new filename and
- an old alias. This is quite a mess.
-
-
- POSSIBLE PROBLEMS
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- * vfat_valid_longname does not properly checked reserved names.
- * When a volume name is the same as a directory name in the root
- directory of the filesystem, the directory name sometimes shows
- up empty an empty file.
-
- BUG REPORTS
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- If you have trouble with the VFAT filesystem, mail bug reports to
- chaffee@bugs-bunny.cs.berkeley.edu. Please specify the filename
- and the operation that gave you trouble.
-
- TEST SUITE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- If you plan to make any modifications to the vfat filesystem, please
- get the test suite that comes with the vfat distribution at
-
- http://www-plateau.cs.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/vfat.html
-
- This tests quite a few parts of the vfat filesystem and additional
- tests for new features or untested features would be appreciated.
-
- NOTES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE VFAT FILESYSTEM
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- (This documentation was provided by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cs.rochester.edu>
- and lightly annotated by Gordon Chaffee).
-
- This document presents a very rough, technical overview of my
- knowledge of the extended FAT file system used in Windows NT 3.5 and
- Windows 95. I don't guarantee that any of the following is correct,
- but it appears to be so.
-
- The extended FAT file system is almost identical to the FAT
- file system used in DOS versions up to and including 6.223410239847
- :-). The significant change has been the addition of long file names.
- Theses names support up to 255 characters including spaces and lower
- case characters as opposed to the traditional 8.3 short names.
-
- Here is the description of the traditional FAT entry in the current
- Windows 95 filesystem:
-
- struct directory { // Short 8.3 names
- unsigned char name[8]; // file name
- unsigned char ext[3]; // file extension
- unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
- unsigned char lcase; // Case for base and extension
- unsigned char ctime_ms; // Creation time, milliseconds
- unsigned char ctime[2]; // Creation time
- unsigned char cdate[2]; // Creation date
- unsigned char adate[2]; // Last access date
- unsigned char reserved[2]; // reserved values (ignored)
- unsigned char time[2]; // time stamp
- unsigned char date[2]; // date stamp
- unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
- unsigned char size[4]; // size of the file
- };
-
- The lcase field specifies if the base and/or the extension of an 8.3
- name should be capitalized. This field does not seem to be used by
- Windows 95 but it is used by Windows NT. The case of filenames is not
- completely compatible from Windows NT to Windows 95. It is not completely
- compatible in the reverse direction, however. Filenames that fit in
- the 8.3 namespace and are written on Windows NT to be lowercase will
- show up as uppercase on Windows 95.
-
- Note that the "start" and "size" values are actually little
- endian integer values. The descriptions of the fields in this
- structure are public knowledge and can be found elsewhere.
-
- With the extended FAT system, Microsoft has inserted extra
- directory entries for any files with extended names. (Any name which
- legally fits within the old 8.3 encoding scheme does not have extra
- entries.) I call these extra entries slots. Basically, a slot is a
- specially formatted directory entry which holds up to 13 characters of
- a files extended name. Think of slots as additional labeling for the
- directory entry of the file to which they correspond. Microsoft
- prefers to refer to the 8.3 entry for a file as its alias and the
- extended slot directory entries as the file name.
-
- The C structure for a slot directory entry follows:
-
- struct slot { // Up to 13 characters of a long name
- unsigned char id; // sequence number for slot
- unsigned char name0_4[10]; // first 5 characters in name
- unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
- unsigned char reserved; // always 0
- unsigned char alias_checksum; // checksum for 8.3 alias
- unsigned char name5_10[12]; // 6 more characters in name
- unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
- unsigned char name11_12[4]; // last 2 characters in name
- };
-
- If the layout of the slots looks a little odd, it's only
- because of Microsoft's efforts to maintain compatibility with old
- software. The slots must be disguised to prevent old software from
- panicing. To this end, a number of measures are taken:
-
- 1) The attribute byte for a slot directory entry is always set
- to 0x0f. This corresponds to an old directory entry with
- attributes of "hidden", "system", "read-only", and "volume
- label". Most old software will ignore any directory
- entries with the "volume label" bit set. Real volume label
- entries don't have the other three bits set.
-
- 2) The starting cluster is always set to 0, an impossible
- value for a DOS file.
-
- Because the extended FAT system is backward compatible, it is
- possible for old software to modify directory entries. Measures must
- be taken to insure the validity of slots. An extended FAT system can
- verify that a slot does in fact belong to an 8.3 directory entry by
- the following:
-
- 1) Positioning. Slots for a file always immediately proceed
- their corresponding 8.3 directory entry. In addition, each
- slot has an id which marks its order in the extended file
- name. Here is a very abbreviated view of an 8.3 directory
- entry and its corresponding long name slots for the file
- "My Big File.Extension which is long":
-
- <proceeding files...>
- <slot #3, id = 0x43, characters = "h is long">
- <slot #2, id = 0x02, characters = "xtension whic">
- <slot #1, id = 0x01, characters = "My Big File.E">
- <directory entry, name = "MYBIGFIL.EXT">
-
- Note that the slots are stored from last to first. Slots
- are numbered from 1 to N. The Nth slot is or'ed with 0x40
- to mark it as the last one.
-
- 2) Checksum. Each slot has an "alias_checksum" value. The
- checksum is calculated from the 8.3 name using the
- following algorithm:
-
- for (sum = i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
- sum = (((sum&1)<<7)|((sum&0xfe)>>1)) + name[i]
- }
-
- 3) If there is in the final slot, a Unicode NULL (0x0000) is stored
- after the final character. After that, all unused characters in
- the final slot are set to Unicode 0xFFFF.
-
- Finally, note that the extended name is stored in Unicode. Each Unicode
- character takes two bytes.
-
-
- NOTES ON UNICODE TRANSLATION IN VFAT FILESYSTEM
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- (Information provided by Steve Searle <steve@mgu.bath.ac.uk>)
-
- Char used as Char(s) used Char(s) used in Entries which have
- filename in shortname longname slot been corrected
- 0x80 (128) 0x80 0xC7
- 0x81 (129) 0x9A 0xFC
- 0x82 (130) 0x90 0xE9 E
- 0x83 (131) 0xB6 0xE2 E
- 0x84 (132) 0x8E 0xE4 E
- 0x85 (133) 0xB7 0xE0 E
- 0x86 (134) 0x8F 0xE5 E
- 0x87 (135) 0x80 0xE7 E
- 0x88 (136) 0xD2 0xEA E
- 0x89 (137) 0xD3 0xEB E
- 0x8A (138) 0xD4 0xE8 E
- 0x8B (139) 0xD8 0xEF E
- 0x8C (140) 0xD7 0xEE E
- 0x8D (141) 0xDE 0xEC E
- 0x8E (142) 0x8E 0xC4 E
- 0x8F (143) 0x8F 0xC5 E
- 0x90 (144) 0x90 0xC9 E
- 0x91 (145) 0x92 0xE6 E
- 0x92 (146) 0x92 0xC6 E
- 0x93 (147) 0xE2 0xF4 E
- 0x94 (148) 0x99 0xF6
- 0x95 (149) 0xE3 0xF2
- 0x96 (150) 0xEA 0xFB
- 0x97 (151) 0xEB 0xF9
- 0x98 (152) "_~1" 0xFF
- 0x99 (153) 0x99 0xD6
- 0x9A (154) 0x9A 0xDC
- 0x9B (155) 0x9D 0xF8
- 0x9C (156) 0x9C 0xA3
- 0x9D (157) 0x9D 0xD8
- 0x9E (158) 0x9E 0xD7
- 0x9F (159) 0x9F 0x92
- 0xA0 (160) 0xB5 0xE1
- 0xA1 (161) 0xD6 0xE0
- 0xA2 (162) 0xE0 0xF3
- 0xA3 (163) 0xE9 0xFA
- 0xA4 (164) 0xA5 0xF1
- 0xA5 (165) 0xA5 0xD1
- 0xA6 (166) 0xA6 0xAA
- 0xA7 (167) 0xA7 0xBA
- 0xA8 (168) 0xA8 0xBF
- 0xA9 (169) 0xA9 0xAE
- 0xAA (170) 0xAA 0xAC
- 0xAB (171) 0xAB 0xBD
- 0xAC (172) 0xAC 0xBC
- 0xAD (173) 0xAD 0xA1
- 0xAE (174) 0xAE 0xAB
- 0xAF (175) 0xAF 0xBB
- 0xB0 (176) 0xB0 0x91 0x25
- 0xB1 (177) 0xB1 0x92 0x25
- 0xB2 (178) 0xB2 0x93 0x25
- 0xB3 (179) 0xB3 0x02 0x25
- 0xB4 (180) 0xB4 0x24 0x25
- 0xB5 (181) 0xB5 0xC1
- 0xB6 (182) 0xB6 0xC2
- 0xB7 (183) 0xB7 0xC0
- 0xB8 (184) 0xB8 0xA9
- 0xB9 (185) 0xB9 0x63 0x25
- 0xBA (186) 0xBA 0x51 0x25
- 0xBB (187) 0xBB 0x57 0x25
- 0xBC (188) 0xBC 0x5D 0x25
- 0xBD (189) 0xBD 0xA2
- 0xBE (190) 0xBE 0xA5
- 0xBF (191) 0xBF 0x10 0x25
- 0xC0 (192) 0xC0 0x14 0x25
- 0xC1 (193) 0xC1 0x34 0x25
- 0xC2 (194) 0xC2 0x2C 0x25
- 0xC3 (195) 0xC3 0x1C 0x25
- 0xC4 (196) 0xC4 0x00 0x25
- 0xC5 (197) 0xC5 0x3C 0x25
- 0xC6 (198) 0xC7 0xE3 E
- 0xC7 (199) 0xC7 0xC3
- 0xC8 (200) 0xC8 0x5A 0x25 E
- 0xC9 (201) 0xC9 0x54 0x25 E
- 0xCA (202) 0xCA 0x69 0x25 E
- 0xCB (203) 0xCB 0x66 0x25 E
- 0xCC (204) 0xCC 0x60 0x25 E
- 0xCD (205) 0xCD 0x50 0x25 E
- 0xCE (206) 0xCE 0x6C 0x25 E
- 0xCF (207) 0xCF 0xA4 E
- 0xD0 (208) 0xD1 0xF0
- 0xD1 (209) 0xD1 0xD0
- 0xD2 (210) 0xD2 0xCA
- 0xD3 (211) 0xD3 0xCB
- 0xD4 (212) 0xD4 0xC8
- 0xD5 (213) 0x49 0x31 0x01
- 0xD6 (214) 0xD6 0xCD
- 0xD7 (215) 0xD7 0xCE
- 0xD8 (216) 0xD8 0xCF
- 0xD9 (217) 0xD9 0x18 0x25
- 0xDA (218) 0xDA 0x0C 0x25
- 0xDB (219) 0xDB 0x88 0x25
- 0xDC (220) 0xDC 0x84 0x25
- 0xDD (221) 0xDD 0xA6
- 0xDE (222) 0xDE 0xCC
- 0xDF (223) 0xDF 0x80 0x25
- 0xE0 (224) 0xE0 0xD3
- 0xE1 (225) 0xE1 0xDF
- 0xE2 (226) 0xE2 0xD4
- 0xE3 (227) 0xE3 0xD2
- 0xE4 (228) 0x05 0xF5
- 0xE5 (229) 0x05 0xD5
- 0xE6 (230) 0xE6 0xB5
- 0xE7 (231) 0xE8 0xFE
- 0xE8 (232) 0xE8 0xDE
- 0xE9 (233) 0xE9 0xDA
- 0xEA (234) 0xEA 0xDB
- 0xEB (235) 0xEB 0xD9
- 0xEC (236) 0xED 0xFD
- 0xED (237) 0xED 0xDD
- 0xEE (238) 0xEE 0xAF
- 0xEF (239) 0xEF 0xB4
- 0xF0 (240) 0xF0 0xAD
- 0xF1 (241) 0xF1 0xB1
- 0xF2 (242) 0xF2 0x17 0x20
- 0xF3 (243) 0xF3 0xBE
- 0xF4 (244) 0xF4 0xB6
- 0xF5 (245) 0xF5 0xA7
- 0xF6 (246) 0xF6 0xF7
- 0xF7 (247) 0xF7 0xB8
- 0xF8 (248) 0xF8 0xB0
- 0xF9 (249) 0xF9 0xA8
- 0xFA (250) 0xFA 0xB7
- 0xFB (251) 0xFB 0xB9
- 0xFC (252) 0xFC 0xB3
- 0xFD (253) 0xFD 0xB2
- 0xFE (254) 0xFE 0xA0 0x25
- 0xFF (255) 0xFF 0xA0
-
-
- Page 0
- 0x80 (128) 0x00
- 0x81 (129) 0x00
- 0x82 (130) 0x00
- 0x83 (131) 0x00
- 0x84 (132) 0x00
- 0x85 (133) 0x00
- 0x86 (134) 0x00
- 0x87 (135) 0x00
- 0x88 (136) 0x00
- 0x89 (137) 0x00
- 0x8A (138) 0x00
- 0x8B (139) 0x00
- 0x8C (140) 0x00
- 0x8D (141) 0x00
- 0x8E (142) 0x00
- 0x8F (143) 0x00
- 0x90 (144) 0x00
- 0x91 (145) 0x00
- 0x92 (146) 0x00
- 0x93 (147) 0x00
- 0x94 (148) 0x00
- 0x95 (149) 0x00
- 0x96 (150) 0x00
- 0x97 (151) 0x00
- 0x98 (152) 0x00
- 0x99 (153) 0x00
- 0x9A (154) 0x00
- 0x9B (155) 0x00
- 0x9C (156) 0x00
- 0x9D (157) 0x00
- 0x9E (158) 0x00
- 0x9F (159) 0x92
- 0xA0 (160) 0xFF
- 0xA1 (161) 0xAD
- 0xA2 (162) 0xBD
- 0xA3 (163) 0x9C
- 0xA4 (164) 0xCF
- 0xA5 (165) 0xBE
- 0xA6 (166) 0xDD
- 0xA7 (167) 0xF5
- 0xA8 (168) 0xF9
- 0xA9 (169) 0xB8
- 0xAA (170) 0x00
- 0xAB (171) 0xAE
- 0xAC (172) 0xAA
- 0xAD (173) 0xF0
- 0xAE (174) 0x00
- 0xAF (175) 0xEE
- 0xB0 (176) 0xF8
- 0xB1 (177) 0xF1
- 0xB2 (178) 0xFD
- 0xB3 (179) 0xFC
- 0xB4 (180) 0xEF
- 0xB5 (181) 0xE6
- 0xB6 (182) 0xF4
- 0xB7 (183) 0xFA
- 0xB8 (184) 0xF7
- 0xB9 (185) 0xFB
- 0xBA (186) 0x00
- 0xBB (187) 0xAF
- 0xBC (188) 0xAC
- 0xBD (189) 0xAB
- 0xBE (190) 0xF3
- 0xBF (191) 0x00
- 0xC0 (192) 0xB7
- 0xC1 (193) 0xB5
- 0xC2 (194) 0xB6
- 0xC3 (195) 0xC7
- 0xC4 (196) 0x8E
- 0xC5 (197) 0x8F
- 0xC6 (198) 0x92
- 0xC7 (199) 0x80
- 0xC8 (200) 0xD4
- 0xC9 (201) 0x90
- 0xCA (202) 0xD2
- 0xCB (203) 0xD3
- 0xCC (204) 0xDE
- 0xCD (205) 0xD6
- 0xCE (206) 0xD7
- 0xCF (207) 0xD8
- 0xD0 (208) 0x00
- 0xD1 (209) 0xA5
- 0xD2 (210) 0xE3
- 0xD3 (211) 0xE0
- 0xD4 (212) 0xE2
- 0xD5 (213) 0xE5
- 0xD6 (214) 0x99
- 0xD7 (215) 0x9E
- 0xD8 (216) 0x9D
- 0xD9 (217) 0xEB
- 0xDA (218) 0xE9
- 0xDB (219) 0xEA
- 0xDC (220) 0x9A
- 0xDD (221) 0xED
- 0xDE (222) 0xE8
- 0xDF (223) 0xE1
- 0xE0 (224) 0x85, 0xA1
- 0xE1 (225) 0xA0
- 0xE2 (226) 0x83
- 0xE3 (227) 0xC6
- 0xE4 (228) 0x84
- 0xE5 (229) 0x86
- 0xE6 (230) 0x91
- 0xE7 (231) 0x87
- 0xE8 (232) 0x8A
- 0xE9 (233) 0x82
- 0xEA (234) 0x88
- 0xEB (235) 0x89
- 0xEC (236) 0x8D
- 0xED (237) 0x00
- 0xEE (238) 0x8C
- 0xEF (239) 0x8B
- 0xF0 (240) 0xD0
- 0xF1 (241) 0xA4
- 0xF2 (242) 0x95
- 0xF3 (243) 0xA2
- 0xF4 (244) 0x93
- 0xF5 (245) 0xE4
- 0xF6 (246) 0x94
- 0xF7 (247) 0xF6
- 0xF8 (248) 0x9B
- 0xF9 (249) 0x97
- 0xFA (250) 0xA3
- 0xFB (251) 0x96
- 0xFC (252) 0x81
- 0xFD (253) 0xEC
- 0xFE (254) 0xE7
- 0xFF (255) 0x98
-
-