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- Network Working Group C. Partridge
- Request for Comments: 2711 BBN
- Category: Standards Track A. Jackson
- BBN
- October 1999
-
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- IPv6 Router Alert Option
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
-
- Abstract
-
- This memo describes a new IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option type that alerts
- transit routers to more closely examine the contents of an IP
- datagram. This option is useful for situations where a datagram
- addressed to a particular destination contains information that may
- require special processing by routers along the path.
-
- 1.0 Introduction
-
- New protocols, such as RSVP, use control datagrams which, while
- addressed to a particular destination, contain information that needs
- to be examined, and in some case updated, by routers along the path
- between the source and destination. It is desirable to forward
- regular datagrams as rapidly as possible, while ensuring that the
- router processes these special control datagrams appropriately.
- Currently, however, the only way for a router to determine if it
- needs to examine a datagram is to at least partially parse upper
- layer data in all datagrams. This parsing is expensive and slow.
- This situation is undesirable.
-
- This document defines a new option within the IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Header.
- The presence of this option in an IPv6 datagram informs the router
- that the contents of this datagram is of interest to the router and
- to handle any control data accordingly. The absence of this option
- in an IPv6 datagram informs the router that the datagram does not
- contain information needed by the router and hence can be safely
-
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- Partridge & Jackson Standards Track [Page 1]
-
- RFC 2711 IPv6 Router Alert Option October 1999
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- routed without further datagram parsing. Hosts originating IPv6
- datagrams are required to include this option in certain
- circumstances.
-
- The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
- "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
- document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC-2119].
-
- 2.0 Approach
-
- The goal is to provide an efficient mechanism whereby routers can
- know when to intercept datagrams not addressed to them without having
- to extensively examine every datagram. The described solution is to
- define a new IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Header option having the semantic
- "routers should examine this datagram more closely" and require
- protocols such as RSVP to use this option. This approach incurs
- little or no performance penalty on the forwarding of normal
- datagrams. Not including this option tells the router that there is
- no need to closely examine the contents of the datagram.
-
- 2.1 Syntax
-
- The router alert option has the following format:
-
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- |0 0 0|0 0 1 0 1|0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0| Value (2 octets) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- length = 2
-
- The first three bits of the first byte are zero and the value 5 in
- the remaining five bits is the Hop-by-Hop Option Type number.
- [RFC-2460] specifies the meaning of the first three bits. By
- zeroing all three, this specification requires that nodes not
- recognizing this option type should skip over this option and
- continue processing the header and that the option must not change
- en route.
-
- There MUST only be one option of this type, regardless of value,
- per Hop-by-Hop header.
-
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- Partridge & Jackson Standards Track [Page 2]
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- RFC 2711 IPv6 Router Alert Option October 1999
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- Value: A 2 octet code in network byte order with the following
- values:
-
- 0 Datagram contains a Multicast Listener Discovery
- message [RFC-2710].
- 1 Datagram contains RSVP message.
- 2 Datagram contains an Active Networks message.
- 3-65535 Reserved to IANA for future use.
-
- Alignment requirement: 2n+0
-
- Values are registered and maintained by the IANA. See section 5.0
- for more details.
-
- 2.2 Semantics
-
- The option indicates that the contents of the datagram may be
- interesting to the router. The router's interest and the actions
- taken by employing Router Alert MUST be specified in the RFC of the
- protocol that mandates or allows the use of Router Alert.
-
- The final destination of the IPv6 datagram MUST ignore this option
- upon receipt to prevent multiple evaluations of the datagram.
- Unrecognized value fields MUST be silently ignored and the processing
- of the header continued.
-
- Routers that recognize the option will examine datagrams carrying it
- more closely to determine whether or not further processing is
- necessary. The router only needs to parse the packet in sufficient
- detail to decide whether the packet contains something of interest.
- The value field can be used by an implementation to speed processing
- of the datagram within the transit router.
-
- Observe that further processing can involve protocol layers above
- IPv6. E.g., for RSVP messages, the datagram will have to undergo UDP
- and RSVP protocol processing. Once the datagram leaves the IPv6
- layer, there is considerable ambiguity about whether the router is
- acting as an IPv6 host or an IPv6 router. Precisely how the router
- handles the contents is value-field specific. However, if the
- processing required for the datagram involves examining the payload
- of the IPv6 datagram, then the interim router is performing a host
- function and SHOULD interpret the data as a host.
-
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- Partridge & Jackson Standards Track [Page 3]
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- RFC 2711 IPv6 Router Alert Option October 1999
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- 3.0 Impact on Other Protocols
-
- For this option to be effective, its use MUST be mandated in
- protocols that expect routers to perform significant processing on
- datagrams not directly addressed to them. Routers are not required
- to examine the datagrams not addressed to them unless the datagrams
- include the router alert option.
-
- All IPv6 datagrams containing an RSVP message MUST contain this
- option within the IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options Header of such datagrams.
-
- 4.0 Security Considerations
-
- Gratuitous use of this option can cause performance problems in
- routers. A more severe attack is possible in which the router is
- flooded by bogus datagrams containing router alert options.
-
- The use of the option, if supported in a router, MAY therefore be
- limited by rate or other means by the transit router.
-
- 5.0 IANA Considerations
-
- The value field described in Section 2.1 is registered and maintained
- by IANA. New values are to be assigned via IETF Consensus as defined
- in RFC 2434 [RFC-2434].
-
- 6.0 Notice on Intellectual Property
-
- The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
- intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
- pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
- this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
- might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
- has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the
- IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
- standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of
- claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
- licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
- obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
- proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
- be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
-
- The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
- copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
- rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
- this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive
- Director.
-
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- Partridge & Jackson Standards Track [Page 4]
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- RFC 2711 IPv6 Router Alert Option October 1999
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-
- 7.0 References
-
- [RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFC's to Indicate
- Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1977.
-
- [RFC-2205] Braden, B. (ed.), Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S. and S.
- Jamin, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)", RFC 2205,
- September 1997.
-
- [RFC-2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
- IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
- October 1998.
-
- [RFC-2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
- (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
-
- [RFC-2710] Deering, S., Fenner, W. and B. Haberman, "Multicast
- Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6", RFC 2710, October
- 1999.
-
- 6.0 Authors' Addresses
-
- Craig Partridge
- BBN Technologies
- 10 Moulton Street
- Cambridge, MA 02138
- USA
-
- Phone: +1 (617) 873-3000
- EMail: craig@bbn.com
-
-
- Alden Jackson
- BBN Technologies
- 10 Moulton Street
- Cambridge, MA 02138
- USA
-
- Phone: +1 (617) 873-3000
- EMail: awjacks@bbn.com
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- Partridge & Jackson Standards Track [Page 5]
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- RFC 2711 IPv6 Router Alert Option October 1999
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- 7.0 Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
- revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
- BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
- Acknowledgement
-
- Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
- Internet Society.
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- Partridge & Jackson Standards Track [Page 6]
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