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User's Manual for EEEEEEEEEEEE DDDDD DDDDD YYY YYY EEEEEEEEEEEE DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD YYY YYY EEEEEEEEEEEE DD DD DD DD YYY YYY EE DD DD DD DD YYY YYY EEEEEEEE DD DD DD DD YYYYYYY EEEEEEEE DD DD DD DD YYYYY EE DD DD DD DD YYY EEEEEEEEEEEE DD DDD DD DDD YYY EEEEEEEEEEEE DDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDD YYY EEEEEEEEEEEE DDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDD YYYYY EDit DirectorY TWGDU! * @ NOTE: A "@" in the first column of a line (as these lines have) means @ there has been something added or changed since the last release (a @ paradox after release 8a). +-------------------------------+ | EDDY (TM) | | File and Directory Editor | | Copyright (C) 1987-1995 | | by John Scofield | | All rights reserved | | Compuserve: 70162,2357 | +-------------------------------+ _______ ____|__ | (R) --| | |------------------- | ____|__ | Association of | | |_| Shareware |__| o | Professionals -----| | |--------------------- |___|___| MEMBER * (The World's Greatest Disk Utility!) EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page i +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ DEDICATION EDDY is dedicated to the memory of Dean W. Anschultz, a good friend and a GOOD man, in every sense of the word. His ideas, encouragement, and uncanny abilities as beta-tester have been the major driving forces for the continuing development and improvement of EDDY. Dean, you are missed. R.I.P. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page ii DISCLAIMER - PLEASE READ CAREFULLY! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ BY USING THIS PROGRAM, EDDY ("THE SOFTWARE"), WRITTEN BY JOHN SCOFIELD ("THE AUTHOR") YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS: THE SOFTWARE AND ITS ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTATION ARE SUPPLIED "AS-IS", WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. THE AUTHOR EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES RELATING TO THE SOFTWARE, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF QUALITY, PER- FORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR ANYONE ELSE WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN THE DELIVERY OF THE SOFTWARE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, IN- DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY NATURE CAUSED TO ANY PERSON OR PROPERTY AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR HAS BEEN SPECIFICALLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR CLAIMS. THE AUTHOR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY COSTS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE INCURRED AS A RESULT OF LOST PROFITS OR REVENUE, LOSS OF USE OF THE SOFTWARE, LOSS OF DATA, THE COSTS OF RECOVERING ANY SOFTWARE OR DATA, OR THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR'S LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES TO YOU OR ANY OTHER PARTY EVER EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE LICENSE TO USE THE SOFTWARE, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE CLAIM. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction to EDDY ............................................ 1-1 1.1 Hardware Requirements ....................................... 1-1 1.2 Installation ................................................ 1-2 1.2.1 INSTALLATION IS NOW COMPLETE! ......................... 1-2 1.2.2 Un-Installation ....................................... 1-2 1.2.3 Printing the Manual (this file) ....................... 1-2 a. Page Format .......................................... 1-2 b. Using A4 Paper ....................................... 1-2 1.3 Using EDDY With Windows ..................................... 1-3 1.4 EDDY's Display .............................................. 1-4 1.5 What You See Is What You Edit (WYSIWYE?) .................... 1-6 1.5.1 Working and Target Directory .......................... 1-6 1.5.2 Sequence & Sorting .................................... 1-7 1.5.3 Number of Files ....................................... 1-8 1.5.4 File Sizes, Disk Capacity & Wasted Space .............. 1-8 a. Compressed Volume File (CVF) Space Usage - [Sh+Tab] .. 1-9 b. Reclaiming Wasted Space .............................. 1-10 c. Choosing a Partition Size ............................ 1-11 1.5.5 Directory Sizes ....................................... 1-12 1.5.6 How About a Date? (non-USA date formats) .............. 1-12 1.6 Printing .................................................... 1-12 1.6.1 Print a Copy of What's Displayed - [Alt+p] / [^p] .... 1-13 1.6.2 Printer Control ...................................... 1-13 a. Formfeed / Linefeed - [Alt+0] / [Alt+1] ............. 1-13 b. Printer Commands in EDDY.USE - [Alt+9] .............. 1-14 1.7 List Files - [Alt+l] (that's an "L", not a "ONE") ........... 1-16 2. Telling EDDY What To Do ......................................... 2-1 2.1 Moving Around ............................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Using the Keyboard .................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Using a Mouse ......................................... 2-1 a. Changing the Button Command - [Alt+m] ................ 2-2 b. If You're Left-handed ................................ 2-2 c. Mouse Sensitivity - [Alt+Shift+m] .................... 2-3 2.1.3 Using the Scroll Bar .................................. 2-3 2.1.4 Double Click Shortcuts ................................ 2-4 2.2 Commands .................................................... 2-4 2.2.1 Hot Keys .............................................. 2-5 2.2.2 Pull-Down Menus - [Alt+F1] ............................ 2-6 2.2.3 Dialog Boxes .......................................... 2-7 2.2.4 List Boxes ............................................ 2-8 2.3 Options - [Alt+o] ........................................... 2-9 3. EDDY's DOS Command Line ......................................... 3-1 3.1 Path Specifications ......................................... 3-1 3.2 Options on the Command Line ................................. 3-2 3.3 Other Command Line Parameters ............................... 3-2 4. Editing Directory Entries ....................................... 4-1 4.1 Selecting a File or Directory (Speed Search) ................ 4-1 4.2 Renaming Files .............................................. 4-2 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page iv 4.3 Changing Timestamps ......................................... 4-2 4.4 Changing File Attributes .................................... 4-3 4.4.1 Attributes Style #1 ................................... 4-3 4.4.2 Attributes Style #2 ................................... 4-3 4.4.3 "Network-shareable" Attribute ......................... 4-4 5. Moving to a New Directory ....................................... 5-1 5.1 Dialog Boxes or Tree Diagrams - Your Choice ................. 5-1 5.1.1 How to Choose ......................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Performance Considerations ............................ 5-2 a. Memory is Always Up-to-Date .......................... 5-2 b. Save a Tree - [F5] ................................... 5-2 5.2 Directory Selection via Dialog Box .......................... 5-3 5.2.1 Working Directory Dialog Box - [Alt+Shift+w]/[Alt+w] .. 5-3 5.2.2 Target Directory Dialog Box - [Alt+Shift+t]/[Alt+t] ... 5-4 5.2.3 Target Tracking - [=] ................................. 5-5 5.3 Directory Selection from Tree Diagram ....................... 5-6 5.3.1 Tree Display Format ................................... 5-6 5.3.2 Moving the Tree Highlight (Speed Search) .............. 5-6 5.3.3 Moving to a New Drive - [^letter] / [\] ............... 5-7 5.3.4 Working Directory Tree - [Alt+w] ...................... 5-8 5.3.5 Target Directory Tree - [Alt+t] ....................... 5-8 5.4 Directory Selection from Drive List - [\] ................... 5-8 5.5 Exchange Working & Target Directories - [Alt+x] ............. 5-9 5.6 Directory Recall - [Shift+F10], [Shift+^F10] ................ 5-9 5.7 Where's That File? - Option /W and [^w] ..................... 5-9 5.8 Working With "SUBST"ed Directories .......................... 5-10 5.8.1 From the Command Line ................................. 5-10 5.8.2 Interactively ......................................... 5-10 6. HELP When You Need It - [F1] .................................... 6-1 6.1 HELP for Warnings and Other Messages ........................ 6-1 6.2 Topic Search by Keyword ..................................... 6-2 7. UNDO Command - [F2], [^F2] ...................................... 7-1 7.1 Partial UNDO ................................................ 7-1 8. LOOK Command - [F3], [^F3] ...................................... 8-1 8.1 LOOK at Subdirectory ........................................ 8-1 8.2 LOOK at File Contents (in Working Directory) ................ 8-3 8.2.1 Commands in LOOK Mode ................................. 8-3 a. Hex/ASCII Format Control - [Tab] / [Shift+Tab] ....... 8-3 b. Printing a File - [Alt+p] / [^p] ..................... 8-3 c. EGA/VGA Screen Control - [e] ......................... 8-3 8.2.2 ASCII Format Display .................................. 8-4 8.2.3 ASCII Format Commands ................................. 8-5 a. TAB Expansion - [#] / [Alt+#] ..................... .. 8-5 b. Bit-stripping - [b] / [Alt+b] ........................ 8-5 c. Ruler Line Display - [r] / [u] / [d] ................. 8-6 d. Jump to New Line - [j] ............................... 8-6 e. Line Wrapping - [l] / [Alt+l] ........................ 8-6 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page v 8.2.4 Hex Format Display .................................... 8-7 8.2.5 Hex Format Commands ................................... 8-8 a. Printability - [p] ................................... 8-8 b. Bit-stripping - [b] / [Alt+b] ........................ 8-8 c. Jump to New File Offset - [j] ........................ 8-8 d. Word-oriented Display - [w], [W] ..................... 8-9 8.2.6 LOOK Mode With a Mouse ................................ 8-9 8.3 LOOK at File Contents (in Target Directory) - [Alt+F3] ...... 8-9 8.4 LOOK at RAM (or ROM, or ???) ................................ 8-10 8.5 LOOK at Entire Disk ......................................... 8-10 8.6 Mark Data ................................................... 8-11 8.6.1 Jump to Marked Area - [Alt+m] ......................... 8-12 8.6.2 COPY Marked Area - [F5] ............................... 8-12 8.6.3 COPY Unmarked Area - [Alt+F5] ......................... 8-12 8.7 Compare Directory Entries - [Shift+F3], [Shift+^F3] ......... 8-13 8.8 Compare Files - [Alt+Shift+F3] .............................. 8-13 9. PATCH Command - [F4], [^F4] ..................................... 9-1 9.1 Changing a File's Length .................................... 9-2 9.1.1 Appending Bytes to a File - [Alt+z] ................... 9-2 9.1.2 Deleting Bytes From a File - [Alt+y]/[Alt+a]/[Alt+b]... 9-2 9.2 Updating in PATCH - [Enter] or [^Enter] ..................... 9-2 9.3 PATCHing RAM ................................................ 9-3 9.4 PATCHing Disks by Sector .................................... 9-3 10. Synchronization Controls - [Alt+c] .............................. 10-1 10.1 Controls for COPY/MOVE ..................................... 10-1 10.2 Tagging Confirmation Process ............................... 10-2 10.3 Synchronizing/Reconciling Directories ...................... 10-3 10.4 Controls for DELETE/DESTROY ................................ 10-3 11. COPY Command - [F5], [^F5] ...................................... 11-1 11.1 COPY a File - [F5] ......................................... 11-2 11.2 COPY Multiple Files - [^F5] ................................ 11-2 11.3 COPYing Files With Disk Errors ............................. 11-2 11.4 COPY a Directory - [F5] .................................... 11-2 11.5 CONVERT File Data .......................................... 11-3 11.5.1 Remove TABs - [Alt+#] ................................ 11-3 11.5.2 Bit-stripping - [Alt+b] .............................. 11-3 12. MOVE Command - [F6], [^F6] ...................................... 12-1 12.1 MOVE a File - [F6] ......................................... 12-1 12.2 MOVE Multiple Files - [^F6] ................................ 12-2 12.3 MOVE a Directory - [F6] .................................... 12-2 12.4 Fast Directory Move ........................................ 12-2 12.4.1 What Makes It Fast? .................................. 12-3 12.4.2 Had a Problem? Don't Panic! .......................... 12-3 13. DELETE Command - [F7], [^F7] .................................... 13-1 13.1 Deleting Subdirectories .................................... 13-1 13.2 Logical DELETE (Ignore) - [Alt+F7], [Alt+^F7] .............. 13-2 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page vi 13.3 DESTROY - [Shift+F7], [Shift+^F7] .......................... 13-2 13.3.1 Standard DESTROY Method .............................. 13-2 13.3.2 High-Security DESTROY ................................ 13-3 13.3.3 DESTROY a DRIVE! ..................................... 13-4 14. DOS Gateway ..................................................... 14-1 14.1 The DOS Shell - [F9] ....................................... 14-1 14.2 Point-n-Shoot .............................................. 14-1 14.2.1 Execute .COM, .EXE or .BAT File - [Alt+F9] ........... 14-2 14.2.2 Execute Default Command - [Shift+F8] ................. 14-2 14.2.3 Point-n-Shoot with EDDY.USE - [Shift+F9] ............. 14-3 a. Select a Command ..................................... 14-3 b. Take Your Choice - [PgDn] ............................ 14-4 14.2.4 Point-n-Shoot Again - [Shift+^F8] / [Shift+^F9] ...... 14-5 14.3 Using a Swap File .......................................... 14-6 15. QUIT Command - [F10], [Esc] ..................................... 15-1 15.1 Directory Recall - [Shift+F10], [Shift+^F10] ............... 15-1 15.2 Exit to Directory - [Alt+F10] .............................. 15-1 15.3 EGA and VGA Display Control - [^F10] ....................... 15-1 16. FIND and/or REPLACE String in File, Disk or RAM ................. 16-1 16.1 Entering New FIND Strings - [Alt+f] ........................ 16-2 16.2 Global Match Character - [Alt+g] ........................... 16-3 16.3 "Don't Match" Attribute - [Alt+k] .......................... 16-3 16.4 FIND "Any Text" ............................................ 16-4 16.5 FIND String in All Files - [^f] ............................ 16-5 16.6 FIND and REPLACE - [Alt+r] ................................. 16-5 17. File Selection by Filtering ..................................... 17-1 17.1 Subdirectories and Filters ................................. 17-1 17.2 Filtering by Attribute ..................................... 17-1 17.2.1 Attribute Selection from the Command Line ............ 17-1 17.2.2 Attribute Selection in EDDY - [Alt+a] / [^a] ......... 17-2 17.3 Filtering by Timestamp...................................... 17-2 17.3.1 Timestamp Selection from the Command Line ............ 17-2 17.3.2 Timestamp Selection in EDDY - [Alt+q] / [^q] ......... 17-3 17.4 Exclusion - [*] ............................................ 17-4 18. Playing With RAM ................................................ 18-1 19. Volume Identifiers .............................................. 19-1 19.1 Volume Labels - [Alt+v] .................................... 19-1 19.2 Volume Serial Numbers - [^v] ............................... 19-1 20. Disk Jockey's Delight (format-level disk functions) ............ 20-1 20.1 "Compressed" or "Extended" Drives (CVFs: Stacker, etc.) .... 20-1 20.2 LOOK at Entire Disk - [F3] ................................. 20-2 20.2.1 Jumping Around ....................................... 20-3 a. Jump to Sector - [j] ................................. 20-3 b. Jump to Cluster - [Alt+j] ............................ 20-3 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page vii c. Jump to Working Directory - [Alt+w] .................. 20-3 d. Jump to Target Directory - [Alt+t] ................... 20-3 e. Jump to Starting Cluster - [Alt+s] ................... 20-3 f. Jump to Next Cluster - [Alt+n] ....................... 20-4 g. Jump to Unallocated Cluster - [Alt+u] ................ 20-4 h. Jump to "Bad Spot" - [Alt+b] ......................... 20-4 20.2.2 Displaying Directory Entries - [Alt+d] ............... 20-5 20.2.3 Who Owns That Cluster? - [Alt+o] ..................... 20-6 20.2.4 COPY Unallocated Sectors ("Snoop") - [^u] ............ 20-7 20.3 LOOK at Boot Sector - [^Home] .............................. 20-7 20.4 LOOK at Master Boot Record (MBR) - [ ] ..................... 20-8 20.5 PATCH Anything on a Disk - [F4] ............................ 20-9 20.6 That's Too Dangerous! ...................................... 20-9 20.7 FIND Strings Anywhere on a Disk - [Alt+f] .................. 20-9 21. Working With Disk-Image Data .................................... 21-1 21.1 COPY Disk Image - [Shift+F5] ............................... 21-1 a. Upload/Download Entire Disks ............................. 21-1 b. Make Multiple Copies Quickly ............................. 21-2 c. Reduce Disks Needed for Backup ........................... 21-2 d. No-Hassle Hard Disk Backup ............................... 21-2 21.2 Disk-Image Restore - [Shift+F5] ............................ 21-2 21.3 COPY Selected Disk Areas ................................... 21-3 21.3.1 Mark Sectors (System Area) - [m] ..................... 21-3 21.3.2 Mark Clusters (Data Area) - [m] ...................... 21-4 21.3.3 Jump to Marked Area - [Alt+m] ........................ 21-4 21.4 Data Recovery .............................................. 21-4 22. Directory Optimization .......................................... 22-1 22.1 Sorting a Directory ........................................ 22-2 22.2 Shuffling a Directory - [Alt+F6] ........................... 22-3 22.3 Packing a Directory ........................................ 22-4 22.4 Had a Problem? Don't Panic! ................................ 22-4 23. UPDATE Mode - [Enter], [^Enter] ................................. 23-1 23.1 Applying Changes ........................................... 23-1 23.2 Print a Record of Your Changes - [Alt+p] / [^p] ............ 23-2 23.3 Target Capacity Check ...................................... 23-2 23.4 Error Recovery ............................................. 23-4 23.4.1 Data Errors .......................................... 23-4 23.4.2 Cross-linked Files ................................... 23-5 24. Batch Operations ................................................ 24-1 24.1 Commands Available ......................................... 24-1 24.2 Processing Sequence ........................................ 24-1 24.3 Synchronization Controls ................................... 24-1 24.4 ERRORLEVEL ................................................. 24-2 25. Tracking Directory Changes with "Snapshots" ..................... 25-1 25.1 Take Snapshot - [Shift+F5] ................................. 25-1 25.1.1 Snap Working Directory Only .......................... 25-1 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page viii 25.1.2 Snap Working Directory Subtree ....................... 25-2 25.2 Compare Directories with Snapshots - [Shift+F3] ............ 25-2 25.2.1 Working Directory Snapshot Comparison ................ 25-3 25.2.2 Subtree Snapshot Comparison .......................... 25-4 25.3 Interrupting Snapshot Processing - [^c] .................... 25-4 26. EDDY's Default Settings are Lousy! .............................. 26-1 26.1 Customizing - "EDDY/0" ..................................... 26-1 26.2 Rainbow Selection - [Alt+r] ................................ 26-3 26.3 Customizing a New Version of EDDY .......................... 26-4 26.3.1 EDDY.INI ............................................. 26-4 26.3.2 Configuration Parameters ............................. 26-5 a. [administrivia] .... ................................. 26-5 b. [screen] ............................................. 26-6 c. [mouse] .............................................. 26-7 d. [printer] ............................................ 26-7 e. [EDIT mode] .......................................... 26-7 f. [LOOK mode] .......................................... 26-9 g. [DOS Gateway] ........................................ 26-10 26.3.3 Defining a Key - [Alt+k] ............................. 26-10 26.4 How Do I Get Rid of the *$#^&! "UNREGISTERED" Message? ..... 26-10 26.5 And How About the (expletive deleted) "Register?" Button? .. 26-11 27. Registration is FOREVER! ........................................ 27-1 27.1 Pricing .................................................... 27-1 27.1.1 Payment .............................................. 27-1 27.1.2 Updates .............................................. 27-2 27.2 Registration by Credit Card ................................ 27-2 27.3 Registration by Mail ....................................... 27-2 27.4 Registration via Compuserve - GO SWREG ..................... 27-3 27.5 "The License" .............................................. 27-3 27.6 Pass a Copy to a Friend ("de-personalized") ................ 27-3 27.7 EDDY is NOT Free and NOT Public Domain! .................... 27-4 28. Distribution and Support / Disclaimer ........................... 28-1 28.1 Technical Support .......................................... 28-2 28.2 How Can I Get in Touch With You? ........................... 28-3 28.3 Where Can I Find the Latest Version? ....................... 28-4 28.4 A.S.P. Ombudsman ........................................... 28-5 Appendix A - Command Reference (Keys: Shiftless and Otherwise) ...... A-1 I. Function Keys .............................................. A-1 II. Letters .................................................... A-2 III. Numbers .................................................... A-5 IV. Miscellaneous Keys ......................................... A-5 Appendix B - What Does That Message Mean? ........................... B-1 Appendix C - Printer Setup Commands ................................. C-1 Appendix D - Mouse Problems (Technical Note) ........................ D-1 Registration Form .............................................. last page EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-1 1. Introduction to EDDY Modestly billed as "THE WORLD'S GREATEST DISK UTILITY", EDDY lets you do just about ANYTHING you ever wanted to disks, directories and files, plus a lot of things you probably never thought of! Common stuff (find, copy, rename, patch, view, zap, etc.) is generally easier than with other tools; features you seldom need are LIFESAVERS when you do. Reviewers say: "clean, easy to use, well-written", "quality [like] we've seen from Peter Norton", "the interface is elegant", "excellent documentation". EDDY is ALL of these... Full-screen directory editor Disk and directory manager DOS shell Sector editor RAM editor File finder (by name, attributes and/or timestamp) File viewer/patcher/comparer File backup utility String finder/replacer (hex and/or ASCII) Data recovery utility Printer setup utility ...and MUCH more! Most of what EDDY does isn't new; the program was developed as a test of the "Build a better mousetrap..." theory of economics. However, it often provides a "new twist" on approaches to old problems. Some of the features and capabilities that have been reported by users as particularly helpful (along with some of my own ideas about what's neat) are described in the EDDY_WHY.DOC file. EDDY is also cheaper (but NOT free! It is not in the public domain.) EDDY is "shareware", sometimes known as "user-supported" software. Distribution and use of EDDY are subject to the conditions described in Section 28. 1.1 Hardware Requirements EDDY needs the following hardware and software: - IBM PC, one of its descendants, or close compatible - A monitor that can accommodate 25x80 text mode display - At least 256K of available conventional memory (if you're tight on memory, use option /U -- see Section 2.3) - PC- or MS-DOS level 2.0 or later If your monitor has more than 25 lines, EDDY can use them (up to a maximum of 66 lines -- see Section 26.3.2b, the "max lines" parameter, for information on customizing EDDY for this). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-2 1.2 Installation To install, copy (or decompress) the EDDY files into any directory. 1.2.1 INSTALLATION IS NOW COMPLETE! That's all there is to it. Getting acquainted with the program is simple, too. Just type "EDDY" (without the quotes) and then [Enter]. EDDY doesn't need to be in its own directory, nor even in the PATH. It'll find its files as long as at least the following are in the same directory: EDDY.COM, EDDY.AUX, EDDY.USE, EDDY.INI. If you are tight on disk space, the only files that are ABSOLUTELY required are EDDY.COM and EDDY.AUX. That's all there is to it! There are extensive, context-sensitive HELP facilities -- press [F1] -- and pull-down menus -- [Alt+F1]. HELP includes all of the basic information needed to use EDDY. There is no danger of damage to your disk data, because no changes will be made to any of your directories or files until you tell EDDY to do so. If EDDY's display is blurred, unreadable, or strange-looking, try "EDDY/M". If this works, create a customized copy with option /M on (see Section 26). 1.2.2 Un-Installation If you decide not to continue using EDDY, and want to get rid of it from your disk, just type "DEL EDDY*.*" and [Enter]. If you DO do this, please let me know what it is you don't like. In a number of cases, I have been able to modify EDDY to eliminate the cause of dissatisfaction. 1.2.3 Printing the Manual (this file) Many users like to print a copy of the manual. It's all plain ASCII text, with formfeeds to keep the paging straight, so most any print utility will do the job. DOS's PRINT command is fine. a. Page Format The manual pages are formatted to fit on 8-1/2 x 11 paper, using 10 characters per inch ("Pica") type pitch -- the default for most printers. Page length is 59 lines or less, and MOST lines are a maximum of 78 characters wide. There is a 3 character left margin for punching holes, and a 2 character right margin. There are a few pages that contain screen samples, which require 80 characters per line. An example is Figure 1-1, in Section 1.4. b. Using A4 Paper For European users' convenience, the page layout also accommodates printing on A4 paper -- EXCEPT for the pages with screen samples. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-3 To get the complete manual printed neatly on A4 sheets, I suggest you set your printer to use 12 characters per inch ("Elite") type pitch, and set the left margin to 6-8 to get the lines roughly centered on the page. These settings give a nice appearance on 8-1/2 x 11 paper too. This also handles "print screen" output neatly, so you might consider making these printer settings your default. (Nothing to do with EDDY; just a suggestion). On many printers, these settings can be made from the control panel. If not, most printers accept command strings via software to accomplish the same thing. EDDY provides printer setup capabilities to do this, too. For more info on this, look at the examples and explanations in the EDDY.USE file, and see Appendix C of this document. 1.3 Using EDDY With Windows Two files are supplied to make using EDDY with MS Windows more familiar to Windows users: EDDY.PIF and EDDY.ICO. These are the standard, Windows- format Program Information File and an Icon file. The steps listed below __ARE NOT REQUIRED__ to run EDDY under Windows, but may be used if you want the interface to EDDY from Windows to be smoother than execution from a command line in a generic DOS box. For explanation purposes, assume that EDDY will be installed in a directory called C:\UTIL\EDDY. If you use a different directory, just substitute yours in steps 1, 7 and 9. To install EDDY in Windows... 1. Copy the files to C:\UTIL\EDDY (or whatever). 2. Choose the group you want EDDY in (click on any icon in that group). 3. In Program Manager, click on "File", then "New", then "Program Item". 4. Click on "OK". 5. Type the program description ("EDit DirectorY", or whatever you want). 6. Click on "Command Line". 7. Type C:\UTIL\EDDY\EDDY.COM (or whatever). 8. Click on "Working Directory". 9. Type C:\UTIL\EDDY (or whatever). 10. Click on "Change Icon". If you see a "no icons" message, click "OK". 11. Click on "Browse", and select the drive and directory where you have installed EDDY. 12. Double click on "EDDY.ICO", then click on "OK". 13. Click on "OK" again. WINDOWS INSTALLATION IS NOW COMPLETE! You may now run EDDY simply by double clicking on the EDDY icon. When you exit from EDDY, there will be a brief delay to allow you to view the screen. If you don't want to wait for that, press any key to return to Windows immediately. This delay does not occur with a registered copy. If you switch from running EDDY to some other Windows task, the EDDY icon will be displayed, to remind you that EDDY is still running. There is a "hot key" defined in EDDY.PIF -- [Alt+^F9] -- that you may use to switch quickly back to EDDY. This may be changed by using the Windows PIF Editor. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-4 1.4 EDDY's Display This is a sample of a typical EDDY display, which might have resulted from entering the command "EDDY A:" ================================================================================ filename.ext size mmddyy time RHSDAN ^ | DIR of A:\*.* | Drive A: is DEVELOPMT 109 files, 308224 bytes, 2048 bytes free| 87322 bytes wasted | BAT <DIR> 2-04-87 9:15:04p ...D.. |======| | EDDY <DIR> 1-25-87 12:52:12p ...D.. | MENU | | AUTOEXEC BAT 788 10-21-86 11:30:10a ....A. |======| > CMDSUB ASM 12856 9-17-86 7:45:26p ....A. [Alt+F1] | CMDSUB OBJ 1246 9-17-86 7:52:38p ....A. |===| | COMMAND COM 22885 11-26-85 10:22:08p ....A. |======| | R | | CONFIG SYS 79 10-18-86 7:31:12p ...... | HELP | | E | | CONVRT ASM 5927 9-06-86 11:15:16a ...... |======| | G | | CONVRT OBJ 499 9-06-86 11:20:52a ...... [F1] | I | | ERROUT ASM 5663 9-15-86 8:15:24p ...... | S | | ERROUT OBJ 2127 9-15-86 8:16:12p ...... |======| | T | | EXX SYS 9054 11-18-85 12:00:00p ....A. | LOOK | | E | | PRINT COM 8339 11-18-85 12:00:00p ...... |======| | R | | PSP DEF 1195 1-29-87 7:21:04p ....A. [Enter] |===| | UTLSUB ASM 10649 2-09-87 1:49:34a ....A. [Alt+z] | UTLSUB OBJ 965 2-09-87 1:50:32a ....A. |======| | VDISK SYS 2721 11-18-85 12:00:00p ...... | QUIT | | WOBBLY DAT 6001 9-11-83 9:21:42p ....A. |======| | WOMBAT EXE 80201 1-02-83 9:00:46a ...... [F10] | Target: none | -EDIT- seq=N [F2]:UNDO [F3]:LOOK [F5]:COPY [F6]:MOVE [F7]:DELETE [F9]:DOSv ================================================================================ Figure 1-1 Figure 1-1 is the default display style (attributes style=1). There is another style for displaying attributes, shown below in Figure 1-2. You may toggle between these two styles by pressing [Tab]. If you prefer the style in Figure 1-2 (attributes style=2), you may customize EDDY accordingly, to make that style the default. See Sections 4.4 and 26.3.2e (the "attributes style" parameter) for more information. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-5 ================================================================================ filename.ext size mmddyy time RHSDAN ^ | DIR of A:\*.* | Drive A: is DEVELOPMT 109 files, 308224 bytes, 2048 bytes free| 87322 bytes wasted | BAT <DIR> 2-04-87 9:15:04p nnnynn |======| | EDDY <DIR> 1-25-87 12:52:12p nnnynn | MENU | | AUTOEXEC BAT 788 10-21-86 11:30:10a nnnnyn |======| > CMDSUB ASM 12856 9-17-86 7:45:26p nnnnyn [Alt+F1] | CMDSUB OBJ 1246 9-17-86 7:52:38p nnnnyn |===| | COMMAND COM 22885 11-26-85 10:22:08p nnnnyn |======| | R | | CONFIG SYS 79 10-18-86 7:31:12p nnnnnn | HELP | | E | | CONVRT ASM 5927 9-06-86 11:15:16a nnnnnn |======| | G | | CONVRT OBJ 499 9-06-86 11:20:52a nnnnnn [F1] | I | | ERROUT ASM 5663 9-15-86 8:15:24p nnnnnn | S | | ERROUT OBJ 2127 9-15-86 8:16:12p nnnnnn |======| | T | | EXX SYS 9054 11-18-85 12:00:00p nnnnyn | LOOK | | E | | PRINT COM 8339 11-18-85 12:00:00p nnnnnn |======| | R | | PSP DEF 1195 1-29-87 7:21:04p nnnnyn [Enter] |===| | UTLSUB ASM 10649 2-09-87 1:49:34a nnnnyn [Alt+z] | UTLSUB OBJ 965 2-09-87 1:50:32a nnnnyn |======| | VDISK SYS 2721 11-18-85 12:00:00p nnnnnn | QUIT | | WOBBLY DAT 6001 9-11-83 9:21:42p nnnnyn |======| | WOMBAT EXE 80201 1-02-83 9:00:46a nnnnnn [F10] | Target: none | -EDIT- seq=N [F2]:UNDO [F3]:LOOK [F5]:COPY [F6]:MOVE [F7]:DELETE [F9]:DOSv ================================================================================ Figure 1-2 The rectangles on the right side of the screen are used as "click" buttons with a mouse; clicking on them results in the indicated action. They are actually displayed as neat boxes with double outlines, but those characters don't show up well on many printers. Although primarily intended for use with a mouse, they may also be used with the keyboard. If you "click" in the blank area near the rectangles, the last command (if any) that was executed by using the menu will be repeated. This is useful for tagging several files for the same action, such as COPY or DELETE, e.g. When you have used the "Update" function 5 times, the "REGISTER" button will be highlighted, as a reminder that registration might be appropriate. The "REGISTER" button does not appear if you are using a registered copy of the program. At the right edge is a scroll bar, shown here only as an approximation of the actual display. The scroll bar is also intended mainly for mouse use (see Section 2.1.3), but may be used with the keyboard, too. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-6 1.5 What You See Is What You Edit (WYSIWYE?) EDDY starts by displaying the entries in the selected directory. You may edit those entries, including filename, date, time and attributes. Just move the cursor to the field you want to edit, and type your changes. You may also select files to be patched, copied, moved, deleted, etc. (For more information on specific commands, see Section 2.2) All changes will be shown on the screen, but no changes will be made on disk until you tell EDDY to do so. EDDY applies the requested changes to disk when you enter UPDATE mode, by pressing [Enter]. EDDY will ask you to confirm that you want to write to disk (by pressing [Enter] again), and will give you the choice of returning to EDIT without making any changes. At any time before writing changes to disk (in UPDATE mode), you may change your mind and UNDO the changes. [F2] UNDOes changes to the current file, [^F2] UNDOes all changes to all files. 1.5.1 Working and Target Directory The directory displayed by EDDY is referred to as the "working directory". If any files are copied or moved, they are put in the "target directory". The working directory path you use may have a file specification (wildcards allowed) appended to it. If it does, only files that match that file specification are included in the display; if not, "*.*" is used. You may also press [*], to tell eddy to EXCLUDE any files that match, and include only those that DON'T match the file specification. See Section 17.4. The working and target directories may be given on the DOS command line when you execute EDDY. They may be changed at any time (see Section 5). If the command line doesn't specify any directory, the DOS default directory on the default drive will be the initial working directory. The target directory currently in use, if any, is shown in the lower right hand corner of the display, on the next-to-last line. If "target tracking" is in effect (see Section 5.2.3), the display will show "Target=" instead of the normal "Target:". If a directory path is very long, it may not fit in the available screen space. EDDY will "abbreviate" the path to fit the space. An abbreviated path includes "\*#*\" in place of one or more subdirectories that have been omitted from the displayed string in order to make it fit. The "#" is actually a digit, showing how many subdirectories have been omitted. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-7 1.5.2 Sequence & Sorting The information in this section concerns the sequence of the display on the screen; you may also sort the directory permanently, on the disk. Refer to Section 22.1 for more details on this. EDDY's starting display is sorted by file name. The sequence is indicated on the last line of the display. In Figure 1-1 the last line shows the notation "seq=N", indicating sort by NAME. Possible values of "seq" are: "D" - sorted by DATE, time, name & extension "E" - sorted by EXTENSION & name "H" - sorted by HOUR & minute "N" - sorted by NAME & extension "S" - sorted by SIZE, name & extension "U" - UNSORTED; i.e., in the sequence stored in the directory by DOS EDDY builds the first display in name sequence. If you would prefer a different initial sequence, refer to Section 3.2 for information on the use of option /1 to change the sort sequence for the initial display. To change the sequence, press [Alt+d], [Alt+e], [Alt+h], [Alt+n], [Alt+s] or [Alt+u]. The directory will be re-sorted in the sequence requested, and the "seq" field on the bottom line will be updated. Subdirectories are an exception: except for UNSORTED sequence, all subdirectories are grouped at the top of the display, before any file entries. This is to make it easier to move around the disk, from subdirectory to subdirectory, using the LOOK command (see Section 8.1). To invert the order of the display (e.g., to get the files with the most recent dates at the top), press [Alt+i]. When the display is inverted, an up-and-down arrow appears just to the right of the "seq" field. Once the display has been inverted, it remains that way until [Alt+i] is pressed again; [Alt+i] is a toggle. Thus, if the display is by date, inverted (i.e., newest date first) and you press [Alt+s], the resulting display will be by size, inverted (biggest files first). Inverting is different from sorting. Inverting just reverses the order of the list of files currently displayed, and makes any later sort produce an inverted list. Inverting does not cause the directory to be reprocessed. Under some unusual circumstances, you may see the following warning message when you enter a command to re-sort: "Sorting cancels changes not UPDATEd. Sort (y/n)?" This occurs when you have very little memory available for EDDY's use, and there are lots of pending changes when you enter the command. EDDY will always handle at least 160 pending changes without this problem. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-8 1.5.3 Number of Files With displays containing more than one page, an arrow, pointing up and/or down appears in the upper right corner to show that there is more data to be viewed by scrolling in that direction. EDDY can display up to 800 or so directory entries, depending on available memory. This is a limit on the display, not on the size of directories. If you had, say, 1500 files in directory "\BIGDIR", and you wanted to work with assembler source files, typing "EDDY \BIGDIR\*.ASM" would yield a display of all .ASM files (up to around 800). If EDDY's display capacity is exceeded, the number of files indicated on the third line ("109 files" in Figure 1-1) will be replaced by two numbers. The first is the number of files displayed, and the second is the additional number of files which would have been displayed if there had been enough room. In Figure 1-1, if the directory had contained 930 entries, the "109 files" would be replaced by "800+0130 files". When EDDY finds too many files to display at once, files are "dropped off" the end of the list according to the current sequence. For example, if the sequence is by date, inverted, the files with the oldest dates would be dropped. Sorting again will reprocess the entire directory, dropping those files which come at the end of the list according to the new sequence. (Inverting will redisplay the current list in the opposite order.) It is possible to display up to double EDDY's capacity, by first displaying the files in one sequence and then inverting and re-sorting. Suppose a directory had 1500 entries, and was displayed in "Name" sequence. The first 800 files would be displayed. To see the rest of the files in this directory, press [Alt+i]. This would show the rest of the files, starting from the opposite end, in inverted name sequence. 1.5.4 File Sizes, Disk Capacity & Wasted Space The display also shows the number of bytes used by the files in the directory, the number of free bytes left on the disk, and wasted space (more on this below). Space occupied by subdirectories normally is not included in the display (but see discussion in Section 1.5.5). If the directory has more files than EDDY can display, the "bytes used" is the total for all files (i.e., the "800+0130 files" in the example). If you're already familiar with the details of the DOS file system, you may want to skip directly to section 1.5.4a. For the best in-depth discussion of this subject that I've found, see "Hard Disk Secrets", by John Goodman, published by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 1993. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-9 DOS allocates space for files in units called "clusters", which are powers- of-2 multiples of disk sectors (a sector is usually 512 bytes). A typical hard disk cluster size is 8192, with 16384 and larger becoming more common. Physical disks may be divided into logical volumes (partitions) by using DOS's "FDISK" command. Larger partitions have larger cluster sizes. The actual number of clusters formatted for any given disk depends both on the disk partition size and on the DOS version that was used to format it. DOS's file system is limited to a theoretical maximum of 65,518 clusters per partition (the number of clusters must be representable in no more than 16 bits, cluster numbers begin with 2, and some of the numbers at the end of the range have special meanings; hence the strange maximum value). Allocation by clusters means that a file with only one byte of data in it will still occupy 8192 bytes (or whatever your cluster size is) of disk space. The other 8191 bytes are completely wasted, and unusable for storing any other data. File sizes are the number of bytes of data in the files, rather than space on the disk assigned to the files; thus, the "bytes used" is almost always larger than the total of the file sizes. This difference is reflected in the number indicated as "bytes wasted (cluster basis)", on the third line of the display. The calculation is: bytes-wasted = (clusters-used * bytes-per-cluster) - sum-of-file-sizes. The "cluster basis" qualifier is explained in the next section. For diskettes with no subdirectories, and with all files displayed (*.*), the bytes used plus bytes free should equal the disk capacity. If not, try running "CHKDSK" to see if there is some lost disk space to be reclaimed. a. Compressed Volume File (CVF) Space Usage - [Shift+Tab] With "compressed volumes" (managed by disk compression software such as Stacker, DoubleSpace, etc.), although usage is still expressed in clusters for compatibility with DOS, the unused space in a cluster is managed internally by the software, and very little is actually wasted. In general, disk compression software would take a maximum of 1 sector (512 bytes) to store the example 1-byte file, but it would still report a full cluster used (8192 bytes) for DOS compatibility. Internally, the software would actually use the remainder of the cluster (15 sectors, 7680 bytes) for storing other files. Some software even uses the slack space WITHIN a sector, resulting in still more effective compression. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-10 Actually, things are not quite this straightforward (are they ever?). The disk compression software reports to DOS more free space on the disk than actually exists, since it normally expects to compress files by about 2:1. Reporting actual space would make DOS think the "disk" was full when there was really space for more (compressed) files. To calculate the TRUE space utilization for a CVF requires a detailed knowledge of the algorithms and data structures, which are different for each product. In most cases, the information is not generally available. So, the space REALLY used by a file is USUALLY less than the amount shown; thus the actual amount of wasted space is really unknown for a compressed disk. As an approximation, we can assume that files are stored by sectors, rather than clusters, and calculate the wasted space on that basis. All that long winded discussion is really leading up to is that you can get a BETTER -- but far from exact -- idea of wasted space on a CVF if the calculation is on a sector basis. To allow this calculation to be made, the number of sectors needed to store each file is summed (same as the cluster-based calculation if each cluster were one sector long). The calculation then is: bytes-wasted = (sectors-needed * bytes-per-sector) - sum-of-file-sizes. Clearly, this is not accurate either, because it doesn't take into account the compression of the files; in general, a file whose size is greater than one sector is likely to compress to fewer sectors than its uncompressed size suggests. So the number displayed for "wasted bytes (sector basis)" on a CVF is an estimate only, and USUALLY is larger than the true number. To toggle the display between "cluster basis" and "sector basis" displays, press [Shift+Tab]. b. Reclaiming Wasted Space This section DOES NOT apply to CVFs or floppy disks. If you often see large numbers in the "bytes wasted" field of EDDY's display, you may be able to gain multi-megabytes of additional disk space by re-partitioning your hard disk. LOOK at your disk by pressing [F3] on the "Drive..." line of the display, then view the MBR -- Master Boot Record -- by pressing [ ]. If there is no MBR, as with RAM disks and CVFs, no re-partitioning can be done, and you may as well skip the rest of this section. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-11 If you have lots of small files, the wasted space can easily be over half the capacity of your disk. Try looking at a directory that contains mostly batch files; you'll probably find that nearly ALL the space is wasted. Unfortunately, EDDY can't solve this problem for you; what it DOES do is alert you that the problem exists. The way to reclaim this wasted space is by using the FDISK command to divide your disk into several smaller partitions, each of which will have a smaller cluster size. (I guess it's obligatory at this point to state the obvious: Do a full backup before you use FDISK, or you'll lose all your data.) The sizes you should choose depend on a variety of factors, such as the average sizes of files to be stored, your willingness to deal with the complexity of multiple partitions (remembering which partition a particular file is in), and the version of DOS you are using. c. Choosing a Partition Size The following information is offered to help you in deciding what partition sizes you might want to use for your hard disk. - DOS 2.x always uses a cluster size of 4096, and a partition can be a maximum of 32 MB. - DOS 3.x is also limited to 32 MB partitions, but cluster size may vary according to the specific DOS version and the size of the File Allocation Table (FAT) entries used (12- or 16-bit). FAT size is chosen by DOS, based on partition size combined with day of the week (or some other equally-unobvious factor). . partitions up to 8 MB may have 2048-byte clusters with 12-bit FATs . partitions of 8 to 15 MB may have 4096-byte clusters with 12-bit FATs . partitions of 16 to 32 MB may have 2048-byte clusters with 16-bit FATs - DOS 4.0 and above are able to handle disk partitions larger than 32 MB. Partitions less than 16 MB may be given 12-bit FATS, and handled as described for DOS 3.x, above. Partitions of 16 MB or greater always have 16-bit FATs, and the following cluster sizes: 16 - 127 MB: 2048-byte clusters 128 - 255 MB: 4096 256 - 511 MB: 8192 512 - 1023 MB: 16384 1024 - 2047 MB: 32768 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-12 1.5.5 Directory Sizes Normally, for a subdirectory, you'll see "<DIR>" in the size field, and the space occupied by the directories won't appear in the "bytes used" summary. However, these directories do occupy space on the disk. A single entry (file or subdirectory) in a directory requires 32 bytes; thus, 128 entries fit in a typical 4096-byte cluster. If a directory has more entries than can fit in a cluster, more clusters are allocated to the directory. If you'd like to see how much space is actually occupied by the subdirec- tories on your disk, use option /D (see Section 2.3 for a discussion of options). But be prepared to wait longer for the display to be built; DOS does not report directory sizes through its normal services. EDDY must interpret low-level format and FAT information directly, reading the relevant sectors of the disk to get this information. The sizes are shown between "<" and ">" brackets (e.g., "<2048>", so directories are still easily differentiated from files in the display. When displayed, directory sizes (except for the "." and ".." entries) are included in the "bytes used" summary. The size of the "." entry is the size of the directory being displayed; it is not part of the space allocated to the files in that directory. The ".." entry is also not included in the summary figure. If the ".." entry is actually the root directory, you will see "<ROOT>" instead of a size, as the root size is fixed by the formatting process, and does not occupy space that would otherwise be available for file storage. If you delete entries, the directory space is NOT released; directories always stay as large as the most space that was ever required for them, even if there are NO files currently in the directory. With standard DOS facilities, the only way to free up unused directory space is by deleting the directory itself. EDDY offers another way, allowing you to free up space wasted in this way; see Section 22.3 for more information on this. 1.5.6 How About a Date? (non-USA date formats) If you use a date format other than the USA standard "mm-dd-yy", EDDY will use the format you choose (usually by use of "COUNTRY.SYS" in your CONFIG.SYS file). The column heading above the date will indicate which format is being used, showing "mmddyy", "ddmmyy" or "yymmdd", accordingly. 1.6 Printing By default, EDDY will print to the device on LPT1 -- normally, a printer connected to a parallel port. If your printer setup is different, you may customize EDDY to use the correct device name instead, using the "port" configuration parameter in EDDY.INI. See Section 26.3.2d for details. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-13 1.6.1 Print a Copy of What's Displayed - [Alt+p] / [^p] EDDY's displays may be printed, by pressing [Alt+p]. The basic, EDIT mode directory display, the LOOK mode file display (in either hex or text format), and the list of files and actions involved in an UPDATE may all be printed if you wish. If you would prefer to send the print-formatted output to a file, press [^p] instead of [Alt+p]. If you choose to "print" to a file, you will be asked to specify the filename to be used (the default is "EDDY.PRN"). If the file already exists in the working directory, you may choose either to append the new data to it or overwrite it. When printing, EDDY tries to ensure that characters that may be interpreted as control strings by the printer are not sent to the printer. It does this in a very simple-minded way, which is explained in Section 8.2.5a. If you send the output to a file, however, this is not a problem; EDDY sends the bytes "as-is" (as-are?) to the file, with one exception -- any "^Z"s will be written as spaces. In EDIT and LOOK modes, pressing any key during the printing will stop the printing operation. In UPDATE mode, you can turn printing off by pressing [Alt+p] or [^p] again. Pressing any other key suspends the UPDATE process. 1.6.2 Printer Control There are thousands of variations of printer commands, which differ by manufacturer and model. Except for the most basic commands (advancing a line or ejecting a page), you'll have to do a little research to find out what your printer uses. Once you have this information, you can put it into the EDDY.USE file (see Appendix C), from where you can change your printer setup easily from then on. a. Formfeed / Linefeed - [Alt+0] / [Alt+1] A couple of simple, virtually universal, printer commands are defined in EDDY. For anything more complex, see the next section. Available commands (in EDIT and LOOK modes), and their hot keys, are: - Send formfeed (page eject) [Alt+0] - Send linefeed (advance 1 line) [Alt+1] b. Printer Commands in EDDY.USE - [Alt+9] Any commands that you want to use with your printer -- for example, to change the type pitch (characters per inch) -- may be defined in a file called "EDDY.USE". EDDY.USE may be created with any editor or word processor which can produce a simple ASCII file. EDDY.USE may also contain "Point-n-Shoot" commands; their use is explained in Section 14.2.3. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 1-14 A sample EDDY.USE is part of the EDDY distribution package. This sample includes extensive explanatory comments, and I hope it will suggest ways in which EDDY can help your system be easier and more convenient to use. The details of the format used to specify printer control strings in EDDY.USE are provided in Appendix C. To make use of the printer commands in EDDY.USE, press [Alt+9] and follow the directions displayed on the screen. 1.7 List Files - [Alt+l] (that's an "L", not a "ONE") List files are simple ASCII text files containing filenames, one per line, with or without path specifications. They may be used as input to other programs, such as PKZIP, to tell those programs what files to operate on. They may be edited into "response" files used by programs such as Borland's TLINK, or they may be edited into batch files for any other purpose. What EDDY offers is a simple, versatile way to create these ASCII files. The list of filenames may be selected from one or more directories, and doesn't have to include ALL files from those directories. When you press [Alt+l] in EDIT mode, EDDY will create a list file in the current working directory. It will contain all filenames, and optionally, all subdirectory names -- except the list file itself -- from the display that are not tagged as "Ignore" (see Section 13.2 for more on "Ignore"). You will be given a choice of including the working directory path with each filename, or not. If you are going to build a list file with names from more than one directory, you probably should include the pathnames. You will also be asked whether or not you want to include subdirectory names in the list file. After you create the list file in the first directory, COPY or MOVE the list file to the next directory that has files you want to include, and make that directory the new working directory. Press [Alt+l] again. EDDY will offer you the choice of appending to or overwriting the list file. Choose "append", and add the files from that directory. Repeat the process as many times as required. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-1 2. Telling EDDY What To Do As mentioned above, EDDY's basic display provides full screen editing capabilities -- just move the cursor to the data you want to change, and type in the new data. The cursor may be moved with the keyboard or by mouse. A "scroll bar" is also available. [NumLock] state (ON/OFF) is always ignored by EDDY -- i.e., treated as OFF -- unless [NumLock] is pressed while EDDY is running. Once it has been pressed, its state is recognized and treated accordingly. Other capabilities of EDDY are called upon by using commands. Commands may be entered in whichever of the following ways you find most convenient: - Hot Keys - Pull-Down Menus - Command Line 2.1 Moving Around Some fields on the screen, such as file size, can't be edited. These fields are "protected" so that the cursor can't be moved to that position. Instead, it will move to the next unprotected position. 2.1.1 Using the Keyboard In this document, key names are enclosed in brackets -- "[" and "]". The "arrow" characters are not printable in general, so the cursor control keys are indicated by the word -- left, right, up, down -- for the direction of the arrow that's printed on the key cap. In key names, the prefix "^" means the key is pressed at the same time as the [Ctrl] shift key. The notations [Alt+key] or [Shift+key] mean that the [Alt] or [Shift] key is pressed at the same time as the indicated "key". EDDY's cursor is moved around in the display as follows: [Up] - move up 1 line [PgUp] - up 1 page [Down] - move down 1 line [PgDn] - down 1 page [Home] - move to top of page [End] - move to end of page [^Home] - display first page* [^End] - display last page* [Left] - left 1 column [Right] - right 1 column [left bracket] - left 1 field [right bracket] - right 1 field [^Left] - move to column 1 [^Right] - move to last column [/] - move to date field [:] - move to time field [.] - left edge, except in a filename field [.] moves to extension [+] - move to attribute field (except in an attribute field, [+] turns the attribute ON and moves to the next file) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * NOTE: Pressing [Home] twice in a row is the same as pressing [^Home], and pressing [End], [End] is the same as pressing [^End]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-2 2.1.2 Using a Mouse If you're having problems with erratic mouse behavior, see Appendix D. EDDY reacts to mouse movement just as if you had used the arrow keys in a corresponding way (UNLESS you have moved all the way right, past the end of the highlighted area, to the scroll bar -- more on that in Section 2.1.3). Pressing the left mouse button ("left clicking") in EDIT mode is the same as pressing [F3]. With the cursor on a directory line, EDDY makes that the new working directory; a left click on a file line LOOKs at that file. This may be changed -- see Section 2.1.2a, below. When EDDY is waiting for confirmation that you want to proceed with some action, a left click is the same as [Enter], meaning "Yes, proceed". A right click is the same as [Esc], or "No, don't proceed". Click the left button while the cursor is on the "MENU" or "HELP" box at the right side of the screen to get the corresponding display. Click the right button to return to the main body (left portion) of the display. You may move the cursor around elsewhere in this area, but it has no effect. a. Changing the Button Command - [Alt+m] To change the command used for the left mouse button in EDIT mode (from the default of [F3]), press [Alt+m]. Next, press the key for the command that you prefer to use. Also, see the following section. b. If You're Left-handed After [Alt+m], clicking the right mouse button instead of pressing a key swaps the use of the left and right mouse buttons, which is preferred by some left-handed people. In that case, all descriptions of the right button actions actually apply to the left button, and vice versa. The scrollbar, described in Section 2.1.3, indicates the current state of "handedness" of the mouse, and can also be used to switch that state, as a shortcut instead of [Alt+m]. If your mouse is already configured as "left-handed" within its own driver or by other software before running EDDY, you probably don't want to use this feature: the result would be to swap the buttons back to "right- handed" usage. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-3 c. Mouse Sensitivity - [Alt+Shift+m] If your mouse reacts too quickly or too slowly when you move it, you can adjust the sensitivity (in Windows terminology, "Tracking Speed"). Press [Alt+Shift+m], and you'll get a graphical display showing the current speed relative to the maximum and minimum possible. Move the mouse left to slow the mouse down or right to speed it up. Left-click when the speed is the way you like it. If you customize EDDY, the sensitivity you select will be the default in the customized copy. 2.1.3 Using the Scroll Bar At the far right edge of the screen you'll see a single, shaded column with an arrow at either end; this is the "scroll bar". Its main purpose is to give you an easy way of moving the display up or down with a mouse, although you may use it with the keyboard, too, if you wish. The scroll bar also has a right- or left-pointing triangle (the "slider"). The direction the triangle points indicates whether the mouse buttons are configured as right- or left-handed, respectively. The position of the slider on the scroll bar gives you an approximate indication of how much further you must scroll to get to the end of the display. For example, if EDDY has selected 90 files for display, and your current file is the 30th, the slider will be about 1/3 of the way down on the scroll bar. If you're on the 90th file, the slider will be at the bottom. To use the scroll bar, move the cursor to a position either above or below the slider, and press the left mouse button (or [Enter]). The display will scroll up if the cursor is above the slider, or down if below. The amount of scrolling depends on exactly where on the scrollbar the cursor is located. If on one of the arrows at either end of the scroll bar, the display will scroll a line at a time in the indicated direction. If you left click directly on the slider, the mouse's "handedness" -- as described in Section 2.1.2b -- will change from left- to right-handed, and vice versa. Elsewhere on the scroll bar, each click moves the display a page at a time. Holding the left mouse button (or [Enter]) down causes the scrolling action to repeat. If you are paging, this can cause the cursor to alternately be above and below the slider, which alternates between the same two pages. Click the right mouse button (or press [Esc]) to move quickly back to the main body of the display. Or move the mouse or use the arrow keys for this if you prefer. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-4 2.1.4 Double Click Shortcuts Several common functions with the mouse are made easier if you use "double clicking" appropriately. When the term "double click" is used without further qualification, it refers to two consecutive presses of the left mouse button. Other types of double clicks are also recognized (two right button presses or a left and a right button), but they are explicitly described when used. The amount of time allowed between clicks for them to be recognized as a double click (in Windows terminology, "Double Click Speed") may be customized to be comfortable to you, as described in Section 26.3.2c. Here are some things you can do by using double clicking: - When EDDY asks for your choice between [Enter] or [^Enter] -- related to how timestamps are handled on file updates -- a left click is the same as [Enter], and a double left click is the same as [^Enter]. Examples of this are when you're ready to UPDATE either from EDIT or PATCH. - If you double click on an entry in the EDIT mode directory display, the cursor will move to the MENU button. - If you double click on the MENU button, the last command you have used by selecting from the menu will be repeated. This is particularly useful for tagging several files for the same action, such as COPY or DELETE. - If you click both the left and right buttons within the double click interval, the result is the same as if you pressed [F1]. - If you double click on the HELP button, HELP's keyword search screen will appear, just as if you had pressed [Shift+F1]. 2.2 Commands Commands tell EDDY what to do to the files that are displayed. Generally, they affect the current file, as selected by the cursor. The most common commands are assigned to function keys. Other commands generally are assigned to an [Alt+letter] combination. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-5 2.2.1 Hot Keys All of EDDY's functions may be called upon by using the corresponding "hot keys". The following (VERY incomplete!) summary is provided simply to suggest how easy it is to use some of EDDY's most common commands. Further details of use of the various keys and key combinations may be found in the later sections of this document. A complete list of command key assignments is given in Appendix A. Some common commands used in "EDIT" mode are: [F1]: HELP [F2]: UNDO changes on this file [F3]: LOOK at data in file, LOOK at files in directory, or LOOK at disk [F4]: PATCH data in file or on disk [F5]: COPY file [F6]: MOVE file [F7]: DELETE file [F9]: Exit to DOS temporarily (DOS shell) [F10]: QUIT, return to original DOS default directory [Alt+d]: Sort files by DATE/time [Alt+n]: Sort files by NAME [Alt+e]: Sort files by EXTENSION [Alt+s]: Sort files by SIZE [Alt+i]: INVERT display sequence [Alt+f]: FIND string in file [Alt+o]: inquire/change OPTIONS [Alt+t]: inquire/change/create TARGET directory [Alt+w]: change WORKING directory/file selection [Alt+x]: eXCHANGE working & target directories Many command keys may also be used together with the [Ctrl] key. [Ctrl] (indicated in this document by "^") means "do the command for all files". E.g., [^F5] means copy all files, and [^F2] means undo all changes on all files. (Option /L -- Section 2.3 -- changes the scope of the "^".) To interrupt one of the [^Fn] commands, press [^c] or [BackSpace]. Any files tagged for copy, delete, etc. up to that point will stay tagged, but no further action will take place. If you just want to pause temporarily, to look at the screen or think about what's going on, press and hold [ScrollLock]. All processing will stop. Release the key to continue. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-6 2.2.2 Pull-Down Menus - [Alt+F1] Press [Alt+F1] and a pull-down menu panel is displayed, as well as a menu bar across the top of the screen, with other menu topics to choose from. The menu panel lists commands which may be executed by EDDY. To the right of each command a "hot key" is shown. This key may be used to execute the command directly from EDDY, without using the menu. To select a command from the menu, you may: 1) press the highlighted letter for that command; or 2) move the cursor to the command and press [Enter] (or left click your mouse); or 3) press the indicated "hot key" for the command (unless the hot key is shown enclosed by "< >", in which case the hot key cannot be used from the menu). Some lines on some panels show "(sub-menu)" instead of a hot key. If you choose one of these, another panel will be displayed, with commands relating to the subject you chose. These commands may be selected in the same 3 ways described above. If you don't want to choose a command, press [Esc] (or right click mouse). To view the data in the display that has been covered by a menu panel, press [PgUp]. This allows you to look at the display (except the top line, which is covered by the menu bar) without exiting from the menu. To pull down a menu panel, press the highlighted letter for the topic, or press [Enter] (or left click) to pull down the panel for the currently-highlighted topic. A list of other topics available is displayed across the top of the screen. The topics are those which pertain to the type of display you are working with. For example, in EDIT mode, you won't see topics that relate to LOOK or PATCH modes. To view the panels for the other topics shown at the top of the screen, press [Left] or [Right] (or move the mouse). In EDIT mode, the choice of topics also depends on the line your cursor is currently on. If it's on a file, you'll get a choice of commands that are valid for files; if it's on a directory or disk line, you'll get choices that are valid for those lines. Similarly, in LOOK mode, some commands are valid only if the display is in ASCII (text) format, and some only with hex format. Also, different commands are available when LOOKing at a file, disk or RAM. The choices you'll see in the menus depend on what you're doing. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-7 The first time a particular menu bar is loaded at the top of the screen, EDDY makes a guess as to which panel from that menu bar you'll most likely want to use, and displays that panel. On later calls which use that same menu bar, the menu panel displayed will be the last one you used. EDDY loads the MENU module from EDDY.AUX when you press [Alt+F1], if enough memory is available (around 24K). If you double click on the MENU button, the last command you have used by selecting from the menu will be repeated. This is particularly useful for tagging several files for the same action, such as COPY or DELETE. The menus and HELP screens have their own color attributes, not tied to those used for other EDDY screens (but menu colors are the same as HELP colors). These colors may be customized as desired (see Section 26.2). 2.2.3 Dialog Boxes Some commands need more information in order to accomplish their functions. For example, [Alt+Shift+t] is used to select a new target directory; press- ing it displays a dialog box asking you to enter the required path. For these boxes, just type the required information, and press [Enter] when you are finished. EDDY will use the new information according to the type of command involved. If you make a mistake, or decide not to continue, press [Esc] and whatever you have typed will be discarded. Dialog boxes are used with these commands: [Alt+t]/[Alt+Shift+t]: inquire/change/create TARGET directory [Alt+v]: change/create VOLUME label [Alt+w]/[Alt+Shift+w]: change WORKING directory/file selection [^w]: "Where's That File?" search for WORKING directory [Shift+F9]: point-n-shoot They may also appear as the result of some other commands, such as [F5] - COPY file -- when no target directory has been given. When a dialog box is displayed, the area into which to type data is highlighted in reverse video (or underline, with monochrome monitors). Text entry may be done in either "insert" mode, in which each keystroke entered pushes everything right one character, or "replace" mode, in which each keystroke overlays the character at the cursor. You may toggle between insert and replace modes by pressing [Ins]. If you are in insert mode, a "right arrow" will appear directly below the cursor. When the dialog box is first displayed, replace mode is in effect. If there is an initial string displayed, such as a path, you may edit it as desired, and press [Enter] when the result is ready for use. If the first key you press after the initial display is a character (i.e., not a cursor control key) in the first (leftmost) position, the initial string will be erased, allowing a completely new string to be entered. In addition, [^End] will always erase from the cursor to the end of line. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-8 If you want to redisplay the initial string after it has been erased, or after you have modified it, move the cursor to the leftmost position and press [Home]. NOTE: The dialog boxes associated with the commands... [Alt+f]: FIND string in file [Alt+r]: FIND and REPLACE string in file do not follow these rules. Refer to Section 16 for more information. 2.2.4 List Boxes These boxes present a list of items for which state values may be selected (e.g., "ON/OFF", "YES/NO/MAYBE"). List boxes are used with these commands: [Alt+a]: file attribute filter selection [Alt+c]: inquire/change controls for Copy & Move [Alt+o]: inquire/change options To set values for an item in the list, move the highlighted cursor bar to the item and click the left mouse button or press [SpaceBar]. When all values are set correctly, move the cursor to the "OK/Cancel" line, ensure the "OK" box is highlighted, and left click or press [Enter]. The highlight is moved between "OK" and "Cancel" by pressing [Left] or [Right]. If you click on this line or [Enter] while "Cancel" is highlighted, all changes will be discarded. Changes may be discarded at any time by right clicking or pressing [Esc] -- from any line. To restore settings to the values they had when EDDY started executing -- the default values, possibly modified by settings made from the command line -- press [*] or left click on the "*" line. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-9 2.3 Options - [Alt+o] Options tell EDDY which of two possible courses of action you want used in various situations. For example, you may choose option settings to determine: 1) if and how a file's "archive" attribute should be changed when the file is copied; 2) whether to interpret characters typed in the filename field as changes to the filename or as a signal to search for a matching filename; 3) whether to use color in the display or not. Options may be set either ON or OFF, with corresponding meanings described below. Options (unless EDDY has been otherwise customized, as described in Section 26) are initially set to OFF. Change option settings (except /U and /W) by pressing [Alt+o]. A list box will appear. Pressing any of the option letters toggles the option setting between ON and OFF. Or move the cursor to an option and press [SpaceBar]. When the settings are the way you want them, press [Enter]. Pressing [*] resets the options to the values they had when EDDY started: i.e., the default values, as modified by any options you used on the command line (see Section 3.2). Options which may be set from the list box are designated by letters. In addition to those options, there are certain options which may only be specified from the command line. These are designated by numbers. The available letter options are: /A - Do not change the file archive (modify) attribute when copying or moving files. Default (option /A OFF) action depends on the drives used... - Floppy to floppy: copy's attributes set same as original - Hard disk to hard disk: copy's attributes set same as original - Floppy to hard disk: copy's archive attribute OFF, original unchanged - Hard disk to floppy: copy's archive attribute ON, original OFF - Remote (network) drives: attributes never changed /B - Turn off the "beep" that normally sounds for errors or warnings. /C - Do not change the cursor size. Default is to use a larger cursor in EDIT mode, a full-height cursor in PATCH mode, and set it to a two-pixel high underline at exit. If you start EDDY with this option OFF, and then turn it on, EDDY will not reset the cursor at exit. With /E and /C both ON, /C has no effect - i.e., the cursor will be changed /D - Include directory sizes in the display. Disk space used by subdirec- tories is normally not included in the EDIT mode display. With option /D ON, all such space will be accounted for. However, gathering the infor- mation is VERY time-consuming, particularly on lower-speed hardware, so you may wish to use it only if it is really important to you. Option /D has no effect on remote (network) drives. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 2-10 /E - Set EGA or VGA monitor to use "extra-line" text display mode (43 or 50 lines). If the monitor is already in extra-line mode when EDDY starts, the option display window -- [Alt+o] -- will show /E is ON. If you change /E while in EDDY, the display mode will change immediately. If you were also using option /C, that option is turned OFF when /E changes /F - Turn on filename editing (i.e., renaming). When /F is ON, files may be renamed by typing the new filename over the old. If /F is OFF, typing in the filename field causes a "speed search" for a file with a matching name. See Section 4.1 for more on this. With option /F turned OFF, pressing [Ins] in EDIT mode turns renaming ON for that file only, until the cursor moves to another line. When option /F is ON (file renaming enabled), a "." appears between the filename and extension fields. If it is ON for only the current file (i.e., you pressed [Ins]), then only that file's display has the ".". /H - Files with "hidden" or "system" attributes are not normally displayed unless they are explicitly requested by use of attribute filtering -- and with filtering, ONLY files with those attributes will be shown. To include these files by default, together with all other files, use option /H. /K - Some error and status messages are displayed briefly (about 3 seconds) and then disappear. If you would rather have the messages remain until you press a key (any key), use this option. In this case, if the key you press is one of EDDY's command keys, the command will be executed. /L - List control. Changes the scope of the [Ctrl]-shifted commands. Normally, these commands affect all files listed, starting from the top of the display (i.e., the first file). If you want EDDY to start from the current cursor position (ignoring files higher up in the list), use /L. /M - Monochrome monitor. Useful with mono monitor + Color Graphics Adapter, and with some laptops. Other combinations do not need option /U, although it will toggle between color and mono on any color monitor. /R - RAM Editing. With this option turned ON, EDDY treats the PC's memory as a file, which you may LOOK at, FIND strings in, PATCH or COPY. /U - Use minimum memory. This option reduces EDDY's memory requirement by about 50K bytes. It achieves this reduction by using a smaller I/O buffer, @ which means slightly slower copying and moving. This option can be set ONLY from the DOS command line. /W - Set "Where's That File?" searching; move to next directory that has a file which matches the current file spec and any timestamp and/or attribute filter used. Search from working directory downward in the directory tree. This option can be set by the user ONLY from the DOS command line. It is set internally by EDDY when the [^w] command is used. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 3-1 3. EDDY's DOS Command Line When EDDY is executed without any options, paths or filenames given on the command line, the current DOS default drive and directory path are used. The command line format is: EDDY [/option...] [work] [target] [+attribute...] ["timestamp"] (The brackets -- "[" and "]" -- are not part of the format, and should not be typed on the command line) All parameters are optional. The last two parameters, "attribute" and "timestamp", are for use in selecting files to be displayed by criteria other than paths and filenames with wildcards. Full explanations of these are given in Section 17. If you enter a command line in the wrong format, the format description line (above) will be displayed, with an arrow pointing to the parameter in error. 3.1 Path Specifications On the command line, [work] defines the working directory, in normal DOS format, just as used with the DIR command (i.e., d:\path\filename.ext). Wild card characters are supported. If no filename is given, *.* is assumed. Paths may be specified using either "\" or "/", as you prefer. Similarly, ";" is treated as ":", on the assumption that you forgot to [Shift]. [target] defines the target directory, to receive any files copied or moved. No filenames are allowed in the [target] specification. For example, "EDDY . c:" would display all files in the DOS default directory on the DOS default drive, and any files copied or moved would go to the DOS default directory on drive "c:". If you enter an unambiguous filename -- i.e., no wildcards -- EDDY will go straight into LOOK mode for that file. When you exit LOOK, the working directory will be "*.*". (After going to LOOK in this way, you may notice that your disk's "busy" light comes on for a bit. Not to worry! EDDY is using the time between keystrokes to build the "*.*" display, to be ready when you exit from LOOK.) For example, "EDDY c:\testdir\abc" would display all files in subdirectory "\abc" or, if there is no such subdirectory, display the contents of file "abc" in the "testdir" subdirectory. Working and target directories may be changed during execution, as explained in Section 5. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 3-2 3.2 Options on the Command Line Options may also be given to EDDY on the DOS command line, as with normal DOS commands, -- e.g., "EDDY/A/K" tells EDDY to use options "A" and "K". Options, if any, must be first, before any path or other specifications. If your version of DOS supports "switch" characters other than "/" for command line parameters (options), EDDY will accept whatever character you use with your system (e.g., "-" is preferred by some users). Details of the options are presented in Section 2.3. In addition to those options, which are known by their "letter" designators, there are certain parameters which may be specified from the command line. These options are designated by numbers. They allow specification of settings that are not the normal defaults for the way you use EDDY, or for batch operations (see Section 24). The numeric options are: /0 - Execute in "customize" mode, to create a copy of EDDY with various features tailored to your preference (see Section 26). /1x - Override the normal startup display sequence. "x" must be one of the sort sequence codes defined in Section 1.5.2. If "x" is a capital letter, the sequence will be in ascending order; if lowercase, in descending order. /2xxxxxx - Override the normal Synchronization Control settings, as described in Section 10. From 1 to 6 "x"s may be used. Each "x" must be "c", "y" or "n" except "c" is invalid for the sixth one. Either case is O.K. /5, /6, /7, /8 - These options correspond to keys [^F5], [^F6], [^F7] and [Shift+^F7] (COPY, MOVE, DELETE and DESTROY all files). Only one of these options may be used at a time. When any of these are used, the corresponding command is carried out in batch mode. 3.3 Other Command Line Parameters Two other parameters may be entered on the command line: an "attribute filter" specification and/or a "timestamp filter" specification. These specifications are used to select files for display based on their file attributes -- hidden, directory, etc. -- or date and time. They are explained in detail in Sections 17.2.1 and 17.3.1, respectively. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 4-1 4. Editing Directory Entries To select a file for editing, move the cursor to the line of the display for that file. The line with the cursor will be highlighted, and the corresponding file becomes the "current file". Editing is then done by simply typing the new information over the old on the screen. The cursor will skip over fields which can't be edited, such as file size. If you try to enter data which is not valid (e.g., letters in a date or time field), EDDY will "beep" at you and ignore the entry. It is possible to enter combinations of characters which result in invalid data in a field. For example, "02" is a valid month and "31" is a valid day, but together they are an invalid date. EDDY catches errors of this type whenever you try to move the cursor off of the current file. EDDY "beeps" and puts the cursor on the field where the error was detected. When any editing has been done, an "*" will appear at the right end of the line to indicate that changes have been made to that file. 4.1 Selecting a File or Directory (Speed Search) There are two ways to move the cursor to the file (or directory) entry you are interested in: by using the cursor keys ([Up], [Down], etc.), or directly, by using the "speed search" feature (with option /F turned OFF). With the cursor on the filename, typing any character that's valid for a filename tells EDDY to move the cursor to the next entry in the display with a name that matches. Matching is done from the first character of the current filename up to and including the character just typed. For example, consider the display shown in Figure 1-1 (Section 1.4). If you were positioned on the "WOMBAT" entry, with the cursor on the "W", and you pressed [e], the cursor would move to the "EDDY" directory entry, with the cursor on the first "D". If you then pressed [r], the cursor would move to the "ERROUT.ASM" filename, on the second "R". If you press [Shift] and type a letter, that letter will always be matched against the FIRST letter of the file or directory name, regardless of which byte of the name the cursor is currently positioned on. Refer again to Figure 1-1. Suppose you were positioned at the top of the file list, and held down [Shift] while pressing [e] three times in a row. The cursor would move first to the "EDDY" directory entry, then to the "ERROUT.ASM" filename, and finally to the "ERROUT.OBJ" filename. Speed search is disabled when option /F is ON. Speed search is also available for choosing directories from the directory tree display, as described in Section 5.3.2. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 4-2 4.2 Renaming Files Turn on option /F (explained in Section 2.3) if you want to rename files. If this method is used, speed search, as described above, is disabled; typing over the filename field renames the file. To rename a file without disabling speed search, first press [Ins]. This turns on /F only while the cursor remains on the current line; as soon as it moves to a new line, /F is reset. To rename a file, type the new name over the old on the screen. A "*" will appear to the right of the extension, to remind you that a change has been made. The file will be renamed on disk when you enter UPDATE mode. Any valid characters for filenames may be entered, including spaces (except the first character may not be a space). Valid characters are any in the range 20h through 7Eh, except for these: [ . " / \ : | < > + = ; , ] Lower case letters are converted to upper case by DOS. You can rename files with EDDY so that they can't be used with normal DOS commands, by using names containing embedded blanks. When you rename a file, after UPDATE it will be moved to its proper place in the display, according to the sort sequence then in effect. When you rename a file, but you have not yet UPDATEd, the new name is used in any situation involving comparison of directory entries in the working and target directories. For example, when comparing timestamps for a COPY command, the comparison process will use the entry (if any) in the target with a name matching the NEW name shown for the current file. 4.3 Changing Timestamps Dates are displayed in mmddyy, ddmmyy, or yymmdd format, depending on the use of DOS's "COUNTRY.SYS; times are displayed based on a 12-hour clock with an "a" or "p" to show a.m. or p.m. Only valid month/day/year combinations may be entered. Hours in the range 01 to 12 are accepted; minutes and seconds must be less than 60. Seconds may be set only to even numbers -- a DOS limitation. You can set the date and time to all zeros. If you do this, the timestamp will not be displayed at all when you use the DOS "DIR" command. Useful to call attention to entries in a "DIR" listing. EDDY keeps an internal timestamp. EDDY's internal timestamp is either the current DOS date and time, or a date and time which was set by pressing [Alt+equal]. Pressing [Alt+equal] freezes EDDY's timestamp at the date and time of the current file or directory entry, until changed by another [Alt+equal]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 4-3 Pressing [=] puts EDDY's internal timestamp on the file. [Alt+minus] undoes the effect of a previous [Alt+equal]; i.e., tells EDDY to use the current DOS timestamp. When a change has been made to the date or time, an asterisk will appear in the line to the right of the field changed. 4.4 Changing File Attributes Attribute bit settings are displayed under the heading "RHSDAN", indicating R)EAD-ONLY, H)IDDEN, S)YSTEM, D)IRECTORY, A)RCHIVE and N)ETWORK file attributes, respectively. Attributes may be displayed in two different styles. Press [Tab] to toggle between these styles. You may set the default style by customizing. See Section 26.3.2e, the "attributes style" parameter, for more information. With either style, when the cursor is in the attributes field, pressing one of the attribute letters [R], [H], [S] or [A] (case doesn't matter) toggles the attribute setting between ON and OFF. 4.4.1 Attributes Style #1 In the display, a '.' will appear in the column for an attribute that is OFF, and the letter of the attribute will appear if it is ON. Figure 1-1 is an example of this. To change an attribute setting to ON, type "+" or "y" in the corresponding column; to change the setting to OFF, type "-" or "n". When you type "y" or "n" in an attribute field, the attribute is marked as changed, and the cursor moves right, to the next attribute for that file. When you type "+" or "-", the cursor moves down to the next file's attribute field, in the same column. When an attribute has been changed to ON, a "+" will appear in that column. If it has been changed to OFF, a "-" will be shown. You can also change an attribute for all files in the working directory with a single command. Move the cursor to the column of the attribute you want to change (the line the cursor is on doesn't matter unless option /L is ON) and press [^y] or [^n]. 4.4.2 Attributes Style #2 If you choose this style, a "y" indicates the attribute is ON for this file; "n" means it is OFF. Figure 1-2 is an example of this. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 4-4 Changing attribute settings works the same as for attributes style 1. The only difference is that, when a change has been made to an attribute bit, that attribute will be displayed as a capital "Y" or "N" instead of lowercase. 4.4.3 "Network-shareable" Attribute A number of users have asked about the "network-shareable" (formerly referred to as the "shared") attribute, as it is not included in most DOS reference books/manuals. In Novell's Netware -- and in other network software -- files are assigned a full 16-bit word of attributes. These include the standard DOS attributes as a subset, using the corresponding DOS bit positions. One of the network-unique attributes is "shared", and they use bit 7 of their attribute word for that. To avoid conflict with the letter used for the DOS "system" attribute, and to remind the user that it's related to networks, EDDY calls it "network-shareable". When you use the DOS interrupt 21h "get attributes" service, and the file is on a networked drive, the "network redirector" mechanism returns the low-order byte of the network attribute word. If the "network-shareable" bit happens to be ON, then it's passed through from DOS in that state, and thus reported by EDDY. It can't normally be modified from DOS. You COULD sector-patch it with EDDY, if you really wanted to. In systems where the shared attribute is used, it's a very important piece of information. It means that the file is one which may be shared by several users on a network. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-1 5. Moving to a New Directory You can change EDDY's working directory and/or target directory at any time. These may be on the same or different disks. 5.1 Dialog Boxes or Tree Diagrams -- Your Choice You have a choice of selecting directories from a graphical tree diagram or by text entry, using a dialog box. The tree diagram is generally easier to use, but the dialog box is needed in certain situations, described below. Also, there is a delay associated with the tree diagram the first time a disk is accessed (or each time, on a floppy). The dialog box entry method is needed if you want to change the file specification used to select files for inclusion in the working directory display (e.g., you want to use "*.CPP" rather than "*.*"). It is also needed if you want to create a new directory for use as the target. 5.1.1 How to Choose To choose a new working or target directory, press [Alt+w] or [Alt+t], respectively. [Alt+w] and [Alt+t] work identically, except for the directory they refer to. For the remainder of this section (5.1.1), any reference to [Alt+w] and working directory also applies to [Alt+t] and target directory. The first time you press [Alt+w], you'll see the dialog box for entry of a new working directory. Press [Alt+w] while this box is displayed, and EDDY will switch to the tree diagram for working directory selection. Once you have requested the tree diagram, it will be considered your first choice for working directory selection. Anytime you press [Alt+w] from the EDIT mode display, you will see the tree display, not the dialog box. If you want to switch your choice back to the dialog box, press [Alt+w] while the tree diagram is displayed. [Alt+w] may be toggled in this way as often as you wish. If you customize your copy of EDDY (see Section 26), the default action for [Alt+w] will be set to the action (tree or box) in effect when you customize. You may use the dialog box anytime you want, regardless of the action setting then in effect for [Alt+w]; if you press [Shift] at the same time -- i.e., [Alt+Shift+w] -- the dialog box will always be displayed. This does not affect the action setting for [Alt+w]. REMEMBER: All references to [Alt+w] also apply to [Alt+t]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-2 5.1.2 Performance Considerations When EDDY scans a drive to determine the tree structure, you may save the scanned data in a file for later use (by pressing [F5]). This has the advantage of faster display creation, but may be inaccurate if you have made changes to the directory structure since the file was created. a. Memory is Always Up-to-Date EDDY maintains the tree structure information for up to two drives in memory. If a third drive's tree is requested, one of the memory areas will be reused, and any later access to the previous drive's tree will incur the initial delay again. If a tree data memory area is needed to be reused, an area associated with a floppy drive will be selected if possible. This minimizes extra delays, as the tree data for floppy disks is refreshed with every reference anyway. If you use the DOS Gateway or Point-n-Shoot functions, EDDY has no way of knowing what changes may have been made. Therefore, the tree information will be refreshed the next time the tree diagram is requested, and so you'll experience the delay again in this case, too. Also, if you change the tree by creating new (target) directories, or by renaming, moving or deleting directories, the tree information must be refreshed. The maximum number of directories which EDDY can handle for one disk drive is difficult to specify, as it depends on how long the directory names are -- shorter names take less space. However, if your drive has all 12-byte directory names (ffffffff.eee), 480 of them can be accommodated. The tree data may also be overwritten if you call on functions that need more memory, and the only way to get it is to use the memory where the tree data is stored. Functions that MAY produce this condition are: LOOK, UPDATE, HELP, and MENUs. b. Save a Tree - [F5] If you have directory structures (trees) that don't change very often, consider saving the tree data in a file. For subsequent tree displays, the data from the file will be used, saving the normal scanning delay. Press [F5] while the tree diagram is displayed to save the data. It will be saved in a file called "EDDYTREE.{x}", where "x" is the drive ID letter. This file will be stored in the root directory of the drive involved. If you press [F5] again later, the file will be overwritten by the new data. When you ask for the tree diagram, the data from EDDYTREE.{x} will always be used to create the display if the file exists (and has not been corrup- ted). If the file is used, you'll see "EDDYTREE.{x}" at the lower left corner of the screen. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-3 If you suspect that the tree data from the file might be out-of-date, you may refresh the display (a new tree structure scan) by pressing [^x], where "x" is the drive ID letter of the currently-displayed drive. Note that refreshing the displayed tree by pressing [^x] does NOT update the tree data file automatically. Except when EDDY finds an already-existing, but out-of-date version of EDDYTREE.{x}, the file is updated only when you request it explicitly, by pressing [F5]. If EDDY finds that the tree file is out-of-date (e.g., tree file doesn't include the DOS default directory on that drive), it will be rebuilt, and automatically updated on your disk. Since the file was on your disk already, EDDY assumes you still want it. 5.2 Directory Selection via Dialog Box To request the dialog box for entering working or target directories, press [Alt+Shift+w] or [Alt+Shift+t], respectively. Then enter the full path including drive and/or root, or a partial path that EDDY will interpret relative to the working or target directory, as appropriate. If your entry includes a drive and root (e.g., "C:\WORK"), EDDY will use the specification exactly as you enter it. If you enter only a drive (e.g., "C:"), the DOS default directory for that drive will become the EDDY's (working or target) directory. If the DOS default is not the root, it will be displayed before it is used. When typing a path, you may use [Ins] and [Del] to make changes to it. If you are working with exceptionally long path strings, they may be "abbreviated" in the display. (See Section 1.5.1). If the path you want to change (working or target directory) is abbreviated, it will not appear in the dialog box. 5.2.1 Working Directory Dialog Box - [Alt+Shift+w] / [Alt+w] The working directory may be changed by pressing [Alt+Shift+w] (or [Alt+w], if that key is set to request the dialog box) and entering the new path, according to the rules described in the preceding paragraph. A file specification may also be entered, either with or without a path. If you enter only a file specification (e.g., "*.BAT"), that file specification will be used with the working directory. EDDY tries to use your specification as a path. If no such path can be found, what you have entered is used as a file specification. If you start the name with a "\", EDDY interprets this as a directory path starting from the root of the working directory's drive. If there's no initial "\", EDDY appends the name you provide to the end of the working directory path string, and uses that as the new directory. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-4 For example: suppose your working directory is C:\UTIL and the DOS default on drive D: is D:\WORK. After pressing [Alt+w], if you type... "\" or ".." the new working directory will be C:\ "\FOO" the new working directory will be C:\FOO "FOO" (or "C:FOO") the new working directory will be C:\UTIL\FOO "D:" the new working directory will be D:\WORK "D:FOO" the new working directory will be D:\WORK\FOO Also see Section 5.8 if you work with "SUBST"ed drives. If you change your working directory to the same as your target directory, the target directory specification in EDDY will be set to "no target". If you then enter a COPY or MOVE command, EDDY will ask you for a new target. For other ways to change directories, see Sections 5.5 (Exchange Working & Target Directories), 5.7 (Where's That File?) and 8.1 (LOOK at Directory). 5.2.2 Target Directory Dialog Box - [Alt+Shift+t] / [Alt+t] The target directory may be changed by pressing [Alt+Shift+t] (or [Alt+t], if that key is set to request the dialog box). EDDY will display the target drive and path (or tell you that there is no target) and allow you to change the target directory if you wish. If you don't want to enter a new target directory after pressing [Alt+Shift+t], press [Esc]. The target directory will remain unchanged. No file specification may be used in the target directory path specification; only a drive and path are allowed. The target directory cannot be set the same as the working directory. Partial path specifications are interpreted exactly as described above, for working directories, if there is no target. If there is a target, partial paths are interpreted relative to it. If you start the name with a "\", EDDY interprets this as a directory path starting from the root of the target directory's drive. If there's no initial "\", EDDY appends the name you provide to the end of the target directory path string, and uses that as the new directory. For example: suppose your target directory is C:\TGT and the DOS default on drive D: is D:\EASY. Then, after pressing [Alt+Shift+t], if you type... "\" or ".." the new target directory will be C:\ "\MONEY" the new target directory will be C:\MONEY "MONEY" (or "C:MONEY") the new target directory will be C:\TGT\MONEY "D:" the new target directory will be D:\EASY "D:MONEY" the new target directory will be D:\EASY\MONEY . If you enter a target directory name that doesn't exist after pressing [Alt+Shift+t] or [Alt+x], EDDY will normally ask if you want to create a new directory. However, if any parts of the path preceding the name of the directory are also invalid, you will just get an error message. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-5 5.2.3 Target Tracking - [=] Target tracking is the feature that tells EDDY to automatically change the target directory according to changes you make to the working directory. This feature makes it easy to synchronize directories on different disks when the disks have similar tree structures at upper levels, but differ at deeper levels in the tree. For example, suppose you have a setup such as: C:\ BAT DOS DRIVERS and a diskette UTIL on which you have: PERSONAL FINANCE A:\ ADDRESS ADDRESS LETTERS LETTERS BUSINESS BUSINESS FRIENDS FRIENDS RESUME ETC GAMES PICTURES HUMOR ...and so on If your working directory is C:\PERSONAL and your target is A:\, you could use target tracking to synchronize corresponding directories. To select target tracking, press [=] and then [Enter] while the target directory dialog box is on screen. Note that you cannot select target tracking unless there is a target directory in effect already. Now, if you press [F3] (or [Enter]) on the ADDRESS entry in the EDIT mode display, A:\ADDRESS will automatically become the new target. If you then press [F3] on the ".." entry, the target will be A:\ again. Press [F3] on the LETTERS entry, and the target changes to A:\LETTERS. As long as you use [F3] (or [Enter]) to change working directories, AND there are corresponding directories in the target disk's directory tree, the target will follow ("track") the working directory changes. If you select a new working OR target directory by using the dialog box or tree selection methods, directory tracking will be turned off. Similarly, it will be turned off if you move to a working directory that doesn't have a corresponding directory on the target disk (such as C:\PERSONAL\FINANCE in the example above). When "target tracking" is in effect, the display will show "Target=" in the lower right-hand corner, instead of the normal "Target:". EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-6 5.3 Directory Selection from Tree Diagram To request the tree diagram for the working directory's drive, press [Alt+w]; for the target directory's drive, [Alt+t]. If you get the dialog box display, press [Alt+w] or [Alt+t], respectively, again. 5.3.1 Tree Display Format In the tree diagram, four types of directories are distinguished: - The DOS default directory is shown in "braces", like {THIS}. - The working directory is shown enclosed in the special "double angle-brackets" characters, and looks something like <<THIS>>. - The target directory has solid triangle characters pointing to it on either side. These characters are unprintable on many printers, and are not shown here. They will be obvious in the display. - Other directories have no special characters enclosing them. The working/target directory will be highlighted when the tree is displayed. To select a new directory, move the highlight to it and press [Enter] (or left-click the mouse). 5.3.2 Moving the Tree Highlight (Speed Search) The highlight may be moved with the mouse, the cursor keys, or by using the "speed search" feature. The mouse and cursor keys work generally as you'd expect. However, note that a [Right] arrow or mouse move always moves to the next directory in the tree. Repetitions of [Right] will eventually visit every directory in the tree -- a complete "tree walk". When the highlight is on the last directory in the tree, another [Right] will wrap back to the root. A [Left] arrow or mouse move goes to the parent of the currently highlighted directory. Repeated [Left]s will quickly return to the root. To move the highlight, just start typing the directory name you want to select. This is the speed search feature. Speed search works the same way it does for directory displays in EDIT mode, as described in Section 4.1. (Except that option /F has no effect). A cursor within the highlight shows where the next character typed will be placed (just as in EDIT mode). This cursor is not moved by using the cursor keys; they move the highlight, as described above. The cursor moves right one column for each character typed. Press [BackSpace] to move left. After positioning the highlight, press [Enter] to select a directory as the new work or target. Alternatively, press [Alt+F10]. [Alt+F10] tells EDDY to terminate, leaving the selected drive/directory as the new DOS default. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-7 5.3.3 Moving to a New Drive - [^letter] / [\] If you press [\] or [^\], you'll get a list of valid drives to choose from. Either press a letter from the list, or move the cursor to the desired drive letter and then [Enter] or left-click. The actions resulting from using [\] depend on what is on screen when you press it, and whether you are currently using directory selection via dialog box or via tree diagram. 1. Tree diagram on screen: The drive list will pop up on top of the tree display. When you choose a drive from the list, the tree for that drive will be displayed. 2. EDIT mode display on screen, directory selection via tree diagram: The diagram for the working directory's drive will be displayed. When you choose a drive from the list, the tree for that drive will be displayed. 3. EDIT mode display on screen, directory selection via dialog box: The drive list will pop up on top of the EDIT display. Choosing a drive from the list changes the working directory selection mode to "via tree diagram" (just as though you had pressed [Alt+w] twice, followed by [\]), and then the tree for the drive you chose will be displayed. 4. Working directory dialog box on screen: The tree diagram for the working directory's drive will be displayed. You will now be in tree diagram mode for any subsequent working directory selection. (This is the same result as pressing [Alt+w] while the box is displayed). The drive list will pop up on top of the tree display. When you select a drive from the list, the tree for that drive will be displayed. 5. Target directory dialog box on screen: The tree diagram for the target directory's drive will be displayed. You will now be in tree diagram mode for any subsequent target directory selection. (This is the same result as pressing [Alt+t] while the box is displayed). The drive list will pop up on top of the tree display. When you select a drive from the list, the tree for that drive will be displayed. While the tree diagram is displayed, diagrams for other drives may be displayed by pressing [Ctrl] and the drive letter identifier; e.g., to get the tree display for drive C:, press [^c]. To go directly to the tree diagram for any valid drive from the dialog box, press [^letter] while the working directory dialog box is on-screen; the action is just as though you had pressed [Alt+w], followed immediately by [^letter]. That is, you'll get the tree display for the drive, and any subsequent use of [Alt+w] from EDIT mode will yield the tree display rather than the dialog box. [^letter] pressed while the target directory dialog box is on-screen works similarly. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-8 5.3.4 Working Directory Tree - [Alt+w] With the tree diagram displayed, move the highlight to the name of the directory you wish to become the working directory, and press [Enter] (or left-click). The highlighted directory will become the new working directory. If you change your working directory to the same as your target directory, the target directory specification in EDDY will be set to "no target". If you then enter a COPY or MOVE command, EDDY will ask you for a new target. When you display the tree diagram for the working directory's drive, you will NOT see the DOS default directory for that drive enclosed in "{ }". This is because EDDY always changes the DOS default directory on the working directory's drive to be the same as EDDY's working directory while EDDY is in control. When you exit from EDDY, the DOS default directory that was in effect when you started EDDY is restored as the default (normally -- see Section 15 for more information). If you display the tree for another drive (e.g., by pressing [^c]) you WILL see the DOS default directory on that drive. If the working directory is on a SUBST'ed drive which is part of the new drive's tree structure, both the {DEFAULT} and <<WORKING>> directories will be indicated. 5.3.5 Target Directory Tree - [Alt+t] With the tree diagram displayed, move the highlight to the desired directory name and press [Enter] (or left-click). The highlighted directory will become the new target directory. You may not select a target directory the same as the working directory. If you press [Alt+t] with no target directory previously selected, the tree diagram for the working directory will be displayed. 5.4 Directory Selection from Drive List - [\] Press [\] from EDIT mode to display a list of valid drives. Choose a drive from this list -- by typing the letter, or "clicking" on it -- and the working directory will be changed as follows: If the drive you choose is different from your working directory's drive, the new working directory will be set to the DOS default directory on the chosen drive. If the drive you choose is the same as your working directory's drive, the new working directory will be the root directory on that drive. (If your working directory was already the root, there'll be no change). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-9 5.5 Exchange Working & Target Directories - [Alt+x] To exchange the working and target directories, press [Alt+x] (This turns off option /W if it is on -- see Section 5.7). When you exchange, EDDY will "remember" your current file, and will return the cursor to that file if you later exchange back (with no intervening changes of directory). 5.6 Directory Recall - [Shift+F10], [Shift+^F10] Directory recall may be set for the current working directory by pressing [Shift+F10]. This directory may later be "recalled" as the working directory by pressing [Shift+^F10]. See Section 15.1 for more information on using directory recall. 5.7 Where's That File? - Option /W and [^w] To find the directory (or directories) a file is in, use option /W from the command line and/or the [^w] command within EDDY. For example, enter: EDDY/W C:\FOO*.* to search drive "C:" for any directory that has a filename beginning with "FOO" in it, with any extension. If a directory is found that contains such a file, that directory will be set as the working directory. Press [^w] to find the next such directory, if any. If you enter: EDDY/W ">06/15/91", EDDY will search the directory tree starting from DOS's default directory, and will stop when a file is found that was created after the indicated date (see "Filtering by Timestamp"). From the command line, using option /W causes EDDY to search the disk for matching files, starting with the given working directory and continuing downward in the directory tree. The directories are searched in "unsorted" sequence; i.e., the order they actually are stored on your disk. The working directory which will be displayed is the first one found which has matching files. If there is no match, you'll get "File not found". Pressing [^w] when option /W is off turns /W on, and EDDY then searches from the working directory downward in the tree for a directory with one or more files matching the current file, attribute and/or timestamp specifi- cations. If found, that directory becomes the new working directory. If there are no matches, you'll get "File not found", and /W is turned off. Pressing [^w] when option /W is on causes EDDY to search the directory tree for the next directory, relative to the working directory in use when you first pressed [^w], which contains matching files. Using [^w] again will display the next directory, if any, which has matching files. Explicitly changing working directory (by using [F3], [Alt+w], [Alt+Shift+w] or [Alt+x]) will turn off option /W. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 5-10 5.8 Working With "SUBST"ed Directories EDDY can switch freely between SUBST'ed drives and subdirectories and their un-SUBST'ed, fully expanded path equivalents. 5.8.1 From the Command Line Suppose your current DOS default drive is actually SUBST'ed, and you are in the highest level directory of that SUBST'ed drive (i.e., what is effectively the "root" directory for that drive). In this case, if you specify either the working or target directory as "..", the true drive and path will be used. For example, if you earlier used the DOS command "SUBST X: C:\FOO\BAR" and your DOS default drive is "X:", using ".." will be interpreted by EDDY as "C:\FOO". If your DOS default is "X:\WORK", EDDY would interpret ".." the same way DOS does -- i.e., "X:\". 5.8.2 Interactively Once EDDY is executing, if you change directories as described in Sections 5.1 - 5.5, or by using [F3] as described in Section 8.1, you have even more flexibility with SUBST'ed drives. Using ".." works the same as it does on the command line, as described in the preceding section. However, "." used from within EDDY is interpreted as the un-SUBST'ed, fully expanded path string. Thus, using the example in the preceding section, if your working directory is "X:\WORK" and you use ".", EDDY will interpret this as "C:\FOO\BAR\WORK". This is only a change in the way the directory is referenced; it is the same physical directory no matter which string is used to refer to it. Therefore, the display of files, bytes used, etc., will not be affected. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 6-1 6. HELP When You Need It - [F1] When you have a choice to make as to how you want EDDY to proceed, you can get relevant HELP information by pressing [F1]. The HELP screen you get will be different, depending on what you were doing when you pressed [F1] (or clicked the left and right mouse buttons within the double click time interval). Once you are in HELP mode, pressing [F1] displays the menu of available topics. You may select from the menu, or press [PgUp] or [PgDn] to view the screens sequentially. Or, if you choose the highlighted "Topic Search by Keyword", you may search for HELP information on any topic you require. See Section 6.2 for more about keywords. For the HELP function to operate, EDDY must be able to find the file "EDDY.AUX". EDDY can find it in any of the following directories: - A directory which is mentioned in your DOS PATH statement - The working directory - The directory you executed EDDY from (if you have DOS 3.0 or higher) The initial HELP display, which appears when you type just "EDDY" with nothing else on the command line, is disabled when you use a customized or a registered copy of EDDY (see Section 26), or if you run a copy that has been renamed. However, if EDDY finds he's running a customized copy on a machine that appears to be different from the one where the customizing was done, the initial HELP is re-enabled. EDDY loads the HELP module from EDDY.AUX when you press [F1], if there is enough memory available (around 65K). The HELP screens and menus have their own color attributes, not tied to those used for other EDDY screens (but HELP colors are the same as menu colors). These colors may be customized as desired (see Section 26.2). 6.1 HELP for Warnings and Other Messages Most of EDDY's messages can readily be understood from their wording and context. For those that seem worthy of a bit more explanation, however, Appendix B of this document offers further information. When there is more information provided in Appendix B, a message to that effect will appear beneath the warning or error message. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 6-2 6.2 Topic Search by Keyword When viewing HELP screens, pressing [F1] again displays the HELP Topic Menu with "Topic Search by Keyword" highlighted. Press [Enter] and you'll get a screen which allows you to enter keywords (maximum: 5) of your choice. From other parts of EDDY, when you would normally press [F1] to get HELP, you may use [Shift+F1] instead. If you do this, you will go directly to the keyword entry screen, rather than to the HELP screen that would normally be displayed in that situation (i.e., context-sensitive HELP is overridden by pressing [Shift+F1]). If you double click on the HELP button, HELP's keyword search screen will appear, just as if you had pressed [Shift+F1]. EDDY will use your keywords to search through the text of all of the (40+) available HELP screens (screen titles are not included in the search). The search is not case-sensitive; e.g., "Disk Image" = "disK imagE". EDDY will display the first screen that matches your keyword(s), and any others that matched are available by pressing [PgDn] or [PgUp]. All lines containing one or more of the keywords that were used will be displayed in reverse video. After the first matching page is displayed, anytime you display that same page again, a "beep" will sound. If you separate your keywords by spaces or commas, the search will require that ALL keywords be matched in order for a screen to be selected -- i.e., the keywords are AND'd. To OR the keywords, use "|" (the DOS "piping" symbol) as a separator. Then, any one of the keywords matching is enough to select the screen. ANDs and ORs may not be mixed. Keywords you enter may contain any characters except space, comma or "|". When searching the HELP screen text, in addition to spaces, commas and "|"s, EDDY normally considers the following characters to be "separators", which are not part of any word: . : ; " ? / \ = + ! & % ( ) [ ] # However, if you include any of these as part of a keyword you enter, it will NOT be treated as a separator when searching the HELP text; i.e., if you enter "sh+f8" or "[sh+f8]", the result will be the same. Also, if you enter "sh f8", the same set of screens will be displayed, but more lines would be in reverse video because some lines contain "sh" without the "f8". Similarly, entering "EDDY.USE" will retrieve a subset of the screens that would result if you entered "EDDY" and "USE" ("eddy use", without the quotes). But if you entered "EDDY" and "USE" separated by the "piping" symbol ("eddy | use"), you would get many more screens -- probably ALL of them, although I haven't actually tried that. Keyword search is based on complete words, NOT strings (unlike EDDY's FIND command in LOOK mode). This means, for example, that the keyword "direct" would match only that word; it would not match "directory" or "direction". EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 7-1 7. UNDO Command - [F2], [^F2] Any changes requested may be "Undone" as long as they have not yet been written to disk by entering UPDATE mode. To undo changes on the current file, press [F2]. To undo all changes for all files, press [^F2]. 7.1 Partial UNDO You may UNDO the COPY, MOVE, DELETE and DESTROY commands without affecting other changes pending for the file. Just press the key for the same command again; i.e., if a file is tagged for COPY, and you decide not to COPY, press [F5] and the tag will disappear, but other changes will remain. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-1 8. LOOK Command - [F3], [^F3] LOOK has three variations, depending upon where the cursor is. If the current line has a subdirectory, the request is interpreted as "display the contents of this subdirectory". For normal files, LOOK means "display the contents of this file". If the "Drive X: is..." heading line is under the cursor, LOOK means "treat the entire disk as a file, and display it". 8.1 LOOK at Subdirectory When you LOOK at a subdirectory, you change EDDY's working directory. To do this, move the cursor to the display line of the directory you want to LOOK at and press [F3]. Changing directories with [F3] turns off option /W if it is on. For other ways to change working directory, see Section 5. Figure 8-1 might have been reached from the display in Figure 1-1, as follows: 1) turn on option /R, to get " memory" in the display; 2) move cursor to the subdirectory "EDDY", and press [F3]; 3) in the resulting display (not shown), move cursor to "MACROS" line and press [F3] again. ================================================================================ filename.ext size mmddyy time RHSDAN ^ | DIR of A:\EDDY\MACROS\*.* | Drive A: is EDDY 7 files, 6144 bytes, 2048 bytes free| 1438 bytes wasted (cluster basis)| . <DIR> 11-16-86 8:45:00a ...D.. |======| > .. <DIR> 1-25-87 12:52:02p ...D.. | MENU | | DOS MAC 319 8-25-86 8:43:36p ....A. |======| | KEYBD MAC 621 1-21-87 1:15:14a ....A. [Alt+F1] | MISC MAC 1607 1-21-87 3:49:18p ....A. | OPCODES MAC 1448 2-04-87 7:54:22p ....A. |======| | VIDEO MAC 711 1-21-87 1:38:47d ....A. | HELP | | memory 655360 7-11-88 8:55:00p |======| | [F1] | . . . Target: none | -EDIT- seq=N [F2]:UNDO [F3]:LOOK [F5]:COPY [F6]:MOVE [F7]:DELETE [F9]:DOSv ================================================================================ Figure 8-1 To go to the parent directory of the working directory, move the cursor to the line containing ".." and press [F3] or [Home]. In our example, this would produce the display of "A:\EDDY\*.*". To return to the display of Figure 1-1, use [F3] or [Home] on the ".." line again. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-2 Using [F3] to change directories turns off option /W if it is on. If you move to a new working directory with changes pending (renames, copies, etc., which have not been through an UPDATE), the changes will be discarded -- in effect, Undone. If there are pending changes, EDDY will warn you and ask for confirmation before moving to the new directory. Also see Section 5.8 if you work with "SUBST"ed drives. If there are no changes pending, pressing [Enter] will have the same effect as pressing [F3] if you are positioned on a file, directory or "drive" entry in the display; i.e., you will LOOK at that entry. On other display lines, you'll get the usual "Nothing to update" message. [Enter] always initiates an UPDATE if changes are pending, or if you are customizing EDDY. Note that the third box on the right side of the screen shows "LOOK" as the action corresponding to [Enter] if there are no changes pending; if there are, the box says "UPDATE". If you don't like the use of [Enter] as an alternate way to LOOK, see the description of the "easy look" configuration parameter in Section 26.3.2e. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-3 8.2 LOOK at File Contents (in Working Directory) To LOOK at the data contained in the current file, press [F3]. [^F3] LOOKs at the data in ALL files in the directory, one at a time. Pressing [Esc], or pressing [F3] a second time, returns you to EDIT mode. 8.2.1 LOOK Mode Commands a. Hex/ASCII Format Control - [Tab], [Shift+Tab] EDDY uses the first 512 bytes in a file to decide how to display the data (hex or ASCII format). ASCII is used if at least 80% of the first 512 bytes are printable (20h - 7Eh), formatting control characters -- CR, LF, FF, TAB -- or line/box-drawing characters. Otherwise, hex format is used. [Tab] toggles between ASCII and hex display formats. If you don't like that key, press [Shift+Tab]. EDDY will ask you to press the key you want to use as a toggle. Any function key or [Alt]-shifted key that doesn't conflict with other LOOK, PATCH or FIND usage is OK. E.g., [F5] and [F12] are OK, but [F1] (the "HELP" key) is not; [Alt+h] is OK, but [Alt+b] (used for bit-stripping) isn't. If [Tab] is not used to toggle, it may be used in PATCH and FIND to enter TAB characters (see Sections 9 and 16). As a convenience to users accustomed to earlier versions of EDDY, [Ins] works identically to [Tab]. [Ins] ALWAYS works, even if you have changed the toggle key from [Tab] to something else. b. Printing a File - [Alt+p] / [^p] Pressing [Alt+p] prints the current file. Printing begins with the line at the top of the screen, and continues until a key is pressed. With a non-ASCII file, it's probably a good idea to ensure it's "printable", by pressing [p] before [Alt+p]. See Section 8.2.5a for more on this. For more details on printing (or sending the print output to a file, using [^p]), please see Section 1.6. c. EGA/VGA Screen Control - [e] If you have an EGA (or VGA) monitor, you may switch between 25 lines per screen and 43 (or 50) lines by pressing [e]. This is the same as turning option /E ON or OFF (see Section 2.3). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-4 8.2.2 ASCII Format Display In ASCII format, a new line is initiated when either a CR or LF is encountered (but a CRLF pair only counts as one line). The line number of the line at the top of the screen is shown on the status line at the bottom of the screen. The highest line number EDDY can display is 999,999. The "arrow" (and related) keys work a little differently in LOOK mode. The display may be thought of as a "window" which can be moved around to view various parts of a file, while the file itself does not move. The keys used to move the display window around in ASCII format are: [Up] - move up 1 line [Down] - move down 1 line [PgUp] - move up 1 page [PgDn] - down 1 page [^Home] - first page* [^End] - last page* [Left] - left 1 column [Right] - right 1 column [left bracket] - tab left 20 columns [right bracket] - tab right 20 cols [^Left] - left edge (col. 1) [^Right] - right edge (last column) [Home] - same as [^Left] [End] - same as [^Right] [^PgDn] - auto-scroll down [^PgUp] - auto-scroll up [PgUp] and [PgDn] move a screen at a time, overlapping the previous screen by one line. When paging in ASCII format through a long non-text file, EDDY may spend a lot of time looking for CRs and LFs that aren't there. If EDDY appears to be "hung up" after a [PgUp] or [PgDn], press [^c] or [BackSpace] to interrupt the processing and display the file from wherever EDDY has reached, and no further processing will take place. If you just want to pause temporarily, to look at the screen or think about what's going on, press and hold [ScrollLock]. All processing will stop. Release the key to continue. The effect of the [Up] and [Down] keys in LOOK mode may be modified by pressing [s]. [s] toggles these keys between their normal scrolling effect of one-line-per-keypress and half-page-per-keypress ("speed scrolling"). A half page is defined by the number of text lines in the display, not the physical lines available on your screen. Thus, the speed of scrolling will vary, depending on the data you're LOOKing at. Speed scrolling is of limited value unless you're using a mouse. With a mouse, it gives a faster way of scrolling, without requiring use of the keyboard to press [PgUp]/[PgDn]. Auto-scroll moves the display up or down continuously, without further key presses. It is started by [^PgDn] or [^PgUp]. Pressing the same key again speeds up the scrolling; pressing the opposite one slows it down. Any other key stops auto-scroll. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * NOTE: Pressing [Home] twice in a row is the same as pressing [^Home], and pressing [End], [End] is the same as pressing [^End]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-5 8.2.3 ASCII Format Commands a. TAB Expansion - [#] / [Alt+#] TABs expand to 8-character boundaries as a default. To change the TAB expansion, press [#], then [0], [1],...,[8]. TABs will then expand to the boundary you have selected. If you choose [0], TAB characters will be shown as "blobs" on the screen, and no expansion will be done. The default setting is used with each new entry to LOOK. You can change the default setting by pressing [Alt+#], and then [0],...,[8]. (Actually, [Alt+3] works too, but "#" seems more suggestive of the function.) The current TAB expansion factor is shown at the bottom of the screen. If this is also the default, it will be indicated by an "=" (e.g., "tab=8"); if it is a temporary setting, a ":" will be used (e.g., "tab:4"). b. Bit Stripping - [b] / [Alt+b] With files that have lots of high-order bits set (e.g., WordStar) to obscure the real meanings of the characters, try bit-stripping. Pressing [b] causes EDDY to clear the high-order bit before the characters are displayed. Press [b] again to toggle the bit-stripping action. Bit-stripping is normally OFF when you enter LOOK mode, and "bits=8" will be shown on the bottom line. The "=" means the displayed value is the default, which will be reset at each entry to LOOK. If you press [b], you will see the display "bits:7". This means that only the low-order 7 bits are used from each byte for building the display, and the ":" indicates that this is a temporary state, in effect only until you exit LOOK mode. To change the default state for bit-stripping, press [Alt+b]. If you use [b] (or [Alt+b]) after the first line of the file, EDDY loses track of the line number. To indicate this, the bottom line shows "line:?". Returning to the top of the file restores the line number synchronization. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-6 c. Ruler Line Display - [r] / [u] / [d] To determine what position a particular character in the display occupies in its line, press [r]. You will see a line similar to this one: 21 ++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++++++^+++++ The number at the left is the column number in the file of the character shown in column 1 of the screen. The "^" characters mark the columns which are even multiples of 10 in the FILE (not necessarily the same as columns on the screen). In this example, which is what you might see after a [right bracket], the "^"s mark columns 30, 40, etc. The ruler is moved up or down by pressing [u] or [d], respectively. d. Jump to New Line - [j] To move directly to any line in the file, press [j], type the line number you are interested in, and press [Enter]. The requested line will be at the top of the screen. If you type a number larger than any in the file, you'll get a display of the last few lines. After pressing [j], you'll see a field of 6 zeros, for entering the line number to which you want to jump. The cursor starts in the third digit of this field, on the assumption that line numbers entered will most frequently be 9999 or less. However, you may use all 6 positions if needed. Line numbers up to 999,999 are supported. e. Line Wrapping - [l] / [Alt+l] Line wrapping means all lines are "broken" if they are longer than 80 characters, with the remainder appearing on the next line of the screen. Thus, the whole line is visible on the screen at once. [l] is a toggle key which turns line wrapping alternately ON and OFF. Line wrapping normally defaults to OFF on entering LOOK mode. In this case, you would see the string "line=1" at the bottom of the display, which tells you that line wrapping is OFF (the first character is "l"), this is the default state for the toggle (the "=" sign) and we are at the first line of the file. If you press [l] to turn line wrapping ON, a broken vertical line (the DOS "piping" symbol) replaces the "l" in "line", and the string displayed would be "|ine:1". The ":" shows that ON is a temporary state. To change the default state for line-wrapping, press [Alt+l]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-7 Even though the lines are wrapped on the screen, EDDY still works with complete logical lines, as determined by the presence of CR/LF characters. When you move the display up or down, a line at a time or by paging, the display moves in units of complete logical lines. The display will always begin at the start of a logical line (except in some cases when toggling between ASCII and hex formats). Movement of the display up or down is based on the line at the top of the screen. 8.2.4 Hex Format Display An example of a hex format display appears below (Figure 8-2). The number under the heading "Offset" is the number of bytes from the start of the file, in hex. Next comes the hex value of the data, followed by the equivalent characters, under the "ASCII" heading. ================================================================================ Offset 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F ASCII P 00000000 E9 ED 0E F5 01 9B 06 B3 A4 23 2A 38 6C 38 0B 1B im.u...3$#*8l8.. 00000010 1E 1E 43 59 43 43 4E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 46 09 ..CYCCN.......F. 00000020 00 00 41 42 43 44 45 46 49 4B 4D 50 52 54 57 03 ..ABCDEFIKMPRTW. 00000030 4E 06 00 00 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F N...???????????? 00000040 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F ???????????????? 00000050 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F ???????????????? 00000060 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F 3F ???????????????? 00000070 3F 3F 3F 3F D5 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD ????UMMMMMMMMMMM 00000080 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 00000090 CD CD B8 0A 24 B3 20 54 48 41 4E 4B 20 59 4F 55 MM8.$3 THANK YOU 000000A0 20 66 6F 72 20 75 73 69 6E 67 20 45 44 44 59 28 for using EDDY( 000000B0 74 6D 29 B3 0A 24 B3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 tm)3.$3 000000C0 76 65 72 73 69 6F 6E 20 35 2E 30 31 20 20 20 20 version 5.01 000000D0 20 20 20 20 B3 0A 24 B3 20 20 20 43 6F 70 79 72 3.$3 Copyr 000000E0 69 67 68 74 28 43 29 20 31 39 38 37 2C 38 38 2C ight(C) 1987,88, 000000F0 38 39 20 20 20 B3 0A 24 B3 20 62 79 20 4A 6F 68 89 3.$3 by Joh 00000100 6E 20 53 63 6F 66 69 65 6C 64 2C 20 42 6F 78 20 n Scofield, Box 00000110 34 37 31 33 36 20 B3 0A 24 B3 4D 6F 72 72 69 73 47136 3.$3Morris 00000120 6F 6E 20 48 69 6C 6C 20 50 2E 4F 2E 2C 20 48 6F on Hill P.O., Ho 00000130 6E 67 20 4B 6F 6E 67 B3 0A 24 B3 20 20 20 20 20 ng Kong3.$3 00000140 41 6C 6C 20 72 69 67 68 74 73 20 72 65 73 65 72 All rights reser -LOOK- EDDY.COM bits=8 tab=8 line=1 [F1]:HELP [Alt+F1]/click:MENU ================================================================================ Figure 8-2 NOTE: If no mouse is present, there will be no reference to click on the bottom line. See Section 2.1.2 for information on using EDDY with a mouse. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-8 8.2.5 Hex Format Commands The keys used in LOOK mode to move around in the hex-format display are: [Up] - move up 1 line [PgUp] - up 1 page [Down] - move down 1 line [PgDn] - down 1 page [^Home] - display first page [^End] - display last page [^PgDn] - auto-scroll down [^PgUp] - auto-scroll up Additional commands available in hex format are described below, and in Section 8.6, "Mark Data". a. Printability - [p] Normally, the bytes displayed under the "ASCII" heading are the exact equivalents of the hex data. However, many of the characters corresponding to the hex values in the ranges 00h -- 1Fh and 7Fh -- 9Fh are interpreted as printer commands by most printers. An attempt to use the DOS [Shift]-[PrtSc] function on a screen containing these characters will result in an assortment of form feeds, font changes, carriage returns, etc., rather than the screen print desired. EDDY provides an option to accommodate screen printing of hex displays. If you press [p], telling EDDY to format the screen for printing, the characters in the troublesome ranges will be replaced by periods, and all high-order bits will be turned off. The hex data part of the display is unchanged. When [p] is pressed, a blinking letter "P" appears at the right end of line 1 to remind you that "printability" is turned on. [p] is a toggle key, and turns printability alternately on and off. The example in Figure 8-2 has printability selected. b. Bit Stripping - [b] / [Alt+b] Bit stripping in hex format works as described in 8.2.3b, above, but affects only the ASCII portion of the display. The actual character present in the file, with no bits stripped, is shown in the hex portion of the display. c. Jump to New File Position - [j] To move directly to any position in the file, press [j] and then type the 8-digit hex offset which you are interested in. If you type too large a value, you'll get a display of the last few lines of the file. If you jump with the display in hex format, EDDY loses track of the line number (but you get there faster). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-9 d. Word-oriented Display - [w], [W] When LOOKing at a file in hex format, you may select the hex portion of the display to be in words (as opposed to the normal bytes) by pressing [w]. If you want to see the words in inverted order (high-order byte first), press [W]. Press the same key again to return to the normal byte display. If you want the word display to start with the odd-numbered bytes, press [t]. Press [t] again to revert to even byte orientation. When displaying inverted words, the heading at the top of the display shows the inverted sequence of bytes. 8.2.6 LOOK Mode With a Mouse In LOOK mode, ASCII (text) display format, a left click from anywhere displays the menu. When PATCHing, a left click anywhere except the indicated "click area" (directly above the "up" arrows on the bottom line) means "update" (same as [Enter]). A click within the click area displays the menu. A right click returns to EDIT from LOOK, or to LOOK from PATCH. 8.3 LOOK at File Contents (in Target Directory) - [Alt+F3] To LOOK at the contents of a file in the target directory which has the same name as the current file, press [Alt+F3]. Remember, if the current file has been renamed, even though not yet UPDATEd, the NEW name will be used to decide which target file to LOOK at. If there is no target directory, or there is no file with that name, you will be informed. Otherwise, you will see a display identical to that described above, and all the LOOK mode commands will work the same way. When the file displayed is from the target directory, a "T" is shown on the last line in column 7, thus: ================================================================================ . . . 00000100 24 B3 20 20 20 43 6F 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 $ Copyright ( 00000110 43 29 20 31 39 38 37 2C 31 39 38 38 20 20 20 B3 C) 1987,1988 | 00000120 24 B3 20 62 79 20 4A 6F 68 6E 20 53 63 6F 66 69 $| by John Scofi 00000130 65 6C 64 2C 20 42 6F 78 20 34 37 31 33 36 20 B3 eld, Box 47136 | 00000140 24 B3 4D 6F 72 72 69 73 6F 6E 20 48 69 6C 6C 20 $|Morrison Hill -LOOK-T EDDY.COM bits=8 tab=8 line=1 [F1]:HELP [Alt+F1]:MENU ================================================================================ EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-10 8.4 LOOK at RAM (or ROM, or ???) To LOOK at your PC's memory (if option /R is ON) move to the " memory" entry and press [F3]. RAM contents will be displayed in hex format, from 0000:0000 up to the limit of installed RAM. EDDY bases its assumption about RAM size on the value in memory at 0040:0013 - 0040:0014h at the time EDDY begins executing. If your system has 640K, for example, you will see "80 02" in these locations. EDDY refreshes the display between keystrokes, so you can watch various locations in RAM as they change; e.g., the BIOS timer count at 0040:006Ch, the diskette motor counter at 0040:0040h, or the keyboard buffer and related data starting at 0040:0017h. (Not true for Color Graphics Adapters -- too much screen "flicker". See the description of the "snow OK" configuration parameter in Section 26.3.2b if you have a CGA). It's sometimes interesting to look at other parts of the PC address space, such as ROMs and display memory. For example, if you press [j] and then enter an offset of "F000:FFFF", you will see the end of the BIOS ROM, which usually has the copyright notice. One curiosity: When accessing addresses that have no physical memory equivalent, EDDY will usually show hex "FF" for those bytes; however, bytes with other values sometimes appear. If you try to go back to display those bytes after they have scrolled off the screen, they may have changed value or even have disappeared. I can't explain why this happens, but it doesn't appear to be a bug in EDDY. This also occurs with DEBUG and Turbo Debugger when they are used to look at high memory. 8.5 LOOK at Entire Disk LOOKing at an entire physical disk, regardless of file locations or extents, is explained in detail in Section 20.2. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-11 8.6 Mark Data - [m] "Marking data" means to select a range of bytes, from within a file, any address in RAM, or anywhere on a disk, to be highlighted in the LOOK mode (hex format) display. The information in this section applies to ANY data being LOOKed at. When LOOKing at raw disk image data, there are additional capabilities, which are defined in Section 21.3. When you have marked data... ... You can use the marks as a "place holder", allowing you to move the display to view other areas and return to viewing the marked area easily ... You can copy the marked bytes to a file (e.g., extract bytes from one file into another, or copy a loaded program from its RAM image to a file) ... You can use the highlighting as an aid for examining areas of interest (such as the RAM BIOS area, where some bytes are counters that are continually updated by the BIOS, as described in Section 8.4) There are three types of marks: 1. "Byte" marks select a continuous range of bytes to be highlighted. 2. "Column" marks select a rectangular column, or "box" of bytes, defined by the diagonally-opposite corners of the box (i.e., upper left/lower right or upper right/lower left). 3. "Disk" marks are used only when LOOKing at raw disk image data, and are used to select full disk sectors or clusters. Disk marks are discussed in detail in Section 21.3. To mark data, press [m] while displaying the data you want to mark. EDDY will ask which type of mark you want to use. Cursors will then be displayed (just as in PATCH mode), to let you choose the byte to be marked, by pressing [Enter]. That byte will then be highlighted in the display. If you press [m] again, you may mark another byte, and those two marked bytes together define the range of bytes to be highlighted. To modify the marked range, press [m] again. If the new marked byte is outside the currently marked area, the range will be extended to include it (and all bytes in between). If the new byte is within the currently marked area, you will be asked whether it is the start or end of the range that you want to adjust, and the range will be shortened accordingly. Pressing [F2] undoes all marks. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-12 8.6.1 Jump to Marked Area - [Alt+m] If you press [Alt+m], the display will show the first marked byte, if any, at the top of the screen, unless it is ALREADY at the top of the screen. In the latter case, if there are more marked bytes, the display will move to the last one. [Alt+m] has no effect if there are no marked areas. 8.6.2 COPY Marked Area - [F5] When you have marked the range of bytes you want to copy, press [F5]. If there is no target directory, you will be asked to specify one. EDDY provides default filenames in the target directory to use for copying marked data. You may specify other filenames if you wish. If the filename to be used already exists in the target, you will be asked whether you want to overwrite the existing file or append the new data to it. Appending offers the capability of collecting more than one set of marked data in a single file (by marking, then copying, then repeating those steps). 8.6.3 COPY Unmarked Area - [Alt+F5] [Alt+F5] works identically to [F5], except everything BUT the marked bytes is copied. This command is not available when looking at RAM or raw disk image data. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 8-13 8.7 Compare Directory Entries - [Shift+F3], [Shift+^F3] To compare the directory entries of corresponding files in the working and target directories, press [Shift+F3]. If files have been renamed, even though not yet UPDATEd, the NEW name will be used for comparisons. Press [Ctrl], [Shift] and [F3] simultaneously to compare working and target directory entries (one at a time) of all files in the working directory. After each comparison, the result is displayed and EDDY waits for a key to be pressed before proceeding to the next comparison. [^c] or [BackSpace] terminates a [Shift+^F3]. If you use EDDY's "snapshot" feature (see Section 25), there is another to compare directories. You can compare a directory with the way it was at some earlier time, or you can get a complete report on differences between directories (as opposed to viewing the differences one-by-one as described above). To do this type of comparison: 1. Take a "snapshot" of the working directory 2. Copy the snapshot to the target directory 3. Press [Alt+x] to exchange working/target directories 4. Move to the top line of the display ("DIR of..." entry) 5. Press [Shift+F3] 6. Answer [y] to the message warning that the snapshot is for a different directory 7. EDDY will produce a summary of differences, and a detailed list of those differences, by category, file-by-file 8.8 Compare Files - [Alt+Shift+F3] Press [Alt], [Shift] and [F3] simultaneously to compare the contents of the current file and the corresponding file (i.e., same filename) in the target directory. If files have been renamed, even though not yet UPDATEd, the NEW name will be used for comparisons. EDDY will tell you whether the file contents are identical or not. The offset in the file where bytes do not match (if any) will be displayed, along with the hex values of the bytes involved. If the files are different lengths, the comparison will still be done. This allows you to determine, for example, whether the files are identical at least up to the length of the shorter one. Successive [Alt+Shift+F3]'s on the same file tell you the next byte where a difference exists. If there are no more differences, EDDY will tell you that. (On files of different lengths, if the only difference is the extra bytes in the longer one, only the first difference will be reported.) EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 9-1 9. PATCH Command - [F4], [^F4] Normally, you will use LOOK or FIND before PATCH, in order to locate the place in the file to PATCH. Once you have found it, press [F4]. If you want to PATCH every file in the directory (one at a time), press [^F4]. Pressing [Esc], or pressing [F4] a second time, returns you to LOOK mode. The PATCH mode display is similar to the LOOK mode hex format display with "printability" turned off. It has two cursors -- one in the hex part of the display and one in the ASCII part. These cursors move in unison, to facilitate matching corresponding bytes in the two parts of the display. One of the cursors will be blinking, the other not. The blinking cursor shows where you may enter changes to the data. [Tab] toggles between hex and ASCII data entry formats. (If you don't like [Tab] for this purpose, see Section 8.2.1a). If [Tab] is not the toggle key, it can be used to enter TAB -- 09h -- bytes directly in ASCII format). In ASCII data entry format, the cursor in the text part of the display blinks and the hex cursor does not. The hex cursor also expands to cover two hex digits, since entering a single text character affects both digits. In either format, as you enter data in one part of the display the corresponding data in the other part is updated and displayed accordingly. Also, any data changed remains highlighted (reverse video) in the display. You can move the cursors to the place you want to change data with the "arrow" keys -- [Left], [Right], [Up] and [Down] -- and [Home] and [End]. If you go to PATCH right after a FIND, the blinking cursor will be on the character at the start of the "found" string. The cursor will be in the same mode (hex/ASCII) used to enter the search string when you did the FIND. If you press any key except [F4] after the FIND, the cursor will be placed on the first character of the display if you then PATCH. Changes can be made to only one screen at a time. To UNDO, press [F2]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 9-2 9.1 Changing a File's Length Press [Alt+z] to add bytes at the end of a file, or [Alt+y] to delete bytes, either from the beginning or end of the file. 9.1.1 Appending Bytes to a File - [Alt+z] Files may also be expanded using PATCH. With the cursor at the end of the file, if there is unused space left on the screen, you can add a "^Z" (end- of-file byte) after the last byte in the file by pressing [Alt+z]. You can add as many bytes as you want, up to the limit of space on the screen (or until the disk is full). Bytes that have been added can also be patched. 9.1.2 Deleting Bytes From a File - [Alt+y]/[Alt+a]/[Alt+b] After a press of [Alt+y], EDDY asks whether you want to delete bytes BEFORE or AFTER the cursor, and then waits for [b] or [a], respectively. Press [Esc], if you decide not to delete anything after all. Pressing [b] deletes from the beginning of the file up to the byte at the cursor. [a] deletes everything in the file after the byte at the cursor. The byte at the cursor is never deleted. If you press [b] with the cursor on the first byte of the file, or [a] while it's on the last, EDDY won't complain, but nothing will be deleted. Pressing [Alt+a] is equivalent to [Alt+y] followed by [a], with no question asked. [Alt+b] is equivalent to [Alt+y], then [b]. Note that deleting bytes from the beginning of a large file generally takes a LOT more time than deleting from the end. This is because in the first case all of the data following the bytes to be deleted must be rewritten, while in the latter it's a simple truncate operation. 9.2 Updating in PATCH - [Enter] or [^Enter] Write your changes to disk by pressing [Enter] twice. Normally -- after [Enter] -- EDDY puts the current DOS date and time on a file that has been patched. If you use [^Enter] to start the UPDATE, EDDY asks whether you want to do this. After UPDATE, EDDY will return to LOOK mode. In LOOK mode you may move to another part of the file, and then press [F4] to go back to PATCH to make more changes. Repeat the PATCH-UPDATE-LOOK-PATCH cycle as needed. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 9-3 9.3 PATCHing RAM With option /R turned ON, you may change your PC's memory by using PATCH on the " memory" entry in the display. One thing that is almost SURE to hang up your machine is to mess with the values in the BIOS keyboard buffer pointers (0040:001A - 0040:001D), so EDDY will not allow these locations to be updated. EDDY won't complain if you TRY to change them, and they'll appear to be changed right after patching, but they'll really still be set to the values DOS has put there. 9.4 PATCHing Disks by Physical Sector You may PATCH any bytes on a physical disk, regardless of file locations or extents. This is explained in detail in Section 20.5. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! WARNING! USE GREAT CARE WITH SECTOR PATCHING ON "COMPRESSED" OR "EXTENDED" DRIVES -- I.E., DEVICES CREATED AND MANAGED BY DOUBLESPACE, STACKER, AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS. PATCHING FILES STORED ON THOSE DISKS IS PERFECTLY SAFE, HOWEVER. SEE SECTION 20.1 FOR MORE INFORMATION. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 10-1 10. Synchronization Controls - [Alt+c] These Controls affect operation of the COPY, MOVE, DELETE and DESTROY commands, which are described in Sections 11 through 13. When copying, moving or deleting files, you'll often want to choose the files to be operated on based upon whether they are in the target directory or not, and also based on a comparison of their timestamps. Common cases are when you'd like to give commands such as: "Copy files that are newer than the corresponding files in the target" or "Delete files that are duplicates of those in the target". The Synchronization Controls allow you to just that, as well as many other combinations. 10.1 Controls for COPY/MOVE There is a Control for each of the following cases: 1. File not in target 2. Target file older 3. Target file NEWER! 4. Target different size (date and time same) 5. Same date,time & size The Controls are always checked when a COPY or MOVE command is used. These Controls (1-5) may each have a setting of: "Y" - Yes, tag the file if this statement is true, "N" - No, don't tag the file if this statement is true, or "C" - Confirm before tagging (i.e., ask before tagging) Controls set to "Y" or "N" only affect the operation of the multiple-file COPY and MOVE commands -- [^F5] and [^F6]. They are NOT used with and have NO EFFECT on single-file commands -- e.g., COPY this file ([F5]). Controls set to "C" affect both single- and multiple-file COPY and MOVE command -- [F5], [^F5], [F6], [^F6]. A Control setting of "C" means whenever that case is encountered, the target directory entry will be displayed. EDDY then waits for you to confirm whether you want to tag the file or not. This is explained further in Section 10.2. ("C" works slightly differently in batch mode; see Section 24.3 for more information). Thus, for the example... "Copy files that are newer than the corresponding files in the target" the corresponding Control settings would be N,Y,C,C,N. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 10-2 With these settings (N,Y,C,C,N), tagging will be done as follows: 1. Any files not in the target won't be tagged. 2. Any files newer than files with the same name will be tagged. 3. If there is a file in the target that is newer than the one in the working directory, the two files' directory entries will be dis- played and EDDY will wait for you to decide whether to tag or not. 4. If the files in the working and target directories have the same timestamps, but the files' sizes are different, EDDY will display and wait, as with #3. 5. Any files with identical timestamps and sizes won't be tagged. The default Control settings (1 - 5) are Y,Y,C,C,N. The settings may be displayed and/or changed by pressing [Alt+c]. Select the values for the Controls by pressing [y], [n], or [c], or by pressing [SpaceBar]. Pressing [*] restores default settings. There is one case where the "File not in target" control will be ignored. If you COPY or MOVE when there is no target directory, you may create a new directory to serve as the target (see Section 5.2.2). If you have just created the target, then obviously any file you want to copy will be "not in target". In this case, Control #1 will be treated as "Y" as long as the target directory remains the same. 10.2 Tagging Confirmation Process During any (single- or multiple-file) COPY or MOVE, if EDDY encounters a case where the working and target files meet the condition defined by a Control which is set to "C", the directory entries and the following message is displayed: "[F3]/[Alt+F3]:LOOK, [F5]:COPY, [F6]:MOVE, [F7]:DELETE, else [Esc]" [F3] goes into LOOK mode, to examine the file contents in the working directory, in case you need more information from the file in order to decide what to do. [Alt+F3] LOOKs at the file contents in the target. In either case, when you exit from LOOK, you will be at the same place in the display, with EDDY still waiting for one of the other keys to be pressed. [F5], [F6] and [F7] will tag the file for the normal action for that key. [Esc] -- or any other key -- will leave the file untagged. In addition to the cases defined by the Controls, some other situations are also require confirmation: - A COPY or MOVE must be confirmed if the corresponding file in the target has the "read-only" attribute ON. - A MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY must be confirmed if the file has the "read- only" attribute ON. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 10-3 One situation can be tricky: if the confirmation display is because of "Target file NEWER!", and you proceed to LOOK mode -- [F3] -- and from there to PATCH -- [F4] -- your patching will (unless you use [^Enter] rather than [Enter] to apply the patch) update the file's timestamp. Upon return, EDDY will find that the condition requiring your decision no longer exists (i.e., the timestamp is NOW), and will therefore automatically tag the file for COPY or MOVE. 10.3 Synchronizing/Reconciling Directories Often it is useful to be able to ensure that two directories have exactly the same versions of the same files. If you are just interested in knowing what the differences are, if any, refer to Section 8.7. If you actually want to make the directories identical (this is particularly handy when you are working with more than one computer and using a floppy to carry data back and forth), here's how: With the Synchronization Controls set to their default values (Y,Y,C,C,N), proceed as follows: 1. Set one of the directories to be synchronized as working and the other as target (it doesn't matter which is which). 2. Press [^F5] to tag all files that need to be copied. 3. Press [Enter] twice to start the copying (UPDATE) process. 4. Wait for "UPDATE Complete" message. 5. Press [Alt+x] to exchange the working and target directories. 6. Repeat Steps b, c and d. Synchronization of the directories is now complete. The only way there could be any difference between them is if copies of a file existed originally in both directories, and had the same timestamp and size, but the files' contents were different. 10.4 Controls for DELETE/DESTROY There is also a sixth Synchronization Control, which determines whether the first 5 will be used to control the DELETE and DESTROY commands, too: 6. CONTROLS for Delete? This Control may be set to either "Y" or "N" -- "C" is not applicable. When Control 6 is set to "Y", the files in the target will be checked as specified by the settings of Controls 1 - 5, and the tagging will be done accordingly. If there is no target directory, Control #6 has no effect. Thus, for the example... "Delete files that are duplicates of those in the target" the Control settings (1 - 6) would be N,N,N,N,Y,Y (or N,C,C,C,Y,Y if you want EDDY to tell you about any differences). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 11-1 11. COPY Command - [F5], [^F5] You may copy files and/or directories (and all their contents). The Synchronization Controls (see Section 10) work closely with the COPY command to help you in deciding which files you want to copy. When copying, EDDY has the capability of changing the new copy's data in certain ways -- "converting" the file. The available CONVERT functions are described in Section 11.5. EDDY also allows you to copy RAM to a file (see Section 18), and to copy raw disk-image data -- sectors, clusters, complete disks -- to and from files (see Section 21). The COPY command actually just "tags" a file to indicate that it has been selected. The word "Copy" (or "Copy+", if no file of the same name is currently in the target directory) will appear, to show the file has been tagged. The actual copy will be done when you enter UPDATE mode. After UPDATE, "copied" will appear in the display for that file. If you have indicated other changes to be made to the file's directory entry (renaming, timestamping or attribute settings), these changes will be made during the UPDATE process before the copying, so the target copy will have the same settings as the working directory file after the update. An exception to this is the archive attribute bit. Files copied will have the archive attribute turned ON in the target directory (unless you are using option /A, or the target is on a remote disk). For files copied from a fixed disk (or RAM disk) to a floppy, the archive attribute is also set OFF in the working directory. In all other cases, the archive attribute is left unchanged in the working directory. Also, if a file with the "network-shareable" attribute is copied, the result in the target will not have that attribute. Copied files normally receive the same date and time as the original; if you want to put the current timestamp on copies, use [^Enter] to start the UPDATE process, rather than [Enter]. If you use [^Enter], EDDY will ask you whether or not you want new timestamps. (See also the discussion of the "timestamp" configuration parameter, in Section 26.3.2e). Changing the target while files are tagged for copying will result in these files being un-tagged EDDY will warn you if this would occur. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 11-2 11.1 COPY a File - [F5] Press [F5] to tag the current file for copying. If there is no target directory, EDDY will ask for one. Entering target directories is explained in Sections 5.2.2 and 5.3.5. If the target directory contains a subdirectory that has the same name as the file you are trying to tag, EDDY will inform you of the conflict and no tagging will occur on that file. 11.2 COPY Multiple Files - [^F5] [^F5] will review all files in the working directory for copying, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY (or "Ignore"). All files (but NOT subdirectories) which meet the criteria defined by the Synchronization Controls (see Section 10) will be tagged for copying. As the list of files is being reviewed, [^c] or [BackSpace] may be pressed to terminate the process before all files have been reviewed. If you just want to pause temporarily, to look at the screen or think about what's going on, press and hold [ScrollLock]. All processing will stop. Release the key to continue. If you want EDDY to check only those files from the cursor and further down, turn on option /L before pressing [^F5]. Using option /5 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of [^F5]. See Section 24 for more information on this. 11.3 Copying Files With Disk Errors If you have a file that's on a disk that has "bad spots", EDDY will often let you save the "good" parts, by COPYing the file. See Section 23.4 for more information on this. 11.4 COPY a Directory - [F5] Press [F5] to tag the current subdirectory for copying. If there is no target directory, EDDY will ask for one. Entering target directories is explained in Sections 5.2.2 and 5.3.3. The target may be on a different drive from the working directory. If the target directory contains a file that has the same name as the sub- directory you are trying to tag, EDDY will inform you of the conflict and no tagging will occur on that subdirectory. Also, the target must not be in a path which includes the directory to be copied (i.e., you can't copy a directory to its own child or other subordinate directory). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 11-3 If there is a subdirectory in the target with the same name, you will be asked if you wish to overwrite it. If you do, the directory will be tagged for copying. When you UPDATE, the subdirectory in the target, WITH ALL THE FILES AND SUBDIRECTORIES IN IT, will be deleted first and then replaced by the directory being copied and all ITS files and subdirectories. There is no checking or comparison of file timestamps involved in this copy process; it is a complete replacement of one tree by another. If you want to do a file-by-file update of subdirectories within a tree, consider using the "target tracking" feature (see Section 5.2.3). 11.5 CONVERT File Data If you have a WordStar-like file, with lots of high-order bits obscuring the text, you can make a readable copy by copying with bit-stripping. If you want to get rid of TAB characters in a file, you can also do that. 11.5.1 Remove TABs - [Alt+#] To get rid of TABs in a file, tag it by pressing [Alt+#]. (Actually, [Alt+3] works too, but "#" seems more suggestive of the function.) The file will be tagged for COPY, and EDDY will then ask you to enter a number, '0' thru '8', to specify the desired TAB interval. When the COPYing is done, any TABs in the file will be replaced with spaces to the next n-byte boundary (n=0 thru 8, as you have chosen), generally resulting in a larger file. This can possibly cause an out-of-space condition during the UPDATE, as explained in Section 23.3. n=1 replaces each TAB by a single space. n=0 deletes the TABs completely, resulting in a smaller file. Files which have been tagged in this way will show the TAB expansion used in parenthesis after the "Copy"; e.g., if you used n=4, you would see "Copy (4)" to the right of that file's display. If bit-stripping was also used, you would see "Copy (b4)". As every byte must be scanned individually during the COPY process, TAB expansion is much slower than other copying. 11.5.2 Bit-Stripping - [Alt+b] To get rid of the high-order bits that obscure the text in some files, tag the file(s) by pressing [Alt+b]. The new copy will have no high-order bits in it after the UPDATE is done. Files which have been tagged in this way will show "Copy (b)" to the right of the file's display. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 12-1 12. MOVE Command - [F6], [^F6] You may move files and/or directories (and all their contents). The Synchronization Controls (see Section 10) work closely with the MOVE command to help you in deciding which files you want to move. Moving a file places its entry in the target directory and deletes it from the working directory. This is the same as doing a COPY and then a DELETE. The heading information showing the number of files in the display and the number of free bytes on the disk will be updated. The MOVE command actually just "tags" a file to indicate that it has been selected. The word "Move" (or "Move+", if no file of the same name is currently in the target directory) will appear, to show the file has been tagged. The actual move will be done when you enter UPDATE mode. After UPDATE, "moved" will appear in the display for that file. The display of size, date, etc., will be cleared, indicating that the file no longer exists in that directory. If you re-sort the display, or move to another working directory and then return, files moved won't be displayed. If you have indicated other changes to be made to the file's directory entry (renaming, timestamping or attribute settings), these changes will be made during the UPDATE process, before the move is done. Files moved will normally have the archive attribute turned ON in the target directory (unless you are using option /A, or the target is on a remote disk). Also, if a file with the "network-shareable" attribute is moved, the result in the target will not have that attribute. Moved files normally receive the same date and time as the original; if you want to put the current timestamp on the moved files, use [^Enter] to start the UPDATE process, rather than [Enter]. If you use [^Enter], EDDY will ask you whether or not you want new timestamps. (See also the discussion of the "timestamp" configuration parameter, in Section 26.3.2e). Changing the target while files are tagged for moving will result in these files being un-tagged. EDDY will warn you if this would occur. 12.1 MOVE a File - [F6] Press [F6] to select the current file to be moved. If there is no target directory specified, EDDY will ask for one. Entering target directories is explained in Sections 5.2.2 and 5.3.3. If the target directory contains a subdirectory that has the same name as the file you are trying to tag, EDDY will inform you of the conflict and no tagging will occur on that file. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 12-2 12.2 MOVE Multiple Files - [^F6] [^F6] will review all files in the working directory for moving, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY (or "Ignore"). All files (but NOT subdirectories) which meet the criteria defined by the Synchronization Controls (see Section 10) will be tagged for moving. As the list of files is being reviewed, [^c] or [BackSpace] may be pressed to terminate the process before all files have been reviewed. If you just want to pause temporarily, to look at the screen or think about what's going on, press and hold [ScrollLock]. All processing will stop. Release the key to continue. If you want EDDY to check only those files from the cursor and further down, turn on option /L before pressing [^F5]. Using option /6 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of [^F6]. See Section 24 for more information on this. 12.3 MOVE a Directory - [F6] This feature is sometimes called "prune and graft". Press [F6] to tag the current subdirectory for moving. If there is no target directory, EDDY will ask for one. Entering target directories is explained in Sections 5.2.2 and 5.3.3. The target may be on a different drive from the working directory. If the target directory contains a file that has the same name as the sub- directory you are trying to tag, EDDY will inform you of the conflict and no tagging will occur on that subdirectory. Also, the target must not be in a path which includes the directory to be moved (i.e., you can't move a directory to its own child or other subordinate directory). If there is a subdirectory in the target with the same name, you will be asked if you wish to overwrite it. If you do, the directory will be tagged for moving. When you UPDATE, the subdirectory in the target, WITH ALL THE FILES AND SUBDIRECTORIES IN IT, will be deleted first and then replaced by the directory being moved and all ITS files and subdirectories. There is no checking or comparison of file timestamps involved in this move process; it is a complete replacement of one tree by another. 12.4 Fast Directory Move If the working and target directories are on the same drive, it is possible to bypass the tedious file-by-file copying that is normally used in moving a directory. As this is achieved by using techniques other than standard DOS services, EDDY will ask your preference before beginning the move process when you start the UPDATE. Fast move cannot be used if a directory of the same name already exists in the target. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 12-3 EDDY speeds up the directory move task by writing directly to the working and target directories, and using DOS services where available. No direct manipulation of the File Allocation Table (FAT) is involved. 12.4.1 What Makes it Fast? This process has been exhaustively tested by the author and many users, without any problems. However, some of us are hesitant (read "intelligent") about using programs that mess with our disks in non-standard ways. Therefore, the following information is offered. Specifically, the steps EDDY uses internally during a "fast" subdirectory move are: 1. Set the "directory" attribute OFF in the subdirectory's entry in the working directory, making DOS think the subdirectory is a file 2. Move the "file" to the target directory, with the standard DOS "rename" command 3. Turn the "directory" attribute back ON in the target directory 4. Adjust the "cluster number" in the moved directory's ".." (parent) entry to point to the target rather than the working directory After a directory move, you may notice a lot of disk activity before the EDIT display reappears. Don't be alarmed; the program is simply rereading all the information in both the working and target directories, to ensure that all the data displayed reflects the new tree structure. 12.4.2 Had a Problem? Don't Panic! If there is a problem with any of the above steps (e.g., a power failure during the update), recovery is straightforward. - If the subdirectory is still shown as a directory entry in the working directory, there's no problem. - If you have think there might have been a problem, and the entry is shown in the target as a directory, it's possible that step 4 was not completed. Run "CHKDSK" on the disk. If CHKDSK displays the message "Invalid sub- directory entry", AND NO OTHER ERROR MESSAGES, run "CHKDSK /F" to fix the cluster number automatically. If other errors are indicated (e.g., lost clusters, cross-linked files), they were present before EDDY ran, and should be fully understood and thought out before taking further action. - If there was a problem with step 3, the subdirectory will be shown as a "file" (i.e., no "directory" attribute) in the target, with a length of either one cluster -- typically, 4096 bytes -- or zero. Don't panic! There's only one little bit that has to be changed. To fix this problem, LOOK at the target, then LOOK at the disk to display the raw directory data. Move the display until the entry for the "file" is at the top, and PATCH offset 0Bh to "10h". Your directory is now restored. - If the subdirectory is shown as a "file" in the working directory, LOOK at the disk, and proceed as described in the previous paragraph. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 13-1 13. DELETE Command - [F7], [^F7] To select the current file for deletion, press [F7]. No other changes may be made to a file that is selected for deletion. "Delete" appears next to the file. The deletion will be done when you UPDATE, and "deleted" will appear. All directory information (size, date, etc.) will be blanked out, indicating that the file no longer exists in that directory. If you re-sort the display, files deleted won't be shown. The heading information showing the number of files in the display and the number of free bytes on the disk will be updated to reflect the deletion. If Synchronization Control #6 (see Section 10.4) is set to "N" (the default), [^F7] tags all files in the working directory for deletion, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE or DESTROY (or "Ignore"). If Control #6 is "Y", the other Controls determine which files will be tagged by [^F7], based upon a comparison of working and target directories. If Control #6 is "Y" and there is no target directory, you'll be asked for one. If you don't enter a target, Control #6 will be treated as "N" for processing the current [^F7] command. To interrupt EDDY after [^F7], press [^c] or [BackSpace]. If you just want to pause temporarily, to look at the screen or think about what's going on, press and hold [ScrollLock]. All processing will stop. Release the key to continue. Using option /7 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of [^F7]. See Section 24 for more information on this. 13.1 Deleting Subdirectories Subdirectories may also be deleted, even if they are not empty. EDDY will warn you that the directory is not empty when you press [F7], and ask whether you want to delete or not. If you choose to proceed, all files in the directory, plus any subordinate subdirectories and all of their files, will be deleted when you UPDATE. In this type of deletion, no check is made for read-only file attributes on the files in the subdirectory -- they are all deleted without further question. Obviously, this type of deletion should be done only when you are sure there's nothing important left in the directory. As the deletions are being made, the full path and file name of each file or subdirectory being deleted will be displayed prior to its deletion. In the display, subdirectories are shown with a final '\' after the name, to distinguish then from files. As with other UPDATE actions, pressing a key during the UPDATE will suspend activity until you decide how you want to proceed. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 13-2 13.2 Logical DELETE (Ignore) - [Alt+F7], [Alt+^F7] Pressing [Alt+F7] flags a file with "(Ignore)". It will then be ignored by any of the repeating (i.e., [Ctrl]-shifted) commands. This lets you eliminate files from a list that you want to do a repeated FIND on, for example, not wasting time with files that are not of interest for the FIND. [Alt+F7] also undoes any changes that may be pending on the file. Pressing a key for any command which affects a logically deleted file cancels the "(Ignore)". [Left] or [Right] also cancels the "(Ignore)". [Alt+^F7] flags all files with "(Ignore)". Thus you can ignore all but a few files when executing the next command, such as [^f], the multi-file FIND, or [Shift+^F9], the multi-file Point-and-Shoot. It's easier to "ignore all" and then UNDO the few, rather than ignoring one by one. "Ignore" is also useful when creating list files. See Section 1.7 for more information on this. 13.3 DESTROY - [Shift+F7], [Shift+^F7] If you want to protect the contents of deleted files from being snooped into by anyone, even using utilities designed for that purpose (such as EDDY), use "DESTROY". DESTROYing means overwriting the file, thus trashing the data in it, and then deleting the file. To select the current file for destruction, press [Shift+F7]. "Destroy" appears next to the file. The actual overwrite and deletion will be done when you enter UPDATE mode. If Synchronization Control #6 (see Section 10.4) is set to "N" (the default), [Shift+^F7] tags all files in the working directory for deletion, except those already tagged for COPY, MOVE or DELETE (or "Ignore"). If Control #6 is set to "Y", then the other Controls are used to determine which files will be tagged by [Shift+^F7], based upon a comparison of working and target directory entries. If Control #6 is "Y" and there is no target directory, you'll be asked for one. If you don't enter a target, Control #6 will be treated as "N" for processing the [Shift+^F7] command. To interrupt EDDY after [Shift+^F7], press [^c] or [BackSpace]. If you just want to pause temporarily, to look at the screen or think about what's going on, press and hold [ScrollLock]. All processing will stop. Release the key to continue. Using option /8 on the command line is the batch mode equivalent of [Shift+^F7]. See Section 24 for more information on this. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 13-3 13.3.1 Standard DESTROY Method The default method for DESTROY is to write all 0F5h bytes (a tall, thin "j"-like character) once over the entire file before deleting it. If you are a secret agent or a government scientist, this may not be sufficient. If you require higher security, see Section 13.3.2. If a file has previously had some data deleted from the end, it is possible that some of that data is still physically on the disk, in the last disk cluster of the file, beyond the current end-of-file. To ensure that this data cannot be snooped into either, the entire cluster is overwritten as just described, rather than stopping at the end-of-file. Of course, if the file used to be long enough that it had more clusters allocated, any data left in those additional clusters won't be destroyed, as the information as to which clusters were allocated is no longer available. If you want to ensure that any data remaining in the currently-unallocated areas of the disk is also destroyed, EDDY provides for that, too. After the first DESTROY is performed in an UPDATE, you will be asked whether you wish to overwrite those areas. If you do, a temporary file is created with a size sufficient to occupy all free disk space, and 0F5h bytes written to all of it. The file is then deleted, leaving the disk space free for use (and free of useful information). See also Section 13.3.3. When the overwrite operation is complete, "destroyed" appears next to that file (when you return to EDIT), and all directory information is erased. The counts of the numbers of files in the display and the free bytes on the disk will be updated to reflect the deletion. 13.3.2 High-Security DESTROY If you have unusually high-security requirements, and need to be sure that files you DESTROY cannot possibly be recovered, even with special-purpose equipment designed to recover data that has been overwritten, EDDY can meet your requirements. "High-security" means conforming to the U.S. government's specification for secure file destruction. This involves overwriting the file on disk SEVEN times -- six times alternating with ones and zeros, the last time writing the character 0F6h (the "division" symbol). Of course, this method takes 7 times as long as a single overwrite pass. If you use the high-security DESTROY method, it will also be used if you choose to overwrite unallocated areas, as described in Section 13.3.1. Normally, EDDY will ask you which method to use each time you go to UPDATE (if any files have been tagged for DESTROY). Or, you can customize to use either the high- or standard-security method always. (See Section 26.3.2e, the "security" parameter.) EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 13-4 13.3.3 DESTROY a DRIVE! This sounds a bit drastic, but taken in context it can be useful. In Section 13.3.1 it was mentioned that after DESTROYing a file, you would be given the option of wiping out unallocated areas of the disk as well. This is fine, except there may be times when there aren't any files you want to DESTROY, but you'd still like to wipe the currently-unallocated-but-maybe- containing-sensitive-data areas of the disk clean. To do this, just execute the DESTROY command (i.e., press [Shift+F7]) on the "Drive is..." line of the EDIT mode display. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 14-1 14.0 DOS Gateway EDDY allows you to exit to DOS (the DOS "shell"), execute other commands or programs, and return to EDDY to pick up where you left off. All requested changes and actions will still be in effect when you return. When you exit to DOS, all memory used by HELP and/or by menus is released for use by DOS. In addition, if you are using the gateway from EDIT mode (as opposed to LOOK), any memory used by LOOK as well as the i/o buffer space will be released. This memory will be reallocated as required when you return control to EDDY. You may also execute commands without leaving EDDY, by using one of the variations of "Point-n-Shoot, as described in Section 14.2. 14.1 The DOS Shell - [F9] From EDIT or LOOK mode, pressing [F9] exits to DOS. EDDY will ask you to confirm that you want to exit. When you exit, EDDY loads a new copy of COMMAND.COM (or whatever command interpreter you use -- e.g., 4DOS), which will process your DOS commands normally. The screen is cleared, followed by the command interpreter's announcement, and then the DOS prompt. The DOS default directory will be EDDY's working directory. You may change this if you wish. EDDY will restore it when you return. When you're ready to return to EDDY, type "EXIT" at the DOS command prompt. If you forget to EXIT, you may run short of memory later on, because memory remains assigned to both EDDY and the extra copy of the command interpreter To remind you to EXIT, EDDY changes the DOS prompt to end with "Exit>". (This is not done if your DOS environment is larger than 10,529 bytes -- an EDDY internal buffer limitation.). If you don't want this reminder added to your prompt, see the description of the "prompt" configuration parameter in Section 26.3.2g. 14.2 Point-n-Shoot Point-n-Shoot refers to the capability to move the cursor to a file you want to operate on ("point") and press a key ("shoot") to begin the operation. EDDY offers three types of point-n-shoot operations: - Execute the file, for .COM, .EXE or .BAT files (see next section). - Operate on the file with any command you choose (see Section 14.2.2). - Operate on the file with a command you have previously defined in the "EDDY.USE" file (see Section 14.2.3). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 14-2 14.2.1 Execute .COM, .EXE or .BAT File - [Alt+F9] When the cursor is on a file with an extension of "COM", "EXE" or "BAT" (or "BTM" if you're using 4DOS or NDOS), pressing [Alt+F9] executes that file. The filename is first displayed in a dialog box, so that you may edit the command line if you like, to add filenames, switches, redirection, or whatever is appropriate for the file involved. When you are ready to execute the file, press [Enter] (or [Alt+F9] again). When the program or batch file finishes, EDDY waits for a key to be pressed. This pause allows time for you to read anything that may have been displayed on the screen by the process which was just executed. If the ERRORLEVEL value was set to anything other than zero by the process, that value is displayed also. 14.2.2 Execute Default Command - [Shift+F8] You don't have to guess ahead of time what you might want to do to a file. Any command you like may be used on any of your files, at any time. You may even use commands that are not related to a specific file, if you wish, although this would normally be done via the DOS Gateway. Press [Shift+F8] to get a dialog box showing the current "default" command. This command may be used as-is, edited and then used, or replaced entirely by whatever command you want to use on the current file. Press [Enter] (or [Shift+F8] again) to execute the command. When you set up or modify the default command, EDDY will ask whether you want to pause after executing it, before returning to the EDIT mode display. This pause allows time for you to read anything that may have been displayed on the screen by the file which was just executed. The commands you enter in the dialog box must include the full path name to tell EDDY where the program to be executed is located. Also, the program name must be followed by at least one blank, and the command, including the filename to be operated on, cannot be longer than 76 bytes. Any bytes beyond the 76th will be truncated. You may save the new or edited command as the new default if you wish. To make it a permanent default, use EDDY's customizing feature - see Section 26. If you save the command, the name of the current file will be replaced in the command for each new file you use it on. Your decision as to whether to pause after executing the command is also saved. An un-customized version of EDDY has a default of "C:\UTIL\DOS2UNIX %". The "%" marks the place in the command where the current filename will be EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 14-3 inserted. This is included as an example only, and may not be suitable for your system. A comment is also included with the sample, as a reminder of the restrictions. In constructing your own default, the comments may be written over (or not), as you wish. 14.2.3 Point-n-Shoot with EDDY.USE - [Shift+F9] You may define different commands to be used with different files. For instance, you might want to use PKZIP to look at the contents of ".ZIP" files, without leaving EDDY. The files and corresponding commands must be defined in a file called "EDDY.USE", which may be created with any editor or word processor which can produce a simple ASCII file. A sample EDDY.USE is part of the EDDY distribution package. This sample includes extensive explanatory comments, and I hope it will suggest ways in which EDDY can help your system be easier and more convenient to use. Files are defined in EDDY.USE as usual for DOS (including wildcards), and the commands are similar to .BAT file commands. The full path must be given in the command. There must be at least one space after the filename. EDDY.USE must be in a directory defined in your PATH variable, the DOS default directory, or (if you have DOS 3.0 or higher) in the same directory that you executed EDDY from. EDDY selects a command from EDDY.USE based upon a comparison of the current filename and extension with the file definitions at the beginning of the lines in EDDY.USE. a. Select a Command When you press [Shift+F9], EDDY will display a dialog box with the command that is to be executed. Press [Shift+F9] again or [Enter] to proceed, or edit the command line to include any desired switches or other parameters before using it. See Section 14.2.3b for another alternative. If the current file doesn't match any definition in EDDY.USE -- or if EDDY.USE can't be found -- you will see a dialog box containing the default command (see Section 14.2.2, above). For example, if EDDY.USE contains the line: *.ZIP C:\UTIL\PKZIP -V %1 pressing [Shift+F9] with the cursor on EXAMPLE.ZIP will give the display: C:\UTIL\PKZIP -V EXAMPLE.ZIP and pressing [Enter] will list the contents of EXAMPLE.ZIP (assuming, of course, that you have PKZIP in the UTIL directory). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 14-4 Commands from EDDY.USE are displayed and may be edited before they are used. For example, suppose after viewing the contents of EXAMPLE.ZIP as described above, you want to extract the THIS.ONE file you found there. Just press [Shift+F9] again and edit the command to: C:\UTIL\PKUNZIP EXAMPLE.ZIP THIS.ONE After executing the command, EDDY normally returns immediately to the EDIT directory display. If you want to pause after the command is executed, use a "|" (the DOS piping symbol) as the first character in the command. With the previous example, the command in EDDY.USE would be: | *.ZIP C:\UTIL\PKZIP V %1 If you edit (modify) the command before executing it, EDDY will always pause before returning to the EDIT display. In either case, when EDDY pauses, the value in ERRORLEVEL is checked. If it is non-zero, ERRORLEVEL is also displayed. When you press [Shift+F9] to execute a command from EDDY.USE on the current file, AND the current file matches EDDY.USE only on an entry in EDDY.USE starting with "*.*", AND the current file is executable (.BAT, .COM or .EXE), the command from EDDY.USE will not be used. Instead, EDDY will offer to execute the current file, just as though you had pressed [Alt+F9] originally (see Section 14.2.1). b. Take Your Choice of Commands - [PgDn] You may have more than one command in EDDY.USE for the same type of file. When a command from EDDY.USE is displayed, another alternative is to press [PgDn]. This displays the next command, if any, that may be in EDDY.USE and matching the current file. An example of this use of [PgDn] is provided in the copy of EDDY.USE that comes with the EDDY distribution package, and is explained below. In the sample EDDY.USE, there are two commands for use with files matching "*.ZIP", for example. The first command uses PKZIP with the -v switch, to display the table of contents of ZIP files (and also illustrates the use of DOS "piping" with point-n-shoot commands). The second command uses PKUNZIP to uncompress ZIP files. Both are common things to be done with ZIP files; both (and more, if you wish) can be provided by EDDY.USE. Pressing [Shift+F9] will display the PKZIP command, which may be executed as described previously, by pressing [Shift+F9] (or [Enter]) again. If this is not the command you want to use with the current file, pressing [PgDn] would display the PKUNZIP command. This command may be executed by pressing [Shift+F9], or you could press [PgDn] again to display the next matching command, if any, from EDDY.USE. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 14-5 In the case of the sample, the next command displayed from EDDY.USE would be the one set up as a last resort for all files, matching "*.*". If you press [PgDn] and there are no more matching commands you will get the default command, as described in Section 14.2.2. 14.2.4 Point-n-Shoot Again (and again...) - [Shift+^F8] / [Shift+^F9] This facility allows you to repeat the same operation on multiple files, by giving a single command to EDDY. Use the default command, by pressing [Shift+^F8], or use a command from EDDY.USE, by pressing [Shift+^F9]. In either case, the command will be executed first on the current file, and then on files below that in the current display. This is the same effect as using option /L has with other repeating ([Ctrl]-shifted) commands. With [Shift+^F8], the command will by default be executed only on files from the display that have the SAME extension as the current file. However, you will be asked before execution starts whether you want to operate on all files (i.e., "*.*"). With [Shift+^F9], EDDY.USE defines which files will be operated on, and no question is asked before processing begins. Thus, if EDDY.USE defines the command for use with "*.*", the command will operate on all files (except executables -- .BAT, .COM or .EXE -- which will be skipped). Any files tagged as "Ignore" will be skipped by these commands. The commands in the EDDY.USE file for repetitive processing are defined and interpreted the same as commands for use with individual files (see Section 14.2.3), except a command which is to be used by the [Shift+^F9] processing must be preceded by the caret character ("^"). This identifies it as a command for repetitive, multi-file processing, rather than for use only on the current file. Commands starting with "^" are ignored when EDDY processes the [Shift+F9] keypress; commands without the initial "^" are ignored during [Shift+^F9] processing. This allows you to specify different processing for the same files, depen- ding on whether they are processed singly or as a group. For example, suppose you want to use your editor on a single program source file, but compile or assemble to get listings of source files you have modified and tested satisfactorily. This is the way the two commands below could be used if they were contained in EDDY.USE. *.ASM C:\PE\PE2 /PC:\PE\ASM.PRO %1 ^ *.ASM C:\MASM\MASM %1,NUL,C:\LIST; You would simply display the appropriate directory, "(Ignore)" any .ASM files you don't wish to assemble, and then press [Shift+^F9]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 14-6 If the file doesn't match any definition in EDDY.USE, you may use EDDY's default point-and-shoot command. After executing the command, EDDY normally returns immediately to the EDIT directory display. If you want to pause after each file is processed, use a "|" (the DOS piping symbol) in the command, right after the "^". Continuing with the previous example, the command in EDDY.USE would be: ^| *.ASM C:\MASM %1,NUL,C:\LIST; 14.3 Using a Swap File When you use the DOS Gateway or execute programs via Point-n-Shoot, EDDY tries to swap part of itself out to disk, to make more memory available for the process to be run. If you customize EDDY to include a "swap file" (see Section 26.3.2g, the "swap path" parameter), the swap file (named "EDDY.SWP") will be created in the directory you have chosen. If no swap path has been specified, the path indicated by the "TEMP" environment variable, if any, will be used. If neither the swap path nor the TEMP variable are available, no swap will occur. That would be a shame, as at least 120K of memory, and sometimes as much as 180K, will be freed when swapping can be used. The swap file is deleted when EDDY terminates. There is a minor downside to using a swap file: it takes time to copy the data back and forth between RAM and disk. If this is annoying to you, you can customize with the "swap path" parameter set to "none", and no swapping will occur. Normally, if the swap path is on a RAM disk, you won't notice the delay. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 15-1 15. QUIT Command - [F10], [Esc] When you are through with EDDY, press [F10]. [F10] will restore your DOS default drive and directory to the settings they had when you executed EDDY (or to your "recall" directory, if you have selected one as described below). EDDY will terminate immediately and return to DOS. If you have changes pending which have not yet been processed by UPDATE, EDDY will remind you that there are such changes, and ask you to confirm that you want to QUIT anyway. One exception to this may occur when option /K is used. Pressing [F10] when a message is displayed and waiting for a key press will only erase the message (like any other key). You must press [F10] again to terminate. Some users prefer to use [Esc] as a way to QUIT from EDIT. If you want to QUIT by using [Esc], just press it and hold it down. 15.1 Directory Recall - [Shift+F10], [Shift+^F10] [Shift+F10] selects the working directory as the "recall" directory. Directory recall is a "place-holding" mechanism, used in two ways: 1) When you exit from EDDY, this directory will be set as the DOS default, and 2) If you press [Shift+^F10], the directory will be "recalled" as the new working directory. If no recall directory is selected, the DOS default directory, as it was before you executed EDDY, will be used. 15.2 Exit to Directory - [Alt+F10] [Alt+F10] exits from EDDY -- just like [F10] -- but leaves the working directory as the DOS default. [Alt+F10] may also be used from the directory tree diagram display (see Section 5.3.2). If you press [Alt+F10] in that case, EDDY will exit, making the directory that is currently highlighted in the display the new DOS default. 15.3 EGA and VGA Display Control - [^F10] If you have an EGA or VGA monitor, EDDY normally resets the display to the same number of lines that were in use when EDDY was executed. However, if you use [^F10] to quit, the result is the same as [F10], except the display will be left with the number of lines per screen you have set (by using option /E) while in EDDY. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 16-1 16. FIND and/or REPLACE String in File, Disk or RAM To find a string, press [Alt+f] when the EDIT mode cursor is on that display entry, or when in LOOK mode. (In LOOK mode, [/] or [\] have the same effect as [Alt+f].) If you want to search through all files in the working directory, press [^f] -- see Section 16.5. As an example, suppose you were using EDDY to LOOK at this file ("EDDY.DOC") and were positioned to the "Technical Support" section. If you pressed [Alt+f], the display would be similar to Figure 16-1. The second line in the window shows a series of "5F"s and underlines. The underlines have no special significance. They only mark the place to enter the string you want EDDY to find. When you have entered the string EDDY is to search for, press [Enter] for a "close" match search or [^Enter] for an exact match. * * * (text continues on next page) * * * EXAMPLE "FIND" SCREEN: ================================================================================ bug, surely!), if you take the trouble to report it, I'll try to solve it. And I'll get back to you with a fix, if possible. EDDY's PATCH command, using an area within EDDY reserved for this purpose, makes it reasonably easy to fix minor bugs without having to wait for a whole new version of the program. With any problem report, please include the following information: 1. Version number of your copy of EDDY (as shown on the logo +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Enter new FIND string, or use this one... | | 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F 5F ________________| | ^ | | [Enter] to FIND "close" match, [^Enter] for exact match | | | | Global match is:"?" [Alt+g] to change | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5. As complete a description of the problem as possible - - what did you enter on the command line? - [PrtSc] listings of the screen before and after the problem - how was EDDY's output different from what you expected? - any other information that seems relevant -LOOK- EDDY.DOC bits=8 tab=8 line=1357 [F1]:HELP [Alt+F1]:MENU ================================================================================ Figure 16-1 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 16-2 A "close" match will ignore upper and lower case differences. One or more blanks in the string will match any number of consecutive blanks, carriage returns, line feeds or TABs (or any combination). A close match will also find words that have been hyphenated and broken across two lines. If you enter "bicycle" and then ask EDDY for a "close" match, it will find "bicy- cle" (i.e., broken at the end of the line) as well as any other occurrence of "bicycle". An exact match requires that every character match completely, including case and blanks. Exact match FINDs are much faster than "close" matches. Once you have entered a string, that string becomes the default for any later FINDs, on the same file or any file you subsequently LOOK at. In LOOK mode, press [f] or [/] to repeat the previous FIND, using the same string and the same type of match (close or exact). When EDDY finds the string, it goes to LOOK mode with the line containing the string at the top. The first byte of the string is highlighted, and it blinks. If there are long lines, and the string is off-screen, EDDY will move the display window to show the string. If the string begins with a carriage return or line feed, the display will be in hex format, even if it was in ASCII when the search began. This is because these characters are used as line break controls, and do not appear in an ASCII display itself; therefore, hex format is used. If the string was not found, EDDY will "beep", the message "Not found" will be displayed, and the last page of the file will be shown. You may interrupt EDDY's search by pressing any key. 16.1 Entering New FIND Strings The dialog box for FIND (and FIND & REPLACE -- see Section 16.6) is different from other dialog boxes. This is because of the requirement to enter two incompatible data formats (hex and ASCII) on the same line. You may notice that the line where you enter strings looks a lot like EDDY's PATCH mode display. In fact, the same data entry routines are used, and you enter your string just as though you were patching this line. Values 00 - 7Eh may be entered in ASCII format. 00h - 19h may be entered by using the [Ctrl]-shifted keys: [^ ], [^a], etc. In hex, all values may be entered. [Tab] toggles between hex and ASCII; if you don't like [Tab] for this purpose, see Section 8.2.1a. If [Tab] is not the toggle key, it can be used to enter TAB (09h) bytes in ASCII format. If any part of the string is entered in hex, or if the string has a hyphen in it, matches to words broken over two lines will not be found. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 16-3 Under the data entry line, marking the end of the string, is an up arrow (shown in Figure 16-1 as "^"). This arrow normally points to the last character entered, although you may move back to change a character if you make a mistake, and the arrow won't move. To mark the end of the string at another place, move the cursor to that place and press [End]. If you begin entering characters in the first (leftmost) position of the string, EDDY erases whatever previous string was there and accepts your input as a completely new string. However, if you move the cursor to some position further to the right, and enter your first character there, you can make changes to the previous string (including the first position). You may also use [Ins] and [Del] to edit FIND strings. Two other features provide a lot of flexibility for FINDing data: the "global match" character and the "don't match" attribute. 16.2 Global Match Character - [Alt+g] The global match character works like the "?" wild card in DOS. If a FIND string has the global match character, that position in the string will match any byte. For example, the FIND string "str?ng" will match "strxng", "str ng", "str ng", etc. The default global match character is "?". If you want to search for a string which includes the character currently used for global matching, you can specify any other character by pressing [Alt+g] and then typing the new global match character. You may use any character except space for global matching. The new global match character remains in effect until changed by another [Alt+g]. 16.3 "Don't Match" Attribute - [Alt+k] You may give any character in the FIND string the "don't match" (or "match anything BUT this") attribute. This means that the character in that position in the string will match any character in the file EXCEPT the actual character in the string. To give this attribute to a character, press [Alt+k] and then type the character. The character will be high- lighted on the screen to remind you it has the "don't match" attribute. For example, if the second character in the string "xyz" were designated as "don't match", the string would be a successful match to "x0z", "x=z", etc., but would not match "xyz". EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 16-4 If your string contains a global match character, you may designate it as "don't match". In this case, that character (in that string position only) is no longer treated as a global match. For example, suppose the global match character is "?", and you use the string "abc?" with the last character as "don't match". Then EDDY would not find "abc?" if it occurred in the file, but it would find "abc-" or "abcd", etc. Similarly, if you designate a blank as "don't match", it will no longer match multiple blanks, carriage returns, line feeds or TABs. Instead, it will simply be treated as a match to any single character except blank. Typing [Alt+k] again, or any ASCII character in a string position previously marked as "don't match" removes the "don't match" attribute. 16.4 FIND "Any Text" You might want to search a .COM or .EXE file to see what messages might be lurking in it (such as "gotcha!" or "virus", for example). Or you might want to see how many words in a document have more than "n" letters. You can do things like this by entering a FIND string that has only "?"s (or whatever global match character you are using). If your string has only "?"s, it will FIND any string of upper- or lowercase LETTERS that is at least as long as your string. It will also match strings containing spaces, as long as there are not two or more in a row. Thus, the FIND string "?????" would match: "abcde", "AbcDE", or "a c e" but would not match: "ab&de", "Ab-DE", or "a de". You can also use the "don't match" attribute ([Alt+k]) with strings of "?"s. Don't match in this case means match only if the character is NOT a letter ("space" is not a letter). For example, if the middle "?" in the above FIND string were given the "don't match" attribute, the string would match: "ab&de", "Ab-DE", or "a de" but would not match: "abcde", "AbcDE", or "a c e". EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 16-5 16.5 FIND String in All Files - [^f] To search through all files for the given string, press [^f]. If the working directory contains subdirectories, you will be asked whether you wish to search the files in them as well. The first file from your current display will then be displayed in LOOK mode, and the FIND window will be ready for you to enter the FIND string. If a match is found, the first character is highlighted in a LOOK mode display, as for [Alt+f] or [f]. If there is no match in that file, the search will proceed to the next file, continuing until there is a match or there are no more files. After a match, you have 4 choices: 1. Pressing [f] searches the file for any more matches, and proceeds to the next file if no match is found. 2. You can press [Alt+f] to change the FIND string, and the new string will used for matching from that point on. 3. [Esc] exits from the current file without searching further, and moves on to the next file. 4. To stop the search and return to EDIT mode, press [^c] or [BackSpace]. 16.6 FIND and REPLACE - [Alt+r] To replace occurrences of the FIND string with a new string (the "REPLACE string"), press [Alt+r]. The FIND window will be expanded to allow entry of a REPLACE string in the lower portion of the window. REPLACE strings are entered exactly the same as FIND strings, and may be ASCII and/or hex. Switching between the two parts of the window is done with the cursor keys: [Up] moves from the REPLACE part to the FIND part, and [Down] moves from FIND to REPLACE. To shrink the window back to normal FIND-only size, press [Alt+r] again. If you begin the search with the REPLACE part of the window showing on the screen, then the REPLACE string will be used whenever a match is found for the FIND string. When you begin the search, you will be asked whether you want EDDY to pause for you to confirm before replacing, or just to go ahead and make the replacement automatically. A FIND string may contain global match or "don't match characters, even when used with a REPLACE string. If the REPLACE string is shorter than the FIND string (e.g., with a "close" match that includes white space), the REPLACE string will be padded with trailing blanks as required to make the two strings the same length. A REPLACE string may not be longer than its corresponding FIND string. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 17-1 17. File Selection by Filtering You may choose to display only files which have particular attributes (e.g., read only) and/or particular timestamps (e.g., files with timestamps later than 9 A.M. today). Filter values may be entered from the command line or while executing EDDY. When filters are in use, they are shown in the top line of the display. Closely related to filters is the feature called "exclusion", which allows you to specify files that are NOT to be included in the display. See Section 17.4. If the working directory has files that are not displayed because a filter is being used, an plus sign will appear just to the right of the file count field in the display heading (e.g., "53+files" instead of "53 files"). When you set or change a filter and there are other changes pending, such as renaming, copying, etc., EDDY checks to be sure that all files with changes will still be included in the display after the new filter takes effect. If not, you will be warned that some changes will be lost, and given a chance to decide whether to proceed or not. 17.1 Subdirectories and Filters Subdirectory entries are normally not displayed unless they pass the filter being used. If you prefer to show all subdirectories in an otherwise filtered display, use the [^key] version ( [^a] or [^q] ) of the filter command rather than the [Alt+key] version ( [Alt+a] or [Alt+q] ). Using [^key] allows you to choose how you want subdirectories to be handled. Once you have chosen to display all subdirectories, that choice will remain in effect for subsequent [Alt+key] commands, until changed by using [^key] again. If you customize, your current choice will become the default. See Section 26.3.2e for more on this. 17.2 Filtering by Attribute To filter the directory display so that it contains only files with attributes you specify, use an attribute selection parameter. 17.2.1 Attribute Selection from the Command Line A command line attribute selection parameter begins with a plus sign ("+") to distinguish it from a path specification. The "+" is followed by one or more letters for the file attributes you choose. The letters to use are the same as the letters in EDDY's display heading: R, H, S, D, A or N. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 17-2 To select files which have the attribute ON, enter the letter in upper case; for files with the attribute OFF, lower case. Thus, to select only files which are "hidden", enter "+H"; for files which are read-only and not modified since last backup (i.e., "archive" attribute off), enter "+Ra" or "+aR" (the order makes no difference). If more than one attribute is selected, all must match in order for a file to be selected. If you specify an incorrect letter, or use the same letter in both upper and lower case, EDDY will terminate with an "Invalid format" error message. Attribute selections are shown in the display heading. The letters for the selected attributes will blink, showing they're used for file selection, and they will be the same case -- upper or lower -- as you specified. 17.2.2 Attribute Selection in EDDY - [Alt+a] / [^a] Press [Alt+a] (or [^q], as explained in Section 17.1) for attribute selection while executing EDDY, then enter the attributes to be used for filtering. [Esc] restores the attribute filter previously in effect, if any. To select an attribute, press the key for the corresponding letter -- [R], [H], [S], [D], [A] or [N]. Pressing a key once selects "attribute ON", twice selects "attribute OFF", and a third time deselects the attribute. When you are satisfied with the selection, press [Enter]. Or select attributes by moving the cursor to an attribute and clicking the mouse or pressing [SpaceBar]. 17.3 Filtering by Timestamp To filter the directory display so that it contains only files with timestamps in a range you specify, use timestamp selection. 17.3.1 Timestamp Selection from the Command Line A command line timestamp selection parameter is enclosed in double quote marks Immediately following the first quote must be one of the following: "]", "<" or "=". These mean that the files to be selected for display must have timestamps greater than, less than, or equal to the timestamp you use. Next, you must provide the timestamp value. This may be a date, a time, or both. Following the timestamp value is the closing quote mark. Leading zeros must be used when entering dates if needed to make up a two- digit value -- e.g., "5/31/88" would be rejected; "05/31/88" would be O.K. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 17-3 Times are based on a 12-hour clock, and must be in the form "hh:mma" for A.M. times, or "hh:mmp" for P.M. Again, leading zeros are required. If you wish to specify both date and time, the date and time must be separated by one space. Some examples of valid timestamp values are: ">05/31/88 09:00p" - select files with timestamps later than this "=07/23/86" - select files created at any time on this date only "<10:30p" - select files created before this time, on any date Normally, EDDY will re-sort the display when you use timestamp filtering. When the filter includes a date, the display will be sorted by date. If the filter has only a time, it will be sorted by time. However, if you have explicitly changed the display sequence (by using option /1 or one of the sort commands), then filtering by timestamp will not cause a re-sort. If you make a mistake with the timestamp, EDDY will usually terminate with an "Invalid format" error. However, if you leave off one or the other of the quotes, and your filter value includes a "<" or a ">", DOS will use these as redirection symbols, rather than as part of the command line. With "<", you will probably get a "File not found" message, while with ">" the "Invalid format" and logo display output from EDDY will be put in a (hopefully new!) file in your DOS default directory. If these possibilities worry you, use "+" and "-" instead of ">" and "<", when entering a timestamp filter value from the command line. 17.3.2 Timestamp Selection in EDDY - [Alt+q] / [^q] Press [Alt+q] (or [^q], as explained in Section 17.1) for timestamp selection. Any timestamp filter in effect at that time will be cancelled, the null timestamp "=00-00-00 00:00p" will appear in the top line, and the cursor will move to the "=" sign. If you don't want to enter a new timestamp value, press [Enter] while the null timestamp is displayed, and no timestamp filter will be used. Otherwise, the null timestamp may be edited just as though it was a normal file timestamp in the body of the display. When you are happy with the filter value, press [Enter]. If you enter an invalid timestamp, EDDY will "beep" at you and move the cursor to the field in error. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 17-4 17.4 Exclusion - [*] Normally, if you append a file specification (including wildcards) to your working directory path, any files that match that specification will be included in your display, and all others will be excluded. You may reverse this logic if you wish. Press [*] to turn on the exclusion feature; i.e., exclude all files that match, and include only those that DON'T match. Exclusion doesn't have any effect if your file specification is set to "*.*". If exclusion is on and you change your file specification to "*.*", it will be turned off. When exclusion is turned on, the file specification on the "DIR of" line of the display will be highlighted. Exclusion is applied before any filtering, and does not affect the filter- ing operation. First, a file becomes a candidate for display depending on its name as compared with your file specification. Next, if exclusion is on, candidates are discarded and non-candidates become candidates. Finally, any filtering in effect is applied to the candidate. If a file is still a candidate after these steps, it is included in the display. [*] is a toggle; pressing it a second time turns exclusion off. If you use the exclusion feature, be prepared for an occasional delay while EDDY builds the display. To determine which files to include, ALL files' directory entries must be read, and a byte-by-byte check made to see whether their names match the given file specification. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 18-1 18. Playing With RAM You may access your PC's main memory from EDDY, in much the same way as for files. If option /R is turned ON, the display will include an entry with the name " memory", showing the no. of bytes of RAM in your system (as indicated by your system's BIOS), and the current DOS date and time. This entry will appear at the end of the list of files in most displays, with two exceptions: if the sort sequence is inverted, the " memory" entry will be at the top; and if there are more files in the directory than EDDY can display at once, the " memory" entry will not appear at all. " memory" is not included in the display of number of files and bytes used. You may LOOK at, FIND strings in, or PATCH the " memory" entry. For more information on these, see the respective sections of this document. Pressing [F5] while the cursor is on the " memory" entry tags RAM for COPYing. When you UPDATE, the RAM data will be dumped into a file named "-MEMORY-. " (in the target). If such a file already exists, it will be overwritten. The file will be as large as your PC's memory, so on floppy- only systems you probably won't have enough room. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 19-1 19. Volume Identifiers DOS offers two methods of identifying disks: volume labels and volume serial numbers. EDDY provides services for both. 19.1 Volume Labels - [Alt+v] / [Alt+Shift+v] To create or change a volume label on a disk, press [Alt+v]. Then type the new label in the dialog box on the screen, and [Enter]. Labels may contain ANY characters you like, with one exception: the first byte may not be 05 (hex). You may even enter a label of all blanks, if you want, or labels containing characters such as ":", "\" and ".". When creating a new label for an unlabelled disk, you'll get an error if the disk's root directory already has the maximum number of entries (e.g., 112 for a DSDD 5-1/4" floppy) allowed by DOS. To delete an existing label, press [Alt+Shift+v]. 19.2 Volume Serial Numbers - [^v] To create or change a volume serial number on a disk, press [^v]. Then type the new serial number in the dialog box on the screen, and [Enter]. The serial number consists of 8 hexadecimal digits ("0" - "9", "A" - "F"). There is also a hyphen displayed, but this is only for readability. The hyphen is not part of the serial number. Not all disks have volume serial numbers -- specifically, those formatted with a version of DOS earlier than 4.0, and some non-standard device-driven disks, such as some RAM disks and compressed disks. If you use [^v] on one of these, EDDY will complain. If you wish, you may PATCH 4 bytes in the boot sector, starting at offset 00000027h, with a serial number of your choice. If you want DOS to recognize it (e.g., with the "DIR" command) then you must also PATCH the byte at 00000026h to contain "29h"; this is a flag that tells DOS the boot sector contains a serial number, and other data normally included only with disks formatted by DOS 4 and later versions. On most disks formatted by earlier versions, the serial number field contains all zeros anyway, and there's no problem. Some however, have other values for these bytes, and the meaning (or lack thereof) is unknown. Patch at your own risk! EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-1 20. Disk Jockey's Delight (format-level disk functions) These functions are not available when looking at remote (network) drives. 20.1 "Compressed" or "Extended" Drives (CVFs: Stacker, etc.) EDDY can do things to your disks that you probably shouldn't do if using disk capacity expansion utilities such as DoubleSpace, Stacker, SuperStor, or similar products. For example, shuffling directories and and patching disk sectors have the potential to cause serious problems (i.e., your data may disappear!) if you're not completely certain of what you're doing. BACK UP YOUR DATA BEFORE EXPERIMENTING! Therefore, EDDY tries to identify such drives before proceeding with any of these functions. If a drive is identified as being one of these, you will either be warned and asked for confirmation before EDDY proceeds, or the function will simply be rejected, depending upon what you're trying to do. The first time one of these functions is requested on a drive, if EDDY can't decide automatically whether it's a real drive or a CVF (some vendors provide information on how to detect their products, and some don't) you will be asked... Is <x:> a "compressed drive" - DoubleSpace, Stacker, etc (y/n)? ...and EDDY will treat that drive according to your answer for the rest of that session. If you customize, the information as to which drives are CVFs will be recorded permanently. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-2 20.2 LOOK at Entire Disk - [F3] If you press [F3] on the third line of the display ("Drive X: is..."), you will enter LOOK mode for the entire disk, without regard to any file or directory structure. In effect, the whole disk is treated as a single file. The display will begin with the sector on the disk where the working directory is located. When LOOKing at the disk, the display is always in hex. However the meaning of "Offset" is different; "Offset" specifies physical disk sectors (normally 512 bytes each). Here's an example of this type of display: ================================================================================ Offset 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F ASCII P 1B0 6F 6E 73 AC 20 77 68 69 63 E8 20 61 72 E5 20 A0 ??? ons, which are 1C0 63 6F 6D 70 75 74 65 E4 20 A0 61 75 74 6F 6D 61 ??? computed automa 1D0 74 69 63 61 6C 6C F9 20 8D 0A A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 ??? tically .. 1E0 A0 A0 A0 77 68 65 EE 20 65 6E 74 65 72 65 64 AE ??? when entered. 1F0 20 20 49 EE 20 63 61 73 65 F3 20 77 68 65 72 E5 ??? In cases where 0000193F 20 74 68 E5 20 64 69 6D 65 6E 73 69 6F 6E 61 EC the dimensional 0633 010 20 77 65 69 67 68 F4 20 A0 69 F3 20 8D 0A A0 A0 weight is .. 020 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 67 72 65 61 74 65 F2 20 74 greater t 030 68 61 EE 20 74 68 E5 20 61 63 74 75 61 EC 20 77 han the actual w 040 65 69 67 68 74 AC 20 74 68 E5 20 53 79 73 74 65 eight, the Syste 050 ED 20 61 75 74 6F 6D 61 74 69 63 61 6C 6C F9 20 m automatically 060 8D 0A A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 E3 61 6C 63 75 .. calcu 070 6C 61 74 65 F3 20 64 69 6D 65 6E 73 69 6F 6E 61 lates dimensiona 080 EC 20 77 65 69 67 68 F4 20 63 68 61 72 67 65 73 l weight charges 090 2E 0D 0A 2E 70 61 0D 7d A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 A0 46 72 ....pa.. Fr 0A0 6F ED 20 A0 69 6E 66 6F 72 6D 61 74 69 6F EE 20 om information 0B0 A0 65 6E 74 65 72 65 64 AC 20 74 68 E5 20 53 79 entered, the Sy 0C0 73 74 65 ED 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 F3 20 A0 E1 20 stem creates a 0D0 A0 64 65 74 61 69 6C 65 E4 20 8D 0A A0 A0 A0 A0 detailed .. 0E0 A0 A0 68 69 73 74 6F 72 F9 20 A0 6F E6 20 65 61 history of ea 0F0 63 E8 20 73 68 69 70 6D 65 6E F4 20 72 65 63 6F ch shipment reco -LOOK- Drive C:\ bits=8 tab=8 line= ? [F1]:HELP [Alt+F1]:MENU ================================================================================ Figure 20-1 The first line of each sector's display has the logical sector number in the "Offset" field (0000193F in the example). The other lines for the indicate the offset of the bytes from the beginning of the sector. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-3 If the sector is the first sector of a cluster, the second line also shows the cluster number (0633 in the example). Numbering starts with cluster 2, which begins with the first sector in the disk's data area. Sectors in the DOS disk control area, which include the boot sector(s), File Allocation Table(s), root directory, etc., do not have cluster numbers. However, the starting sectors of the root directory and File Allocation Table(s) have "ROOT" and "FAT" respectively, under the sector number. You may notice the "???" strings in the first few lines of Figure 20-1; this is the way EDDY indicates sectors on which DOS has reported that an error has occurred while reading the data. The data may not be accurate. 20.2.1 Jumping Around Several "shortcut" methods are available to move the display quickly to various parts of the disk: a. Jump to Sector - [j] To move to a particular sector, press [j]. EDDY will ask you to enter the sector number, in hex. When you have done so, the display will move accordingly. If the number entered is larger than the last sector number on the disk, the last sector will be displayed. b. Jump to Cluster - [Alt+j] To move to a particular cluster, press [Alt+j]. EDDY will ask you to enter the cluster number, in hex. When you have done so, the display will move accordingly. If the number entered is larger than the last cluster number on the disk, the last cluster will be displayed. c. Jump to Working Directory - [Alt+w] Pressing [Alt+w] moves you to the first cluster of the working directory. (This is automatic when you LOOK at disk, but can also be used any time.) d. Jump to Target Directory - [Alt+t] If there is a target directory, and it is on the same disk as the working directory, it will be displayed if you press [Alt+t]. e. Jump to Starting Cluster - [Alt+s] A directory entry contains a pointer (cluster number) to the first disk area allocated to that file or directory. This pointer remains in the entry even after the file has been deleted, until that entry is used again. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-4 To look at the data on the disk at the logical start of the area allocated to a file or directory (the cluster), position the directory entry on the first line of the screen and press [Alt+s]. f. Jump to Next Cluster - [Alt+n] Space on the disk is allocated in clusters, and the record of space alloca- ted is maintained in "chains" of cluster numbers, in the FAT. To view the data in the next cluster in the chain for a file, press [Alt+n]. g. Jump to Unallocated Cluster - [Alt+u] When [Alt+u] is pressed after entry to LOOK, the first cluster that has not been allocated is displayed. After that, [Alt+u] displays the next sequential unallocated cluster. When all unallocated clusters have been displayed, there's a "beep" and the display returns to the first one. h. Jump to "Bad Spot" - [Alt+b] When [Alt+b] is pressed after entry to LOOK, the first cluster that was marked as "bad" by the disk formatting process (or other utility) is displayed. After that, [Alt+b] displays the next sequential "bad" cluster. When all "bad" clusters have been displayed, there's a "beep" and the display returns to the first one. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-5 20.2.2 Displaying Directory Entries - [Alt+d] If you have a directory entry displayed at the top of the screen, such as would be the case after an [Alt+w] or [Alt+t] command, described above, you can use [Alt+d]. The result will be a display (nearly) like EDDY's EDIT mode format for that entry. An example is given in Figure 20-2. The attributes are shown by the letters "N_ADVSHR". These stand for: Network-shareable, (system device), Archive, Directory, Volume, System, Hidden, and Read only, respectively. They are listed in the same order as the corresponding bits of the directory entry's attribute byte. The "system device" bit should never be on, and will normally be shown as "_"; if it IS on for some reason, it will appear as a "+". An upper case letter means attribute ON, lower case means OFF. The "cluster" number is the starting cluster which is (or was, if the entry has been deleted) allocated to the file or subdirectory. After displaying a directory entry, any keypress will clear it. If the key used is also a valid command, it will be executed (e.g., if you press [Alt+s], the starting cluster will be displayed). ================================================================================ Offset 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07-08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F ASCII P 00000053 49 42 4D 42 49 4F 20 20 43 4F 4D 27 00 00 00 00 IBMBIO COM'.... ROOT 010 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 48 CA 10 02 00 DF 4D 00 00 .......HJ..._M.. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | IBMBIO .COM 19935 6-10-88 9:00:02a n_AdvSHR, cluster=0002 | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 050 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 48 30 11 1B 00 1C 63 00 00 .......H0....c.. 060 44 4F 53 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 DOS ..... 070 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 A2 3F 10 28 00 00 00 00 00 ......."?.(..... 080 54 4F 53 48 49 42 41 31 36 30 30 28 00 00 00 00 Toshiba1600(.... 090 00 00 00 00 00 00 21 AC 9B 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 ......!,........ 0A0 54 41 53 4D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 TASM ..... 0B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 27 63 B5 12 BE 02 00 00 00 00 ......'c5.>..... 0C0 E5 52 49 56 45 20 20 20 44 20 20 20 00 00 00 00 eRIVE D .... 0D0 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 0F 38 13 9A 26 12 C0 05 00 ........8..&. .. 0E0 55 54 49 4C 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 UTIL ..... 0F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 AC 9B 12 66 01 00 00 00 00 ......1,..f..... 100 48 4D 41 56 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 HMAV ..... 110 00 00 00 00 00 00 D6 AE 9B 12 A2 01 00 00 00 00 ......V..."..... 120 4D 49 53 43 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 MISC ..... 130 00 00 00 00 00 00 3A 7D CB 12 FD 08 00 00 00 00 ......:}K.}..... 140 47 41 4D 45 53 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 00 00 00 00 GAMES ..... -LOOK- Drive C:\ bits=8 tab=8 line=? [F1]:HELP [Alt+F1]:MENU ================================================================================ Figure 20-2 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-6 20.2.3 Who Owns That Cluster? - [Alt+o] While LOOKing at the raw disk data, pressing [Alt+o] tells you what file (or directory, or other disk structure) "owns" the displayed disk area. If the display includes two sectors, the owner which is displayed will be for the sector at the top of the screen. If the sector is part of the system area at the beginning of the disk, a message will tell you which part of the system area it is: boot sector, FAT, root directory, or "reserved". For other parts of the disk, particularly on a big one, finding the owner can take a loonnngggg time! The DOS file system structures are not set up to make this kind of search easy. First, potentially all sectors in the File Allocation Table (FAT) must be scanned to find the one 12- or 16-bit FAT entry, if any, which contains the current cluster number. (That's NOT the FAT entry for the current cluster; it's the entry that POINTS to the current cluster). Then, that scan must be repeated for the entry just found, and then perhaps again, until there is no FAT entry which points to the one being looked for. That means we have found the first cluster in the chain. Once the first cluster has been found, we've just started. Next, we must scan the drive's "tree" of directories, looking at each file entry in each directory to find the one that contains that "first cluster number" we found by scanning the FAT. So patience, please! When the owner is displayed, you may see that the first byte of the filename is a "?", which of course is not a valid filename. This tells you that the file has been deleted, but the associated disk clusters have not yet been de-allocated. This is because some vendors' implementations of DOS, and some compressed disk drivers, do not de-allocate clusters when a file is deleted, but rather wait until the space is needed and then do a "garbage collection". If a cluster is marked as "allocated" in the FAT, but no owner can be found in the directory tree, that cluster is "lost", and can be reclaimed by running DOS's CHKDSK utility. NOTE: On some compressed disks (CVFs), because of differences in the actual low-level "disk" data structures used by the compression product and the logical disk data structures expected by EDDY, clusters may be reported as "lost" when there is actually no problem. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-7 20.2.4 COPY Unallocated Sectors ("Snoop") - [^u] You may create a file containing all currently-unallocated sectors on a disk (perhaps containing interesting -- to someone -- info from long- deleted files): LOOK at the disk, and press [^u]. The file will be created on that same disk, and thus eats up all the available space. You may browse (i.e., "snoop") in the file, or whatever you like, but you'll eventually have to move it or delete it before you can do much more with that disk. EDDY will tell you the filename it used. The name will consist of 8 apparently random letters. Actually, these are generated from the current date and time by DOS when it is requested to create a "temporary" file. The name is guaranteed by DOS to be unique within its directory. There is nothing really different about a temporary file except its name. It must be opened and closed just like any other file, and it doesn't go away automatically; if you want to get rid of it, you must explicitly delete it. If you want to prevent anyone with a copy of EDDY from snooping around in YOUR electronic dumpster, use the DESTROY Drive command (see Section 13.3.3) 20.3 LOOK at Boot Sector - [^Home] While LOOKing at the raw disk data, pressing [^Home] moves the display to the boot sector. A formatted, readable display of the information appears. The formatted display is cleared when any key is pressed. It may be redisplayed by pressing [Tab]. Some data is not available with all disks -- it depends on the version of DOS used to format the disk, NOT on the version of DOS currently being used. Data that is not available in the boot sector being looked at is indicated by "?" in the appropriate field(s) of the display. Specifics such as the addresses of the individual fields, and which fields go with which DOS versions are beyond the scope of this manual. Details of the boot sector format variations are provided in many books, such as Ray Duncan's classic "Advanced MSDOS Programming". However, there are a few frequently-asked questions: - What are "reserved sectors"? Reserved sectors are sectors on the logical disk (partition) which precede the first File Allocation Table area. There is always at least one reserved sector: the boot sector itself. - What are "hidden sectors"? Hidden sectors are sectors on the physical disk that precede the first sector of the current logical disk (partition). The number of hidden sectors is usually equal to or a EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-8 multiple of the number of sectors per track; i.e., the Master Boot Record (see next section) is on sector one of track zero of the physical disk, and the rest of that track is unused, with the first logical partition starting on track one. - What is the strange-looking "drive #"? On disks whose format supports this field, you'll normally see "00", "80" or sometimes "81" hex. "00" means this is not a physical hard disk; it may be a floppy, a compressed disk, a RAM disk, or some other driver-controlled device. "80", "81", etc. are assigned to physical hard disks connected to the system, and these are used with the physical, low-level disk i/o operations handled by BIOS interrupt 13h. This interrupt requires a drive number to be in register DL, as many books will tell you. What most of them DON'T tell you is that this is a completely different drive number than the "0 = A, 1 = B, ..." that most DOS services use. "80" means the first physical hard disk -- typically, your "C:" drive. - Why doesn't the "volume label" match what I see in the EDIT display? What EDDY (or the DOS "dir" command) displays is the value stored in the root directory with the "volume" file attribute turned on. The value in the boot sector (where the format supports it) is OFTEN the same, but need not be. If you change the volume label (using [Alt+v] in EDIT mode), only the value in the root directory is affected. 20.4 LOOK at Master Boot Record (MBR) - [ ] When you are LOOKing at the disk, you may display the Master Boot Record either by pressing [ ], or, if the disk display is showing the disk's boot sector (offset 00000000h), by pressing [PgUp]. There's really not much to see there except the Partition Table (or possibly some sneaky virus infection). A readable display of the Partition Table is provided initially. You may toggle between this and the raw, hex data display by pressing [Tab]. Only true, physical hard disks have MBRs. Floppies, RAM disks, compressed disks (e.g., DoubleSpace, Stacker), and other non-standard device driver- controlled disks (such as some external hard disks connected via the parallel port) do not. Or at least, they don't have one that anything other than that specific device driver knows how to get at. If the disk you are looking at does not have an MBR that can be accessed, EDDY will complain when you try to look at it. When a physical disk has more than one partition, DOS treats each as a separate logical disk. It is these logical disks that you LOOK at with EDDY. From any of the logical disks on the same physical disk, pressing [ ] will display the same MBR -- there's only one per physical disk. EDDY does not allow patching of the MBR, in the interest of not making your hard disk data a totally unrecoverable loss! EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 20-9 20.5 PATCH Anything on a Disk - [F4] You can patch disks without regard to logical or physical file structure (except for the MBR, as explained above). This capability should be used with caution, as it is quite possible to make a disk unusable by patching the wrong byte(s). The first part of the disk (before cluster 0002) contains formatting and space allocation information, and is the most sensitive area. Therefore, EDDY will warn you and ask for confirmation before patching there. If this capability worries you, see the next section. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! WARNING! USE GREAT CARE WITH SECTOR PATCHING ON "COMPRESSED" OR "EXTENDED" DRIVES -- I.E., DEVICES CREATED AND MANAGED BY DOUBLESPACE, STACKER, AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS. PATCHING FILES STORED ON THOSE DISKS IS PERFECTLY SAFE, HOWEVER. SEE SECTION 20.1 FOR MORE INFORMATION. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 20.6 That's Too Dangerous! These very powerful features can be extremely dangerous in the hands of an inexperienced user, or worse, someone who is intent on doing damage. For this reason, some users prefer not to have all the capabilities readily available, especially on machines that may be used by more than one person. By creating a customized version of EDDY, you can PERMANENTLY disable the absolute sector patching feature. Just answer "n" when the question: "Allow disk PATCHing by sector in new EDDY (y/n)?" is asked, and the customized version will have this feature disabled. If you answer "y", you can change ANYTHING on a disk, including format data. Even if you customize again, using the disabled EDDY.COM as the master copy, sector patching cannot be re-enabled. Your original copy of EDDY.COM (or EDDY.OLD, after customizing), will still do sector patching, however, so it should be kept safely tucked away where only you can get to it. 20.7 FIND Strings Anywhere on a Disk - [Alt+f] The FIND command works the same as with a file. Refer to Section 16. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 21-1 21. Working With Disk-Image Data You can copy entire disks -- boot sector, FAT, and all -- for backup or other purposes. Some of the reasons you might want to do this are described below. You can also copy selected parts of a disk, which is primarily useful for data recovery purposes in situations where other methods fail. These functions are not available when LOOKing at remote (network) drives. 21.1 COPY Disk Image - [Shift+F5] To copy an entire disk to a file, move the cursor to the "Drive" line of the display and press [Shift+F5]. The target directory must be on a separate disk, which must be larger than the disk being copied. The resulting disk-image file will, by default, be named "DRIVE.{x}", where "x" is the letter of the drive that was copied. You may choose a different filename if you prefer. If a file with this name already exists in the target directory, you'll get a warning message and EDDY will let you decide whether to proceed or not. If you proceed, the existing file will be overwritten. This file will be 4 bytes longer than the disk being copied (6 bytes if it's a hard disk). EDDY writes the sector size and no. of sectors of the source disk at the beginning of the file, for checking compatibility if EDDY is used to restore the file to a disk (see next section). If you need a file that is an exact image of your disk (i.e., doesn't have these extra bytes), use EDDY's PATCH command to delete the first 4 (or 6) bytes. This feature will not work with copy-protection schemes that use non-DOS formats for some or all parts of the disk. Hidden files, non-standard directory structures, and unique boot programs are no problem, however. "That's interesting", you say, "but why would I want to do that?" There are several possible uses for this feature: a. Upload/Download Entire Disks Sending entire disks electronically is difficult without EDDY. If you have a disk you'd like to transmit via modem, use disk-image copying. Then you can compress the resulting file, and transmit. (For maximum compression, use a newly-formatted disk to create your original.) Make sure the receiver has a copy of EDDY, so that he can rebuild the disk as described in Section 21.2. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 21-2 b. Make Multiple Disk Copies Quickly Another use for this feature is in making multiple copies of a single disk. Using EDDY to do a disk-image copy and then doing repeated disk-image restores, as described in Section 21.2 below, is a lot faster than repeating DOS's "diskcopy" several times. It's particularly effective if you copy the disk image to a RAM disk. c. Reduce Disks Needed for Backup A lot of software packages have a LOT of disks (Borland C++ comes to mind). Common sense tells us we should make backup copies of these disks, in case the originals go bad someday (There's ANOTHER 11 disks to store!). With EDDY, you can copy the original disks to image files, compress them with PKZIP or whatever, and copy two (sometimes 3) of those compressed files to one high-density disk. You've just cut your backup disk count at least in half. If you ever need the backup, just uncompress the file for the disk you need, then use EDDY's disk-image restore, and you're ready to go. d. No-Hassle Hard Disk Backup If you have two hard disks, you can use disk-image copying to backup the smaller on the larger -- and it's MUCH faster than other methods. I routinely backup my laptop's disk to an external hard disk. It takes about 6 minutes, with NO disk swapping or other manual intervention,for a 20 MB hard disk. And there are NO floppies to store and keep track of. 21.2 Disk-Image Restore - [Shift+F5] This is the command that makes disk-image copying, described above, so useful. This is how you rebuild identical-to-the-original, fully functional disks from the disk-image files. Pressing [Shift+F5] while the cursor is on a file previously created with EDDY's disk-image copy capability tags that file for copying in image format. This type of copy overwrites an entire physical disk, including format, boot and file allocation information on the target disk. The result is an exact copy of the disk originally used to create the file. When this command is used, the display will show "Copy image" next to the file involved. The actual copying will be done only when you enter UPDATE, by pressing [Enter] as normal from EDIT. EDDY checks the disk format of the target disk against the information saved from the original disk. If there is any difference, or if the file size has been changed since it was created, the restore will not proceed. Since the entire target disk will be overwritten by this operation, [Shift+F5] cannot be used if any other COPY or MOVE operations are pending. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 21-3 21.3 COPY Selected Disk Areas In addition to the capabilities described in this section, "byte" and "column" marking is available for use when LOOKing at disks. These are described in Section 8.6. The disk area copy capability is particularly useful for recovering lost or damaged data when other methods fail. This section describes the commands available to copy raw, disk-image data selectively. With these commands, you may copy all or parts of the DOS "system" area (the boot sector, FAT, root directory and any "hidden" sectors that may be part of your disk's format), or portions of the "data" area, where your files are -- or were -- stored. The resulting disk-image file will be named (by default) "SECTORS.{x}", where "x" is the letter of the drive that was copied. You will be able to choose a different filename if you wish. If a file with this name already exists in the target directory, you'll get a warning message and EDDY will give you a choice as to how you wish to proceed: either by overwriting the file or appending the new data to it. To COPY, you must first "mark" the areas desired. This process is different, depending on which part of the disk is involved. Marking is described in the next two sections. When you have defined the portion of the disk you want to copy, by marking it, press [Enter]. After you confirm -- as with other update-type operations -- by pressing [Enter] again, the area you have selected will be copied to the specified file in the target directory. If both the system area and the data area are marked, both will be copied. After copying is complete, EDDY unmarks all marked areas and remains in LOOK mode. Mark additional areas as desired, and copy those areas as well. Repeat as needed (as long as there is enough space in the target). As long as you do not return to EDIT, all data copied will be added to the end of the data in the "SECTORS.{x}" (or other specified) file. This lets you build that file without respect to the order of clusters on the disk. 21.3.1 Mark Sectors (System Area) - [m] In the system area, EDDY treats the data as three logical groups: the boot sector, plus any "hidden" sectors that may be present following it; the File Allocation Table(s); and the root directory. Select any or all of these to be copied, by positioning the LOOK display anywhere within the system area (e.g., by pressing [Home], [Home] to move to the boot sector) and then pressing [m] (for "mark"). To "UNDO" marking of data previously selected, press [F2]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 21-4 EDDY will ask which of the logical groups you wish to include in the COPY process. You will also be asked if you want to include "system area descriptions" along with the copied data. If you choose to do so, a brief text description will be placed in the file at the beginning of each logical data group, making it easy to identify each part of the data. Pressing [F2] (the "Undo" key) unmarks any sectors previously marked. 21.3.2 Mark Clusters (Data Area) - [m] Clusters to be copied are marked by moving the LOOK display to the cluster desired, and pressing [m]. If no clusters are currently marked, the single displayed cluster will be marked. If one or more clusters are already marked, the displayed cluster, plus all the clusters between it and the currently-marked clusters will be marked. Thus, the marked area is always a contiguous set of clusters. Only areas of the disk which are formatted for file storage, i.e., cluster #2 and beyond, can be marked in this way. Lower-numbered sectors (boot sector, FAT, root directory, etc.) may be marked and copied as described in the preceding section. Pressing [F2] (the "Undo" key) unmarks any clusters previously marked. 21.3.3 Jump to Marked Area - [Alt+m] If you press [Alt+m], the display will move to the first marked sector or cluster, if any, unless it is already displayed. In the latter case, if there are more marked clusters, the display will move to the last one. [Alt+m] has no effect if there are no marked areas, or if the entire disk is marked. 21.4 Data Recovery When you accidentally delete a file, there are many excellent products to help you recover your data. With luck, your file was allocated to contig- uous disk clusters, its directory entry has not been re-used, and no part of it has been overwritten. In this case, and even some more complicated, these programs can often recover your file automatically. If this solves your problem, congratulations! There's nothing easier. However, normally Mr. Murphy has made his contribution by the time you realize you have a problem. In this situation, EDDY offers facilities to assist you in recovering your data as easily as possible, and SAFELY! EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 21-5 The job is made a little easier by some of the commands provided by EDDY. It is safe because all writes are to the target disk, which normally is physically separate from the one containing your data (you may override this if you choose). Thus, there is no chance of making things worse, by erroneously patching FATs or directories, or by copying data you are trying to recover on top of data you will want to recover later. The steps for file recovery are... 1. Set your working directory to the directory which used to contain the file which had the data you want to recover. Move to the "Drive X: is..." line and press [F3]. Then press [Alt+w] to move to the area of the disk containing the working directory. Continue with Step 2. If the directory has been deleted too, start with the (former) parent directory as your working directory, and use Steps 2 and 3 to move to the disk area containing the deleted directory information. Then begin with Step 2 from there. 2. Move the display until the line containing your deleted filename (or directory) is at the top of the display. Only the first byte of the filename will be different: that byte will be either "E5" or "05" hex; the rest of the name will be unchanged (Note that there is no "." between the name and extension parts). If you'd like a clear display of the directory entry at the top of the display, press [Alt+d]. This can be particularly useful if there are several entries that might be the one you're looking for, or if the name was only one byte long, because you may be able to identify the correct entry by the former size, date, time and/or attributes. If you don't find the filename in the first cluster of the directory, press [Alt+n] to move to the next cluster allocated to the directory, and continue looking for the filename. If you can't find the filename, go to Step 4, below. 3. When you have the filename at the top of the screen, press [Alt+s], to display the starting cluster of the deleted file. If the data looks like what you expected to find, proceed to Step 5. If the data there doesn't look like it belongs to that file, the cluster has probably been re-used by DOS to store another file. In this case, continue with Step 4. 4. This step is needed when you have to do things the hard way -- when directory entries or data file space has been re-used, and things are not so easy to find. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 21-6 The task is to identify the first cluster containing data belonging to your file. If you know what the data looked like, you may be able to locate it by using the FIND command to locate some known string. Otherwise, you'll have to scan through the clusters until you find one that contains likely-looking data. This is not QUITE so hard as it might be, because EDDY provides you with a way of looking only at clusters which are currently unallocated, which is where any data from deleted files will be found. (But see note at bottom of this page.) Use [Alt+u] to look at the unallocated clusters, one after another. This is still tedious, but at least it's better than deciphering the FAT to locate these clusters. When you've found the cluster you want to start recovering, proceed to the next step. 5. Mark the selected cluster, using [m]. 6. Look at the next cluster. If it looks like the next part of the file, mark it, too. Repeat this step until the current cluster looks like it's from another file, or from this one, but out of sequence. 7. Write the marked cluster(s), by pressing [Enter]. 8. Find the next cluster that looks like it logically follows the last one written, using FIND or [Alt+u], as appropriate (refer to Step 4 for an explanation of these). 9. Repeat steps 5 - 8 until you feel you have all the data from your file (or as much of it as is left, if other files have overwritten some of the clusters previously used by your file). 10. Your data will be found in the "SECTORS.{x}" file ("x" is the drive where your data was stored) in the target directory. NOTE: Some vendors' implementations of DOS, and some compressed disk drivers, do not de-allocate clusters when a file is deleted, but rather wait until the space is needed and then do a "garbage collection". This makes recovery of a deleted file MUCH easier, as the cluster allocation chain remains intact. Just restore the first byte of the filename in the directory and Voila!, there's your file. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 22-1 22. Directory Optimization !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! WARNING! DIRECTORY OPTIMIZATION USES LOW-LEVEL, SOMETIMES UNDOCUMENTED FEATURES OF MS-DOS AND/OR BIOS CAPABILITIES TO PERFORM ITS TASKS. ALTHOUGH EDDY HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY TESTED, THERE IS ALWAYS A DANGER THAT EDDY MIGHT NOT EXECUTE CORRECTLY WITH THE COMBINATION OF SOFTWARE INSTALLED ON YOUR SYSTEM. THE POTENTIAL FOR PROBLEMS IS ESPECIALLY ACUTE WHEN OPTIMIZATION FEATURES ARE USED WITH "COMPRESSED" OR "EXTENDED" DRIVES (CVFs) -- I.E., DEVICES CREATED AND MANAGED BY DOUBLESPACE, STACKER, AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS. EDDY WILL WARN YOU WHENEVER THESE FEATURES ARE INVOKED FOR USE ON CVFs, BUT YOU MAY CHOOSE TO IGNORE THE WARNING. BE CAREFUL! BACK UP YOUR DATA BEFORE EXPERIMENTING! SEE SECTION 20.1 FOR MORE INFORMATION. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! There are three main reasons for changing the order of directory entries on disk: to improve access speed, to free wasted disk space, and/or to allow directory information to be presented in some non-standard sequence that's unique to a particular application or user's preference. Access Speed ------------ When DOS needs to access a particular file or subdirectory, it does a sequential search from the top of the directory, until it either finds the entry it's looking for, a never-used directory slot, or the end of the directory. Clearly, if the entry wanted is near the beginning, and there are no directory slots present that are marked as "deleted", it'll be found quicker. Disk Space ---------- Directories may grow as large as necessary to hold as many files as are placed in them, up to the limit of available disk space -- except for the root directory, which has a size fixed at format- ting time. Once they have grown, they NEVER shrink, even if you delete all the files in them. The only way they get smaller is when the entire directory is deleted -- OR use EDDY to erase deleted entries and free the associated space (directory packing). Non-standard Sequences ---------------------- Many utilities offer a variety of sequences for sorting directo- ries: typically filename, extension, size or timestamp. However, sometimes there's a need to put directories in an arbitrary sequence, which can't be handled by the usual sorting utilities. This might be to get the directories in the desired order for a disk optimizer, or just because you prefer to see them listed that way. EDDY lets you put things in any order you please, by using the "Shuffle" command (see Section 22.2). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 22-2 22.1 Sorting a Directory Directories are normally sorted for display purposes only (as described in Section 1.5.2) to group files in ways -- by name, date, etc. -- that make it easier to work with them. Usually, displaying this way is enough, and there's no need to keep the sequence permanently on disk. When you do want to make the sequence permanent, however, just press [Shift] at the same time as you press the regular sorting commands; e.g., press [Alt+Shift+n] for sorting by name, [Alt+Shift+d] for sorting by date, etc. -- except [Alt+Shift+u] has no effect. When the directory has been sorted by using the shifted commands, the letter for the sequence code at the bottom of the screen will blink. The blinking sequence code indicates that when you UPDATE, the directory can be rewritten to disk in that sequence. After all file-related UPDATE actions -- copy, move, delete, rename, etc. -- have been done, the message... Write sorted directory to disk (y/n)? ...will appear, and EDDY will wait for your reply. If you answer "y", the rewrite process will begin. If the working directory display includes only some of the files in the directory, due to a file specification used (e.g., "*.DOC"), or attribute or timestamp filtering, then the entries for those files will be rewritten first, before the remaining entries in the directory. The result will be a directory display with two, separately sorted parts. Any entries marked as "erased" by DOS will be moved to the end of the directory, to minimize time wasted by DOS in searching through them when using the directory later. For a way to eliminate this wasted time altogether, refer to Section 22.3. Before starting the rewrite, a check is made to be sure no files are currently open in the directory. Rewriting with open files is likely to cause directory corruption, as DOS maintains pointers to absolute disk locations for data about files that are open, and rewriting will probably move that data during the process. EDDY uses some undocumented data structures within DOS to check for open files. If EDDY finds data there that doesn't look valid, and therefore is unable to check for open files, this message... Unsure if files open. Sorting not attempted ...will be displayed. EDDY can sort directories with over 2000 entries (including any deleted entries), depending on available memory. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 22-3 22.2 Shuffling a Directory - [Alt+F6] EDDY lets you arrange your directories in any order* you wish. Rather than sorting in the standard ways -- name, size, etc. -- you may move the directory entries around to suit your own preferences, and then write them permanently in that sequence. This is useful to improve access speed to frequently-used directories and files, by placing them at the beginning of their respective directories. Shuffling is accomplished as follows: 1. Move the cursor to the directory or file you wish to move, and press [Alt+F6]. The action tag "Shuffle..." will appear next to that entry. 2. Move the cursor to the entry located where you want the tagged entry to be placed, and press [Alt+F6] again. The tagged entry will be moved to the position immediately after the current entry, and the tag "Shuffled" will appear next to that entry. These two steps may be repeated as often as desired, resulting in many "Shuffled" tags. An entry that is tagged for any other action, such as COPY or DELETE, may not be tagged for "Shuffle...". If you do the second step on the same entry as the first, the only effect is to cancel the "Shuffle..." tag. If you UNDO a "Shuffled" entry, ALL "Shuffled" entries will be untagged. Also, if you re-sort the directory (or use any of several other commands that do a re-read of the directory without changing the sequence), any pending "Shuffled" tags will be cancelled. You will be warned before this is done, so that you don't lose the tags accidentally. When one or more entries have been Shuffled, the sequence code shown at the bottom of the screen will change to a blinking "?". When you UPDATE, the directory will be rewritten in the order it is displayed, and after the UPDATE the indicated sequence will be "U" (unsorted). All entries that were moved as a result of the shuffling will be shown as "shuffled" (the lowercase first letter indicating a completed action). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * NOTE: There are two exceptions to "any order": the '.' and '..' entries at the beginning of a subdirectory can't be moved, nor can the DOS system files (IBMBIO.COM, IBMDOS.COM or similar name) at the beginning of a root directory be moved. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 22-4 22.3 Packing a Directory Erased directory entries are placed at the end of the directory by the rewrite process. However, they still occupy space and they still waste search time when a file is "Not found" (this can become significant with long PATH statements). On the plus side, an erased entry MAY be used to recover a file deleted by mistake. If you are sure you won't need to recover any files deleted in a directory, then use EDDY to get rid of them. Depending on how many there are, you may get some additional free space on your disk, as EDDY will shrink the directory to the minimum size needed to hold the entries remaining. You will also eliminate time wasted in searching through them. When the directory rewrite process begins, if any directory slots are marked as "deleted", EDDY will ask... Erase "deleted" directory entries (y/n)? If you answer "y", the directory will be "packed" as it is rewritten. 22.4 Had a Problem? Don't Panic! This process has been exhaustively tested by the author and many users, without any problems. However, some of us are hesitant (read "intelligent") about using programs that mess with our disks in non-standard ways. Therefore, the following information is offered. Sorting and rewriting directories cannot be done using the standard DOS application services. EDDY handles this by writing directly to the directories, and using DOS services where available. No non-standard manipulation of the File Allocation Table (FAT) is involved. The steps EDDY uses internally to sort and rewrite a subdirectory are: 1. Set the "directory" attribute OFF in the subdirectory's entry in the working directory. DOS now treats the subdirectory as a file. 2. Read the "file", using standard DOS services. 3. Sort the directory entries in memory, and rewrite the "file" (packing it if appropriate), again using standard DOS services. 4. Turn the "directory" attribute back ON in the directory. If there is a problem with any of the above steps (e.g., a power failure during the update), recovery is straightforward. - If the subdirectory is still shown as a directory entry in its parent directory, there's no problem. - If there was a problem with step 4, the subdirectory will be shown as a "file" (i.e., no "directory" attribute) in the parent directory, with a EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 22-5 length of zero. Don't panic! There's only one little bit that has to be changed. To fix this problem, LOOK at the disk to display the raw directory data. Move the display until the entry for the "file" is at the top, and PATCH offset 0Bh to "10h". Your directory is now restored. Exit from LOOK, and you'll see the result. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 23-1 23. UPDATE Mode - [Enter], [^Enter] When you want to apply to disk the changes you have indicated in EDIT mode, press [Enter] to go to UPDATE mode. EDDY will display the net change in number of bytes used on disk which will result from your update. A "+" means more bytes will be used, and a "-" means some bytes will be freed. Before actually writing anything to disk, EDDY will ask you to confirm that you want to proceed, by pressing [Enter] again. This is to avoid writing to disk before you are ready because of touching a key by mistake. If you use [^Enter] to start the UPDATE, EDDY will ask you whether to put the current date/time on files copied. UPDATE normally -- after [Enter] -- leaves the timestamp unchanged on a file that has been copied. If you use [^Enter] instead, EDDY will ask whether you want to do this or not. (See discussion of the "timestamp" configuration parameter, in Section 26.3.2e). 23.1 Applying changes As each file is processed, its EDIT mode display line is displayed, allowing you to monitor UPDATE's progress through the directory. If a file's display line is not yet shown, nothing has been done to that file. After each file has been processed, EDDY checks to see if you have pressed a key. If so, updating will be suspended. All processing for the file being worked on will be completed, but no work will start on the next file. When UPDATE has been suspended, it may be resumed by pressing [Enter] (or [^Enter], if you want to change the way timestamps on any further copied files are treated). If you press [Esc], EDDY returns to EDIT mode, leaving intact any requests for changes not yet processed by UPDATE; these changes may be UNDOne if desired, or UPDATEd later. UPDATE does Deletes and Destroys first. After deletions, a second pass is made to apply any other requested changes. If there are errors during UPDATE processing, (read or write problems, e.g.) EDDY reports the error as indicated by DOS and suspends the UPDATE at that point. You may resume the UPDATE or return to EDIT. After a successful UPDATE, pressing any key returns to EDIT. If the key is one of EDDY's commands, it will be acted on. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 23-2 After an UPDATE, any files moved or deleted from the working directory will be shown grouped together at the end of the directory display, rather than in their original locations before the UPDATE. If there are more files in the directory than can be displayed by EDDY, files deleted or moved will not be shown; instead, additional files from the working directory will be displayed. 23.2 Print a Record of Your Changes - [Alt+p] / [^p] While EDDY is waiting for confirmation to proceed with an UPDATE -- i.e., after you have pressed [Enter] once, and before you press it a second time -- you may tell EDDY to print the changes as they are made. Press [Alt+p] to print. Pressing [Alt+p] again turns printing off. You may turn printing on during the UPDATE by pressing [Alt+p]. Printing will begin with the next change. 23.3 Target Capacity Check EDDY checks to be sure there is enough room on the target directory disk to satisfy any COPY or MOVE requests you made before starting the UPDATE. If there is, EDDY proceeds as described above. However, when there is not enough room, you'll see the following messages: Not enough room on X: Bytes needed: nnnnnnn Can't COPY/MOVE files "X:" is the target disk drive. The number of additional bytes needed is calculated from the file sizes in the working directory and the cluster size of the target directory disk, and takes into account that EDDY does deletions first while updating. To make room on the target disk, you must delete or move files occupying clusters equal to the total "bytes needed". (Most files' sizes are not even cluster multiples, but the space allocated to them by DOS always is.) When there are changes requested in addition to the copies and/or moves, this message will also be displayed: [Enter] to apply other UPDATEs If you decide to go ahead, requested changes other than copies and moves will be done, but files selected for copying or moving will be ignored. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 23-3 There are some situations in which the displayed summary of changes in disk space used may be inaccurate. In some cases, EDDY may run out of disk space at some intermediate stage during COPY/MOVE operations, even though the summary indicates there is enough space. This may happen in two situations. First, when all of these conditions occur: 1. Two or more files, for which there are files with the same name in the target directory, are being copied or moved. 2. Some of the files from the working directory use more clusters than their namesakes in the target directory, and some use fewer. 3. The big files are copied or moved before the small ones. In this case, all free space could be filled before space is freed by the copying or moving of the smaller files. If this happens, just resume the UPDATE by pressing [Enter]. When the UPDATE has completed, the files that were not copied will still be tagged. UPDATE again to copy those. A second situation that can cause the computed space requirement to be inaccurate is when copying is done with TAB removal (see Section 11.5.1). TAB removal (using a TAB interval 2 - 8) results in a file larger than the original. As EDDY does not scan the file first to count the actual number of TABs in the file and calculate the number of additional bytes that will result from the TAB removal, it is possible to run out of space on the target disk. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 23-4 23.4 Error Recovery 23.4.1 Data Errors If a read error is encountered on a disk during a COPY or MOVE operation, EDDY offers five alternatives: 1. Abort the copy/move process. In this case the DOS error code will be displayed, and no new copy will be produced. EDDY will continue with any other updates that may have been requested for other files. 2. Retry. If you choose this option, EDDY will start the copy process again from the beginning of the file. 3. Write a sector of "#" bytes in the new copy of the file in place of the sector that cannot be read. The new copy will be the same length as the original. All data which was in disk sectors that did not have have a problem will of course be copied intact. To see where the errors were, you might do a FIND on a string with several "#"s in a row. (EDDY writes a full sector, minus 4 bytes, of "#"s -- the "#"s are preceded and followed by a CR,LF pair.) NOTE: If you'd rather use some character other than "#", EDDY can be customized; see the "copy error" configuration parameter, described in Section 26.3.2e. 4. Copy the data actually read, even though DOS has indicated it is bad. 5. Skip the sector entirely, and write the next good block immediately after the previous block in the new copy. This obviously results in a new copy that is shorter than the original. When this alternative is used, there is nothing in the new file to indicate where sectors have been deleted. SUGGESTION: Select alternative 3, then rename the original and copy it again, this time choosing 4. This allows you to see where the bad data is, by looking at the first copy, and to see just how "bad" the data is, by looking at the second copy. After the copy or move, the message displayed for the file(s) involved will be "copied(?)" or "moved(?)", to indicate that the new copy is not exactly the same as the original. Also, the date and time on the new copy will always be the current date and time in this case. If multiple errors occur on a file, all will be treated in the same way, according to the alternative you select when the first was encountered. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 23-5 23.4.2 Cross-linked Files When EDDY copies a file, the number of bytes actually read is compared to the file size contained in the file's directory entry. If there is a difference, you will see the message: "Size shown in directory incorrect". The most probable cause of this is that you have two files which have somehow had the same disk cluster assigned to them by DOS (This is NOT a problem caused by EDDY!). You can verify that this is the case by running CHKDSK; CHKDSK will tell you which cluster is the overworked one, and would also normally tell you that there are some "lost allocation units". Under- standing the situation is fairly straightforward; finding the cause is not! What this means is that you have the beginning of both files intact, up to the cluster where they are cross-linked. After that cluster, you have the rest of ONE of those files. The rest of the other file, minus whatever was stored in the problem cluster, is most likely to be found in the "lost allocation units". EDDY doesn't offer any special capabilities to help you, beyond providing a way to look at file contents and truncate files as required, but the following discussion is offered in the hope that it may help someone confronted with this problem for the first time. If you have this problem, to salvage what you can, do the following: 1. Copy both files to the target directory. One of them will be correct (call this one "GOODFILE" for purposes of this discussion). You'll probably have to LOOK at them or try running them to figure out which one that is. 2. Run CHKDSK /F to convert the "lost" bits to a file. CHKDSK will give it a name like "FILE000n.CHK". Multiple files will be created if there is more than one group ("chain") of lost clusters. 3. If the file that was NOT correct after this step (call this one "BADFILE") is a text file, LOOK at the ".CHK" file(s) to see if you can identify some data that appears to belong with BADFILE. If so, rename that .CHK file appropriately (say, "BADFILE.MOR"). If BADFILE is not a text file, there's probably not much you can do, except proceed to step 6. 4. You may then use your editor, word processor, EDDY or whatever to chop off the erroneous data at the end of BADFILE. (This is data that actually duplicates some of the correct data belonging to GOODFILE). 5. Then, using DOS's COPY command (or other tools as appropriate), rejoin the two parts -- e.g., COPY BADFILE+BADFILE.MOR BETTER.FIL. 6. Delete the remaining .CHK files after examining them to be sure the don't contain anything useful. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 24-1 24. Batch Operations 24.1 Commands Available In batch mode, you may COPY, MOVE, DELETE or DESTROY files. The desired command is specified on the command line, as a "numeric" option. The numbers used correspond to function keys used interactively... /5 - COPY files ([^F5]) /6 - MOVE files ([^F6]) /7 - DELETE files ([^F7]) /8 - DESTROY files ([Shift+^F7]) Other numeric options useful in batch mode are: 24.2 Processing Sequence Option /1x - "x" defines the sequence (E = extension, D = date/time, N = name, etc.) in which files will be processed. Lowercase inverts order. 24.3 Synchronization Controls Option /2xxxxxx - "x"s define Synchronization Control settings (see Section 10). If the default settings are correct, /2 is not required. Normal defaults are Y,Y,C,C,N,N. Thus, to COPY files newer than corresponding files in the target, enter a command like... "EDDY/5 C:\WORK A:" To DELETE files that are duplicates of those in the target, enter... "EDDY/7/2NNNNYY C:\WORK A:" Attribute and timestamp filters may be used to select files in batch mode. Files with read-only, hidden or system attributes will not be processed in batch mode unless they are explicitly selected by an attribute filter. If a file to be copied or moved is "read-only" in the target, the command will proceed only if the file is also read-only in the working directory. Otherwise, the file name will be displayed with a message to inform you of the situation, and the file will not be copied or moved. NOTE: In batch mode the Control setting "C" works differently than it does when you use EDDY interactively. If the condition is encountered corres- ponding to a Synchronization Control which is set to "C", the file name and the message describing the condition will be displayed for information only, and the file will NOT be copied, moved, or otherwise acted upon. When any of these messages are displayed, you'll hear a "beep". If there are many such messages, so that they scroll off before you can read them, remember you may press [ScrollLock] anytime to pause the display. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 24-2 24.4 ERRORLEVEL Non-batch mode EDDY executions always leave DOS's ERRORLEVEL set to zero. When a batch mode execution finishes, ERRORLEVEL will be set according to the results, as follows: If all updates were done successfully, ERRORLEVEL will be set to zero. If updates were not done because no files qualified according to the criteria given by the Synchronization Controls, ERRORLEVEL will be set to 255. Any error encountered will terminate EDDY, and ERRORLEVEL will be set to the standard DOS error number as applicable (e.g., ERRORLEVEL = 2 for "File not found", 3 for "Path not found", etc.). EDDY also provides informative displays of the ERRORLEVEL values returned by child processes -- i.e, commands executed via Point-n-Shoot -- during interactive (non-batch) operations. See Section 14.2 for more on this. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 25-1 25. Tracking Directory Changes with "Snapshots" Some reasons for keeping track of changes to your directories: - When installing a new software package (especially under Windows!), it's usually VERY hard to identify all the files that have been added or modified by the installation process. Of course, that makes it difficult if you decide you want to uninstall the package later; you don't know for sure which files are safe to remove. - If you share access to files with others, it's often useful to know what files the "others" may have messed with. - Being able to tell which files have been changed after running a program gives you a way to detect many virus infections. EDDY offers a simple mechanism to allow you to keep track of changes. You can take a directory "snapshot", which records the working directory data in a file, and you can compare a previously-taken snapshot with the current working directory data. Snapshot processing may be interrupted, as described in Section 25.3. 25.1 Take Snapshot - [Shift+F5] With the cursor on either the "DIR of..." line (top line of display), or on the "." line if the display is for a subdirectory, press [Shift+F5] to take a "snapshot". If the working directory contains subdirectories, you will be given a choice of "snapping" the entire subtree (from the working directory down), or snapping just the working directory. Choosing to snap the entire subtree while in the root directory allows you to easily and precisely track changes that may occur anywhere on your disk. 25.1.1 Snap Working Directory Only The directory information for ALL files and subdirectories (except the "." and ".." entries), hidden or otherwise, displayed or not, will be recorded in a file named SNAPSHOT.{.} (Actually, the extension is a hex 0F9 enclosed in brackets, but that won't print properly on many printers, and it looks pretty much like a ".", anyway). There is an exception to the above statement: SNAPSHOT.{.}'s directory data will NOT be included in the snapshot. Also, SNAPSHOT.{.} will not be automatically included in any of the "repeated" command processing; e.g. it would not be tagged for COPY if you press [^F5], nor DELETE if [^F7]. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 25-2 A Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) will be computed and stored for all files (but not subdirectories), so that changes to the files' contents may be detected later. If you have really big files, such as DoubleSpace or Stacker compressed volumes, the calculation can take a loonnngggg time! Therefore, when calculating CRCs for files larger than a couple of megabytes, EDDY displays the filename, and allows you to interrupt the calculation for that file by pressing [^c]. If you interrupt, then no comparison can be done later on the CRC for that file -- it will always be considered to have no change in CRC until you later take a snapshot and allow the calculation to complete. For compressed disks, there's probably not much point in calculating a CRC anyway, as these files normally change every time you use your system. 25.1.2 Snap Working Directory Subtree If you choose to include all subdirectories of the working directory in the snap process, a separate SNAPSHOT.{.} file will be created in each of those subdirectories. This works just as described above, for each directory in the subtree. The status line at the bottom of the screen will tell you which directory is currently being snapped ("Analyzing..."). This may occasionally be changed to identify large files as their CRCs are being calculated, as described above. If you press [^c] while one of these filenames is being displayed, the CRC calculation will be skipped, just as when snapping single directories. 25.2 Compare Directories with Snapshots - [Shift+F3] If the cursor is on the "DIR of..." line or the "." line, pressing [Shift+F3] causes EDDY to compare the contents of the snapshot file with the current working directory data. If the working directory contains subdirectories, you will be given a choice of comparing snapshots and directories in the entire subtree (from the working directory down), or just the working directory and its SNAPSHOT.{.} file. In addition to the material below, another way to use the snapshot feature for comparing directories is described in Section 8.7. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 25-3 25.2.1 Working Directory Snapshot Comparison If no differences are found, you will see a message to that effect. If there are differences, you will see a screen (the "DELTA Summary) showing the differences found, by category. The categories are: 1. In DIR, not in Snapshot 2. In Snapshot, not in DIR 3. Timestamp newer than Snapshot 4. Timestamp older than Snapshot 5. Same except for attributes 6. Same timestamp, different size 7. No change since Snapshot taken 8. Same size, different CRCs A file will be counted only under one of categories 1 - 7. For files which are still the same size as recorded in the snapshot, and are in categories 3, 4 or 5, the CRC is recomputed and compared with the value stored in the snapshot. Any differences are counted under category 8, AND under category 3, 4 or 5 as appropriate. Thus, the total count may be greater than the number of files in the directory. For each category with a non-zero count, you may view the list of files in that category. Categories 3 - 6 will show both the snapshot data and the working directory information, for easy comparison. The display is in the order that the directory entries are physically stored on the disk. If the directory sequence is different from when the snapshot was taken, "NOTE - Directory sequence changed" will be displayed as the last line of the summary. As when the snapshot was taken, you may interrupt the CRC comparison process for big files if you don't want to wait for the calculation to complete. If you do interrupt, the CRC for that file will be treated as though it is identical to the CRC previously stored in the snapshot file, regardless of its actual value. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 25-4 25.2.2 Subtree Snapshot Comparisons If you choose to compare snapshots and directories throughout a subtree, the operation for each directory is similar to the description in Section 25.2.1. The primary difference is that if a subdirectory has no changes from its snapshot (or no snapshot is present), no display will be generated for that directory, and processing will continue immediately to the next directory in the subtree when you finish looking at the display of differences. 25.3 Interrupting Snapshot Processing - [^c] Taking and comparing snapshots can take quite a while, as every byte in every file must be examined. In case you get impatient, you may press [^c] at any point in the process. If you interrupt the process while snapshots are being created for all the directories in a subtree, any SNAPSHOT.{.} files created up to that point will be left intact. If you press [^c], you will normally be given a choice whether just to bypass processing for the current directory, or cancel the snapshot process entirely. An exception is if you press [^c] while the CRC of a big file ("big" means > 2MB) is being calculated. In that case, only the CRC calculation for that file is interrupted, as described above. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-1 26. EDDY's Default Settings are Lousy! You can't please all of the people all of the time. With this in mind, EDDY is designed to be easy to "tailor" to your taste in several ways. EDDY can be customized, creating a new copy of EDDY.COM with the various colors, options, controls, etc. set the way you like them. 26.1 Customizing - "EDDY/0" To customize, execute EDDY with option /0 (i.e., enter "EDDY/0") and use the normal commands available in the program to set the options, etc. When you have everything set up the way you want it, press [Enter]. You'll see a display of the various features that may be customized, to use as a final checklist. Press any key to clear this display, and then tell EDDY to create a new copy of itself with the settings you have selected, by pressing [Enter] or [^Enter]. Normally, EDDY puts the current date/time on the new copy; if you want the old timestamp on the new copy, use [^Enter]. (See also the discussion of the "timestamp" configuration parameter, in Section 26.3.2e). When you customize, the version of EDDY that is to be customized (which must be the same as the version that's executing) must be named "EDDY.COM". EDDY may be customized by two different methods (or a combination of the two). The EDDY distribution package includes a file called "EDDY.INI". This text file contains information which is used to set the default values for the program when you run EDDY/0. After EDDY.INI has been read, you may modify the default settings by using EDDY's normal commands, as described below. More information regarding the use of EDDY.INI is in Section 26.3. The customizable features, and the ways to set them, are: 1. Screen colors (see Section 26.2) - use [Alt+r] (note: [Alt+r] valid only during customizing) 2. Options (see Section 2.3) - select via [Alt+o] or from the command line 3. Synchronization Controls (see Section 10) - select via [Alt+c] 4. Sort sequence (see Section 1.5.2) - use [Alt+d], [Alt+e], [Alt+h], [Alt+n], [Alt+s], [Alt+u] or [Alt+i] NOTE: If you use any of the above sort commands, then sorting by date/time when using a timestamp filter is not automatic. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-2 5. Default action for [Alt+w] and [Alt+t] (see Section 5.1.1) 6. Default point-and-shoot command (see Section 14.2.2) - use [Shift+F8], and enter desired command 7. Attribute filter, and associated directory display (see Section 17.2) - use [Alt+a], or from the command line, "+xx" 8. Command key used with left mouse button (see Section 2.1.2a) - use [Alt+m], then press key for desired command 9. Left- or right-handed mouse (see Section 2.1.2b) - use [Alt+m], then press right mouse button 10. Mouse sensitivity (see Section 2.1.2c) - use [Alt+Shift+m], then move left or right 11. LOOK mode bit-stripping, line-wrapping and TAB default settings (see Section 8.2.3) - in LOOK mode, use [Alt+b], [Alt+l] and [Alt+number], respectively 12. Hex/ASCII toggle key (see Section 8.2.1a) - in LOOK mode, [Shift+Tab] allows selection of the key to be used 13. Auto-scrolling speed (see Section 8.2.2) - in LOOK mode, use [^PgUp]/[^PgDn] 14. Enable/disable absolute sector patching feature (see Section 20.6) - answer question: "Allow disk PATCHing by sector in new EDDY (y/n)?" 15. Identify compressed disks permanently (see Section 20.1) - answer question: "Is <x:> a 'compressed disk'...(y/n)?" When customizing, no editing, copying, patching or other changes to the disk can be made. The only purpose for this mode is to let you set things the way you want them, and then make a copy of EDDY with those settings. The customized version will be written to the directory EDDY was executed from, and will be named "EDDY.COM". The original copy of EDDY will be renamed "EDDY.OLD". During the process of creating the new, customized EDDY.COM, there could be error conditions such as bad spots on the disk which cause the process to abort; if this occurs, you may see an error message referring to "EDDY.NEW" (e.g., "Error writing EDDY.NEW"). EDDY.NEW is the name given to the new copy during the customizing process, until it has completed without error; only then are the files renamed as described in the preceding paragraph. The messages "Where's EDDY.COM?" or "Incompatible EDDY.COM", mean EDDY.COM can't be found, or the version that's there is not the same as the version that's executing, respectively. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-3 26.2 Rainbow Selection - [Alt+r] In "customize" mode only, the [Alt+r] command is available to allow you to select the color combination for EDDY that best suits your monitor and preferences. [Alt+r] displays the following: SELECT SCREEN COLORS For next color on Press ----------------- ----- Headings [h] Text body [t] Cursor line [c] Window borders [w] [Alt+F1] for menu/HELP colors (Upper case for prev color) [Enter] when you like the colors Pressing any of the indicated letters changes the color of the corres- ponding part of the display, cycling through all the available colors as you press repeatedly. Upper case letters cycle in the opposite direction. When the colors are the way you want them, press [Enter]. Those colors will then be used with the new, customized copy of EDDY you create. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-4 26.3 Customizing a New Version of EDDY Once you have customized your copy of EDDY, your custom configuration is stored in a file called "EDDY.INI". Use of this file makes it easy to upgrade to a new version of EDDY without having to go through the detailed customization process again. It also allows easy transfer of your registration information to the new version without having to go through the patching process. More information on this is given in Section 26.4. The only information that is not saved between customizations is whether a disk drive letter is actually a compressed volume. Since this can change dynamically, the determination is made with each customization you do. 26.3.1 EDDY.INI EDDY.INI is an ASCII text file which contains information ("configuration parameters") to initialize EDDY's default values when you run "EDDY/0". There is a line in EDDY.INI for every parameter which can be customized. When you see EDDY's directory display, the initialization from EDDY.INI has been completed. You may then proceed to customize EDDY further, if you wish, using the commands and techniques described above. When you have set up everything the way you prefer, and create your new, customized copy of EDDY (by pressing [Enter]), an updated EDDY.INI, with the new configuration parameters, will also be created. The parameters in this new EDDY.INI may then be used as the basis for any more customizing you decide to do. When EDDY.INI is updated, the new configuration data is appended to the previous data in EDDY.INI, if any. Also, each new set of data has a timestamp at the beginning. This gives you a record of your configuration changes, and allows you to fall back to a previous configuration if you want (by deleting lines from EDDY.INI that were added after the desired configuration). EDDY processes all lines in the file sequentially, so your latest configuration data will be the last applied. If any errors are found while processing EDDY.INI, the line numbers where the errors occurred will be listed, and those lines won't be processed. All other lines will be processed, and the customizing will continue normally. To determine why a line was rejected, refer to the description provided in Section 26.3.2 for the particular parameter involved. EDDY.INI may be modified if you wish, using any tool that produces plain ASCII text. If you have accumulated a lot of configuration data, due to multiple customizations, you may want to delete some of the older data. If you completely trash EDDY.INI, or accidentally delete it, don't worry. Customize with no EDDY.INI present, and a new one, fully commented and with parameters set to the current values used by your copy of EDDY will be created. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-5 EDDY.INI is NOT used to configure EDDY's settings during normal usage, as the file access and interpretation slows down the startup process a lot. If you prefer to use EDDY.INI every time EDDY runs, set the "configure" parameter to "y" in EDDY.INI, and execute "EDDY /0"; every subsequent run of that customized copy of EDDY will use EDDY.INI to get its parameters. 26.3.2 Configuration Parameters Configuration parameters in EDDY.INI consist of a one- or two-word parameter identifier, followed by an "=" sign, and a parameter value, if desired. Related parameters are grouped together as sections in the file, and are alphabetical within sections. That grouping is also used in this document. The sections, and some examples of the types of parameters in them, are: [administrivia] - registration info [screen] - colors, size [mouse] - sensitivity, "handedness" [printer] - port name [EDIT mode] - options, synchronization controls, filters [LOOK mode] - tab settings, toggle key [DOS Gateway] - default command, supplementary prompt In EDDY.INI, the sections are provided for readability only; the order of the lines may be changed (or lines may be deleted) and the section headings may be changed or deleted, too. Anything following a ";" is treated as a comment. Comments may be added or deleted as desired. For parameters that have "yes/no" values, "n" and "no" are treated the same, as are "y" and "yes". Use whichever you prefer. a. [administrivia] configure= Set this parameter to "y" (i.e., "configure=y") if you want EDDY.INI to be used every time EDDY is run, whether customizing or not. (Obviously, this will take effect only after you have run EDDY/0 at least once with this parameter setting). If you choose to do this, expect EDDY to take a somewhat longer to display the first directory. Default: "n" name= The name of the person or organization to whom this copy of EDDY is registered. serial= The registration serial number corresponding to "name". EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-6 b. [screen] edit colors= Colors used for edit, look, and update mode displays. These are four 3-byte strings, separated by commas. If you want to change the colors, doing it interactively during customizing (by using [Alt+r]) is much easier than trying to construct the parameter strings. This parameter is primarily used as a means of recording the selected colors, rather than as a way of changing them (although you CAN change them this way, if you wish). The first byte is a letter: "T" (for text), "H" (headings), "C" (cursor line) or "W" (windows), defining the part of the display that is to have this color. Next are two hexadecimal digits defining the color to be used, and then an "h", which is really just a reminder that the digits are hex. The two hex digits represent one byte, which has the following format (bit 7 is the leftmost bit): bit 7: 1=foreground character blinks bits 6-4: color for background (000=black, 001=blue, 010=green, 011=cyan, 100=red 101=magenta, 110=brown or dark yellow, 111=white) bit 3: 1=brighten foreground color bits 2-0: color for foreground character (values same as for bits 6-4) The parameter line with EDDY's default color values would be: "edit colors=T0Bh,H1Bh,C1Eh,W1Eh" help colors= Colors used for help and menu displays. These are expressed as three 4-byte strings, each in the same format as for "edit colors", as described above. The first byte is one of: "T" (for text), "H" (highlights), or "C" (cursor line). The parameter line with EDDY's default color values would be: "help colors=T07h,C0Eh,H70h" max lines= Normally, the physical capacity of a monitor, in terms of the number of lines it can display, can be detected automatically by EDDY. However, there are some special-purpose monitors that have more lines than the BIOS settings indicate. In this case, EDDY's display would use only part of the screen space actually available. If you would like EDDY to use a different number of lines than are indicated by the BIOS, you may override the BIOS value by setting this parameter to that number (maximum value: 66). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-7 For the vast majority of monitors, the "max lines parameter should be left with its default setting of "auto detect". c. [mouse] action= Key press to be simulated when primary mouse button is clicked. See Section 26.3.3 for a description of how to specify a key to EDDY. Default: [F3]. button= "left" or "right" identifies which mouse button is the primary one. Default: "left" double click= Defines the maximum amount of time that may separate two consecutive clicks and still have them recognized as a "double click". It is specified in 10ths of a second, with legal values 1 through 9. Default: 4 (i.e., 4/10 of a second) sensitivity= Two 3-byte strings, specifying the sensitivity of the mouse in responding to movements. The first byte of the string is either "h" or "v", indicating whether the string defines the "horizontal" or "vertical" sensitivity component. Next are two decimal digits: "00" is the least sensitive, "99" the most. Defaults are "h25,v25". d. [printer] port= The hardware port to which the printer is attached. Allowable values are "LPT1" - "LPT4". Default: "LPT1". e. [EDIT mode] attributes filter= If you want to use an Attribute Filter as the default setting, it is specified by this parameter. The format is as described in Section 17.2.1. Default: no filter. attributes style= This parameter determines the "style" in which file attributes will be displayed. Valid styles are "1" and "2"; Figures 1-1 and 1-2 illustrate these styles. Default is "1". controls= Synchronization Controls (see Section 10). Default: "YYNNCC". copy error= When EDDY finds data errors on a disk during a COPY operation, the bad sectors may be written out to contain all "#" bytes. You may choose some other byte value if you wish. Default is "#". EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-8 easy look= Default operation is that when [Enter] is pressed in edit mode, and there are no pending updates, the action will be just as though [F3] had been pressed -- i.e., you look at the current file or directory. If you prefer to keep [Enter] dedicated for use only to applying updates, set this parameter to "no". Default: "yes". filter dirs= Directories are not normally displayed unless they pass the filter (attributes and/or timestamp) being used. If you want to display the directories always (with one exception), set "filter dirs" to "no". Exception: directories are not displayed if the filter specifies that attribute "D" must be OFF. Default: "yes". options= Options are described in Section 2.3. An uppercase option letter means the option is OFF; lowercase means ON. Default: all OFF. security= Defines the method used to overwrite files tagged for DESTROY. "ask" means ask for method to be used for each UPDATE "std" means use standard method "high" means use high-security method The actions taken for the standard and high-security settings are described in Section 13.3. Default: "ask". sort= Sort sequence for EDDY's initial directory display: N)ame. E)xtension, D)ate, S)ize, H)our, U)nsorted. Uppercase means ascending order, lowercase means descending. Default: "N". target= "box" or "tree" specifies whether target directory selection ([Alt+t]) is handled by the dialog box method or by tree display. Default: "box". timestamp= Specifies how file timestamping is handled when [^Enter] (rather than [Enter]) is used to initiate a copy, patch or customize update; i.e., does the file retain its existing timestamp, or get a new one? With [Enter], the default actions are... - copy: retain timestamp - patch: new timestamp - customize: new timestamp Values allowed for this parameter are: "ask" or "auto". With [^Enter], and this parameter set to "ask", you will be asked how you want the timestamp to be handled; if set to "auto", no question will be asked, and the opposite action from the default described above will be used. Default: "ask". EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-9 work= "box" or "tree" specifies whether working directory selection ([Alt+w]) is handled by the dialog box method or by tree display. Default: "box". f. [LOOK mode] auto scroll= Defines the relative speed at which auto-scrolling (see Section 8.2.2) will occur. This is a decimal digit, 1 thru 9. Default: 3 bit strip= If you want to have "bit-stripping" on as the default display mode, set this parameter to "y". Default: "n" hex toggle= If you prefer some key other than [Tab] (the default) for switching the look mode display between hex and ASCII text, set this parameter to the key you want to use. The key you choose must be one that is not used for other look mode functions. If there is a conflict, EDDY will use [Tab]. See Section 26.3.3 for a description of how to specify a key to EDDY. line wrap= Setting this parameter to "y" causes line wrapping to be turned on for look mode text displays. Default: "n" (off). sector patch= If you wish to disallow use of EDDY for direct patching of disk sectors, set this parameter to "n". More information on this parameter is in Section 20.6. snow OK= Used only with Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) monitors. EDDY displays RAM (in LOOK mode) and updates the screen between keystrokes, allowing you to watch what's really happening there; i.e., some locations, such as the system clock, are constantly changing. However, updating with this frequency causes screen flicker with a CGA. Most people find this very annoying, and so this "real time" display isn't normally done with a CGA. If you REALLY want to try this, set "snow OK" to "yes", and have an aspirin ready. tabs= This parameter specifies the number of bytes per Tab interval. Legal values are 0 thru 8. Default: 8 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-10 g. [DOS gateway] command= Pressing [Shift+F8] executes a default command. That command is defined by this parameter. prompt= This parameter defines an addition to the DOS prompt displayed to remind you when you are using the DOS Gateway. If you do not want any such reminder, set this parameter to "none". Any other string (maximum length: 6 bytes) is used as the prompt. Default: "Exit$g". swap path= When you use the DOS Gateway, the memory available for processes you run while there may be maximized by using this parameter. Specify the full path to be used for creating a "swap file" for temporary storage. The swap file will be created only if you use the Gateway, and is deleted when EDDY terminates. The swap file will use at most 256K bytes. On average, using the swap file will make about 120K more RAM available for Gateway processes. I recommend not specifying the "root" as the path, although that will normally work; the problem is the root has a fixed limit on the number of files that can be stored there, and if there's no room, the swap file can't be created. If you specify a swap path, it will be used. If you don't, but you use the DOS environment variable "TEMP", that path will be used. To inhibit swapping entirely, set this parameter to "none". 26.3.3 Defining a Key - [Alt+k] Two configuration parameters -- "action" and "hex toggle" -- allow you to choose keys that will be used for those purposes. Keys are defined by strings in the same format as used throughout this document, and as displayed in various screens and messages produced by EDDY. These strings are formed as follows: If the key is to be [Alt]-shifted, include "Alt+" as part of the string. If [Shift] is to be used, include "Shift+". If [Ctrl] is involved, precede the base key name with "^". Thus, if you wanted to use [Alt] and [Ctrl] with [F12], the definition string would be "[Alt+^F12]. If you wanted to use [Shift] as well, the string would be [Alt+Shift+^F12]. Base key names are generally as shown on the keycap. The "arrow" keys are referred to as ["Up]", "[Down]", "[Left]", and "[Right]". If you are unsure of a key's name for use with EDDY, press [Alt+k] in edit mode, followed by a press of the key whose name you wish to know. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 26-11 26.4 How Do I Get Rid of the *$#^&! "UNREGISTERED" Message? That's an easy one: Register! See Section 27 for details. If you've already registered, read on... When you register EDDY v.7u or later, your registration information (name and registration serial number) is also stored in EDDY.INI. Anytime you get a newer version, just run "EDDY/0", and the registration will be automatically be applied to your new copy. If you have registered a version earlier than EDDY v.7a, drop me a line and I'll send you the latest version, registered in your name. If you have a version between 7a and 7t, you may find the name your copy is registered to, and the associated serial number, by LOOKing at EDDY.COM. The registered name is stored at offset 00000010h, and the 6-byte serial number at 00000025h (00000054h in version 7a, 00000055h in 7b). Write down the name and serial number exactly as they appear in EDDY.COM. Then either use EDDY to patch them into the new EDDY.COM at offsets 10h and 25h, respectively, or enter them into the "name" and "serial" parameters in EDDY.INI, and run EDDY/0. Your new copy of EDDY will now display the "Registered to: (your name)" message when you run it. If not, you have probably made an error entering the name and/or serial number. Just repeat the process to correct it. 26.5 And How About the (expletive deleted) "Register?" Button? If you print out EDDY's registration form -- [Alt+z] followed by [m] and then [y] or [Enter] -- the button will disappear for the remainder of that session with EDDY. If the button is highlighted (i.e., you have "updated" at least 3 times), pressing [Alt+z] by itself will turn off the highlight- ing until the next update. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 27-1 27. Registration is FOREVER! If you have registered an earlier version of EDDY, refer to Section 26.4. If you find EDDY to be useful and satisfactory after a reasonable trial period (say, 30 days), and you continue to use EDDY, then you should register. You may register by credit card, by mail, or by using the Compuserve SWREG facility. More info on these in Sections 27.2 - 27.4. The low registration fee purchases a license, as described below. It also entitles you to technical support as described in Section 28.1, to receive subsequent updates at cost of handling and distribution, as well as the satisfaction of knowing you have done "the right thing". Also, the big "Register" button on the EDIT mode screen will no longer be displayed, and EDDY stops nagging you when you customize or do multiple updates. When you register, you will receive the latest version, registered in your name. Once you have registered, the serial number you receive will be valid for all future releases of EDDY, as explained in Section 26.4. EDDY will (gently) remind you if your copy is not yet registered. However, all versions, registered or not, are fully functional -- not "crippled" in any way. All features are available to everyone. 27.1 Pricing "Users" means the number of people, on a network or separately, who may be using the program simultaneously. If ordering more than one copy, please specify the individual or company name(s) to whom the copies should be registered. 1 - 5 users ............................ each $25 6 - 25 users ............................ each $20 (yes, 6 is a bargain) Site licenses negotiable. 27.1.1 Payment All prices are expressed in US dollars. Checks should be drawn on a US bank, payable in US dollars. Non-US checks, in convertible currencies, are accepted at current exchange rates, but a hefty additional fee is charged by my bank to process them. Therefore, if paying by non-US check, please add $15 (i.e., a single registration is $40). EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 27-2 27.1.2 Updates For those who can't find EDDY on a BBS or other source, updates are available to registered users at $5.00 per copy, to cover costs of postage and handling. When ordering, please specify the version you are currently using. NOTE: "Handling charges" have always been an annoying thing to me, but in the case of EDDY, there really is some "handling" other than putting things in an envelope and mailing: each copy must have the registration info inserted, and then the registered copy is tested to be sure the disk is OK and no problems have been introduced in the process. 27.2 Registering by Credit Card CREDIT CARD ORDERS ONLY +++++++++++++++++++++++ You can order with MasterCharge, Visa, American Express, or Discover from PsL -- Public (software) Library -- by calling 800-2424-PsL or 713-524-6394 or by FAX to 713-524-6398 or by CIS Email to 71355,470. You can also mail credit card orders to PsL at P.O.Box 35705, Houston, TX 77235-5705. Please refer to item number 10740 when ordering by credit card. THE ABOVE PHONE/FAX NUMBERS ARE FOR ORDERS ONLY +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Please DO NOT send credit card orders directly to the author. This will only delay shipment. I am not able to process credit card orders, and must send them back to you with a request to resubmit through PsL. Any questions about the status of the shipment of the order, refunds, registration options, product details, technical support, volume discounts, dealer pricing, site licenses, etc, must be directed to John Scofield, at the address shown on the logo when you exit from EDDY. To insure that you get the latest version, PsL will notify me via email the day of your order, and I'll ship the latest version directly to you. 27.3 Registering by Mail To register by mail, use the form provided by PRINTing the last page of this file (EDDY.DOC), or by running the "EDDY_REG.BAT" file. Or print a copy of the form by pressing [Alt+z] from EDIT mode. Then mail the form with your check to the address shown when you exit from EDDY. For checks drawn on a non-US bank, please don't forget the additional US$15 -- see Section 27.1.1. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 27-3 27.4 Registering via Compuserve - GO SWREG If you are a Compuserve user, you may register EDDY on-line. Just "GO SWREG", and refer to product #4186. 27.5 "The License" Registration purchases a license for the right to use the program -- NOT the program itself. One registration fee entitles you to one ACTIVE copy of the program at any time. Here are the terms of the license: THIS SOFTWARE AND THE DISK ON WHICH IT IS CONTAINED ARE LICENSED TO YOU, FOR YOUR OWN USE. THIS IS COPYRIGHTED SOFTWARE. YOU ARE NOT OBTAINING TITLE TO THE SOFTWARE OR ANY COPYRIGHT RIGHTS. YOU MAY NOT SUBLICENSE, RENT, LEASE, CONVEY, MODIFY, TRANSLATE, OR CONVERT THE SOFTWARE TO ANOTHER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FOR ANY PURPOSE. YOU MAY MAKE AS MANY COPIES OF THIS SOFTWARE AS YOU NEED. YOU MAY USE THIS SOFTWARE ON MORE THAN ONE COMPUTER, PROVIDED THERE IS NO CHANCE IT WILL BE USED _SIMULTANEOUSLY_ ON MORE THAN ONE COMPUTER. IF YOU NEED TO USE THE SOFTWARE ON MORE THAN ONE COMPUTER AT A TIME, PLEASE CONTACT THE AUTHOR. SITE LICENSES ARE AVAILABLE. Thanks to Steven Hudgik for the form and most of the wording used in the license and warranty disclaimers. His book, "Writing & Marketing Shareware" (Windcrest Books, 1992), is highly recommended. 27.6 Pass A Copy to a Friend ("de-personalized") If you would like to pass along a copy of EDDY for someone else to try, that would be great! However, some users feel uncomfortable in giving out a copy that shows their name every time it runs. If you would like to "de-personalize" a copy before passing it on, just patch EDDY.COM at offset 00000025 hex to 00 hex (or any other value different from what's currently there); that copy will become an "UNREGISTERED" copy. Don't forget to remove your registration info from EDDY.INI, too. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 27-4 27.7 EDDY is NOT Free and NOT Public Domain! Although EDDY is distributed in this way, it is not free. It is also protected by copyright, and has not been released into the public domain. EDDY is shareware. This means you are free to make copies, pass copies on to anyone else who may be interested, and take a reasonable time to "try before you buy" (I consider something on the order of 30 days to be "reasonable"). You are, however, expected to honor the "buy" obligation if the "try" is satisfactory. Copies of the program may not be sold for more than the cost of the medium they are copied on, plus reasonable handling charges. EDDY and this User's Manual may be copied ad lib provided the author's copyright notice and disclaimers of warranty are reproduced in full. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 28-1 28. Distribution and Support / Disclaimer If you have a problem with EDDY, I'll do my best to help. However, before we get to the specifics of such help, please consider the following: If you have not yet done so, please read the "DISCLAIMER" that appears both below and at the beginning of this file. In part, this disclaimer means there is no representation that EDDY will do ANYTHING, whether or not the author or the documentation states or implies that it will. Similarly, there is no representation that the program will NOT do anything harmful or annoying. Whatever it may do or not do, the author is not responsible for the results. Any person using EDDY bears all risk as to the quality and performance of the software, and the consequences of using it. DISCLAIMER - PLEASE READ CAREFULLY! +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ BY USING THIS PROGRAM, EDDY ("THE SOFTWARE"), WRITTEN BY JOHN SCOFIELD ("THE AUTHOR") YOU ACCEPT THESE TERMS: THE SOFTWARE AND ITS ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTATION ARE SUPPLIED "AS-IS", WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. THE AUTHOR EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES RELATING TO THE SOFTWARE, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR ANYONE ELSE WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN THE DELIVERY OF THE SOFTWARE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE OR FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY NATURE CAUSED TO ANY PERSON OR PROPERTY AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR HAS BEEN SPECIFICALLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR CLAIMS. THE AUTHOR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY COSTS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THOSE INCURRED AS A RESULT OF LOST PROFITS OR REVENUE, LOSS OF USE OF THE SOFTWARE, LOSS OF DATA, THE COSTS OF RECOVERING ANY SOFTWARE OR DATA, OR THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR'S LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES TO YOU OR ANY OTHER PARTY EVER EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE LICENSE TO USE THE SOFTWARE, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE CLAIM. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 28-2 28.1 Technical Support Technical support is guaranteed to be available to any registered user for at least six months from the date of registration. In practice, support is available for an unlimited time; only if circumstances (e.g., illness) make it impractical to continue would support ever cease. In the unlikely event you (as a registered user) have a problem with EDDY (not a bug, surely!), if you take the trouble to report it, I'll try to solve it. And I'll get back to you with a fix, if possible. With any problem report, please include the following information: 1. Version number of your copy of EDDY (as shown on the logo which is displayed when you exit from EDDY) 2. Level of MS- or PC-DOS you are using 3. Any resident programs being used - - listings or copies of AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS are very helpful! 4. As complete a description of the problem as possible - - what did you enter on the command line? - what commands did you use just before the problem occurred? (the last 4-5 keystrokes, if possible) - how was EDDY's output different from what you expected? - IMPORTANT! A listing of your EDDY.INI file contents - [PrtSc] screen printouts before and after the problem (if possible) - any other information that seems relevant 5. Hardware used (please provide the information from the following list that seems related to your problem) - - computer: brand name & model @ - memory size - monitor: color or B/W, brand name & model, screen size (if not 25x80) - display adapter: Mono, CGA, EGA, VGA or ???; brand name & model - mouse, if any: number of buttons, brand name & model - working directory disk drive: type & size, brand name & model - target directory disk drive: type & size, brand name & model - any other hardware 6. Your name, address and phone number EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 28-3 28.2 How Can I Get in Touch With You? I move around a LOT; both throughout the US and in various places around the world. Mail eventually reaches me, but it sometimes takes a while longer than people expect. Please try to be patient -- I WILL respond. Please send all correspondence to: John Scofield 117 West Harrison Bldg. 6th floor, Dept. S-678 Chicago, IL 60605 USA This address is a forwarding service. If quicker contact/response is needed, and you have a modem, you may reach me via Compuserve: 70162,2357. If you have access to the Internet, e-mail may be sent to me at: scofield ACM.org EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 28-4 28.3 Where Can I Find the Latest Version? EDDY is available on Compuserve: GO PCUTIL (formerly IBMSYS), LIB 6; and on many other BBSs, including the ASP Hub Network BBSs, which offer it as a free download. These BBSs are members of the ASP Hub Network (AHN): Zone 1 - East Coast USA North-East Coast Mid-East Coast [Site #1] [Site #2] The Consultant BBS The Break RBBS <East> Jay Caplan Bruce Jackson P.O. Box 8571 4660 Whitaker PL New York NY 10116-4655 Dale City, VA 22193-3011 BBS Phone: 718-837-3236 BBS Phone: 703-680-9269 BBS Software: PCBoard BBS Software: RBBS Zone 2 - North Mid-USA Zone 3 - Southern Mid-USA [Site #3] [Site #4] The Twilight Zone The DataExchange BBS John Hrusovszky Don Morris 1119 E. Main St 119 Herring St. Auburndale, WI 54412 Leesville, LA 71446 BBS Phone: 715-652-2758 BBS Phone: 318-239-2122 BBS Software: RBBS BBS Software: UltraBBS Zone 4 - West Coast USA Zone 5 - Canada [Site #5] [Site #6] Space BBS Knightec BBS Owen Hawkins Phil Knight PO Box X 35 Robb Blvd #6 Menlo Park, CA 94026 Orangeville, ONT L9W 3L1 BBS Phone: 415-323-4398 (ASP Files) BBS Phone: 519-940-0007 BBS Software: PCBoard BBS Software: PCBoard These BBSs are bound by special agreement with the ASP. In the case of a dispute contact the ASP Ombudsman. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page 28-5 28.4 A.S.P. Ombudsman This program is produced by John Scofield, a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442-9427 USA, FAX 616-788-2765 or send a Compuserve message via Compuserve Mail to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536 EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page A-1 Appendix A Command Reference (Keys: Shiftless and Otherwise) When a command applies only in a mode other than EDIT, the mode is indicated in parentheses after the command description. If there is no mode indicated, EDIT mode is assumed. Some keys have different meanings, depending on the current mode and/or the type of line the cursor is on. Although I have tried to minimize this, there just aren't enough separate keys to go around for all of EDDY's features; in line with the intention to minimize keystrokes required to get the job done, I have reluctantly chosen this approach as the lesser evil. Accordingly, the entries below to which this applies are indicated by the phrase "Depends on context". I. Function Keys [F1] HELP [Alt+F1] Display pull-down menus [Shift+F1] Shortcut to keyword search in HELP screens [F2] UNDO [^F2] UNDO on all files [F3] LOOK at file, directory, disk or RAM [^F3] LOOK at all files [Alt+F3] LOOK at file in target directory [Shift+F3] Depends on context: - EDIT (cursor on file or directory)... ...compare directory entries in work and target - EDIT (cursor on "DIR of" or "." line)... ...compare snapshot file to current working directory [Shift+^F3] Compare all files' directory entries in work and target [Alt+Shift+F3] Compare current file's contents in work and target [F4] PATCH file, disk or RAM [F5] Depends on context: - EDIT...tag file or directory for COPY - LOOK...COPY marked area [^F5] Tag all files for COPY [Alt+F5] COPY unmarked area (LOOK) [Shift+F5] Depends on context: - EDIT (cursor on "Drive" line)... ...copy entire disk to file (disk-image copy) - EDIT (cursor on file)... ...copy image file to disk (disk-image restore) - EDIT (cursor on "DIR of" or "." line)... ...take snapshot of working directory EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page A-2 [F6] Tag file or directory for MOVE [^F6] Tag all files for MOVE [Alt+F6] Shuffle directory entries [F7] Tag file or directory for DELETE (see also [Shift+F7]) [^F7] Tag all files for DELETE [Alt+F7] Logical DELETE (Ignore) - current file [Alt+^F7] Logical DELETE (Ignore) - all files [Shift+F7] Tag file for DESTROY (overwrite file, then delete) [Shift+^F7] Tag all files for DESTROY [F8] Execute default point-n-shoot command [^F8] Execute default point-n-shoot command on all files [Shift+F8] Execute default point-n-shoot command [Shift+^F8] Execute default point-n-shoot command on all files [F9] DOS gateway [Alt+F9] Execute COM, EXE or BAT file [Shift+F9] Execute command defined in EDDY.USE on current file [Shift+^F9] Execute command defined in EDDY.USE on all files [F10] Depends on context: - if "directory recall" set, QUIT to chosen directory - if not set, QUIT to original DOS default directory [^F10] Same as [F10]; if EGA/VGA, lines per screen unchanged [Alt+F10] QUIT, set new DOS default = working directory [Shift+F10] Set directory recall [Shift+^F10] Recall directory II. Letters [Alt+a] Depends on context: - EDIT...set ATTRIBUTE filter - PATCH...truncate file AFTER cursor [^a] ATTRIBUTE filtering, with subdir include option [b] Toggle BIT-stripping state (LOOK) [Alt+b] Depends on context: - EDIT...copy with bit-stripping - LOOK...(at file) toggle bit-stripping default state (at disk) display "bad spot" as marked in FAT - PATCH...truncate file BEFORE cursor [^c] Cancel repeating command [Alt+c] Set Synchronization CONTROLs [d] Move ruler DOWN (LOOK) [Alt+d] Depends on context: - EDIT...sort by file DATE/time - LOOK...(at disk) display DIRECTORY entry [Alt+Shift+d] Sort permanently by file DATE/time EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page A-3 [e] EGA/VGA lines-per-screen toggle (LOOK) [Alt+e] Sort by file EXTENSION [Alt+Shift+e] Sort permanently by file EXTENSION [f] Repeat previous FIND (LOOK) [^f] FIND string in all files [Alt+f] FIND string in file (EDIT/LOOK/FIND) [Alt+g] Assign GLOBAL match character (FIND) [Alt+h] Sort by file time (HOUR/minute) [Alt+Shift+h] Sort permanently by file time [Alt+i] INVERT display sequence [Alt+Shift+i] INVERT permanently [j] Depends on context: - LOOK (at file, text) JUMP to line # - LOOK (at file, hex) JUMP to file offset - LOOK (at disk) JUMP to disk sector [Alt+j] JUMP to disk cluster (LOOK at disk) [Alt+k] Depends on context: - FIND...set "don't match" byte in search string - EDIT...show name for next key pressed [l] Toggle LINE-wrapping state (LOOK) [Alt+l] Depends on context: - EDIT...build list file - LOOK...toggle line-wrapping default state [m] MARK area to be copied (LOOK) [Alt+m] Depends on context: - EDIT...change command used for primary mouse key - LOOK...jump to marked area [Alt+Shift+m] Adjust mouse sensitivity [n] Depends on context: - cursor in filename/ext field: use as part of name - cursor in attributes field: set file attribute OFF... ...and move right (if on Archive, no move) [^n] Turn attribute (column under cursor) ON for all files [Alt+n] Depends on context: - EDIT...sort by file NAME - LOOK (at disk)...jump to NEXT cluster in chain [Alt+Shift+n] Sort permanently by file NAME [Alt+o] Depends on context: - EDIT...OPTION settings - LOOK (at disk)...find "owner" of sector/cluster EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page A-4 [p] Make hex display PRINTABLE (LOOK) [^p] same as [Alt+p], except printer output goes to file [Alt+p] Depends on context: - EDIT...PRINT directory - LOOK...PRINT file contents - UPDATE...PRINT changes as they are made [^q] TIMESTAMP filtering, with subdir include option [Alt+q] Set timestamp filter [r] RULER line display (LOOK) [Alt+r] Depends on context: - LOOK...toggle REPLACE state - EDIT (when customizing)...RAINBOW (color) selection [s] Toggle LOOK Mode action for [up]/[down] between... ...normal scrolling (1 line per keypress) and... ...speed scrolling (half screen per keypress) [Alt+s] Depends on context: - EDIT...sort by file SIZE - LOOK (at disk)...jump to STARTING cluster [Alt+Shift+s] Sort permanently by file SIZE [Alt+t] Depends on context: - EDIT...TARGET directory inquiry/change using tree or box - LOOK (at disk)...display TARGET directory cluster [Alt+Shift+t] TARGET directory inquiry/change using dialog box [u] Move ruler UP (LOOK) [Alt+u] Depends on context: - EDIT...leave display UNSORTED... - LOOK (at disk)...display next UNALLOCATED cluster [^v] VOLUME serial number display/update [Alt+v] VOLUME label add or change [Alt+Shift+v] VOLUME label delete [w] Toggle display between byte/word format (LOOK) [W] Toggle display between word and... ...inverted word format (LOOK) [^w] "Where's That File?" [Alt+w] Depends on context: - EDIT...WORKING directory change using tree or box - LOOK (at disk)...display WORKING directory cluster [Alt+Shift+w] WORKING directory change using dialog box [Alt+x] eXCHANGE working and target directories EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page A-5 [y] Depends on context: - cursor in filename/ext field: use as part of name - cursor in attributes field: set file attribute ON... ...and move right (if on Archive, no move) [^y] Turn attribute (column under cursor) ON for all files [Alt+y] Delete bytes from beginning or end of file (PATCH) [Alt+z] Depends on context: - EDIT/UPDATE...view registration info - PATCH...append ^Z to file [^letter] From tree display or directory dialog box: ...select drive indicated III. Numbers [0] After [#] or [Alt+#]...TABs are deleted during copy [1] - [8] After [#] or [Alt+#]... TABs expand to next "n"-byte boundary during copy [Alt+0] Send formfeed to printer [Alt+1] Send linefeed to printer [Alt+3] Same as [Alt+#], described below [Alt+9] Send command from EDDY.USE to printer IV. Miscellaneous Keys [Tab] Depends on context: - EDIT...toggle attributes display style - LOOK...toggle display between hex/text - PATCH/FIND...toggle data entry mode between hex/text [Shift+Tab] Depends on context: - EDIT...toggle "bytes wasted" calculation basis - LOOK/PATCH/FIND...set new key for hex/text toggle [Ins] Enable file renaming for current file only [*] Toggle file exclusion state [\] Select drive from list of valid drives (EDIT/TREE) [.] Depends on context: - cursor on filename: move cursor to extension - cursor NOT on filename: move cursor to start of filename - working directory dialog box: ...set file specification to "*.*" EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page A-6 [:] Move cursor to "hour" field [+] Depends on context: - cursor in attributes field: set file attribute ON... ...and move down 1 line - cursor in other field: move to attributes field [=] Depends on context: - if [Alt+=] previously used: ...set file date/time to frozen timestamp - if no [Alt+=]: set date/time to current DOS date/time [Alt+=] Freeze timestamp at date/time of current file [-] Depends on context: - cursor in filename/ext field: use as part of name - cursor in attributes field: set file attribute OFF... ...and move down 1 line - cursor in other field: move to attributes field [Alt+-] Unfreeze timestamp frozen by preceding [Alt+=] [/] Depends on context: - EDIT...Move cursor to "month" field - FIND...Find next occurrence of search argument [#] Choose tab expansion interval for current file (LOOK) [Alt+#] Depends on context: - EDIT...tag for copy, with tab expansion (or deletion) - LOOK...choose tab expansion interval for all files [right bracket] i.e., "]" -- TAB right (EDIT/LOOK) [left bracket] i.e., "[" -- TAB left (EDIT/LOOK) [BackSpace] Interrupt repeating command [ScrollLock] Interrupt processing temporarily. Resume when... ...[ScrollLock] is released. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page B-1 Appendix B What Does That Message Mean? The purpose of this Appendix is to explain some of EDDY's error and status messages which may not be completely self-explanatory or clear from their context. Messages are listed alphabetically. When these messages are displayed on the screen, they are followed by a reminder that more information about why the message appeared and what, if anything, you should do about it, may be found in this Appendix. If you find some other messages EDDY produces that need clarification, please let me know, and I'll include them in the next update. ------------------------------ Can't adjust sensitivity An error has been returned by the mouse driver. Probable cause is a non-Microsoft compatible mouse being used. Can't find Command Interpreter After searching the DOS environment, EDDY has either failed to locate the "COMSPEC" variable, which specifies where to find the command interpreter (usually COMMAND.COM), or has looked for the interpreter where COMSPEC said it was, but didn't find it there. You won't be able to do any DOS Gateway or Point-n-Shoot operations, but other EDDY commands will work correctly. When you quit EDDY, though, you'll have a problem when DOS can't find COMMAND.COM either. Can't patch this file You have pressed [F4], but EDDY cannot get "write" access to the file. This is not just a read-only file; in that case, EDDY would ask first, and then remove the read-only status so that patching could proceed. This may occur on a network, if the file is part of a non-DOS file system, such as UNIX, and you don't have permission for write access. Can't proceed. EDDY.AUX problem Much of EDDY's functionality is stored in the EDDY.AUX file, as a set of overlays. If this file can't be located, can't be read, is found to be corrupt, or is a different version than EDDY.COM, there really isn't much useful that EDDY can do. Once you see this message, EDDY will terminate as soon as a key is pressed. Can't restore from swapfile You have just returned to EDDY after using the DOS Gateway, and an error was encountered in trying to restore the data that was stored there to make more memory available for Gateway processes. Without restoring this data (and the corresponding memory allocations), EDDY cannot proceed reliably. Therefore, the program terminates. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page B-2 Directory is part of target path You can't move a directory to its "child", nor to any directory subordinate to it. E.g., you can't move C:\UTIL to C:\UTIL\MISC; you could, however, move C:\UTIL\MISC to C:\ if you wished. Directory recall set You have pressed [Shift+F10], selecting the current working directory for possible "recall". If you later press [Shift+^F10], this directory will again become the working directory. If you press [F10] or [^F10], you will quit EDDY with this directory as the DOS default. DOS version problem This message appears if you execute EDDY under a DOS version earlier than 2.0, or if you try to rename a subdirectory or sort/shuffle and rewrite a directory but are using a level of DOS earlier than 3.0. File not found. [Ins] to rename. You probably pressed a key by mistake, causing EDDY to go into speed- search mode for a matching filename that wasn't there. If what you really wanted to do was rename the file, either press [Ins] to turn on renaming for that file, or set Option /F ON for all files. Memory corrupted! When EDDY temporarily gives up control to DOS for Gateway or Point-n- Shoot functions, a checksum of EDDY's memory area is computed and recorded. It is computed again when EDDY regains control. If there's a difference, some process that has been executed outside of EDDY has written to memory that belongs to EDDY. EDDY terminates immediately, without attempting to restore any paths, colors, fonts, etc. No target. Delete all (y/n)? You have set the Synchronization Controls to specify that the files in the target are to be compared with those in the working directory, and the result used to determine which files will be tagged for DELETE. But there is currently no target directory. Not enough memory This may appear when trying to use the DOS Gateway or Point-n-Shoot functions, and there is not enough memory to load the requested program. It may also occur if EDDY returns from executing one of these functions, and finds that there is not enough memory available to continue (and so EDDY terminates). You might also see this message when you try to rewrite a sorted directory to disk. It means there isn't enough room in memory for all of the directory entries plus workspace for the sort process EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page B-3 Not enough room in root directory Unlike subdirectories, the root has a maximum no. of entries that can be contained in it. This no. is set by the FORMAT process. If the disk has a label, that uses one entry. If you copy/move files to the root, and files with those names are not already in the root (shown by "COPY+" or "MOVE+"), a new directory entry is needed for each one. If there are not enough entries available, you'll get this message. Not supported for this disk There are several conditions that can produce this message: 1. The disk is larger than 32 MB, and the version of DOS being used can't handle it. 2. The "disk" is actually a compressed volume (DoubleSpace, Stacker, etc.), and the requested operation -- such as directory sorting -- could corrupt the internal control structures. 3. The disk is a remote drive, accessed on a network, and you are attempting some low-level operation, such as sector patching. 4. EDDY has received conflicting data regarding the disk format. The program always cross-checks this data by calling combinations of BIOS and DOS functions, so that all critical data is treated to a "second opinion". If there is disagreement, no low-level access will be attempted by EDDY. Path name too long This one can really be puzzling (some users have reported it as a bug). When you have a path with a long chain of subdirectories, EDDY may refuse to move to a directory, giving this message. It means DOS can't get to the directory, even though it's there. This can happen if you rename a directory with a longer name, and the resulting path is longer than 64 bytes. It can be even more obscure if you are using a SUBST'ed disk, so that the path doesn't look too long; however, DOS uses the total effective length, after expanding the SUBST path. Press key for primary mouse button EDDY is waiting for you to select -- by pressing -- a key to define the command to be executed whenever you subsequently press the primary (normally, the left) mouse button. Same disk You have tried to copy, or prepare to copy, an entire disk, plus format information added by EDDY, to a file on that same disk -- 5 quarts won't fit in a gallon jug. Size shown in directory incorrect Probable cross-linked file. Refer to Section 23.4.2 of this document. Timestamp frozen / Timestamp unfrozen When the timestamp is frozen, it will remain set to the same value, and that value will be used whenever [=] is pressed. When it's unfrozen (or has never been frozen), the current DOS date and time will be used when [=] is pressed. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page B-4 Unable to complete directory move Refer to Section 12.4.2 of this document Unable to complete directory rewrite Refer to Section 22.4 of this document Unsure if files open. Sorting not attempted Refer to Section 22.1 of this document WARNING! Memory allocation changed When EDDY temporarily gives up control to DOS for Gateway or Point-n- Shoot functions, the amount of free memory is recorded. If the same amount of memory is not available when EDDY regains control, you've most likely run some program which has TSR'd (terminated and stayed resident). Even if your system doesn't "hang", this will probably cause trouble when you finally quit, as there will be "holes" (small, often unusable blocks of memory) that can only be eliminated by rebooting. If you can remove the TSR program by using the DOS Gateway, you should do so to avoid problems later. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page C-1 Appendix C Printer Setup Commands Printer setup commands may be included at the end of your EDDY.USE file. At the end of EDDY.USE, there is a section where printer control strings may be defined for your printer. This area starts with a line beginning with "[printer]" (without the quotes). If you are going to use printer control strings in EDDY.USE, this line MUST be present. It tells EDDY where Point-n-Shoot commands (see Section 14.2.3) end and the printer setup commands begin. Each setup command is entered in EDDY.USE as a single line, representing a control string that may be sent to the printer whenever you wish (from EDIT or LOOK modes). Some examples of typical control strings: ESC,':' ; Set 12 cpi pitch for Canon BubbleJet ESC,'X',8,96 ; Set horizontal margins 8-96 for Canon BubbleJet DC2,SI ; Set 17 cpi for IBM ProPrinter ESC,'&k4s' ; Set 12 cpi for HP LaserJet ESC,'&k2s' ; Set 17 cpi for HP LaserJet Printer control strings are created according to the following rules: 1. The standard ANSI names for the characters from 0 thru 32 are recognized; e.g., NUL, CR, SO, DC2, ESC, SP, etc. These names should not be enclosed in quotes. 2. Unquoted numbers are decimal, and must be in the range 0-255. 3. Decimal numbers may be used instead of ANSI names or quoted characters, if you prefer. 4. Strings are terminated by a space or semi-colon which is not enclosed in quotes. 5. To include a space, comma or semi-colon as part of a command string, enclose them in single quotes; i.e., ' ', ',' or ';'. 6. Strings surrounded by single quotes are used as-is. To include a single quote as part of a command string, use two single quotes in a row within a quoted string. For example, 'ab''cd' is interpreted as a string containing the following 5 bytes: ab'cd. If the single quote is the ONLY character in a quoted string, use '''' -- that's two consecutive single quotes within a quoted, one-byte string. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page D-1 Appendix D Mouse Problems (Technical Note) Over the years, a number of users have reported major problems in trying to use their mice with EDDY. The movement would be erratic, if not random, and in some cases the mouse would either refuse to move, or move very slowly and refuse to respond to changing the sensitivity with EDDY (using the [Alt+Shift+m] command). Most users, on the other hand, have no such problems. Until recently, I have never been able to reproduce this behavior, and thus haven't been very effective in getting it fixed. At last I have encountered the problems myself, and have been able to do some investigation. When running Windows 3.1, and executing EDDY in a DOS box or from the icon, using PC-DOS 6.3 on an IBM ThinkPad, the mouse (actually, the little pointer in the middle of the keyboard) misbehaves terribly! Running without Windows, everything works fine. To get a mouse to work at all in the Windows DOS box, it is known to be necessary to include a command to load the mouse driver from either AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS, before starting Windows. This is independent of the mouse driver used by Windows. It also has nothing to do with EDDY; any DOS program that uses a mouse has the same requirement for a DOS-based driver. I used the Microsoft MOUSE.COM driver, version 9.01, that came with PC-DOS. (This driver is 93,086 bytes, dated 12/31/93). When I traced out the activity with my debugger, I found that the values returned from mouse (interrupt 33 hex) function call number 11 -- "Read Mouse Motion Counters" -- were VERY erratic; sometimes reporting correct movement, but more often not. After much experimentation, I began to suspect that I had a problem that wasn't entirely EDDY's, but was somehow related to the hardware/software platform I was running on. So, I tried using the Logitech mouse driver, MOUSE.COM version 6.23, from another system (40,596 bytes, dated 03/10/93). Suddenly, everything worked OK! Apparently I'm one of the last people in the world to learn about this problem! A couple of weeks after I found out the hard way, I came across the book "Windows 3.1 Power Tools", by Geoffrey and William LeBlond. This book, published by Bantam Books in 1992, devotes some six pages (!) to a discussion of this and similar situations. EDDY v.8b User's Manual Copyright(C) 1987-95 by John Scofield page D-2 I HOPE this explains most, if not all, of the problems reported to me. Of course, there's really no way to know, unless you share your experiences with me. There are probably other hardware/software combinations which produce similar problems with EDDY, and there are certainly lots of others which run without a hitch. I would especially appreciate any feedback from users experiencing trouble in other situations, and I would also like to hear from any users who find that a similar change of mouse drivers resolves their problems. EDDY Registration Form Date ____________ John Scofield 117 West Harrison Bldg. 6th floor, Dept. S-678 Chicago, IL 60605 Dear John: Please register me as another happy user of EDDY. Here's my $25.00. I have version _8b_ of EDDY, which I got from _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________ . (If you would give me some information about your system, it might help with trouble-shooting later on; also, I'm curious about what kind of hardware EDDY has worked successfully with. Thank you.) I use a _____________________ PC, along with a ______________ monitor and a _____________________ video adapter. I have ______K bytes of regular memory in my system. I use MS-DOS/PC-DOS, level _____. My system also has (please check any that apply)... __ _____MB Hard disk, (brand/model ____________________________) __ 5-1/4", 360 KB floppy drive __ 5-1/4", 1.2 MB floppy drive __ 3-1/2", 720 KB floppy drive __ 3-1/2", 1.4 MB floppy drive __ A __-button mouse (brand, model _________________) __ A monitor bigger than 25x80. Mine has ___ lines & ___ columns __ Other: ______________________________________________________ Yours truly, ____________________________ (name) ____________________________ (address) ____________________________ ____________________________ If you need a receipt, please ____________________________ (phone no.) check here: ___ P.S. I have the following comments or suggestions for EDDY: P.P.S. I'd like to see updates to EDDY posted to ___________________ BBS, if possible. Its phone number is: ( )________________.