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The\ jedit\ Text\ Editor\n\nIntroduction\nThe\ jedit\ application\ is\ a\ customisable\ multi¡mode\ X\ Windows\ text\ editor.\ \ It\ is\ distributed\ as\ part\ of\ the\ jstools\ package.\n\nI\ have\ intended\ jedit\ to\ be\ flexible\ and\ configurable.\ \ Preferences\ panels\ let\ you\ choose\ among\ sets\ of\ text\ bindings,\ including\ Emacs\ and\ rudimentary\ vi(1)\ emulation,\ and\ general\ aspects\ of\ the\ application's\ behaviour,\ and\ hooks\ are\ provided\ to\ let\ you\ further\ customise\ the\ application's\ behaviour\ via\ startup\ files\ written\ in\ Tcl.\ \ For\ instance,\ if\ you\ find\ you\ frequently\ need\ to\ insert\ a\ list\ of\ all\ the\ users\ on\ your\ system\ into\ a\ file\ you're\ editing,\ sorted\ alphabetically,\ you\ can\ add\ a\ menu\ command\ (or\ a\ keystroke,\ or\ both)\ to\ do\ that.\n\nThe\ editor\ supports\ a\ number\ of\ keyboard\ shortcuts\ for\ menu\ commands,\ as\ well\ as\ a\ few\ keyboard\ shortcuts\ for\ buttons\ in\ dialogue\ boxes.\ \ Documentation\ is\ available\ describing\ the\ jstools\ conventions\ for\ notation\ of\ keyboard\ shortcuts.\n\nThe\ editor\ can\ be\ incorporated\ into\ other\ Tk¡based\ applications\ as\ a\ set\ of\ libraries\;\ this\ is\ described\ under\ Embedding\ jedit\ in\ Other\ Applications\ in\ Programming\ with\ jedit.\n\nThis\ help\ file\ describes\ jedit\ version\ 3.6/3.0.\n\nCopyright\ and\ contact\ information\ is\ available\ in\ the\ jstools\ documentation.\n\nCompatibility\njedit\ version\ 3.6/3.0\ is\ compatible\ with\ Tk\ 3.6p1\ and\ Tcl\ 7.3\;\ it\ may\ work\ properly\ with\ other\ versions,\ but\ then\ again,\ it\ might\ not.\n\nThere's\ a\ bug\ in\ unpatched\ Tk\ 3.6\ that\ causes\ wish(1)\ to\ die\ with\ a\ core\ dump\ under\ certain\ circumstances\;\ jedit\ tends\ to\ trigger\ this.\ \ You\ should\ apply\ the\ official\ patch\ to\ Tk,\ which\ is\ available\ with\ the\ Tk\ sources\ on\ the\ official\ Tk\ distribution\ sites.\ \ If\ for\ some\ reason\ you\ can't\ do\ this,\ you\ can\ decrease\ the\ likelihood\ of\ triggering\ the\ bug\ by\ starting\ jedit\ with\ no\ filename\ specified\ on\ the\ command\ line,\ and\ loading\ files\ with\ the\ `Load...'\ command.\n\nThere\ were\ focus¡related\ bugs\ in\ Tk\ 4.0b2\ (the\ second\ beta\ release)\ which\ caused\ the\ jstools\ applications\ (and\ some\ others)\ to\ crash\ frequently\;\ later\ versions\ of\ Tk\ probably\ will\ not\ suffer\ from\ this\ problem.\n\nThanks\nThanks\ to\ David\ Svoboda\ <[e-mail]>\ for\ the\ code\ to\ match\ parentheses\ (taken\ from\ Beth,\ the\ predecessor\ of\ Elsbeth),\ and\ to\ Christian\ Artigues\ <[e-mail]>\ and\ Maurice\ Diamantini\ <[e-mail]>\ for\ the\ work\ of\ integrating\ it\ with\ the\ editor.\n\nThanks\ to\ Achim\ Bohnet\ <[e-mail]>\ for\ the\ EDT\ bindings\ (still\ in\ progress),\ improvements\ to\ the\ vi\ bindings,\ and\ valuable\ suggestions\ about\ the\ bindings\ mechanism.\n\nInvocation\n\tjedit\ \[-mode\ mode\]\ \[-for\ interpreter\]\ \[filename\]...\n\nTo\ edit\ a\ file,\ type\ `jedit\ filename'\ at\ the\ Unix\ shell\ prompt,\ assuming\ jedit\ is\ in\ your\ path.\ \ The\ file\ need\ not\ already\ exist\;\ if\ it\ doesn't,\ it'll\ be\ created\ on\ disk\ when\ you\ first\ save\ it.\ \ If\ you\ leave\ off\ the\ filename,\ you'll\ be\ asked\ to\ supply\ a\ name\ for\ the\ file\ when\ you\ first\ save\ your\ work.\n\nYou\ can\ give\ more\ than\ one\ filename\ on\ the\ command\ line\;\ jedit\ will\ open\ a\ separate\ window\ for\ each\ file\ you\ specify,\ and\ different\ windows\ can\ be\ in\ different\ modes.\ \ (Note\ that\ there's\ a\ distinction\ between\ two\ copies\ of\ jedit\ each\ displaying\ one\ window,\ and\ one\ copy\ of\ jedit\ displaying\ two\ windows.\ \ Among\ other\ things,\ there\ are\ more\ ways\ to\ copy\ and\ paste\ among\ windows\ displayed\ by\ the\ same\ copy\ of\ jedit\ than\ between\ separate\ invocations\ of\ jedit.)\n\nIf\ you\ specify\ an\ editing\ mode\ with\ the\ -mode\ option,\ jedit\ will\ use\ the\ mode\ you\ specify\ instead\ of\ guessing\ what\ mode\ to\ use\ based\ on\ the\ type\ of\ the\ file.\ \ (In\ general,\ different\ modes\ are\ intended\ for\ editing\ different\ types\ of\ files.\ \ For\ instance,\ mail\ mode,\ intended\ for\ composing\ mail\ messages,\ provides\ a\ button\ to\ sign\ your\ mail.\ \ For\ more\ information,\ see\ the\ section\ Editing\ Modes\ below.)\n\n(The\ -for\ option\ assists\ co÷peration\ between\ jedit\ and\ other\ Tk¡based\ applications\;\ it\ can\ be\ used\ by\ another\ Tk¡based\ application\ to\ tell\ a\ new\ jedit\ session\ it\ starts\ what\ the\ name\ of\ the\ parent\ interpreter\ is\;\ for\ instance,\ exmh-mode\ uses\ this\ to\ tell\ a\ new\ copy\ of\ jedit\ what\ the\ name\ of\ the\ exmh\ interpreter\ is.\ \ The\ -for\ option\ is\ only\ used\ by\ certain\ modes,\ and\ you\ wouldn't\ ordinarily\ use\ it\ on\ the\ command\ line.)\n\nThe\ Editor\ Menu\nThe\ editor\ menu\ has\ commands\ to\ get\ information\ about\ jedit,\ and\ also\ to\ launch\ a\ new\ copy\ of\ the\ editor\ and\ to\ quit.\n\nHelp\nThe\ `Help'\ command\ displays\ this\ help\ file.\ \ (It\ uses\ the\ jdoc\ command,\ so\ in\ order\ for\ it\ to\ work\ that\ command\ must\ be\ installed\ on\ your\ system\ and\ in\ your\ path.\ \ The\ help\ file\ must\ also\ be\ installed,\ or\ be\ in\ the\ current\ directory.)\n\nAbout\ the\ Editor...\nThe\ `About\ the\ Editor...'\ command\ displays\ an\ information\ panel\ with\ copyright\ information.\ \ The\ panel\ also\ lets\ you\ get\ more\ information\ about\ the\ author,\ and\ about\ the\ Tk/Tcl\ scripting\ environment.\n\nGlobal\ Preferences...\nEditor\ Preferences...\nMode\ Preferences...\nThese\ bring\ up\ preferences\ panels,\ described\ in\ the\ section\ Preferences\ below.\n\nMode...\nThis\ brings\ up\ a\ panel\ that\ lets\ you\ type\ in\ the\ name\ of\ an\ editing\ mode,\ and\ switches\ the\ editor\ into\ the\ specified\ mode.\ \ Editing\ modes\ are\ described\ in\ the\ section\ Editing\ Modes\ below.\n\nIssue\ Tcl\ Command...\nThis\ brings\ up\ a\ panel\ that\ prompts\ you\ for\ a\ Tcl\ command\ to\ be\ executed.\ \ This\ is\ an\ advanced\ feature\ intended\ primarily\ for\ use\ in\ designing\ and\ debugging\ configuration\ files\;\ it's\ not\ normally\ useful\ for\ editing\ files.\n\nIssue\ Unix\ Command...\nThis\ brings\ up\ a\ panel\ that\ prompts\ you\ for\ a\ Unix\ command\ to\ be\ executed.\ \ If\ the\ command\ produces\ any\ output,\ it\ will\ be\ displayed\;\ otherwise\ you'll\ see\ a\ notice\ to\ that\ effect.\ \ If\ there\ are\ any\ errors\ in\ the\ execution\ of\ the\ command,\ you'll\ see\ an\ error\ dialogue\ box\ with\ the\ error\ message\ returned\ by\ the\ command.\ \ This\ command\ doesn't\ (necessarily)\ have\ any\ effect\ on\ your\ document\;\ it's\ just\ a\ convenience.\n\nNew\ Window\nThe\ `New\ Window'\ command\ starts\ up\ a\ new,\ empty\ jedit\ document\ window.\ \ You\ can\ then\ click\ in\ the\ new\ window\ and\ start\ typing,\ or\ load\ a\ document\ into\ it.\n\nDone\nThe\ `Done'\ command\ saves\ your\ document\ and\ then\ closes\ the\ window\ (which\ will\ cause\ jedit\ to\ quit\ if\ you\ only\ have\ one\ window\ open).\ \ Chosing\ `Done'\ is\ just\ a\ convenient\ shortcut\ for\ choosing\ `Save'\ and\ then\ `Close\ Window'.\n\nClose\ Window\nIf\ there's\ only\ one\ window\ open,\ `Close\ Window'\ does\ the\ same\ thing\ as\ `Quit'\;\ i.e.,\ it\ exits\ the\ editor.\n\nIf\ there's\ more\ than\ one\ window\ open,\ `Close\ Window'\ will\ only\ close\ the\ current\ window\ (the\ one\ you\ choose\ it\ from).\ \ By\ default,\ you\ will\ be\ asked\ to\ confirm\ that\ you\ want\ to\ close\ the\ window.\ \ (You\ can\ change\ this\ with\ the\ jstools\ Global\ Preferences\ panel.)\ \ When\ you\ close\ a\ window,\ any\ changes\ you\ may\ have\ made\ to\ your\ file\ since\ you\ last\ saved\ it\ will\ be\ lost\ -\ choosing\ `Close\ Window'\ does\ not\ automatically\ save\ your\ file.\n\nQuit\nThis\ should\ be\ self¡explanatory.\ \ By\ default,\ you\ will\ be\ asked\ to\ confirm\ that\ you\ want\ to\ quit.\ \ (You\ can\ change\ this\ with\ the\ jstools\ Global\ Preferences\ panel.)\ \ As\ with\ `Close\ Window',\ any\ changes\ you\ may\ have\ made\ to\ your\ file\ since\ you\ last\ saved\ it\ will\ be\ lost.\ \ Be\ warned\ that\ the\ `Quit'\ command\ will\ close\ all\ windows\ belonging\ to\ a\ single\ jedit\ application,\ so\ if\ you\ have\ changes\ you\ haven't\ saved\ in\ any\ of\ the\ windows,\ they'll\ be\ lost.\n\nWorking\ with\ Files\nThe\ commands\ on\ the\ `File'\ menu\ let\ you\ load\ and\ save\ files,\ and\ insert\ another\ file\ into\ the\ one\ you're\ working\ with.\n\nThe\ label\ at\ the\ top\ of\ the\ text\ window,\ below\ the\ menu\ bar\ (and\ the\ buttonbar,\ if\ it's\ displayed),\ displays\ the\ name\ of\ the\ file\ you're\ editing\ and\ the\ current\ editing\ mode.\n\nNote\ that\ specific\ editing\ modes\ may\ implement\ the\ `Load...',\ `Save',\ and\ `Save\ As...'\ commands\ a\ little\ differently\ from\ the\ default\ behaviour\ described\ below.\n\nLoad...\n`Load...'\ will\ prompt\ you\ for\ a\ file\ name\ and\ attempt\ to\ load\ the\ file\ into\ the\ editor.\ \ If\ the\ file\ doesn't\ exist,\ ``(new\ file)''\ will\ appear\ in\ the\ label\ to\ let\ you\ know\ the\ file\ doesn't\ actually\ exist\ on\ disk\ yet,\ and\ it\ will\ be\ created\ (if\ possible)\ when\ you\ next\ save\ the\ file.\n\n(Depending\ on\ the\ editing\ mode\ you're\ in\ and\ your\ mode¡specific\ preferences,\ the\ current\ state\ of\ the\ text\ -\ the\ position\ of\ the\ selection\ and\ the\ insert\ point,\ any\ highlighting\ information,\ etc.\ -\ may\ be\ restored\ as\ well,\ if\ it\ was\ saved.\ \ See\ Preferences\ for\ more\ information.)\n\nSave\n`Save'\ will\ save\ the\ file,\ using\ the\ name\ that\ appears\ in\ the\ filename\ label.\ \ If\ the\ file\ hasn't\ been\ named\ yet,\ a\ panel\ will\ appear\ asking\ you\ to\ choose\ a\ name\ for\ the\ file.\n\n(Depending\ on\ the\ editing\ mode\ you're\ in\ and/or\ your\ mode¡specific\ preferences,\ the\ current\ state\ of\ the\ text\ -\ the\ position\ of\ the\ selection\ and\ the\ insert\ point,\ fonts\ and\ colours,\ etc.\ -\ may\ be\ saved\ as\ well.\ \ If\ so,\ the\ additional\ state\ information\ may\ be\ stored\ in\ a\ file\ called\ .state.filename\ in\ the\ same\ directory\ as\ filename,\ where\ filename\ is\ the\ name\ of\ the\ text\ file,\ or\ the\ file\ itself\ may\ be\ stored\ in\ a\ special\ format\ that\ contains\ that\ information.\ \ \ See\ Preferences\ for\ more\ information.)\n\nSave\ As...\n`Save\ As...'\ asks\ you\ for\ a\ name,\ and\ saves\ the\ file\ under\ that\ name.\n\n(As\ with\ `Save',\ additional\ state\ information\ may\ be\ saved,\ depending\ on\ your\ editing\ mode\ and\ preferences.)\n\nPrint...\nAfter\ asking\ for\ confirmation,\ `Print...'\ uses\ the\ lpr(1)\ command\ to\ print\ your\ document.\n\n(If\ your\ document\ uses\ multiple\ fonts\ or\ colours,\ or\ underlining,\ those\ attributes\ won't\ be\ preserved\ in\ the\ printout\;\ the\ `Print...'\ command\ is\ really\ only\ suitale\ for\ plain¡text\ email,\ program\ listings,\ and\ the\ like.\ \ If\ you\ need\ to\ print\ a\ rich¡text\ document\ with\ font\ changes\ intact,\ see\ Printing\ Multi¡Font\ Text\ under\ Working\ with\ Fonts\ and\ Colours\ below.)\n\nYou\ can\ select\ a\ printer\ using\ the\ Global\ Preferences\ panel\;\ the\ default\ printer\ is\ lp.\n\nInsert\ File...\n`Insert\ File...'\ asks\ you\ for\ the\ name\ of\ a\ file,\ which\ is\ inserted\ into\ the\ current\ file\ at\ the\ insertion\ point\ (the\ blinking\ vertical\ bar).\ \ For\ instance,\ if\ the\ insertion\ point\ is\ at\ the\ end\ of\ a\ letter\ you're\ composing,\ you\ can\ insert\ the\ file\ .signature\ (if\ that\ file\ exists)\ to\ sign\ your\ letter.\n\nSelecting,\ Copying,\ and\ Pasting\ Text\nTo\ select\ text,\ just\ drag\ across\ it\ with\ the\ mouse,\ as\ in\ any\ X\ Windows\ application.\ \ The\ selected\ text\ will\ be\ highlighted.\ \ (You\ can\ change\ how\ selected\ text\ is\ displayed\ with\ the\ Editor\ Preferences\ panel.)\n\nNote\ that\ jedit,\ unlike\ most\ X\ Windows\ applications\ based\ on\ the\ Athena\ widget\ set,\ distinguishes\ the\ selection\ from\ the\ insertion\ point\ -\ they\ don't\ have\ to\ be\ in\ the\ same\ place.\ \ \n\nThe\ X\ Selection\nThe\ currently¡highlighted\ selection\ is\ exported\ as\ the\ X\ Windows\ selection.\ \ The\ selection\ is\ shared\ among\ all\ the\ applications\ running\ on\ the\ display,\ so\ if\ you\ highlight\ text\ in\ some\ other\ application,\ the\ text\ you've\ selected\ in\ the\ editor\ will\ be\ deselected.\ \ Using\ the\ X\ selection\ is\ the\ only\ way\ to\ copy\ text\ between\ jedit\ and\ another\ application,\ or\ between\ two\ separate\ copies\ of\ jedit\ (although\ you\ can\ use\ the\ cutbuffer,\ described\ below,\ to\ copy\ text\ between\ two\ separate\ document\ windows\ belonging\ to\ the\ same\ jedit\ application).\n\nYou\ can\ paste\ the\ X\ selection\ into\ another\ application\ -\ a\ different\ program,\ like\ xedit(1)\ or\ xterm(1),\ or\ another\ copy\ of\ jedit\ -\ using\ whatever\ mechanism\ that\ program\ provides.\ \ (In\ Athena¡based\ applications\ like\ xedit\ and\ xterm,\ for\ instance,\ you\ press\ the\ middle\ mouse\ button.)\ \ \n\nTo\ paste\ the\ current\ X\ selection\ in\ jedit,\ choose\ `Insert\ X\ Selection'\ from\ the\ `Edit'\ menu\ (or\ type\ Meta-Shift-V).\ \ You\ can\ also\ insert\ the\ X\ selection\ by\ clicking\ the\ middle\ mouse\ button.\ \ If\ you're\ using\ `Basic'\ keyboard\ bindings\ (see\ Preferences),\ you\ can\ also\ insert\ \ the\ X\ selection\ by\ typing\ Control-v.\ \ (Control-v\ is\ the\ normal\ way\ of\ inserting\ the\ X\ selection\ into\ other\ Tk¡based\ applications.)\n\nThe\ Cutbuffer\nIn\ addition\ to\ the\ X\ selection,\ there's\ another\ mechanism\ for\ cutting\ and\ pasting\ text\ -\ the\ cutbuffer.\ \ When\ you\ select\ some\ text\ (by\ dragging\ with\ the\ mouse)\ and\ choose\ `Copy'\ from\ the\ `Edit'\ menu,\ the\ highlighted\ text\ is\ copied\ into\ the\ cutbuffer\ -\ it's\ remembered\ for\ future\ reference.\ \ When\ you\ later\ choose\ `Paste'\ from\ the\ `Edit'\ menu,\ the\ then¡current\ contents\ of\ the\ cutbuffer\ are\ inserted\ into\ your\ text\ at\ the\ insertion\ point.\ \ `Cut'\ works\ like\ `Copy',\ but\ also\ deletes\ the\ selected\ text\ from\ its\ original\ location.\ \ You\ use\ `Cut'\ and\ `Paste'\ to\ move\ text,\ and\ `Copy'\ and\ `Paste'\ to\ duplicate\ text.\ \ \n\nThis\ method\ of\ copying\ and\ pasting\ text\ works\ like\ copying\ and\ pasting\ on\ a\ Macintosh\ or\ a\ NeXT,\ except\ that\ it\ only\ works\ within\ a\ single\ jedit\ application.\ \ (You\ can,\ however,\ use\ the\ cutbuffer\ to\ copy\ or\ move\ text\ between\ different\ windows\ maintained\ by\ the\ same\ jedit\ application.)\n\nSelect\ All...\nChoosing\ `Select\ All...'\ from\ the\ `File'\ menu\ (or\ typing\ its\ keyboard\ equivalent)\ is\ a\ shortcut\ to\ select\ all\ the\ text\ in\ the\ document.\n\nMaking\ Notes\nSometimes\ you\ may\ wish\ to\ refer\ to\ one\ part\ of\ a\ long\ file\ while\ editing\ another\ part.\ \ Or\ you\ may\ want\ to\ look\ at\ the\ original\ version\ of\ the\ file\ while\ you\ make\ changes.\ \ You\ can\ do\ this\ by\ selecting\ the\ part\ you\ wish\ to\ refer\ to\ and\ choosing\ `Note'\ from\ the\ `Edit'\ menu.\ \ A\ new\ window\ will\ pop\ up\ containing\ the\ selected\ portion\ of\ the\ text.\ \ The\ contents\ of\ that\ window\ won't\ change\ if\ you\ edit\ the\ original\ file\ in\ the\ main\ window,\ nor\ can\ you\ edit\ the\ contents\ of\ the\ new\ note\ window.\n\nSearch\ and\ Replace\nFind...\nThe\ `Find...'\ command\ under\ the\ `Edit'\ menu\ will\ bring\ up\ the\ jstools\ Find\ panel,\ which\ lets\ you\ search\ for\ a\ string\ of\ text,\ and\ optionally\ replace\ it\ with\ another\ string\ of\ text.\n\nFind\ Again\nThe\ `Find\ Again'\ command\ works\ like\ clicking\ the\ `Search'\ button\ on\ the\ find\ panel:\ it\ repeats\ the\ previous\ search.\ \ It\ is\ convenient\ because\ you\ don't\ have\ to\ bring\ up\ the\ find\ panel,\ and\ you\ don't\ have\ to\ use\ the\ mouse\ to\ invoke\ it\ (if\ you\ use\ the\ keyboard\ equivalent,\ Meta-g).\ \ The\ search\ will\ be\ backwards\ and/or\ case¡sensitive\ and/or\ regular¡expression¡based\ if\ the\ previous\ one\ was.\n\nIf\ there\ isn't\ currently\ anything\ entered\ in\ the\ find\ panel's\ `Search\ for:'\ field\ (e.g.,\ if\ you\ haven't\ yet\ tried\ to\ find\ anything\ since\ starting\ the\ editor),\ `Find\ Again'\ will\ just\ bring\ up\ the\ find\ panel,\ like\ `Find...'.\n\nUndo,\ Redo,\ and\ Checkpoint\nThe\ editor\ supports\ a\ limited\ version\ of\ undo.\ \ Up\ to\ ten\ recent\ states\ of\ the\ file\ you're\ working\ on\ are\ saved\ in\ an\ undo\ buffer.\ \ (This\ number\ is\ configurable\ with\ the\ `Undo\ Levels'\ slider\ on\ the\ Editor\ Preferences\ panel,\ described\ under\ Preferences.\ \ If\ you\ set\ it\ to\ zero,\ no\ undo\ information\ will\ be\ kept\ and\ the\ undo¡related\ commands\ won't\ be\ available.)\ \ You\ can\ choose\ `Undo'\ from\ the\ `Edit'\ menu\ to\ revert\ to\ successively\ earlier\ states\ of\ the\ file.\ \ If\ you\ `overshoot',\ you\ can\ choose\ `Redo'\ to\ return\ to\ successively\ later\ states\ -\ a\ `Redo'\ is\ the\ converse\ of\ an\ `Undo'.\ \ (This\ is\ hard\ to\ describe,\ but\ fairly\ easy\ to\ use.)\n\nYou\ can't\ undo\ each\ little\ modification\ to\ the\ file\ (each\ character\ typed,\ for\ instance)\;\ you\ can\ only\ undo\ to\ a\ particular\ state\ if\ a\ checkpoint\ of\ that\ state\ has\ been\ saved.\ \ In\ general,\ checkpoints\ are\ saved\ each\ time\ you\ issue\ an\ editor\ command\ (i.e.,\ a\ menu\ entry,\ or\ the\ keyboard\ equivalent\ of\ a\ menu\ entry)\ that\ changes\ or\ is\ likely\ to\ change\ the\ text.\ \ For\ instance,\ choosing\ `Cut'\ or\ `Paste'\ will\ save\ a\ checkpoint,\ as\ will\ piping\ the\ selection\ through\ a\ command.\ \ Bringing\ up\ the\ Find\ panel\ saves\ a\ checkpoint,\ because\ you\ might\ do\ a\ `Replace'\ or\ `Replace\ All'.\ \ However,\ clicking\ on\ the\ replace\ buttons\ on\ the\ Find\ panel\ doesn't\ save\ a\ checkpoint,\ because\ they\ aren't\ menu\ entries.\ \ Also,\ editing\ commands\ that\ are\ exclusively\ keyboard¡based\ (such\ as\ Control-w\ if\ you're\ using\ Emacs\ keyboard\ bindings)\ won't\ save\ a\ checkpoint.\n\nYou\ can,\ however,\ explicitly\ save\ a\ checkpoint\ by\ choosing\ `Checkpoint'\ from\ the\ `Edit'\ menu.\ \ You\ might\ do\ this,\ for\ instance,\ periodically\ while\ typing\ a\ large\ amount\ of\ text\ without\ invoking\ editor\ commands,\ or\ before\ issuing\ a\ keyboard¡only\ command\ that\ might\ change\ the\ text.\n\nCheckpoints\ are\ stored\ in\ memory,\ so\ the\ more\ checkpoints\ you\ save\ (the\ more\ levels\ of\ undo\ information\ you\ ask\ for),\ and\ the\ longer\ your\ files\ are,\ the\ more\ memory\ you'll\ need.\ \ If\ you\ edit\ small\ files,\ you\ can\ save\ lots\ of\ undo\ information,\ but\ if\ you're\ editing\ very\ large\ files,\ having\ a\ lot\ of\ (or\ any)\ undo\ information\ saved\ may\ cause\ the\ editor\ to\ crash\ or\ misbehave\ due\ to\ running\ out\ of\ memory.\ \ Also,\ having\ checkpointing\ turned\ on\ (i.e.,\ setting\ `Undo\ Levels'\ to\ anything\ other\ than\ zero)\ will\ cause\ delays\ as\ the\ checkpoint\ is\ made.\n\nFor\ these\ and\ other\ reasons,\ the\ current\ undo\ mechanism\ is\ not\ really\ satisfactory.\ \ I\ hope\ to\ implement\ a\ more\ intuitive\ and\ less\ limited\ undo\ mechanism\ in\ a\ future\ version\ of\ the\ editor.\n\nNavigating\ by\ Line\ Number\nGo\ To\ Line...\nThe\ `Go\ to\ Line...'\ command\ under\ the\ `Edit'\ menu\ lets\ you\ type\ in\ a\ line\ number\ and\ moves\ the\ insertion\ point\ to\ the\ beginning\ of\ that\ line.\ \ It's\ useful,\ among\ other\ things,\ for\ finding\ the\ place\ in\ a\ file\ of\ program\ source\ code\ where\ an\ error\ is\ reported.\n\nShow\ Current\ Position...\nThe\ `Show\ Current\ Position...'\ command\ under\ the\ `Edit'\ menu\ pops\ up\ a\ panel\ telling\ you\ where\ in\ the\ file\ the\ insertion\ point\ is,\ by\ line\ number\ and\ character\ position\ within\ the\ line.\n\nMaking\ Transformations\ to\ the\ Selection\nThe\ commands\ under\ the\ `Filter'\ menu\ lets\ you\ perform\ various\ transformations\ on\ your\ text\ by\ applying\ a\ substitution\ to\ the\ selection,\ or\ running\ it\ through\ a\ Unix\ command,\ and\ replacing\ the\ original\ selected\ text\ with\ the\ output\ of\ the\ command.\n\nFormatting\ Paragraphs\nThe\ `Format\ Lines\ with\ ``fmt'''\ command\ lets\ you\ run\ the\ selected\ text\ through\ the\ Unix\ fmt(1)\ command,\ which\ tries\ to\ format\ paragraphs\ so\ that\ the\ lines\ are\ about\ the\ same\ length,\ breaking\ long\ lines,\ and\ filling\ in\ short\ ones\ (except\ for\ the\ last\ line\ in\ a\ paragraph,\ of\ course).\ \ For\ information\ on\ exactly\ what\ it\ does,\ see\ the\ fmt(1)\ manual\ page\ on\ your\ system.\n\nWarning:\ \ Many\ versions\ of\ fmt(1)\ have\ a\ limit\ on\ the\ length\ of\ the\ input\ lines\ they\ can\ handle\;\ if\ a\ single\ input\ line\ is\ longer\ than\ that\ limit,\ it\ will\ be\ truncated.\ \ So\ if\ you\ type\ a\ long\ paragraph\ (longer\ than\ about\ eight\ or\ ten\ lines)\ without\ pressing\ Return\ at\ the\ end\ of\ any\ of\ the\ lines,\ if\ you\ run\ that\ paragraph\ through\ fmt(1)\ you\ will\ lose\ some\ of\ your\ text.\ \ Also,\ fmt(1)\ requires\ a\ newline\ on\ the\ end\ of\ its\ input,\ so\ you\ should\ make\ sure\ the\ last\ line\ is\ entirely\ selected,\ including\ the\ newline.\ \ The\ easiest\ way\ to\ do\ this\ is\ to\ select\ by\ triple¡clicking\ the\ mouse\ and\ dragging,\ which\ selects\ entire\ lines\ at\ a\ time.\n\nChanging\ Case\n`Capitalise',\ `Lowercase',\ and\ `Toggle\ Case'\ should\ be\ fairly\ self¡explanatory\;\ they\ pipe\ the\ selected\ text\ through\ various\ invocations\ of\ the\ tr(1)\ command.\ \ (tr(1)\ discards\ the\ trailing\ newline\ from\ its\ input,\ so\ if\ the\ selected\ text\ ends\ in\ a\ newline,\ it\ will\ be\ lost.)\n\nIndentation\nIndent\nThe\ `Indent'\ command\ inserts\ two\ spaces\ at\ the\ beginning\ of\ each\ line\ in\ the\ selection.\n\nUnindent/Unquote\nThe\ `Unindent/Unquote'\ command\ deletes\ two\ spaces,\ or\ one\ of\ a\ small\ number\ of\ punctuation\ characters\ typically\ used\ to\ indicate\ quoted\ material,\ followed\ by\ a\ space,\ from\ the\ beginning\ of\ any\ line\ in\ the\ selection\ that\ has\ them.\ \ It\ will\ also\ change\ a\ tab\ at\ the\ beginning\ of\ a\ line\ to\ six\ spaces.\n\nQuote\ Email\nThe\ `Quote\ Email'\ command\ inserts\ a\ greater¡than\ symbol\ and\ a\ space\ at\ the\ beginning\ of\ each\ selected\ line,\ to\ indicate\ quoted\ material\ in\ email\ or\ news\ postings.\n\nSorting\nSort\ by\ ASCII\ Sequence\nThe\ `Sort\ by\ ASCII\ Sequence'\ command\ uses\ the\ Unix\ sort(1)\ command\ to\ sort\ the\ lines\ of\ the\ selection.\n\nSort\ Numerically\n`Sort\ Numerically'\ uses\ sort\ -n,\ which\ sorts\ by\ number\ rather\ than\ by\ ASCII\ character\ code.\n\nSort\ Alphabetically\n`Sort\ Alphabetically'\ uses\ sort\ -if,\ which\ ignores\ non¡alphabetic\ characters\ and\ doesn't\ distinguish\ between\ capitals\ and\ lowercase.\n\nFor\ input\ to\ sort(1),\ the\ selection\ should\ end\ in\ a\ newline.\n\nPipe\ Through...\nThe\ `Pipe\ Through...'\ command\ prompts\ you\ for\ a\ Unix\ command\ to\ be\ used\ as\ a\ filter\ on\ your\ selected\ text.\ \ (I.e.,\ the\ selected\ text\ is\ fed\ into\ the\ command\ as\ input,\ and\ the\ output\ of\ the\ command\ then\ replaces\ the\ selection.)\ \ For\ instance,\ you\ could\ sort\ the\ lines\ of\ the\ selected\ text\ in\ reverse\ order\ by\ piping\ them\ through\ the\ command\ sort\ -r.\n\nInsert\ Output\ of...\nThe\ `Insert\ Output\ of...'\ command\ prompts\ you\ for\ a\ Unix\ command,\ runs\ it,\ and\ inserts\ its\ output\ into\ your\ document\ at\ the\ insertion\ point.\ \ For\ instance,\ you\ could\ insert\ a\ listing\ of\ the\ files\ in\ the\ current\ directory\ by\ entering\ ls\ -lA.\ \ (This\ isn't\ really\ a\ filter,\ because\ it\ doesn't\ use\ the\ selection,\ but\ it\ didn't\ seem\ to\ deserve\ a\ whole\ new\ menu\ to\ itself.)\n\nAdding\ Your\ Own\ Filters\nIf\ you\ have\ your\ own\ filters\ you'd\ like\ to\ have\ available\ in\ the\ editor,\ you\ can\ add\ them\ to\ the\ `Filter'\ menu\ (or\ to\ the\ `User'\ menu,\ which\ is\ reserved\ for\ your\ additions)\ by\ creating\ a\ configuration\ file\ in\ your\ home\ directory\ with\ the\ appropriate\ Tcl\ code.\ \ For\ more\ information,\ see\ the\ section\ Customising\ the\ Editor.\n\nWorking\ with\ Multiple\ Windows\nYou\ can\ get\ jedit\ to\ display\ more\ than\ one\ window\ in\ one\ of\ two\ ways:\ by\ specifying\ more\ than\ one\ filename\ on\ the\ command\ line,\ or\ by\ choosing\ `New\ Window'\ from\ the\ `Editor'\ menu.\ \ Each\ window\ normally\ displays\ a\ separate\ document\;\ windows\ can\ be\ in\ different\ modes,\ and\ each\ window\ can\ have\ its\ own\ filename.\ \ Each\ window\ has\ its\ own\ menu.\n\nYou\ can\ copy\ and\ paste\ between\ windows\ belonging\ to\ the\ same\ copy\ of\ jedit\ with\ the\ `Cut',\ `Copy',\ and\ `Paste'\ commands.\ \ (You\ can\ only\ copy\ and\ paste\ between\ windows\ belonging\ to\ different\ copies\ of\ jedit,\ or\ between\ jedit\ and\ another\ application,\ by\ using\ the\ X\ selection.)\n\nCaveats\nThe\ support\ for\ multiple\ windows\ in\ jedit\ isn't\ completely\ seamless\ yet,\ and\ there\ are\ a\ few\ things\ you\ should\ be\ careful\ about:\n\n*\ It's\ possible\ to\ open\ the\ same\ file\ more\ than\ one\ time\ in\ the\ same\ copy\ of\ jedit\ (or,\ for\ that\ matter,\ in\ two\ different\ copies)\ but\ it\ is\ Strongly\ Not\ Recommended.\ \ It's\ easy\ to\ accidentally\ wipe\ out\ your\ work\ that\ way\;\ changes\ you\ make\ in\ one\ window\ won't\ be\ reflected\ in\ the\ other,\ and\ whichever\ version\ you\ save\ last\ wins.\n\n*\ Panels\ like\ the\ Find\ Panel\ and\ the\ Characters\ panel\ apply\ only\ to\ the\ window\ you\ started\ them\ from.\ \ If\ you\ open\ a\ Find\ Panel\ from\ within\ window\ A,\ and\ then\ click\ in\ window\ B\ and\ start\ typing,\ that\ Find\ Panel\ will\ still\ search\ only\ in\ window\ A.\ \ If\ you\ want\ to\ search\ in\ window\ B,\ you\ need\ to\ choose\ `Find...'\ again\ from\ within\ window\ B.\n\n*\ Command\ shortcuts\ apply\ to\ the\ window\ you're\ typing\ into.\ \ (Exactly\ what\ this\ means\ depends\ on\ which\ version\ of\ Tk\ you\ have\ installed\;\ in\ Tk\ 4.0\ and\ later,\ it's\ probably\ the\ window\ your\ mouse\ pointer\ is\ over\;\ in\ earlier\ versions\ it's\ probably\ the\ last\ window\ you\ were\ typing\ in.)\n\n*\ Menu\ commands,\ reasonably\ enough,\ apply\ to\ the\ window\ under\ the\ menubar\ you\ choose\ them\ from.\n\nPreferences\nThree\ different\ preference\ panels,\ available\ under\ the\ `Editor'\ menu,\ allow\ you\ to\ change\ the\ look¡and¡feel\ of\ the\ editor,\ and\ a\ little\ bit\ of\ its\ behaviour.\n\nThe\ Global\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ set\ preferences\ that\ apply\ to\ all\ the\ jstools\ applications\ (such\ as\ jbrowser\ and\ jdoc),\ and\ any\ other\ Tk\ applications\ that\ choose\ to\ honour\ them.\ \ The\ Editor\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ set\ preferences\ that\ only\ apply\ to\ the\ jedit\ application\ itself,\ but\ apply\ to\ all\ its\ modes.\ \ And\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ set\ preferences\ that\ only\ apply\ to\ the\ current\ mode.\n\nOn\ all\ three\ of\ the\ panels,\ clicking\ `Save'\ will\ save\ the\ currently¡displayed\ preferences,\ so\ they'll\ be\ used\ the\ next\ time\ you\ start\ up\ jedit,\ while\ clicking\ `Done'\ won't\ save\ them\ for\ future\ use,\ but\ will\ apply\ them\ to\ your\ current\ editing\ session.\n\nGlobal\ Preferences...\nThis\ command\ brings\ up\ the\ jstools\ Global\ Preferences\ panel.\ \ The\ most\ important\ global\ preferences\ for\ working\ with\ jedit\ are\ probably\ the\ binding\ preferences,\ which\ let\ you\ choose\ Emacs\ emulation,\ vi\ emulation,\ or\ neither,\ and\ determines\ whether\ selecting\ text\ and\ typing\ will\ delete\ the\ selected\ text\ (as\ it\ does\ in\ Windows,\ Macintosh,\ and\ Motif\ applications)\ or\ not..\n\nEditor\ Preferences...\nThe\ Editor\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ customise\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ big\ text\ area\ that\ contains\ your\ document.\ \ It\ lets\ you\ set\ the\ colours\ used\ to\ display\ your\ text,\ the\ width\ of\ the\ vertical\ line\ that\ marks\ the\ insertion\ point,\ the\ width\ of\ the\ raised\ border\ drawn\ around\ selected\ text,\ and\ the\ width\ of\ the\ blank\ border\ around\ the\ entire\ text\ window.\n\nIt\ also\ lets\ you\ select\ the\ amount\ of\ undo\ information,\ if\ any,\ that's\ kept.\ \ For\ more\ information\ about\ this,\ see\ the\ section\ Undo,\ Redo,\ and\ Checkpoint.\n\nThe\ buttons\ labelled\ `RGB'\ let\ you\ select\ a\ colour\ by\ manipulating\ sliders\ that\ represent\ the\ individual\ red,\ green,\ and\ blue\ components\ of\ the\ colour\ you're\ choosing.\ \ The\ buttons\ labelled\ `Name'\ let\ you\ select\ a\ colour\ by\ name,\ from\ the\ list\ of\ colours\ known\ on\ your\ system.\n\n(Note:\ If\ the\ name\ of\ the\ colour\ database\ on\ your\ system\ isn't\ /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt,\ then\ the\ `Name'\ colour\ buttons\ won't\ list\ all\ the\ colours\ available.)\n\nEditor\ preferences\ are\ saved\ in\ the\ file\ ~/.tk/jedit-defaults.\n\nMode¡Specific\ Preferences...\nThe\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel\ lets\ you\ set\ preferences\ for\ the\ current\ editting\ mode\ (i.e.,\ the\ current\ kind\ of\ file).\n\nOn\ the\ left\ of\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel\ is\ a\ column\ of\ checkbuttons\ that\ let\ you\ choose\ which\ menus\ are\ displayed\ in\ the\ current\ mode,\ and\ whether\ the\ buttonbar\ is\ displayed.\ \ On\ the\ right\ are\ controls\ for\ the\ other\ mode¡specific\ preferences.\n\nThe\ `Save/load\ highlighting\ and\ position'\ checkbox\ controls\ whether\ state\ information\ such\ as\ the\ position\ of\ the\ insertion\ point\ within\ a\ file,\ the\ current\ selection,\ and\ any\ other\ highlighting\ a\ particular\ mode\ may\ support\ are\ saved\ along\ with\ the\ text\ of\ a\ file.\ \ If\ this\ checkbox\ is\ selected,\ such\ information\ will\ be\ saved\ into\ a\ file\ called\ .state.filename\ in\ the\ same\ directory\ as\ filename,\ where\ filename\ is\ the\ name\ of\ the\ ordinary\ text\ file.\ \ (This\ checkbox\ controls\ the\ behaviour\ of\ the\ `Load...',\ `Save',\ and\ `Save\ As...'\ commands,\ but\ not\ the\ `Insert\ File'\ command.\ \ Also,\ not\ all\ editing\ modes\ may\ honour\ the\ state\ of\ this\ checkbox,\ and\ some\ that\ do\ may\ save\ state\ information\ in\ some\ other\ fashion..)\n\nIf\ `Break\ long\ lines\ with\ <Space>'\ is\ selected,\ then\ when\ you\ press\ the\ space\ bar\ near\ the\ end\ of\ a\ line\ of\ text\ (as\ displayed\ on\ the\ screen),\ the\ line\ will\ be\ broken\ by\ inserting\ a\ newline\ marker\ after\ the\ space.\ \ (The\ exact\ rules\ are\ that\ if\ you\ press\ the\ spacebar\ when\ the\ current\ line\ is\ longer\ than\ fifteen\ characters\ less\ than\ the\ width\ of\ the\ text\ window,\ as\ specified\ on\ the\ preferences\ panel,\ a\ space\ and\ a\ newline\ are\ inserted\;\ otherwise\ just\ the\ space\ is\ inserted.\ \ This\ doesn't\ work\ well\ with\ variable¡width\ fonts\ like\ Helvetica\ or\ New\ Century\ Schoolbook.)\n\nIf\ `Preserve\ indentation\ with\ <Return>\ is\ selected,\ then\ when\ you\ press\ the\ Return\ key,\ the\ indentation\ of\ the\ previous\ line\ (i.e.,\ any\ leading\ spaces\ and/or\ tabs)\ will\ be\ duplicated\ in\ the\ new\ line.\ \ This\ is\ useful,\ for\ instance,\ for\ editing\ program\ code.\n\nIf\ `Flash\ matching\ braces,\ brackets,\ and\ parentheses'\ is\ selected,\ then\ whenever\ you\ type\ a\ right\ curly\ brace\ (`\}'),\ square\ bracket\ (`\]'),\ or\ parenthesis\ (`)'),\ the\ corresponding\ left\ brace,\ bracket,\ or\ parenthesis\ is\ flashed\ briefly.\ \ You'll\ only\ be\ able\ to\ see\ this\ if\ the\ opening\ character\ is\ already\ visible\ on\ the\ screen.\ \ If\ there's\ no\ matching\ character,\ the\ entire\ window\ will\ flash\ to\ warn\ you.\n\n`Expand\ static\ abbreviations\ with\ <Space>'\ and\ `Expand\ dynamic\ abbreviations\ with\ <Tab>'\ control\ whether\ abbreviations\ are\ expanded\;\ for\ more\ information\ see\ the\ section\ Abbreviations\ below.\n\nThe\ following\ three\ radio\ buttons\ control\ how\ lines\ which\ are\ longer\ than\ the\ width\ of\ the\ window\ are\ displayed.\ \ They\ should\ be\ fairly\ self¡explanatory.\n\nThe\ `Font:'\ field\ lets\ you\ choose\ what\ font\ is\ used\ to\ display\ the\ file\ you're\ editing.\ \ You\ can\ type\ in\ an\ X\ font\ specification,\ or\ click\ the\ `Choose...'\ button\ to\ select\ a\ font\ visually\ using\ the\ xfontsel(1)\ application.\ \ (Use\ xfontsel's\ menus\ to\ choose\ a\ font\ based\ on\ its\ various\ attributes,\ such\ as\ size\ and\ weight,\ and\ click\ xfontsel's\ `Quit'\ button\ to\ enter\ the\ font\ you\ have\ chosen\ into\ the\ editor's\ `Font:'\ field.)\ \ You\ can\ click\ the\ `Default'\ button\ to\ set\ the\ font\ field\ to\ `default',\ which\ means\ to\ use\ the\ X\ default\ font\ (using\ the\ X\ default\ specification\ `Tk*Font:'),\ or\ 12¡point\ Courier\ if\ there\ is\ no\ X\ default.\ \ See\ the\ man\ page\ for\ the\ X\ server\ for\ more\ information\ about\ X\ font\ specifications\ and\ X\ defaults.\n\nThe\ `Width:'\ and\ `Height:'\ fields\ let\ you\ change\ the\ width\ (in\ characters)\ and\ height\ (in\ lines)\ of\ the\ editor.\n\nMode¡specific\ preferences\ are\ saved\ in\ the\ file\ ~/.tk/jeditmodes/mode-defaults,\ where\ mode\ is\ the\ current\ editing\ mode.\n\nThe\ Prefs\ Menu\nA\ `Prefs'\ menu\ is\ available\ which\ lets\ you\ set\ some\ of\ the\ mode¡specific\ preferences\ without\ having\ to\ bring\ up\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel.\ \ None\ of\ the\ provided\ editing\ modes\ (see\ Editing\ Modes)\ displays\ the\ `Prefs'\ menu\ by\ default,\ you\ have\ to\ ask\ for\ it\ to\ be\ displayed\ in\ a\ particular\ mode\ on\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel.\n\nThe\ preferences\ available\ on\ the\ `Prefs'\ menu\ are:\n\n*\ Save/load\ visual\ state\n*\ Break\ lines\ on\ <space>\n*\ Indent\ lines\ on\ <Return>\n*\ Don't\ wrap\ lines\n*\ Wrap\ lines\ anywhere\n*\ Wrap\ lines\ at\ words\n\nYou\ can\ also\ set\ some\ abbreviation¡related\ preferences\ using\ the\ `Abbrev'\ menu.\n\nThe\ Buttonbar\nBelow\ the\ menubar\ and\ above\ the\ main\ text\ area,\ a\ buttonbar\ is\ available.\ \ The\ buttonbar\ is\ intended\ to\ make\ the\ most\ frequently¡used\ operations\ available\ conveniently,\ and\ the\ particular\ buttons\ available\ vary\ depending\ what\ mode\ you're\ in.\ \ For\ instance,\ the\ mail-mode\ buttonbar\ provides\ a\ `Sign'\ button\ to\ sign\ your\ mail.\ \ The\ default\ buttonbar,\ used\ in\ plain\ mode\ and\ by\ any\ mode\ that\ doesn't\ have\ a\ mode¡specific\ buttonbar,\ provides\ `Print',\ `Load',\ `Save',\ and\ `Done'\ buttons,\ which\ do\ the\ same\ things\ as\ the\ corresponding\ menu\ commands.\n\nYou\ can\ turn\ off\ the\ buttonbar\ on\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel.\n\nAbbreviations\nThe\ editor\ supports\ two\ different\ models\ of\ abbreviation\ expansion:\ dynamic\ abbreviation\ and\ static\ abbreviation,\ inspired\ by\ Emacs'\ dabbrev-mode\ and\ abbrev-mode,\ respectively.\ \ Both\ are\ intended\ to\ save\ keystrokes\ by\ allowing\ you\ to\ type\ a\ short\ sequence\ of\ characters\ and\ have\ the\ editor\ expand\ it\ to\ an\ entire\ word.\ \ Both\ are\ enabled\ through\ entries\ on\ the\ `Abbrev'\ menu\ or\ through\ checkboxes\ on\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel\ (described\ under\ Preferences)\;\ \ there\ are\ also\ keyboard\ equivalents.\n\nDynamic\ Abbreviation\nIn\ dynamic\ abbreviation,\ you\ can\ type\ the\ beginning\ of\ a\ word\ you've\ used\ earlier\ in\ the\ text\ and\ press\ the\ Tab\ key.\ \ The\ editor\ will\ search\ backwards\ in\ the\ text\ and\ try\ to\ find\ a\ word\ that\ starts\ with\ the\ letters\ (and/or\ numbers)\ you've\ typed.\ \ If\ such\ a\ word\ is\ found,\ the\ word\ you're\ typing\ will\ be\ expanded\ to\ match\ (and\ a\ space\ will\ be\ inserted\ to\ end\ the\ word).\ \ If\ no\ matching\ word\ is\ found,\ nothing\ happens.\n\nIf\ you\ have\ dynamic\ abbrevs\ turned\ on\ and\ you\ want\ to\ insert\ an\ actual\ tab,\ you\ can\ type\ Control-I.\ \ (That's\ a\ capital\ letter\ i.)\n\nStatic\ Abbreviation\nIn\ static\ abbreviation,\ you\ maintain\ an\ explicit\ list\ of\ abbreviations\ and\ their\ expansions.\ \ When\ you\ press\ the\ space\ bar\ or\ one\ of\ a\ number\ of\ punctuation\ marks,\ the\ `word'\ before\ the\ insert\ point\ is\ examined\ to\ see\ if\ it\ matches\ a\ static\ abbreviation\ you've\ defined\;\ if\ so,\ the\ abbreviation\ is\ expanded.\n\nThe\ intention\ of\ static\ abbreviation\ is\ that\ you\ can\ type\ normally,\ except\ for\ using\ abbreviations\ for\ common\ or\ long\ words,\ and\ the\ abbreviations\ will\ be\ expanded\ for\ you\ as\ you\ type.\ \ With\ static\ abbreviations,\ the\ `abbreviation'\ doesn't\ necessarily\ have\ to\ have\ any\ similarity\ to\ its\ expansion\;\ you\ can\ make\ `qv'\ expand\ to\ `theology'\ if\ you\ like.\n\nThe\ Abbrev\ Menu\nToggling\ Abbreviation\ Modes\nThe\ first\ two\ items\ on\ the\ Abbrev\ menu,\ `Static\ Abbreviation'\ and\ `Dynamic\ Abbreviation',\ let\ you\ turn\ the\ two\ abbreviation\ modes\ on\ and\ off\ without\ bringing\ up\ the\ Preferences\ panel.\ \ You\ can\ also\ toggle\ dynamic\ abbreviation\ by\ typing\ Meta¡Tab,\ and\ static\ abbreviation\ by\ typing\ Meta¡Space.\ \ (However,\ if\ your\ window\ manager\ is\ mwm,\ Meta¡Space\ may\ be\ intercepted.\ \ You\ can\ change\ this\ in\ your\ .mwmrc\ file\;\ see\ the\ man\ page\ for\ mwm(1)\ for\ more\ information.)\n\nExplicitly\ Expanding\ Abbreviations\nThe\ `Expand\ Static\ Abbreviation'\ and\ `Expand\ Dynamic\ Abbreviation'\ commands\ try\ to\ expand\ the\ static\ or\ dynamic\ abbreviation\ before\ the\ insert\ point.\ \ This\ is\ useful\ if\ you\ don't\ have\ automatic\ abbreviation¡expansion\ turned\ on,\ but\ have\ an\ abbreviation\ for\ a\ long\ word\ or\ phrase\ you'd\ like\ to\ have\ expanded.\ \ You\ can\ also\ invoke\ these\ commands\ by\ typing\ Control¡Space\ and\ Control¡Tab.\n\nCreating\ and\ Editing\ Abbreviations\nThe\ `Edit\ Static\ Abbreviations'\ command\ runs\ the\ jabbrevs\ command,\ which\ lets\ you\ maintain\ your\ list\ of\ static\ abbreviations.\ \ (See\ the\ jabbrevs\ documentation\ for\ more\ information.)\ \ When\ you\ quit\ jabbrevs,\ jedit\ will\ re¡read\ your\ list\ of\ abbreviations.\ \ Your\ list\ of\ static\ abbreviations\ is\ stored\ in\ the\ file\ ~/.tk/abbrevs.tcl.\n\nRereading\ Abbreviations\nThe\ `Reread\ Static\ Abbreviations'\ command\ rescans\ the\ file\ ~/.tk/abbrevs.tcl\ and\ updates\ the\ editor's\ list\ of\ abbreviations.\ \ You\ need\ to\ do\ this\ after\ modifying\ this\ file,\ in\ order\ for\ them\ to\ take\ effect\ immediately.\ \ However,\ jedit\ does\ this\ for\ you\ automatically\ when\ you\ quit\ jabbrevs\ if\ you\ started\ it\ with\ the\ `Edit\ Static\ Abbreviations'\ command.\n\nHow\ Static\ Abbreviations\ Work\nA\ static\ abbreviation\ can\ consist\ of\ letters,\ numbers,\ and\ the\ apostrophe\ (').\ \ Its\ expansion\ can\ be\ any\ string.\ \ The\ apostrophe\ is\ treated\ a\ little\ differently\ in\ an\ abbreviation:\ it\ can\ form\ part\ of\ an\ abbreviation\ to\ be\ expanded,\ but\ when\ typed,\ it\ also\ triggers\ expansion\ of\ the\ preceding\ word.\ \ So\ a\ typed\ word\ that\ contains\ an\ apostrophe\ can\ trigger\ two\ expansions.\ \ For\ example,\ if\ you\ have\ abbreviations\ `q'\ for\ `and'\ and\ `and'n'\ for\ `question'\ and\ you\ type\ `q'n',\ it\ will\ (ultimately)\ expand\ to\ `question'.\n\nWhen\ creating\ static\ abbrevs,\ you\ may\ want\ to\ include\ noun\ plurals\ and\ other\ inflected\ forms\;\ if\ you\ have\ an\ abbrev\ for\ `professor',\ for\ instance,\ you\ may\ also\ want\ to\ have\ an\ abbrev\ for\ `professors'.\n\nCapitalisation\ of\ static\ abbreviations\ is\ handled\ specially:\ if\ you\ have\ an\ abbreviation\ which\ starts\ with\ two\ lowercase\ letters,\ and\ you\ type\ it\ with\ an\ initial\ capital,\ the\ corresponding\ expansion\ will\ be\ capitalised\ and\ inserted\ for\ you.\ \ This\ doesn't\ happen\ if\ the\ static\ abbreviation\ is\ only\ one\ letter\ long,\ or\ if\ the\ first\ two\ letters\ of\ the\ abbreviation\ are\ both\ capitalised,\ because\ often\ single\ capital\ letters\ or\ sequences\ of\ capital\ letters\ are\ intended\ to\ be\ written\ as\ abbreviations\ (as\ in\ \ I.W.W.,\ NATO,\ or\ Boston,\ MA).\ \ What\ this\ means\ is\ that\ if\ you\ have\ the\ abbreviations\ `c'\ for\ `can'\ and\ `cert'\ for\ `certainly'\ in\ your\ abbreviations\ list\ and\ you\ type\ `Cert',\ it'll\ be\ expanded\ to\ `Certainly'.\ \ If\ you\ just\ type\ `C',\ though,\ it\ won't\ be\ expanded\ to\ `Can'.\ \ However,\ if\ you\ want\ a\ single\ capital\ letter\ (or\ a\ capitalised\ word)\ to\ expand\ to\ something,\ you\ can\ always\ add\ it\ explicitly\ as\ a\ separate\ abbreviatiion.\n\nWorking\ with\ Fonts\ and\ Colours\nMany\ editing\ modes\ are\ designed\ to\ work\ with\ plain,\ unformatted\ text.\ \ Some,\ however,\ let\ you\ manipulate\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ text,\ so\ that\ you\ can\ use\ multiple\ fonts\ and\ colours\ and\ underlining.\ \ Modes\ that\ support\ such\ rich\ text\ provide\ a\ `Format'\ menu,\ with\ commands\ to\ set\ display\ attributes,\ and\ also\ commands\ to\ insert\ special\ characters\ and\ write\ your\ document\ out\ in\ various\ formats.\ \ (There\ are\ also\ keyboard\ shortcuts\ for\ some\ of\ the\ format\ commands.)\n\nSetting\ Display\ Attributes\nThe\ commands\ to\ set\ display\ attributes\ (font,\ colour,\ and\ underlining)\ control\ the\ appearance\ of\ text\ you\ subsequently\ type.\ \ However,\ if\ you've\ made\ a\ selection\ in\ the\ text\ (and\ if\ the\ insert\ point\ touches\ the\ selection,\ i.e.,\ if\ you\ haven't\ moved\ away\ from\ the\ selection\ since\ making\ it),\ they\ also\ change\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ selected\ text.\ \ So\ you\ can\ choose\ `Bold'\ to\ start\ typing\ in\ bold\ text,\ but\ you\ can\ also\ select\ a\ word\ or\ two\ and\ choose\ `Bold'\ to\ make\ it\ bold.\n\nUnlike\ most\ word\ processors,\ however,\ the\ font\ commands\ aren't\ toggles.\ \ So\ if\ you're\ typing\ in\ bold,\ you\ can't\ choose\ `Bold'\ to\ turn\ bold\ off\ and\ go\ back\ to\ typing\ in\ roman\;\ you\ have\ to\ explicitly\ choose\ `Roman'.\ \ Also,\ you\ can't\ choose\ `Bold'\ and\ then\ `Italic'\ to\ type\ in\ bold\ italic,\ you\ have\ to\ choose\ `Bold\ Italic'\ separately\ (as\ far\ as\ jedit\ is\ concerned,\ it's\ a\ completely\ different\ font.\ \ Also\ unlike\ most\ word\ processors,\ the\ font\ you\ choose\ is\ kept\ until\ you\ explicitly\ choose\ another,\ even\ if\ you\ move\ the\ cursor.\ \ So\ if\ you\ choose\ `Bold'\ and\ type\ a\ word\ or\ two\ in\ boldface\ at\ the\ end\ of\ your\ document,\ and\ then\ click\ in\ the\ middle\ of\ the\ paragraph\ above,\ you're\ still\ typing\ in\ bold.\ \ (The\ same\ applies\ to\ underlining\ and\ colours.)\n\nThe\ Format\ Menu\nRich\ Cut,\ Copy,\ and\ Paste\nThe\ `Rich\ Cut',\ `Rich\ Copy',\ and\ `Rich\ Paste'\ commands\ work\ analogously\ to\ the\ `Cut',\ `Copy',\ and\ `Paste'\ commands\ under\ the\ `Edit'\ menu,\ except\ that\ they\ preserve\ fonts,\ colours,\ and\ underlining,\ as\ well\ as\ the\ text\ itself.\ (Actually,\ what\ they\ preserve\ is\ text\ tags,\ described\ in\ the\ Tk\ text(1)\ manual\ page.)\n\nThe\ cutbuffer\ used\ by\ these\ commands\ is\ completely\ separate\ from\ the\ one\ used\ by\ the\ corresponding\ commands\ under\ the\ `Edit'\ menu.\ \ So\ `Rich\ Paste'\ will\ insert\ the\ last\ thing\ you\ saved\ with\ `Rich\ Copy'\ or\ `Rich\ Cut',\ even\ if\ you've\ used\ the\ plain\ `Copy'\ or\ `Cut'\ commands\ since\ then.\n\nThe\ `Rich\ Cut'\ and\ `Rich\ Copy'\ commands\ are\ fairly\ slow\;\ they\ should\ be\ fine\ for\ a\ couple\ of\ paragraphs,\ but\ may\ be\ painful\ for\ very\ long\ selections\ of\ text.\n\nThe\ Font\ Sub¡Menu\nThe\ `Font'\ sub¡menu\ contains\ commands\ to\ set\ and\ change\ the\ font\ of\ text\ you\ type\ (or\ text\ you've\ selected).\ \ The\ jstools\ libraries'\ notion\ of\ font\ in\ this\ context\ is\ fairly\ abstract\ -\ you\ don't\ get\ to\ choose\ between\ Courier\ Italic\ by\ IBM\ and\ Charter\ Bold\ by\ Bitstream,\ for\ instance,\ but\ only\ among\ broad\ categories\ like\ Bold\ and\ Typewriter\ font.\ \ Currently,\ the\ actual\ font\ used\ is\ hard¡coded\;\ I\ hope\ to\ change\ this\ in\ the\ future.\n\nThe\ font\ categories\ available\ are\ aimed\ at\ constructing\ documents\ like\ help\ files,\ which\ may\ contain\ example\ code\ and\ are\ divided\ up\ into\ sections\ and\ subsections.\ \ In\ addition\ to\ `Roman',\ `Italic',\ `Bold',\ and\ `Bold\ Italic',\ which\ are\ useful\ in\ normal\ text,\ a\ fixed¡pitch\ `Typewriter'\ font\ is\ available\ which\ may\ be\ useful\ for\ example\ code\ or\ commands,\ and\ six\ levels\ of\ headings\ are\ available\ which\ you\ can\ use\ to\ divide\ your\ document\ up\ into\ sections.\n\nA\ `Plain\ Font'\ command\ lets\ you\ cancel\ any\ font\ attributes\ (from\ the\ selection\ and\ from\ text\ you\ subsequently\ type)\;\ text\ without\ any\ font\ attributes\ will\ be\ displayed\ in\ whatever\ font\ you've\ chosen\ in\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel\ for\ the\ current\ mode\ (but\ it\ may\ still\ be\ displayed\ underlined\ or\ coloured).\ \ Generally,\ it's\ preferable\ just\ to\ use\ `Roman'.\n\nThe\ Background\ and\ Foreground\ Sub¡Menus\nThe\ `Background'\ sub¡menu\ includes\ the\ `Plain\ Background'\ command,\ which\ clears\ the\ background\ colour,\ as\ well\ as\ a\ selection\ of\ background\ colours.\ \ The\ `Foreground'\ menu\ has\ corresponding\ commands\ for\ setting\ the\ text\ colour.\n\nYou\ should\ be\ careful\ using\ colour\ in\ documents\ that\ you\ might\ share\ with\ other\ people.\ \ Putting\ a\ phrase\ in\ dark\ grey\ for\ emphasis\ may\ look\ fine\ on\ your\ screen\ (against\ your\ white\ background),\ but\ if\ somebody\ else\ has\ configured\ jedit\ to\ use\ a\ black\ background\ -\ or\ worse\ yet,\ dark\ grey\ -,\ it\ won't\ look\ so\ good.\ \ You\ can\ get\ around\ this\ by\ specifying\ both\ the\ background\ and\ foreground\ colours\;\ that\ at\ least\ guarantees\ that\ the\ text\ will\ be\ legible,\ although\ it\ may\ not\ mesh\ well\ next\ to\ somebody\ else's\ default\ colours.\ \ Moreover,\ blue\ text\ on\ a\ dark\ grey\ background\ may\ look\ fine\ on\ your\ colour\ screen,\ but\ might\ appear\ black¡on¡black\ on\ a\ monochrome\ screen.\n\nUnderline\nThe\ `Underline'\ command\ turns\ underlining\ on\ or\ off\ (unlike\ the\ font\ and\ colour\ commands,\ it\ is\ a\ toggle).\ \ A\ checkbox\ by\ the\ `Underline'\ command\ indicates\ the\ current\ state\ of\ underlining.\n\nType\ in\ Plain\nThe\ `Type\ in\ Plain'\ command\ cancels\ all\ display\ attributes\ for\ subsequent\ text\ you\ type.\ \ The\ text\ will\ be\ displayed\ with\ the\ font\ you've\ selected\ in\ the\ Mode¡Specific\ Preferences\ panel\ and\ the\ colours\ you've\ selected\ in\ the\ Editor\ Preferences\ panel.\ \ If\ you're\ working\ with\ multi¡font\ text\ (rather\ than,\ say,\ just\ using\ colour\ to\ highlight\ a\ phrase),\ it\ probably\ makes\ more\ sense\ to\ use\ the\ `Roman'\ font\ command\ and\ the\ `Plain\ Background'\ and\ `Plain\ Foreground'\ commands.\n\nThe\ Characters\ Sub¡Menu\nIn\ addition\ to\ a\ few\ commands\ to\ quickly\ insert\ commonly¡used\ characters,\ the\ `Characters'\ sub¡menu\ has\ a\ `Select\ Character...'\ command,\ which\ brings\ up\ a\ Characters\ panel\ which\ lets\ you\ insert\ any\ printable\ character\ into\ your\ document\ by\ clicking\ on\ it,\ even\ if\ you\ can't\ type\ it\ on\ your\ keyboard\ (or\ can't\ remember\ how\ to\ :-).\ \ You\ can\ leave\ the\ Characters\ panel\ up\ for\ the\ next\ time\ you\ need\ it\ while\ you\ go\ back\ to\ the\ main\ window\ and\ type,\ or\ you\ can\ click\ the\ `Done'\ button\ to\ close\ it.\n\nSaving\ Multi¡Font\ Text\ in\ Other\ Formats\nThe\ `Rich\ Save\ As...'\ command\ lets\ you\ write\ out\ your\ document\ in\ one\ of\ several\ formats.\ \ As\ of\ this\ writing,\ the\ formats\ supported\ include\ PostScript,\ TeX,\ HTML,\ and\ the\ Tcl¡based\ rich¡text\ format\ used\ by\ the\ jrichtext.tcl\ and\ jabout.tcl\ libraries.\ \ This\ process\ (currently)\ only\ saves\ font\ information,\ not\ underlining,\ colours,\ or\ other\ attributes.\ \ For\ more\ information,\ including\ tips\ for\ composing\ documents\ that\ will\ convert\ well,\ see\ Rich¡Text\ Format\ Conversions.\n\nPrinting\ Multi¡Font\ Text\nIf\ you\ have\ a\ PostScript\ printer\ available,\ you\ can\ print\ multi¡font\ text\ with\ the\ `Print\ PostScript'\ command.\ \ As\ with\ format\ conversion,\ this\ only\ preserves\ font\ changes,\ not\ underlining\ or\ colour.\ \ It\ asks\ you\ to\ confirm\ before\ printing.\n\nCustomising\ the\ Editor\njedit\ supports\ the\ standard\ jstools\ customisation\ mechanisms.\ \ You\ should\ consult\ the\ document\ Customising\ jstools\ Applications\ as\ well\ as\ the\ description\ below.\n\nThe\ ~/.tk/jeditrc.tcl\ startup\ script\nThe\ file\ ~/.tk/jeditrc.tcl\ can\ contain\ Tcl\ code\ to\ customise\ your\ editing\ environment.\ \ You\ can\ define\ a\ `User'\ menu\ in\ this\ file,\ or\ make\ other\ changes\ to\ the\ user\ interface.\ \ You\ can\ also\ define\ new\ procedures,\ and\ tie\ them\ into\ the\ user\ interface.\ \ For\ instance,\ you\ could\ create\ procedures\ to\ encrypt\ or\ decrypt\ your\ files.\n\nOne\ important\ thing\ you\ can\ change\ in\ your\ ~/.tk/jeditrc.tcl\ script\ is\ the\ FILE_MODES\ variable,\ which\ is\ a\ list\ of\ filename\ patterns\ and\ the\ corresponding\ modes\ to\ use.\ \ The\ editor\ consults\ this\ variable\ when\ it's\ deciding\ what\ mode\ to\ use\ for\ editing\ a\ particular\ file.\ \ Here's\ an\ example\ of\ adding\ filename\ -\ mode\ correspondences\ to\ the\ FILE_MODES\ variable:\n\n\tglobal\ FILE_MODES\n\tlappend\ FILE_MODES\ \\\n\t\ \ \{*.pl\ code\ \{Perl\ or\ Prolog\ source\}\}\ \\\n\t\ \ \{*.pbm\ bitmap\ \{Portable\ Bitmap\ files\}\}\ \\\n\t\ \ \{*.des\ des\ \{DES-encrypted\ files\}\}\n\n(This\ example\ assumes\ you've\ created\ new\ bitmap\ and\ des\ modes\ to\ deal\ with\ these\ kinds\ of\ files.)\n\nThere's\ also\ a\ LINE_MODES\ variable\ which\ is\ similar\ to\ FILE_MODES,\ but\ selects\ a\ mode\ based\ on\ the\ first\ line\ of\ a\ file.\ \ It's\ used\ if\ none\ of\ the\ patterns\ in\ FILE_MODES\ matches.\ \ Here's\ an\ example\ of\ adding\ line\ -\ mode\ correspondences\ to\ the\ LINE_MODES\ variable:\n\n\tglobal\ LINE_MODES\n\tset\ LINE_MODES\ \[concat\ \{\n\t\ \ \ \ \{%!*\ ps\ \{PostScript\ source\}\}\n\t\ \ \ \ \{#!*/bin/awk*\ awk\ \{awk\ script\}\}\]\n\t\ \ \}\ \$LINE_MODES\]\n\n(Again,\ this\ example\ assumes\ you've\ created\ approprate\ modes\ to\ handle\ PostScript\ and\ awk(1)\ files.)\n\nI\ hope\ to\ add\ a\ panel\ to\ let\ you\ set\ the\ correspondence\ between\ filenames\ or\ first¡line\ patterns\ and\ editing\ modes\ interactively\ in\ a\ future\ version.\n\nModes\nYou\ can\ create\ new\ editing\ modes\ by\ copying\ or\ creating\ Tcl\ files\ and\ defaults\ files\ that\ define\ them.\ \ New\ editing\ modes\ can\ be\ just\ for\ your\ own\ personal\ use,\ or\ they\ can\ be\ installed\ for\ everyone's\ use\ at\ a\ site.\ \ Also,\ you\ can\ copy\ the\ system¡wide\ files\ that\ define\ a\ particular\ editing\ mode,\ and\ modify\ them\ to\ your\ taste.\n\nCreating\ new\ editing\ modes\ and\ modifying\ existing\ ones\ are\ described\ in\ Programming\ with\ jedit.\n\nSample\ files\nIf\ jedit\ was\ installed\ properly\ at\ your\ site,\ the\ directory\ /usr/local/lib/tk/jedit/samples\ should\ contain\ some\ example\ files\ which\ you\ can\ copy,\ rename\ appropriately,\ and\ modify\ to\ your\ liking.\ \ (You\ may\ also\ find\ it\ useful\ to\ look\ at\ the\ jedit\ script\ itself,\ and\ for\ information\ about\ Tcl\ syntax\ you\ should\ consult\ the\ various\ Tcl\ and\ Tk\ man\ pages.)\n\nEditing\ Modes\nThe\ editor\ supports\ the\ notion\ of\ distinct\ editing\ modes\ for\ different\ types\ of\ file.\ \ There\ are\ a\ few\ modes\ distributed\ with\ the\ editor,\ and\ it's\ easy\ to\ create\ additional\ modes,\ or\ modify\ the\ existing\ ones.\ \ There's\ a\ list\ of\ available\ editing\ modes\ in\ Editing\ Modes\ Distributed\ with\ jedit.\n\nThe\ editor\ will\ behave\ differently\ depending\ on\ which\ mode\ it's\ in.\ \ For\ instance,\ an\ editing\ mode\ for\ C\ code\ might\ try\ to\ automatically\ change\ the\ indentation\ of\ each\ line\ based\ on\ the\ structure\ of\ the\ code,\ or\ a\ mode\ for\ TeX\ source\ might\ display\ TeX\ keywords\ in\ a\ different\ font\ from\ ordinary\ text.\ \ (Both\ of\ these\ modes\ are\ hypothetical.)\n\nIn\ the\ simplest\ case,\ two\ modes\ can\ differ\ only\ in\ the\ default\ values\ of\ certain\ mode¡specific\ preferences\ (which\ you\ can\ override\ for\ each\ mode\ as\ described\ under\ Preferences).\ \ For\ instance,\ a\ mode\ for\ editing\ plain\ natural¡language\ text\ probably\ would\ not\ have\ automatic\ indentation\ set\ on\ by\ default,\ but\ a\ mode\ for\ editing\ program\ code\ probably\ would.\ \ At\ the\ other\ extreme,\ the\ rich¡text\ documentation\ editing\ mode\ distributed\ with\ the\ editor\ (jdoc-mode)\ modifies\ the\ editor's\ behaviour\ extensively,\ changing\ the\ way\ files\ are\ saved,\ loaded,\ and\ displayed,\ and\ providing\ commands\ that\ let\ you\ manupulate\ text\ with\ hypertext\ links.\n\nYou\ can\ force\ the\ editor\ to\ use\ a\ particular\ mode\ by\ specifying\ `-mode\ modename'\ on\ the\ command\ line.\ \ Unless\ you\ do,\ though,\ the\ editor\ will\ try\ to\ choose\ an\ appropriate\ mode\ itself.\ \ The\ mode\ is\ set\ before\ the\ file\ is\ read\ in.\n\nTo\ choose\ an\ editing\ mode\ for\ a\ file,\ the\ editor\ first\ tries\ to\ match\ the\ filename\ against\ a\ list\ of\ patterns.\ \ If\ a\ match\ is\ found,\ it\ uses\ a\ corresponding\ mode.\ \ If\ no\ match\ is\ found,\ then\ the\ editor\ reads\ in\ the\ first\ the\ first\ line\ or\ so\ of\ the\ file\ and\ tries\ to\ match\ it\ against\ another\ list\ of\ patterns\ and\ modes.\ \ (This\ is\ mainly\ for\ the\ benefit\ of\ scripts\ using\ the\ Unix\ `#!interpreter_path'\ syntax,\ so\ you\ can\ distinguish\ between\ wish(1)\ scripts\ and\ csh(1)\ scripts,\ for\ instance.)\ \ If\ no\ match\ is\ found,\ the\ built¡in\ plain\ mode\ is\ used.\n\nYou\ can\ change\ the\ correspondence\ between\ filenames\ (or\ initial\ string)\ and\ modes\ by\ setting\ or\ adding\ to\ the\ FILE_MODES\ or\ LINE_MODES\ variables\ in\ your\ ~/.tk/jeditrc.tcl\ file,\ as\ described\ under\ Customising\ the\ Editor.\ \ Note\ that\ if\ you\ want\ to\ override\ built¡correspondences\ (rather\ than\ add\ an\ entirely\ new\ pattern),\ you'll\ need\ to\ make\ sure\ you\ add\ to\ the\ beginning\ of\ these\ lists\ rather\ than\ the\ end.\n\nThe\ filename\ correspondences\ currently\ built\ into\ the\ editor\ are\ as\ follows:\n\n\ \ \ \ *.c\t\t\tcode\t\tC\ source\n\ \ \ \ *.f\t\t\tcode\t\tFortran\ source\n\ \ \ \ *.h\t\t\tcode\t\tC\ header\ files\n\ \ \ \ *.jdoc\t\tjdoc\t\tdocument\ for\ jdoc\ app.\n\ \ \ \ *.jrt\t\trichtext\trich-text\ w/fonts\ et\ al.\n\ \ \ \ *.p\t\t\tcode\t\tPascal\ source\n\ \ \ \ *.sh\t\tcode\t\tBourne\ shell\ script\n\ \ \ \ *.shar\t\tcode\t\tBourne\ shell\ archive\n\ \ \ \ *.tcl\t\ttcl\t\tTcl\ scripts\n\ \ \ \ *.tk\t\ttcl\t\tTk/Tcl\ scripts\n\ \ \ \ *.exp\t\ttcl\t\tExpect\ scripts\n\ \ \ \ */.letter\t\tmail\t\tMail\ from\ tin\n\ \ \ \ .letter\t\tmail\t\tMail\ from\ tin\n\ \ \ \ */.\[a-zA-Z\]*\tcode\t\t~/.login,\ etc.\n\ \ \ \ .\[a-zA-Z\]*\t\tcode\t\t.login,\ etc.\n\ \ \ \ */draft*/\[0-9\]*\tmh\t\tMH,\ exmh,\ xmh,\ etc.\n\ \ \ \ */tmp/snd.\[0-9\]*\tmail\t\telm\n\ \ \ \ */tmp/R*\[0-9\]\tmail\t\tUCB\ Mail\n\ \ \ \ *.note\t\tnote\t\tshort\ multi-font\ note\n\n(The\ latter\ is\ no\ longer\ recommended\;\ I\ suggest\ using\ richtext\ mode\ instead.)\n\nThe\ first¡line\ patterns\ used\ if\ none\ of\ the\ filename\ patterns\ match\ are:\n\n\ \ \ \ %!*\t\t\tcode\t\tPostScript\ file\n\ \ \ \ \{#!*/wish*\}\t\ttcl\t\tTk/Tcl\ scripts\n\ \ \ \ \{#!*/tclsh*\}\ttcl\t\tTcl\ scripts\n\ \ \ \ \{#!*/expect*\}\ttcl\t\tExpect\ or\ Expectk\ scripts\n\ \ \ \ #!*\t\t\tcode\t\texecutable\ script\n\nEvolution\nFeel\ free\ to\ report\ bugs\ (and\ feature\ requests)\ to\ me,\ <[e-mail]>,\ and\ I\ will\ try\ to\ deal\ with\ them.\ \ Also,\ feel\ free\ to\ fix\ bugs\ or\ add\ features\ on\ your\ own\ and\ let\ me\ know\ how\ you\ did\ it.\n\nBugs\ and\ Misfeatures\n*\ The\ Find\ panel\ interacts\ strangely\ with\ multiple\ windows.\ \ It\ only\ searches\ in\ the\ window\ you\ started\ it\ from\;\ you\ might\ expect\ it\ to\ search\ in\ whatever\ window\ you\ were\ typing\ in\ most\ recently.\n\n*\ Using\ multiple\ fonts,\ colours,\ or\ underlining\ is\ clumsy.\ \ The\ command¡key\ equivalents\ for\ selecting\ display\ attributes\ don't\ toggle\ the\ way\ they\ typically\ do\ in\ word¡processors,\ and\ the\ way\ the\ selection\ is\ used\ may\ be\ confusing.\n\n*\ The\ mode¡selection\ dialogue\ should\ let\ you\ choose\ a\ mode\ from\ a\ list,\ since\ it's\ a\ constrained\ set.\n\n*\ The\ `Note'\ window\ grabs\ the\ focus,\ which\ is\ inappropriate\ since\ it's\ not\ modal.\n\n*\ The\ `Find'\ and\ `Note'\ panels\ are\ likely\ to\ be\ in\ your\ way.\n\n*\ When\ piping\ text\ through\ a\ command,\ handling\ of\ trailing\ newlines\ is\ inconsistent\ and\ arbitrary.\n\n*\ Vertical\ motion\ with\ the\ cursor\ keys\ doesn't\ work\ with\ lines\ that\ contain\ tabs.\n\n*\ The\ text\ bindings\ configuration\ file\ should\ be\ in\ the\ ~/.tk\ directory,\ like\ all\ the\ other\ configuration\ files.\n\n*\ The\ undo\ mechanism\ is\ clumsy,\ inefficient,\ and\ incomplete.\n\nFuture\ Directions\n*\ I\ want\ to\ add\ support\ for\ gesture\ commands\ and/or\ popup\ menus\ on\ the\ right\ mouse\ button.\ \ (Yes,\ I\ know,\ I've\ been\ saying\ that\ for\ ages...\ :-)\n\n*\ The\ mechanisms\ for\ typing\ rich\ text\ desperately\ needs\ to\ be\ made\ more\ intuitive.\n\n*\ I'd\ like\ to\ create\ a\ special\ panels\ to\ deal\ with\ the\ correspondence\ between\ filename\ patterns\ and\ editing\ modes.\n\n*\ I\ intend\ to\ add\ command¡line\ flags\ to\ select\ different\ intialisation\ and\ preference\ files.\ \ (This\ is\ less\ important\ now\ that\ I\ have\ support\ for\ multiple\ modes.)\n\n*\ I\ hope\ to\ add\ a\ generalised\ undo\ facility\;\ several\ people\ have\ asked\ for\ that.\ \ This\ essentially\ requires\ wrapping\ all\ the\ commands\ that\ modify\ the\ text\ in\ a\ journalling\ mechanism\;\ it\ will\ be\ done\ in\ jtext.tcl.\ \ (The\ jstools\ applications\ and\ libraries\ use\ jtext.tcl\ exclusively\ to\ modify\ text\ widgets\;\ except\ for\ jtext.tcl\ itself,\ they\ don't\ use\ the\ text\ widget\ commands\ directly\ in\ ways\ that\ would\ modify\ the\ text.)\ \ The\ current\ undo\ facility\ is\ inadequate.\n\n*\ Instead\ of\ separate\ rich\ and\ plain\ `Cut',\ `Copy',\ and\ `Paste'\ commands,\ I\ want\ to\ generalise\ the\ regular\ commands\ on\ the\ `Edit'\ menu\ so\ they\ can\ handle\ rich\ text,\ and\ put\ a\ checkbutton\ on\ the\ `Format'\ menu\ that\ controls\ whether\ they\ copy\ tags\ or\ not.\ \ There\ should\ also\ be\ a\ way\ to\ copy\ just\ the\ tags\ in\ effect\ at\ a\ particular\ place\ and\ apply\ them\ to\ another\ range\ of\ text.\n\n*\ Instead\ of\ several\ sorting\ commands,\ there\ should\ be\ a\ sort\ panel\ with\ sorting\ options.\n\n*\ I\ hope\ to\ extend\ the\ provided\ modes,\ and\ work\ on\ creating\ more.\ \ I\ want\ to\ split\ the\ code\ mode\ into\ various\ modes\ which\ know\ a\ little\ bit\ about\ the\ syntax\ of\ various\ languages.\n\nChanges\ since\ Version\ 3.6/2.0\nThe\ following\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ since\ version\ 3.6/2.0\ of\ jedit:\n\n*\ A\ lot\ of\ code\ has\ been\ reorganised\ and\ moved.\n\n*\ The\ editor\ now\ supports\ multiple\ windows.\ \ This\ has\ required\ changes\ at\ many\ places\ in\ the\ code,\ and\ some\ new\ commands.\n\n*\ The\ editor\ can\ now\ be\ embedded\ easily\ in\ other\ Tk¡based\ applications.\n\n*\ Support\ for\ multiple\ display\ attributes\ (fonts,\ underlining,\ colours)\ has\ been\ rolled\ into\ the\ editor.\ \ It\ was\ previously\ provided\ ad¡hoc\ by\ a\ couple\ of\ the\ editing\ modes.\ \ Most\ of\ it\ is\ now\ in\ libraries\ that\ can\ be\ used\ by\ other\ applications.\ \ The\ `Format'\ menu\ has\ been\ added\ to\ support\ this.\n\n*\ You\ can\ now\ choose\ per¡mode\ which\ menus\ you\ want\ displayed.\ \ (You\ can\ also\ choose\ whether\ you\ want\ the\ buttonbar\ displayed.)\n\n*\ The\ mechanism\ for\ using\ a\ mode\ has\ changed\ a\ bit,\ which\ means\ that\ old\ code\ implementing\ modes\ needs\ to\ change.\ \ A\ mode\ file\ now\ just\ defines\ some\ (at\ least\ one)\ procedures,\ including\ mode:mode:init,\ where\ mode\ is\ the\ name\ of\ the\ mode.\n\n*\ A\ number\ of\ modes\ have\ been\ added,\ including\ exmh-mode,\ jdoc-mode,\ tcl-mode,\ and\ richtext-mode.\n\n*\ Support\ for\ a\ buttonbar\ below\ the\ menubar\ has\ been\ added.\n\n*\ The\ ability\ to\ flash\ matching\ parentheses,\ braces,\ and\ brackets\ is\ new.\n\n*\ The\ optional\ `Prefs'\ menu\ is\ new.\n\n*\ The\ `Pipe'\ menu\ has\ been\ renamed\ `Filter'.\n\n*\ vi\ bindings\ have\ been\ improved\ (in\ the\ libraries).\n\n*\ The\ mouse\ bindings\ library\ has\ been\ improved\ so\ a\ click\ is\ less\ likely\ to\ be\ interpreted\ as\ a\ drag\;\ this\ makes\ it\ easier\ to\ paste\ with\ the\ middle\ mouse\ button\ and\ to\ move\ the\ insert\ point\ with\ the\ left\ mouse\ button.\n\nChanges\ since\ Version\ 3.2/1.0\nThe\ following\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ since\ version\ 3.2/1.0\ of\ edit.tk:\n\n*\ The\ name\ has\ been\ changed\ to\ jedit,\ to\ avoid\ having\ a\ period\ in\ the\ X\ application\ name\ and\ to\ avoid\ potential\ conflict\ with\ other\ applications.\n\n*\ A\ lot\ of\ code\ has\ been\ reorganised\ and\ moved.\ \ A\ number\ of\ the\ library\ and\ editor\ procedures\ have\ incompatible\ interface\ changes.\ \ A\ lot\ of\ things\ have\ been\ generalised\ and\ moved\ from\ the\ editor\ into\ the\ libraries.\ \ There\ are\ now\ four\ libraries\ used:\ jlibrary.tcl,\ jabout.tcl,\ jrichtext.tcl,\ and\ jbindings.tcl.\n\n*\ Support\ for\ distinct\ editing\ modes\ based\ on\ file\ type\ has\ been\ added,\ inspired\ by\ GNU\ Emacs.\ \ (The\ provided\ modes\ are\ fairly\ rudimentary\ at\ this\ stage.)\n\n*\ Text\ (and\ entry)\ bindings\ have\ been\ reorganised.\ \ The\ Emacs\ bindings\ have\ been\ pretty\ thoroughly\ redone,\ and\ are\ now\ in\ a\ library\ (jbindings.tcl)\ rather\ than\ just\ a\ sample\ .textbindings.tcl\ file.\ \ Text\ bindings\ are\ controlled\ by\ a\ preferences\ option.\n\n*\ The\ preferences\ panel\ has\ been\ split\ into\ three\ separate\ panels\ (one\ controlling\ values\ shared\ with\ the\ other\ jstools\ applications),\ and\ a\ lot\ of\ new\ preferences\ have\ been\ added.\n\n*\ A\ limited\ undo\ mechanism\ has\ been\ added.\n\n*\ Static\ abbreviations\ can\ now\ be\ capitalised,\ with\ some\ limits.\n\n*\ A\ number\ of\ hooks\ have\ been\ added\ in\ various\ places\ for\ the\ use\ of\ editing\ modes.\n\n*\ Very\ rudimentary\ support\ for\ tagged\ text\ is\ available\ in\ the\ form\ of\ the\ `Rich\ Load...'\ and\ `Rich\ Save'\ commands.\ \ This\ is\ definitely\ going\ to\ change.\n\n*\ `Replace\ All'\ has\ been\ added\ to\ the\ Find\ panel.\n\n*\ The\ `Issue\ Unix\ Command...'\ command\ is\ new.\n\nChanges\ since\ Version\ 0.9\nThe\ following\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ since\ version\ 0.9\ of\ edit.tk:\n\n*\ A\ number\ of\ the\ procedures\ shared\ in\ common\ by\ edit.tk\ and\ browser.tk\ have\ been\ combined\ into\ the\ library\ jlibrary.tcl,\ and\ some\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ to\ them.\ \ In\ particular,\ the\ file¡selection\ dialogue\ box\ has\ been\ vastly\ changed.\ \ Auto¡positioning\ of\ dialogue\ boxes\ has\ also\ been\ improved.\n\nThe\ names\ of\ these\ procedures\ have\ all\ changed,\ and\ this\ may\ require\ changes\ in\ your\ ~/.tk/edittkrc.tcl\ configuration\ file.\n\nThis\ library\ file\ can\ either\ be\ located\ in\ the\ standard\ system¡wide\ Tk\ library\ directory\ or\ in\ the\ user's\ .tk\ directory\ (for\ the\ convenience\ of\ people\ who\ don't\ have\ write\ permission\ in\ their\ system¡wide\ Tk\ library\ directory,\ or\ who\ wish\ to\ customise\ the\ shared\ library\ procedures).\n\n*\ The\ `Checkpoint'\ and\ `Revert\ to\ Checkpoint'\ commands\ are\ new.\ \ They\ will\ be\ eliminated\ when\ (or\ if)\ I\ implement\ a\ general\ undo\ command.\ \ \n\n*\ Support\ for\ dynamic\ and\ static\ abbreviations\ has\ been\ added.\n\n*\ A\ number\ of\ options\ have\ been\ added\ to\ the\ Preferences\ panel.\n\n*\ The\ find\ panel\ has\ been\ overhauled,\ and\ the\ `Find\ Again'\ command\ has\ been\ added.\n\n*\ Other\ new\ commands\ have\ been\ added:\ `Insert\ Output\ of...'\ and\ `Issue\ Tcl\ Command...'.\n\n*\ The\ supplied\ Emacs¡style\ .tk/textbindings.tcl\ key\ bindings\ have\ been\ improved.\ \ In\ particular,\ some\ of\ the\ Emacs¡style\ bindings\ now\ apply\ to\ Entry\ widgets\ like\ that\ in\ the\ file¡selection\ panel.\n\n*\ When\ the\ selection\ is\ piped\ through\ a\ filter,\ the\ resulting\ text\ is\ selected,\ so\ that\ further\ filters\ can\ be\ applied\ to\ it.\n\n*\ The\ `Unindent'\ command\ has\ become\ `Unindent/Unquote'\;\ it\ now\ removes\ some\ styles\ of\ email\ quoting.\n\n*\ Minor\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ to\ the\ way\ prompting\ for\ input\ works.\n\n*\ Some\ new\ keyboard\ equivalents\ have\ been\ added.\n\nChanges\ since\ Version\ 0.8\nThe\ following\ changes\ have\ been\ made\ since\ version\ 0.8\ of\ edit.tk:\n\n*\ edit.tk\ now\ works\ under\ versions\ 3.0\ through\ 3.2\ (and\ possibly\ beyond)\ of\ Tk.\n\n*\ The\ main\ configuration\ file\ edittkrc.tcl\ must\ now\ be\ in\ the\ directory\ .tk\ in\ your\ home\ directory\;\ it\ can\ no\ longer\ be\ in\ the\ top\ level\ of\ your\ home\ directory.\ \ (And\ edittkrc.tcl\ can't\ start\ with\ a\ period,\ while\ the\ .tk\ directory\ has\ to.)\n\n*\ There\ is\ now\ a\ rudimentary\ preferences\ panel.\ \ See\ the\ description\ of\ the\ `Preferences...'\ command\ under\ The\ Editor\ Menu\ for\ more\ information.\n\n*\ The\ `About\ the\ Author'\ box\ has\ been\ updated.\n\n*\ The\ `Pipe\ Through...'\ command\ is\ new.\n {{{jdoc:xref:link {4.108 4.115 8.32 8.50 8.176 8.234 10.111 10.148 10.152 10.174 14.0 14.33 14.50 14.75 24.117 24.124 33.160 33.165 35.379 35.392 37.227 37.236 43.58 43.62 51.60 51.71 54.167 54.180 71.222 71.258 74.125 74.161 79.69 79.78 79.161 79.173 86.50 86.75 86.245 86.256 89.114 89.121 91.18 91.30 91.471 91.482 101.323 101.353 103.35 103.59 109.182 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