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- Background information: processor cores
-
- One of the semiconductor industry's most important trends in
- recent years has been the growing number of applications that
- require high performance digital processing capabilities within
- the cost structures of the consumer market. Set-top boxes (STB),
- mobile telephones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and in-car
- GPS (Global Positioning by Satellite) systems, for example, all
- need high computational performance combined with competitive
- pricing, fast time-to-market and maximum product differentiation.
-
- To meet these needs, SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics offers a very
- flexible approach to product design based on a library of
- powerful and proven macrocells supported by software tools, debug
- tools and models. The macrocell library includes a variety of
- high performance CISC, RISC and DSP processor cores that can be
- combined with memory blocks, peripherals and glue logic in a
- single chip that is optimised for the specific application.
-
- The core approach offers a number of significant benefits in high
- volume applications. These include:
-
- - architectural flexibility, thanks to the availability
- of different kinds of cores and a wide range of
- peripheral functions;
-
- - high integration levels, as the cores are embedded
- using high density structured array technology;
-
- - cost effective implementation, as the customer pays
- only for the functions he needs;
-
- - design confidentiality;
-
- - fast time-to-market as the cores are already fully
- tested and debugged and are supported by familiar
- development tools;
-
- - fast response to changing market conditions, as
- features can be added or changed by reprogramming the
- on-chip processor.
-
- Currently, SGS-THOMSON offers 16-bit and 32-bit microcontroller
- cores, a 486DX core, and a 16-bit DSP core; other cores are in
- development. The cores, tools and models available to customers
- are the same ones that SGS-THOMSON uses for standard products, so
- that customers can be confident that both the methodology and the
- cores have been proven in high volume applications. Moreover,
- because SGS-THOMSON's CMOS and BiCMOS technologies form a
- compatible family, it will be possible to integrate functions
- such as flash memory and data converters on the same chip as the
- micro cores and to re-use successful designs.
-
- The ST20 core family
- With 32-bit micros now being designed into a whole range of
- computer peripherals such as hard disk drives and laser beam
- printers as well as into everyday consumer appliances such as
- digital cellular telephone handsets and digital satellite
- receivers, SGS-THOMSON has planned the ST20 range as a
- future-proof family of compatible micro cores designed for
- applications ranging from deeply embedded low cost systems to
- high performance applications requiring DSP type performance. The
- development of a family of cores enables the user to match the
- ST20 micro core to the system requirements for performance,
- functionality, price and power. Initially implemented in 0.5um
- CMOS technology, the ST20 cores will port automatically to 0.35um
- and subsequent technology generations for even higher speeds,
- smaller die sizes and larger memory capacities.
-
- The first member of the ST20 family is the ST20C4, a high
- performance (40 MIPS at 50MHz) 32-bit RISC core featuring an
- integral hardware Micro Kernel with multi-priority process
- scheduling, trap/exception handling, I/O, DMA, interrupt and
- timer support and fast context switching (500ns at 50MHz).
- Engineered for high performance, the C4 core has already been
- used by SGS-THOMSON in successful custom designs for ATM, GPS and
- Set Top Box applications. The use of variable length instructions
- leads to superior code density, a key advantage for embedded
- applications.
-
- The D950-CORE DSP core
- Like the microprocessor market, the DSP market began with
- stand-alone processors that were connected to external memories
- and peripherals but the emphasis has now shifted strongly to
- embedded DSP. With around 90% of current DSP applications
- requiring 16-bit, fixed-point operation, SGS-THOMSON's
- 40MIPS/25ns D950-CORE is suitable for almost all high volume
- DSP-based products.
-
- A key feature of the D950-CORE is the high degree of internal
- parallelism; with three parallel execution units, the D950-CORE
- can access three different memory locations per instruction cycle
- and thus perform simultaneously numerous functions that require
- several sequential machine cycles with other processors. Other
- key features include a bit manipulation unit (allowing the D950
- to handle MCU processing via dedicated instructions) and a
- co-processor interface that allows the D950-CORE to be linked to
- dedicated co-processors e.g. a Viterbi co-processor in a GSM
- application. It also includes support for floating point
- processing (rounding, normalization) as well as for
- multiprecision operation (dedicated instructions). An Emulation
- and Test Unit (ETU) - fully IEEE 1149.1/JTAG compatible - is also
- included on the core for test and emulation purposes. Software
- support includes a Crash-Barrier chain (assembler, linker,
- simulator, debugger), a GNU chain (assembler, linker, simulator,
- C compiler, C debugger) and a VHDL model (Synopsys & Mentor).
-
- The combination of low cost (small die size, low power
- consumption, state-of-the-art 8" fab), high performance (40 MIPS,
- coprocessor interface), ease of use and fast time-to-market makes
- the D950-CORE ideal for a wide range of applications in the
- computer, telecom and consumer markets. Examples include mobile
- phones, telephone answering machines, fax machines, modems, disk
- drives, video conferencing systems and speech, sound, music and
- other multimedia functions.
-
- 16-bit MCU core
- The C16X-CORE is a 16-bit processor core that combines the best
- features of the CISC and RISC philosophies. Its performance
- (10MIPS today and soon to become 25MIPS in 0.5u HCMOS5
- technology) is competitive with some 32-bit CISC machines, making
- it suitable for demanding applications such as engine management
- and ABS systems. This is the core that SGS-THOMSON uses in its
- ST10 range of 16-bit single-chip microcontrollers, which includes
- devices such as the ST10F166 with on-chip flash memory.
-
- Again, the core is fully supported by advanced development tools,
- including Real Time ICE, FLASH programming board, Real Time
- Operating System and a Synopsys VHDL model.
-
- ST486DX cores
- In addition to offering a full range of standard 486
- microprocessors, SGS-THOMSON has a version of the standard
- ST486DX CPU available as a core that can be combined with memory
- and peripheral functions to form superintegrated devices in
- applications such as Set Top Boxes, portable games, PDAs and
- palmtop computers.
-
- According to industry analysts Dataquest, the market for embedded
- 486 processors will reach 1.6 million units in 1996 and 5 million
- units in 1997. SGS-THOMSON is well placed to serve this emerging
- market with its advanced designs, leading edge technology and
- 8-inch manufacturing lines in Crolles, France, and Phoenix, USA.
-
- Towards the Single-Chip System
- SGS-THOMSON's processor cores form part of a complete package
- that offers customers the possibility of achieving
- ever-increasing levels of system integration. The package
- includes a strong product portfolio (including not only the cores
- themselves but also the CBxxxx standard cell and ISBxxxx Sea of
- Gates libraries), CAD support, a strong technology base with a
- clear roadmap for single chip integration in deep submicron
- digital and mixed-signal processes, and highly efficient global
- manufacturing facilities, including two operational 8-inch fabs.
-
- As the electronics industry moves towards its goal of single-chip
- systems, customers will require an increasing range of powerful,
- well proven cores. SGS-THOMSON has the resources and the vision
- to meet this need.
-
-
- B220P
- February 1996
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- For further information, please contact :
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