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2.9 Editor and Edit help menu SymbMath includes a multi-windowed text editor for creating and modifying program files. Usage of the editor is similar to WordStar in nondocument mode, to Borland's SideKick, or to Borland's C compiler. You can execute the edit commands either by selecting the edit commands in the Edit Help menu or by keystrokes. 2.9.1 Edit Help Menu Open the Edit Help menu by pressing <F1> within the Input window, the Aux Edit window, or the Help window. This menu has 11 choices: --------------------------- | Show help file | | Cursor movement | | Insert & Delete | | Searching | | Block functions | | Special block functions | | File functions | | Application keys | | Miscellaneous | | Global functions | | Hot keys | --------------------------- Except for the first choice of the "Show help file", others have their own sub-menu. You can select the edit command in the sub-menu by the up or down key and <Enter>. 2.9.1.1 Show Help File This command opens a help window to show a help file. 2.9.1.2 Cursor movement commands This command opens a menu for cursor movement commands. The functionality of most of the cursor-movement commands is straight- forward. In this section, only the "non-obvious" commands will be explained. Scroll Up The text scrolls one line up. The cursor will be at same physical line on the computer-screen. Scroll Down The text scrolls one line down. The cursor will be at the same physical line on the computer-screen. Previous Position Moves the cursor to its position just prior to the last command. For instance, if you inadvertently press Goto Texrstart, moving your cursor to the top of the file, you can press Previous Position to get back to where you were. Goto Line Moves the cursor to the line number you specify. Goto Position The position is the number of characters from the textstart. Newlines and tabs ars both counted as one character. Goto Blockstart Moves the cursor to the block-begin marker that you already have set with Mark blockstart. The command works even if the block is not displayed (see "Hide/display block" under "Block Commands"), or if the block-end marker is not set. Goto Blockend Moves the cursor to the block-end marker that you have alread set with Mark Blockend. The command works even if the block is not displayed (see "Hide/desplay block") or the block-begin marker is not set. 2.9.1.3 Insert and delete commands To write a program, you need to know more than just how to move the cursor around. You also need to be able to insert and delete text. The following commands insert and delete characters, words, and lines. You can also insert blocks of text from other files-- refer to "The Auxiliary Editor" later in this chapter. Insert line Inserts a line break at the cursor position. Backspace - delete character left of cursor Moves one character to the left and deletes the character positioned there. Any characters to the right of the cursor move one position to the left. You can use this command to remove line breaks. Delete character under cursor Deletes the character under the cursor and moves any characters to the right of cursor one position to the left. This command works across line breaks, and can be used to remove them. Delete word right of cursor Deletes the word to the right of the cursor. A word is defined as a sequence of characters delimited by one of the following characters: space < > , ; . ( ) [ ] ^ ' * + - / $ This command does not work across line breaks. To undo a delete word press Paste. Delete from cursor to start of line Deletes all text from the cursor position to the beginning of the line. To undo this command press Paste. Delete from cursor to end of line Seletes all text from the cursor position to the end of the line. To undo theis command press Paste. Delete line Deletes the line cuontaining the cursor and moves any lines below one line up. To undo a line delete, use Paste. 2.9.1.4 Search and replace Commands The editor supports search and replace commands that let you search for strings in the tect and replace them with other strings. Replacement can optionally be prompted (ask yes/no at each replacement). Search Lets you search for a string of up to 45 characters. When you enter this command, the status line is cleared, and the prompt search text, text: appears at the bottom of the Edit window. Enter the string you are looking for and then press Search again. The search string can contain any characters, including control chatacters. To quit the search operation, use the abort command <Esc>. Search again Moves the cursor to the next occurrence of the last used search-string. Replace This operation works identically to the Find command, except that you can replace the "found" string with any other string of up to 45 characters. First, enter the search string and press Replace, the editor prompts you for the string that will replace the search string. Enter up to 45 characters, press Replace again. The next prompt (prompt before replacing (y/n)) can be answered Yes or No: y means you decide whether an occurrence of the string will be replaced, while n means the editor will replace it automatically. When the editor finds the items--and of the N option is not specified--it then positions the cursor at the start of the item, and asks Replace Yes/ No/Rest (y/n/r)? in the prompt line. You can abort the Find/Replace operation at this point with the Abort command <Esc>. Press the Y-key and the word at the cursor will be replaced with the replace-string, and the cursor moves to the next occurrence of the search string. Press the R-key and this and all subsequent of the search-string on replaced automatically. Replace again Finds the next occurrence of the last used search string and pompts for replacement with the last used replace-string. Wordstar Search and Replace commends These four commands is almost identical to the four descrobed above. The only difference is that the user input is terminated with cr and not the command-keystroke. This means that it's not possible to search for newlines. 2.9.1.5 Block Commands A block of text is any amount of text, from a single character to hundreds of lines, that has beed surrounded with special block-marker characters. You can only mark one block in a source text at a time. Three diffenrent kinds of block-marking commands can be used in the editor, and the commands are: WordStar-like block commands, MultiMate-like block commands (The block commands introduced in version 1.x of the SymbMath editor - ofter referred to as the "old" block commands) and Sprint-like block commands. The overall concept for each of the three command- categories can be summarised as follows: Sprint like commands Place the cursor at the beginning at the block - press Block select. Now move the cursor to the bockend (the block will be highlighted as you go). When at the blockend, select a function to be performed of the block. The block can be either moved or copied to the paste buffer. Later the content of the paste buffer can be pasted into the text with the Paste command. Wordstar like commands You mark a block by placing a block-begin marker before the first character and a block-end marker after the last character of the desired portion of text. Once the block is marked, you can copy, move, or delete it, or write it to a file. Multimate like commands These commands works on the principle that you use the same key to begin and end a given operation. To abort any block command before it's completed (when it's waiting for input), just press Esc. For instance, to copy a block using the block commands, you press MultiMate copy to start the process (mark the block begin), use the arrow keys to highlight the block, then press MultiMate copy again to mark the block end. After that, you move the cursor to the position where the copy. If you want to insert multiple copies of the marked block, you simply move the cursor with arrow keys to the new location(s), then press Paste. Block select When pressing the Block select command, you enter block markingg mode. The block will be highlighted as you move (ahead or back from the starting position). In block marking mode, no characters can be inserted. Pressing a character key causes the cursor to move to the next occurrence of that character, Quit block marking mode by pressing <Esc> of Block select again. Copy block to paste buffer The currently marked block is copied to the paste beffer. The command terminates block marking mode, and the previous content of the paste buffer are overwritten. Move block to paste buffer The currently marked block is deleted from the text and moved to the paste buffer. the command terminate blick marking mode, and the previous contents of the paste buffer are oberwritten. Paste The contents of the paste buffer are inserted in the text at the current cursor podition. The paste buffer itself is not affected by the command. Mark blockstart Marks the beginning of a block. The marker itself is not visible, and the block itself only becomes visible when the block-end marker is set. Marked text a block is displayed with a different attribute than the unmarked text (you can choose the attribute for unmarked text with the menu item Setup/ Colors/ Edit /Window /Normal Text). Mark blockend Marks the end of a block. The marker itself is invisible, and the block itself becomes visible only when the block-begin marker is also set. Pressing Mark blockend in block marking mode exit this mode. The block is still highlighted. WordStar show/hide block Causes the visual marking of a block to be alternately switched off and on. The block manipulation commands copy, move, delete, and write to a file work only when the block is displayed. Block-related cursor movements jump to beginning/end of block works both when the block is hidden and displayed. WordStar copy block Copies the currently marked block to the paste buffer and then pastes the contents of the paste buffer at the current cursor position. MultiMate copy block Press MultiMate copy block to start the process mark the block begin, use the arrow keys to highlight the block, then press MultiMate copy block again to mark the block end. After that, you move the cursor to the position where the copy is to be insertted, then press MultiMate copy block once more to insert the copy. If you want to insert multiplw copies of the marked block, you simply move the cursor with arrow keys to the new locations, then press Paste. MultiMate move block Press MultiMate move block to start the process mark the block beginning, use the arrow keys to highlight the block, then press MultiMate move block again to mark the block end. After that, you press MultiMate move block once more to move the block. MultiMate delete block Press MultiMate delete block to start the process mark the block beginning, use the arrow keys to highlight the block, then press Multimate delete block again to delete the block. 2.9.1.6 Special block commands Copy block to printer Writes previously marked block to the printer. The block is left unchanged in the current file, and the markers remain in place. If no block is marked, nothing happens. Copy block to file Writes a previously marked block to a file. the block is left unchanged in the current file, and the markers remain in place. If no block is marked, nothing happens. Change case for block Copy block from file 2.9.1.10 Global Commands Resize window Move the window to a new position by holding down the <Shift> key and pressing the appropriate arrow key in the numeric keypad without Caps Lock. Change the size of a window by the arrow keys. Zoom window Previous line File mask Press this cooamd when the filename browser in the file-name input box is active. You can then enter the file-mask (e.g. *.sm). 2.9.2 Edit Commands Within the Input window, press <F8> to open another window, called the Aux Edit window. In the Auxi Edit window, press <F8> again to open another Aux Edit window. So you can open many the Aux Edit windows to edit many files. Text in the Input window always be saved after exit by pressing <Esc>. The Aux Edit window is closed with saving by pressing <F10>, or without saving by pressing <Esc>. In the Input window or the Aux Edit window, press <F1> to pop- up the Edit Help menu (see 2.9.1 Edit Help Menu), or <Shift><F1> to see the manual, and <F7> to copy block from the an Aux Edit window into the main editor or into the last Aux Edit window. Move the cursor around in the editor with the arrow keys, <Page Up>, <Page Down>, and some other keys listed below. The editor has two typing modes: Insert and Overwrite. In Insert mode, anything you type is inserted at the cursor position. In Overwrite mode, pressing a key replaces the current character at the cursor position with the new typed character. Initially, the editor operates in Insert mode, to switch modes, press the <Insert> key or <Ctrl>V. (<Ctrl>V means to hold down the <Ctrl> key on your keyboard while you press V. The V need not be in upper case.) Unlike a more standard word processing program, the editor does not have word-wrap. You must press <Enter> at the end of each line. The editor has an autoindent feature that allows subsequent lines to automatically indent. If you leave several spaces at the start of a line, use <Ctrl>OI to indent subsequent lines the same amount. The command sequence is a toggle, so you need only press <Ctrl>OI again to stop indenting. Sometimes you may want to see more than the area covered by the current window. You can zoom the window, expanding it to the size of the entire screen, by pressing <F5>. To return the window to its usual size, press <F5> again. For other window commands, such as moving and resizing a window, see the window command table, below. The editor uses approximately 70 commands, which can be grouped into 6 main categories: 1. cursor movement commands 2. insert and delete commands 3. search and replace commands 4. file commands 5. block commands 6. miscellaneous commands Table 2.9.1 Editor commands. --------------------------------------------------------------- Cursor Movement Commands (move cursor to): ....................................................... Character left <Ctrl>S or Left arrow <- Character right <Ctrl>D or Right arrow -> Word left <Ctrl>A or <Ctrl> <- Word right <Ctrl>F or <Ctrl> -> Line up <Ctrl>E or Up arrow Line down <Ctrl>X or Down arrow Scroll up <Ctrl>W Scroll down <Ctrl>Z Page up <Ctrl>R or <Pg Up> Page down <Ctrl>C or <Pg Dn> Beginning of line <Ctrl>QS or <Home> End of line <Ctrl>QD or <End> Top of screen <Ctrl>QE or <Ctrl><Home> Bottom of screen <Ctrl>QX or <Ctrl><End> Top of file <Ctrl>QR or <Ctrl><Pg Up> Bottom of file <Ctrl>QC or <Ctrl><Pg Dn> Beginning of block <Ctrl>QB End of block <Ctrl>QK Previous point <Ctrl>QP Marker 0 <Ctrl>Q0 Marker 1 <Ctrl>Q1 Marker 2 <Ctrl>Q2 Marker 3 <Ctrl>Q3 Set marker 0 <Ctrl>K0 Set marker 1 <Ctrl>K1 Set marker 2 <Ctrl>K2 Set marker 3 <Ctrl>K3 ........................................................... Insert & Delete Commands: ........................................................... Insert mode on/off <Ctrl>V or <Ins> Insert line <Ctrl>N Delete line <Ctrl>Y Delete to end of line <Ctrl>QY Delete left character <Ctrl>H or <Backspace> Delete character under cursor <Ctrl>G or <Del> Delete right word <Ctrl>T ........................................................... Block commands: ............................................................ Block selec <Ctrl>KM Copy block to pastebuffer <Ctrl>KI Move block to pastebuffer <Ctrl>KY Paste <Ctrl>U or <Ctrl><F7> Mark block begin <Ctrl>KB Mark block end <Ctrl>KK Mark word <Ctrl>KT WordStar show/hide block <Ctrl>KH WoardStar copy block <Ctrl>KC or <Ctrl><F5> Repeat the last copy <Shift><F5> WordStar move block <Ctrl>KV or <Alt><F6> MultiMate copy block <Ctrl><F5> MultiMate move block <Alt><F6> MultiMate delete block <Alt><F7> Delete block <Ctrl>KY Read block <Ctrl>KR or <F7> ..................................................................... Special Block functions .................................................................... Copy block to printer <Ctrl>KP or <Alt><F8> Copy block to file <Ctrl>KW or <Alt><F5> Copy block from file <Ctrl>KR or <F7> Change case for block <Ctrl>KE or <Ctrl><F6> ..................................................................... Miscellaneous Commands: ..................................................................... Quit edit <Esc>, <F10>, <Ctrl>KD, or <Ctrl>KQ Call the auxiliary editor <F8> Tab <Ctrl>I or <Tab> Tab mode toggle <Ctrl>OT Auto indent on/off <Ctrl>OI Restore line <Ctrl>QL Find <Ctrl>QF or <Ctrl><F3> Repeat last find <Ctrl>L or <Shift><F3> Find & replace <Ctrl>QA or <Ctrl><F4> Repeat last find & replace <Ctrl>L or <Shift><F4> Control key prefix <Ctrl>P Abort operation <Ctrl>U Restore error message <Ctrl>QW Search Options: L Local search G Global search N Replace without asking Y Replace with asking ................................................................... Global Commands ................................................................... Resize window <Shift><F10> Zoom window <F5> Previous line <F8> File mask <F4> Terminate input <F10> ------------------------------------------------------------------ Table 2.9.2 Edit window commands --------------------------------------------------------------------- Action Key help <F1> zoom in window <F5> zoom out window <F5> resize window <Shift><F10>, the -><- keys, <F10> move window <Shift><F10>, <Shift> and the arrow key in numeric keypad without Caps Lock open an Aux Edit window <F8> close the Aux Edit window with saving <F10> close the Aux Edit window without saving <Esc> block copy from an Aux Edit window <F7> --------------------------------------------------------------------- The content of the status line -------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1 Help, F2 Save, F3 Open, F4 Replace, F5 Zoom, F7 XCopy, F8 XEdit, F10 End -------------------------------------------------------------------------- indicates that to press <F1> key to get help.